CN102063376A - Test case selection method - Google Patents

Test case selection method Download PDF

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CN102063376A
CN102063376A CN201110039023XA CN201110039023A CN102063376A CN 102063376 A CN102063376 A CN 102063376A CN 201110039023X A CN201110039023X A CN 201110039023XA CN 201110039023 A CN201110039023 A CN 201110039023A CN 102063376 A CN102063376 A CN 102063376A
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test case
testing requirement
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equivalence class
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CN102063376B (en
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李刚
刘厂
张振兴
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Harbin Engineering University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a test case selection method, and belongs to the technical field of software testing. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, acquiring a reduced test requirement set through an original test requirement set; 2, designing test cases; and 3, sequencing the priorities of the test cases. The invention discloses a complete and high-efficiency test case selection process of reducing test requirements, generating the test cases, and generating a test sequence. The number of the generated test cases is greatly reduced on the premise of ensuring that expected test coverage is achieved; meanwhile, the priorities of the test cases are sequenced, so that the method has practical significance for testing large-scale software such as a web application program, and test efficiency is improved.

Description

A kind of test case choosing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the software testing technology field, particularly a kind of test case choosing method in the Web application software testing field.
Background technology
Software test is the means that improve software quality, and test case is to instruct the criterion of test in software test procedure.Test case is the description of the test activity relevant with test target carried out in sequence, determine " how " test.In software test work, the design of test case is extremely important, is the correctness of test execution, the basis of validity.How effectively design test case is the problem that the tester paid close attention to always.Along with software size is huge all the more, especially when the application software testing that carries out based on the Web platform, the test case quantity that needs is very huge, need a large amount of time and fund by the generation of manually finishing test case, can't satisfy the short period of Web performance history and the process of continuous iteration.The appearance of the automatic generation technique of test case has solved this difficult problem, has improved the saving of testing efficiency and fund, makes that the automaticity of test is higher.
Yet, automatically existing the test case of a lot of redundancies in the test case that generates, the existence of these test cases has reduced the progress and the efficient of test, makes the increase sharp increase along with test case quantity of the efficient of software test and cost.The sequence of test case has directly determined the order of software test, and the Different Effects of priority probability and the speed of finding defective.Based on this, how selecting test case effectively is to guarantee testing efficiency and even successful key factor.
People such as M.J.Harrold proposed the notion that test use cases is simplified first in 1993, people such as T.Y.Chen have provided a series of terms in the test use cases simplification problem again.Test use cases simplification problem is exactly at the coverage condition according to test use cases and testing requirement collection, obtains under the situation that covers the full test demand, finds minimum test use cases, and its redundant covering is less.At present, mainly concentrate on two aspects for the intensive Study on Technology that subtracts of test: one is based on the test use cases simplification technology that combination covers; Mainly contain heuristic and two research fields of algebraic method; Another test use cases that is based on testing requirement is simplified technical research, and people generally are according to each testing requirement, produce corresponding test case, uses various short-cut method, the test use cases after obtaining simplifying then on the test use cases basis.
In patent 20091020845.6, disclose particle cluster algorithm has been used in the test use cases simplification, with solving the problem that the regression test case collection expands.This patent adopts the 0-1 coded system to represent test use cases, different particles is represented the selection scheme of different test cases, the adaptive value of each particle adopts two adaptive values to estimate, a representative be all coverages of testing requirement of test use cases, another representative be the redundance that test use cases satisfies the demands, utilize each test case that the coverage rate of testing requirement is upgraded particle position in a body position of future generation for probability produces at random, obtain at last covering maximum and the particle of redundance minimum is optimum test case reduction scheme.
This patent disclosure its advantage of method be simple to operate, search speed is fast, does not rely on initial value.But this patent is to simplify from the angle of the test use cases that has generated, and has ignored this process of generation test case demand; Though the resulting test case of this patent is simplified, be not what optimize, the practical significance that test is produced a little less than.
Summary of the invention
To the objective of the invention is in order addressing the above problem, to propose a kind of test case choosing method.
A kind of test case choosing method is characterized in that, comprises following step:
Step 1:, obtain yojan testing requirement collection by original testing requirement collection;
Specifically comprise following step:
(1) the original testing requirement collection of initialization R is R={r 1, r 2... r m, r wherein iBe testing requirement, i=1,2 ... m, initialization yojan testing requirement collection R ' is Initialization test demand k is
Figure BDA0000046981940000022
(2) whether the original testing requirement collection of cycle criterion R is empty, as then carrying out 8 for sky), otherwise carry out 3);
(3) take out any testing requirement r from original testing requirement collection R, make testing requirement k=r, this moment, original testing requirement collection was updated to R:=R-{r};
(4) the testing requirement r among the original testing requirement collection R of selection i, 1 i of this step every execution of operation adds up 1 time, judges r simultaneously iWhether be last testing requirement, if then carry out 7), if otherwise carry out 5);
(5) calculate testing requirement r iWhether with the common factor of testing requirement k, judge occuring simultaneously simultaneously is empty, if for sky would carry out 4), if for sky would carry out 6);
(6) refresh test demand k makes k:=k ⌒ r i, upgrade original testing requirement collection R, make R:=R-{r i; Carry out 4)
(7) calculate yojan testing requirement collection R ', make R ' :=R '+{ k}; Carry out 2);
(8) obtain final yojan testing requirement collection R ';
Step 2: test case design;
According to the yojan testing requirement collection R ' after the yojan that obtains in the step 1,, adopt boundary value analysis method design test case according to the constraint condition between each testing requirement among the testing requirement collection k;
Step 3: test case prioritization;
Specifically comprise following step:
(1) establishing the test case that step 2 obtains is original test use cases T, and the test use cases after the ordering is ordering back test use cases T ';
(2) be original test use cases T structure equivalence class set Q={q 1, q 2..., q n, q wherein i={ t I1, t I2..., t Im, i=1,2 ..., n, m=1,2 ..., n, q iBe i equivalence class, t ImBe m the test case that i equivalence class comprises, n is the equivalence class number, and m is the test case number that i equivalence class comprises; Each test case t IjThe number req[j of the demand that it covered], j=1,2 ..., m; The equivalence class set is divided according to the type of test case;
(3) be each equivalence class q iConstruct a priority number P i, a disfigurement discovery sign Bug[i] and a defect rank Lev[i]; According to equivalence class q iThe type of middle test case is with priority number P iBe decided to be P i=1, i.e. system class test case, perhaps P i=2, i.e. function class test case, perhaps P i=3, i.e. interface class test case, perhaps P i=4, i.e. data class test case; Disfigurement discovery sign Bug[i] type be Boolean type, Bug[i]=i equivalence class q of 1 expression iFound software defect, Bug[i]=i equivalence class q of 0 expression iDo not find software defect; Defect rank Lev[i] represent that dissimilar defectives has different grades;
(4) equivalence class is gathered Q and carried out the initial priority ordering, according to the priority division principle in (3), parity price class q iCarry out prioritization; Priority order from high to low be the data class test case->the interface class test case->the function class test case->the system class test case;
(5) from any equivalence class q iIn choose a test case t IjTested software is tested, and as finding software defect in the test process, then disfigurement discovery identifies Bug[i]=1; Otherwise then disfigurement discovery identifies Bug[i]=0;
(6) judge Bug[i] value whether be 1, as be 1 and change priority number P i, be specially P i=Lev[i]+initial priority counts P iOtherwise,, with priority number P iRemain unchanged;
(7) according to the final priority number of each equivalence class that obtains in (6), sort, form the equivalence class sequence according to priority number parity price class;
(8) use greedy algorithm to find out equivalence class q iMinimum test use cases T i, then
Figure BDA0000046981940000031
(9) T that in (8), obtains iIn each test case t IjThe demand number req[j that is covered] size test case is sorted, cover the many test cases of demand number and come the front, the result after will sorting then is inserted in the equivalence class sequence;
(10) the back test use cases T ' that obtains sorting;
Obtain sorting behind the test use cases T ' of back, software is carried out software test.
The invention has the advantages that:
The invention discloses one from the testing requirement yojan->test case generates->that cycle tests generates is complete, test case is chosen process efficiently, reaches under the prerequisite of expected test coverage rate guaranteeing, the test case quantity of generation reduces greatly; Simultaneously test case is carried out prioritization, the test of this extensive software of web application is had practical significance, improved testing efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a method flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the intensive simple process flow diagram of step 1 testing requirement of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a test case prioritization process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
The present invention is a kind of test case choosing method, based on the testing requirement yojan with improve greedy algorithm, described one from the testing requirement yojan->the test case design->that cycle tests generates is complete, test case is chosen process efficiently.In test case demand stage, at first carry out yojan, generate test case then, reduce the test case redundancy; In the test case operational phase, the notion that " equivalence class " divided is incorporated in the greedy algorithm, and right test case is carried out prioritization, has improved testing efficiency.
A kind of test case choosing method, flow process comprises following steps as shown in Figure 1:
Step 1:, obtain yojan testing requirement collection by original testing requirement collection;
To the original testing requirement collection of input, adopt testing requirement Algorithm for Reduction based on linear search, be applicable to the testing requirement yojan of large-scale application software, flow process specifically comprises following step as shown in Figure 2:
(1) the original testing requirement collection of initialization R is R={r 1, r 2... r m, r wherein iBe testing requirement, i=1,2 ... m initialization yojan testing requirement collection R ' is
Figure BDA0000046981940000041
Initialization test demand k is
Figure BDA0000046981940000042
(2) whether the original testing requirement collection of cycle criterion R is empty, as then carrying out (8) for sky, otherwise then execution (3);
(3) take out any testing requirement r from original testing requirement collection R, make testing requirement k=r, this moment, original testing requirement collection was updated to R:=R-{r};
(4) the testing requirement r among the original testing requirement collection R of selection i, 1 i of this step every execution of operation adds up 1 time, judges r simultaneously iWhether be last testing requirement, if then carry out (7), if otherwise carry out (5);
(5) calculate testing requirement r iWhether with the common factor of testing requirement k, judge occuring simultaneously simultaneously is empty, if for sky then carry out (4), if for sky then carry out (6);
(6) refresh test demand k makes k:=k ⌒ r i, upgrade original testing requirement collection R, make R:=R-{r i; Carry out (4)
(7) calculate yojan testing requirement collection R ', make R ' :=R '+{ k}; Carry out (2);
(8) obtain final yojan testing requirement collection R '.
Step 2: test case design;
According to the yojan testing requirement collection R ' after the yojan that obtains in the step 1,, adopt boundary value analysis method design test case according to the constraint condition between each testing requirement among the testing requirement collection k.
By long-term test job experience, can access a large amount of mistakes is to occur on the border of the scope of inputing or outputing, rather than occurs in the inside of input, therefore at various border condition design test case, can find more mistake.Use boundary value analysis method design test case, at first should determine border condition, usually the border of input and output is exactly the border condition that should test emphatically, should choose just in time equal, just greater than or just less than the value on border as test data, rather than the representative value of choosing or arbitrary value are as test data.
Based on boundary value analysis method design test case, analyze the specification of tested software, find out its possible boundary condition, concrete several situations are:
(1), then should get the value on the border that has just reached this scope, and the value that has just surmounted this range boundary is as test input data if initial conditions has been stipulated the scope of value;
(2) if initial conditions has been stipulated the number of value, then with maximum number, minimum number, lack one, Duo one number as test data than maximum number than minimum number;
(3) according to each initial conditions of the specification of tested software, adopt step (1);
(4) according to each initial conditions of the specification of tested software, adopt step (2);
(5) if orderly when input domain that the specification of tested software provides or domain output, then should choose first element of Ji Tai and last element as test case;
(6) if used an internal data structure in the tested software, the borderline value that then should select this internal data structure is as test case;
For example, require to be the 1-99 month serviceable life of some products, just can get 0,1,99,100 data during the design use-case as test case.
Step 3: test case prioritization;
The method that adopts " equivalence class " test to combine with greedy algorithm is carried out the test case priority ordering.
So-called " equivalence class " is divided into some parts to the probable value of input data exactly, each partial data all with this part in all data identical character is arranged.Based on this principle: can determine to think reasonably that so other use-cases also can not find defective in this equivalence class if from the test case of " equivalence class ", do not find defective.Vice versa.Here according to this principle, test case is divided into several equivalence classes, carry out the assignment of priority then, use greedy algorithm preferentially to choose those test case that contains limit priority " equivalence class " set, then in the iteration tests process, find the situation of the test case " equivalence class " of software defect to change priority according to test process, search can be found test case " equivalence class " collection that defective is many.
Greedy algorithm is a kind of optimum solution of not pursuing, and only wishes to obtain the comparatively method of satisfactory solution.Since it saved for look for optimum solution want limit the plenty of time that might must expend, what generally can obtain fast being satisfied with separates.Greedy algorithm is always preferentially chosen the test case of cover-most test coverage criterion in choosing the process of test case, when all test coverage criterions all were covered to, algorithm stopped.
The essence of test case prioritization be with former be that test use cases is divided into a plurality of equivalence classes, at first the parity price class sorts, use greedy algorithm to find out the minimum test set of each equivalence class then, to the ordering of the test case in each minimum test set, the test case that all are sorted is by the unified ordering of the order of equivalence class under it then.Test case prioritization flow process specifically comprises following step as shown in Figure 3:
(1) establishing the test case that step 2 obtains is original test use cases T, and the test use cases after the ordering is ordering back test use cases T ';
(2) be original test use cases T structure equivalence class set Q={q 1, q 2..., q n, q wherein i={ t I1, t I2..., t Im, i=1,2 ..., n, m=1,2 ..., n, q iBe i equivalence class, t ImBe m the test case that i equivalence class comprises, n is the equivalence class number, and m is the test case number that i equivalence class comprises; Each test case t IjThe number req[j of the demand that it covered], j=1,2 ..., m; The equivalence class set can be divided according to the type of test case.
(3) be each equivalence class q iConstruct a priority number P i, a disfigurement discovery sign Bug[i] and a defect rank Lev[i].According to equivalence class q iThe type of middle test case is with priority number P iBe decided to be P i=1 (system class test case) or P i=2 (function class test case) or P i=3 (interface class test case) or P i=4 (data class test cases); Disfigurement discovery sign Bug[i] type be Boolean type, Bug[i]=i equivalence class q of 1 expression iFound software defect, Bug[i]=i equivalence class q of 0 expression iDo not find software defect.Defect rank Lev[i] represent that dissimilar defectives has different grades, Lev[i] value big more description defect serious more, as common defective be memory overflow (defect rank is 5), divisor may be for zero (defect rank is 5), Array Bound (defect rank is 4), floating number more improper (defect rank is 3), use null pointer (defect rank is 2), exist unreachable statement (defect rank is 1) etc., the hierarchal order of these defectives be major defect->general defective->light defects.
(4) equivalence class is gathered Q and carried out the initial priority ordering, according to the priority division principle in (3), parity price class q iCarry out prioritization.Priority order from high to low be the data class test case->the interface class test case->the function class test case->the system class test case;
(5) from any equivalence class q iIn choose a test case t IjTested software is tested, and as finding software defect in the test process, then disfigurement discovery identifies Bug[i]=1; Otherwise then disfigurement discovery identifies Bug[i]=0.
(6) judge Bug[i] value whether be 1, as be 1 and change priority number P i, be specially P i=Lev[i]+initial priority counts P i(for example, former priority P iBe 2, defect rank Lev[i] be 4, then new priority P iBe 6), otherwise, with priority number P iRemain unchanged.
(7) according to the final priority number of each equivalence class that obtains in (6), sort, form the equivalence class sequence according to priority number parity price class.
(8) use greedy algorithm to find out equivalence class q iMinimum test use cases T i, then
Figure BDA0000046981940000061
(9) T that in (8), obtains iIn each test case t IjThe demand number req[j that is covered] size test case is sorted, cover the many test cases of demand number and come the front, the result after will sorting then is inserted in the equivalence class sequence.
(10) the back test use cases T ' that obtains sorting.
Obtain sorting behind the test use cases T ' of back, just can carry out software test software.

Claims (2)

1. a test case choosing method is characterized in that, comprises following step:
Step 1:, obtain yojan testing requirement collection by original testing requirement collection;
Specifically comprise following step:
1) the original testing requirement collection of initialization R is R={r 1, r 2... r m, r wherein iBe testing requirement, i=1,2 ... m, initialization yojan testing requirement collection R ' is
Figure FDA0000046981930000011
Initialization test demand k is
2) whether the original testing requirement collection of cycle criterion R is empty, as then carrying out 8 for sky), otherwise carry out 3);
3) take out any testing requirement r from original testing requirement collection R, make testing requirement k=r, this moment, original testing requirement collection was updated to R:=R-{r};
4) the testing requirement r among the original testing requirement collection R of selection i, 1 i of this step every execution of operation adds up 1 time, judges r simultaneously iWhether be last testing requirement, if then carry out 7), if otherwise carry out 5);
5) calculate testing requirement r iWhether with the common factor of testing requirement k, judge occuring simultaneously simultaneously is empty, if for sky would carry out 4), if for sky would carry out 6);
6) refresh test demand k makes k:=k ⌒ r i, upgrade original testing requirement collection R, make R:=R-{r i; Carry out 4)
7) calculate yojan testing requirement collection R ', make R ' :=R '+{ k}; Carry out 2);
8) obtain final yojan testing requirement collection R ';
Step 2: test case design;
According to the yojan testing requirement collection R ' after the yojan that obtains in the step 1,, adopt boundary value analysis method design test case according to the constraint condition between each testing requirement among the testing requirement collection k;
Step 3: test case prioritization;
Specifically comprise following step:
(1) establishing the test case that step 2 obtains is original test use cases T, and the test use cases after the ordering is ordering back test use cases T ';
(2) be original test use cases T structure equivalence class set Q={q 1, q 2..., q n, q wherein i={ t I1, t I2..., t Im, i=1,2 ..., n, m=1,2 ..., n, q iBe i equivalence class, t ImBe m the test case that i equivalence class comprises, n is the equivalence class number, and m is the test case number that i equivalence class comprises; Each test case t IjThe number req[j of the demand that it covered], j=1,2 ..., m; The equivalence class set is divided according to the type of test case;
(3) be each equivalence class q iConstruct a priority number P i, a disfigurement discovery sign Bug[i] and a defect rank Lev[i]; According to equivalence class q iThe type of middle test case is with priority number P iBe decided to be P i=1, i.e. system class test case, perhaps P i=2, i.e. function class test case, perhaps P i=3, i.e. interface class test case, perhaps P i=4, i.e. data class test case; Disfigurement discovery sign Bug[i] type be Boolean type, Bug[i]=i equivalence class q of 1 expression iFound software defect, Bug[i]=i equivalence class q of 0 expression iDo not find software defect; Defect rank Lev[i] represent that dissimilar defectives has different grades;
(4) equivalence class is gathered Q and carried out the initial priority ordering, according to the priority division principle in (3), parity price class q iCarry out prioritization; Priority order from high to low be the data class test case->the interface class test case->the function class test case->the system class test case;
(5) from any equivalence class q iIn choose a test case t IjTested software is tested, and as finding software defect in the test process, then disfigurement discovery identifies Bug[i]=1; Otherwise then disfigurement discovery identifies Bug[i]=0;
(6) judge Bug[i] value whether be 1, as be 1 and change priority number P i, be specially P i=Lev[i]+initial priority counts P iOtherwise,, with priority number P iRemain unchanged;
(7) according to the final priority number of each equivalence class that obtains in (6), sort, form the equivalence class sequence according to priority number parity price class;
(8) use greedy algorithm to find out equivalence class q iMinimum test use cases T i, then
(9) T that in (8), obtains iIn each test case t IjThe demand number req[j that is covered] size test case is sorted, cover the many test cases of demand number and come the front, the result after will sorting then is inserted in the equivalence class sequence;
(10) the back test use cases T ' that obtains sorting;
Obtain sorting behind the test use cases T ' of back, software is carried out software test.
2. a kind of test case choosing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step 2 based on boundary value analysis method design test case is, analyzes the specification of tested software, finds out its boundary condition, and concrete several situations are:
(1), then should get the value on the border that has just reached this scope, and the value that has just surmounted this range boundary is as test input data if initial conditions has been stipulated the scope of value;
(2) if initial conditions has been stipulated the number of value, then with maximum number, minimum number, lack one, Duo one number as test data than maximum number than minimum number;
(3) according to each initial conditions of the specification of tested software, adopt step (1);
(4) according to each initial conditions of the specification of tested software, adopt step (2);
(5) if orderly when input domain that the specification of tested software provides or domain output, then should choose first element of Ji Tai and last element as test case;
(6) if used an internal data structure in the tested software, the borderline value that then should select this internal data structure is as test case.
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