CN102062855A - Radar echo compression/decompression algorithm based on run-length difference coding - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a radar echo compression/decompression algorithm based on run-length difference coding, which is used for software design of a radar simulation echo data compression/decompression control board. The present invention mainly records the difference between the front and back values of the data stream and the number of times of repetition to realize compression coding. And extracting a noise mean value by using a sliding window average, then carrying out self-adaptive threshold cutting on the noise to inhibit noise interference, and finally improving the compression ratio of the code. And reducing the discontinuous times of data in the sequence in a mode of self-adaptively and dynamically adjusting the difference ambiguity so as to improve the compression ratio of the code. And all functions of the algorithm are realized by adopting the FPGA.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to data compression decompress(ion) field, be specially a kind of radar return compression based on distance of swimming differential coding.
Background technology
At present, along with the continuous development of radar new technology, digitized radar video range bin is long more and more littler.Suppose that it is 0.5us that minimum radar can be discerned the echo pulsewidth, quantization digit is 8Bits, if do not carry out compressed encoding, then needs the channel width of 16Mbps it could be spread out of fully at least.And so high bandwidth requirement bring huge difficulty can for the design of Wireless Telecom Equipment, and the cost that more feasible figure passes equipment is index and rises violently rapidly.
In order under finite bandwidth, to transmit more radar detection information, in system, use the compression treatment technology that radar echo signal is carried out the compression/decompression processing and become inevitable.
Single with regard to compression algorithm, of a great variety: PCM (pulse code modulation (PCM)), predictive coding, transition coding (discrete cosine transform), statistical coding (Huffman coding, arithmetic coding, Run-Length Coding), vector quantization and sub-band coding etc.These algorithms are except that ratio of compression has nothing in common with each other, and also each is different for the complicacy of computing.What radar detection needed is accuracy, promptness, and therefore the applied compression technology at first must requirement of real time in figure biography equipment.
Run-Length Coding (Run-Length Coding, RLC) be suggested very early as a kind of simple and practical statistical coding, it mainly compresses foundation is exactly that the data (being called the distance of swimming) that will occur continuously in the data stream are represented with the number of these data and appearance continuously.That is: the X data value of string (constitute continuous data)+SC (length of continuous data string).Carry out related calculation just because of this algorithm need not to obtain a large amount of historical datas,, also have more real-time so other algorithms (as the wavelet transformed domain compression) are littler to the demand of internal memory relatively.But in Run-Length Coding, when the data of repetition are encoded continuously for two nothings, can produce redundancy.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of radar return compression, can produce redundant problem when the data that adopt traditional Run-Length Coding algorithm that two nothings are repeated are continuously encoded to solve based on distance of swimming differential coding.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the utility model adopted is:
Radar return compression based on distance of swimming differential coding, comprise encoding compression module and decoder module successively, it is characterized in that: described encoding compression module and decoder module are all based on distance of swimming differential coding algorithm, and described distance of swimming differential coding algorithm is to the difference of front and back data and the algorithm that multiplicity is carried out Run-Length Coding in the radar echo signal data stream;
Described encoding compression module may further comprise the steps:
(1) noise filtering: at first the data that collect in the under-stream period are compared with the radar system noise figure that radar last time collected in stand-down one by one, with preliminary filtering noise, then take again and on same distance point, do sliding window correlativity in the echo data of data and record 3 times behind the preliminary filtering noise and compare, all has correlativity as data behind the last preliminary filtering noise of continuous 3 comparison result shows same distance points and the echo data that 3 times writes down, then keep the current data that collect, otherwise the current data that collect are changed to noise level;
(2) difference Fuzzy Processing: in order to realize dynamically adjusting the lossy compression method rate to adapt to the requirement of little Channel Transmission bandwidth, the spy introduces difference fuzzy coefficient F, and described difference fuzzy coefficient F is the fuzzy value range of difference, and its span is (1～64);
If current sampling point C
nData value and previous sampled point C
N-1Data value between difference less than difference fuzzy coefficient F, then C
nProduced distortion, current sampling point C
nData value be taken as previous sampled point C
N-1Data value participate in coding, otherwise then get current sampled point C
nData value participate in coding, obvious C
nWith C
N-1Get same value and participate in coding and then only the multiplicity totalizer is added one and get final product, this can improve compression efficiency greatly for Run-Length Coding, and then the reduction transmitted data amount, but what bring is the amplitude distortion of a little;
Difference fuzzy coefficient F value is dynamically to be adjusted according to the transmission bandwidth of coded data amount and channel by coding module, when the coded data flow surpasses transmission bandwidth, dynamically improve difference fuzzy coefficient F value to strengthen compressibility, thereby exchange littler data traffic for an amount of echo coding distortion, when the coded data flow less than transmission bandwidth certain when value, dynamically reduce F value reducing compressibility, thus reduction coding distortion degree, but also can strengthen occupancy to transmission bandwidth thereupon;
(3) distance of swimming differential coding: at first the data value to continuous sampling point in the one-period carries out the compression of distance of swimming differential coding, when distance of swimming differential coding compression in the cycle finish and complete spread out of packed data stream after, data value to the continuous sampling point on the same distance point between adjacent periods carries out the compression of distance of swimming differential coding, after the compression of distance of swimming differential coding is finished during week, can not completely spread out of packed data stream, just return to distance of swimming differential coding compression in the cycle, in the cycle distance of swimming differential coding compression finish and complete spread out of packed data stream after, again carry out distance of swimming differential coding compression during week again, so circulation is all carried out compression of distance of swimming differential coding and the complete packed data stream that spreads out of until all data;
Described decoder module may further comprise the steps:
(1) synchro control: the uniqueness characteristic sign indicating number was assembled octet during at first the packed data that reaches by the compression of identification distance of swimming differential coding flowed, so that control is periodically stored/decoded to whole decode procedure;
(2) distance of swimming difference decoding: according to the uniqueness characteristic sign indicating number of being discerned, at first the packed data stream of uniqueness characteristic sign indicating number in the corresponding cycle is carried out the decoding of distance of swimming difference by distance of swimming differential coding agreement, when distance of swimming difference decoding in the cycle finish and complete outgoi8ng data after, packed data stream to the continuous sampling point on the same distance point between adjacent periods carries out the decoding of distance of swimming difference, can not complete outgoi8ng data after finishing as distance of swimming difference decoding during week, just return to distance of swimming difference decoding in the cycle, in the cycle distance of swimming difference decoding finish and complete outgoi8ng data after, again distance of swimming difference is decoded during carrying out week again, and so circulation is all carried out also complete outgoi8ng data of distance of swimming difference decoding until all packed datas streams.
Described radar return compression based on distance of swimming differential coding is characterized in that: the echo data of decoding output is the compress coding data of input of last cycle always.
Described radar return compression based on distance of swimming differential coding is characterized in that: the mode that described encoding compression module is dynamically adjusted difference fuzzy coefficient F with self-adaptation reduces the discontinuous number of times of data in the sequence.
Described radar return compression based on distance of swimming differential coding is characterized in that: described encoding compression module and decoder module all are integrated among the FPGA, and described FPGA is connected to the dual-port SRAM of soldier's pang structure.
The present invention is used for the Radar Analog Echo data compression/decompression.The present invention is that (original on year-on-year basis Run-Length Coding algorithm is compared has higher ratio of compression for Run-Length Coding, RLC) producing through improvement on the basis for Run-Length Coding at classics.The present invention has carried out the adaptive noise filtering according to the radar characteristics to original echoed signals and has handled, more introduced the notion of difference blur level, the mode of dynamically adjusting the difference blur level with self-adaptation reduces the discontinuous number of times of data in the sequence, to improve the ratio of compression of coding.Compression algorithm of the present invention is effective, and ram ratio height, hardware are real-time, the system dynamics scope satisfies grating display requirement index.Successful Application in multiple Radar Products at present.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an encoding compression module FB(flow block) of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a decoder module FB(flow block) of the present invention.
Fig. 3 realizes theory diagram for hardware circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the present invention's sequential chart of encoding.
Fig. 5 is the present invention's sequential chart of decoding.
Embodiment
The encoding compression workflow
As shown in Figure 1, be the FB(flow block) of compressed encoding.Because background return, weather echo, target echo in the adjacent repetition period are correlated with, and the noise completely random.This provides foundation with regard to the filtering of giving noise.
The step of " noise filtering " is summarized as follows: at first, the data of adopting in the under-stream period are compared with the radar system noise figure (NL) that radar was last time adopted in stand-down one by one, with preliminary filtering noise, then do sliding window correlativity comparison by the value on this range points in the current echo data that the value (than the big data of noise figure) of signal is arranged and 3 times write down again, on this range points, all adopt signal value as continuous 3 times with correlativity, then keep currency, otherwise currency is changed to noise level (NL) and passes to the postorder module.
The difference Fuzzy Processing " be actually a kind of control of degree of distortion, it mainly is provided with for the efficient that improves distance of swimming differential coding.Because the read-out speed of 1Mbps is constant, and the data volume after encoded is variable, suppose that the current triggering cycle is that (unit is: s), the data volume behind the coding is C to τ, then works as: C 〉=(τ * 1 * 10
6)/8 o'clock can not spread out of coded data in the current triggering cycle fully with the speed of 1Mbps.The unique way that addresses this problem is exactly to exchange still less amount of coded data for a spot of distortion.With that in mind, we have introduced the notion of a fuzzy coefficient (F).
If current sampling point C
nValue (current_value) and previous sampled point C
N-1The difference of value (pre_value) less than difference fuzzy coefficient (F), then current sampling point C
nThe value value (pre_value) that is taken as previous sampled point participate in coding, encode otherwise then get current sampled value.The method can increase the number of continuous repeating data, but therefore can bring a little distortion on the signal amplitude.When Channel Transmission can not be born, coding module can be adjusted difference fuzzy coefficient (F) to reach the state of an amplitude distortion and coding information quantity relative equilibrium to data volume behind coding adaptively greatly.
Distance of swimming differential coding can not only compress the continuous sampling value in the one-period, also can carry out the difference compression to the value on the same distance point of adjacent periods.Because the sampled data correlativity in the adjacent cycle on the same range points is very big, its difference is " 0 " or very high near the outline of " 0 " in other words, so the distance of swimming differential coding during week is more more efficient than the distance of swimming differential coding in the cycle.But the distance of swimming differential coding during week depends on the data in last cycle, the way on historical facts or anecdotes border is: after compression of distance of swimming differential coding and complete spreading out of in employing week, can adopt distance of swimming differential coding compression between week, distance of swimming differential coding can not completely spread out of between week and work as, just return to the week in distance of swimming differential coding, up to the week in distance of swimming differential coding is complete spread out of after, adopt distance of swimming differential coding between week again, above handoff procedure is controlled by coding module, carries out again and again.
Dual-port SRAM is divided into the region unit of a plurality of ping-pong structures in design, so that the sampled value and the coded data of timesharing storage one-period, the data behind the coding are finally spread out of with the 1Mbps multirate serial by " Channel Transmission control " module.
The decoding workflow
As shown in Figure 2, because the unique data of whole decode procedure source is exactly the serial data stream of 1Mbps, and coding/decoding is to carry out according to 8 byte, and therefore the first step of decoding will correctly be assembled octet by the identification of uniqueness characteristic sign indicating number in the serial data stream (" trigger head " condition code) at first exactly." synchro control " module is periodically stored/decode whole decode procedure constantly according to the arrival of " trigger head " condition code in view of the above just and controls." decoding of distance of swimming difference " module can be carried out decoding of distance of swimming difference or decoding of distance of swimming difference and output simultaneously between week in week according to the Information Selection suitable algorithm that comprises in " trigger head ".Because encoded data stream is with the input of 1Mbps low speed, decoding output is then carried out with 2M Byte/s, has therefore adopted the dual port RAM of ping-pong structure to serve as bridge.The echo data source of decoding output is the coded data of input of last cycle always.
Hardware circuit of the present invention is realized.In order to reach the purpose of quick coding/decoding, we have adopted is that the design proposal of controller is realized with FPGA.
Referring to Fig. 3, this circuit core device is a slice high-performance FPGA programmable logic chip.For realizing a plate dual-purpose, this chip integrated the control algolithm of compressed encoding and these the two big functional modules of reduction that decompress.Concrete which functional module work (being that entire circuit is operated in coding mode or decoding schema) is then selected decision by toggle switch.Dual-port SRAM is divided into the region unit of a plurality of ping-pong structures in design, so that while store sample value and coded data.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 have described the work schedule of main functional modules in the coding/decoding respectively.From read-write angle to RAM, no matter be coding or decoding, its major function can reduce all that the data block of carrying out is simultaneously write and data block is read two big modules.
When this plug-in unit was used as compressed encoding, radar simulation video echo entered FPGA through A/D passage and relevant interface.Compressed encoding work is carried out synchronously with the echo input, promptly along with the echo samples value in current triggering cycle is imported one by one with the frequency of 2MHz, the compressed encoding module is also encoded by difference successively to it simultaneously and is deposited internal memory in real time in, triggers just switching to another buffer memory when arriving and encode and write up to the next one.In with present encoding data write memory, the coded data in previous cycle is also read from another memory block of ping-pong buffer continuously and is exported with the serial data stream of 1Mbps.Owing to greatly reduce, therefore when exporting, encoded data stream can dynamically fill some empty data " 0 ", to wait for the end of one-period in its back through the data volume after the encoding compression.
When this plug-in unit during as decompression applications, that at first will do will catch " synchronization character " exactly from the 1Mbps serial data stream, and with this as every group of division foundation that triggers the cycle coded data block.Data after serial/parallel conversion are at first with the frequency of the 0.125MHz RAM that writes direct, meanwhile, decoder module can be from another ping-pong buffer be read the coded data in previous cycle decoding and is flowed to D/A with the echo data of 8 of the frequency stabilization outputs of 2MHz simultaneously and reduce.
From this work schedule Fig. 4, be not difficult to find out that total time-delay of this coding/decoding system only is 2 triggering cycles in 5, as seen its real-time is very strong.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
Suppose to have the echo data of one section 8 bit data stream, its 16 system is expressed as: ... 1A 1A 1A 1A 2C 4E4E 4E 4E 4E 3D 6F 6F 6F 6F 8C 8C 8C 8C 8C..., in these 20 bytes, numeral 1AH/2CH/4EH/3DH/6FH/8CH has occurred respectively 4/1/5/1/4/5 time, learns that thus the probability that they occur in information is respectively: 0.2/0.05/0.25/0.05/0.2/0.25.According to the information entropy computing formula
Can calculate " information entropy " (just representing the minimum limit figure place that this information is required) of whole piece information:
H=-(4 * log
2(0.2)+1 * log
2(0.05)+5 * log
2(0.25)+1 * log
2(0.05)+4 * log
2(0.2)+5 * log
2(0.25)) (position) ≈ 5.9 (byte)=47.22
That is: " entropy " approximates 6 bytes.
And through behind the Run-Length Coding (RLC), this data stream can be expressed as:
...
1A?04?
2C?01?
4E?05?
3D?01?
6F?04?
8C?05...
Obviously, when this data stream adopted undistorted Run-Length Coding, its code length was by 12 bytes of 20 byte boil down tos.Ratio of compression is near 2: 1 with regard to this data stream, but also has the gap of 6 bytes apart from its " entropy " (6 bytes), that is to say that this coded system is not also removed the redundancy of these 6 bytes, also has further possibility of compressing.
Find that by analysis having occurred two in above-mentioned data stream does not have the data that repeat continuously: 2CH, 3DH.Through behind the RLC coding but from 2 bytes (2CH 3DH) increase to 4 bytes (
2CH 01H 3DH 01H), this has obviously run counter to the purpose of compression.
The core concept of " distance of swimming differential coding " is to attempt carrying out with a byte coding of similar " distance of swimming ".That is: to write down the difference and the multiplicity of front and back value.This coding convention sees the following form:
Table 1 coding convention
Because the difference of the neighbouring sample value of radar return on same azimuth scan line exceeds ± and 62 probability generally can not surpass 10%, that is to say to adopt the machine of going up " initial value " coding (taking 2 bytes) in the table can or can not be very high.Therefore it is feasible adopting above-mentioned difference to encode.
The situation that adopts " distance of swimming differential coding " that above-mentioned example is encoded again.Suppose that initial value is 0, according to the coding convention of table 1, this data stream can be expressed as: ... 9A 03 92 A2 04 D1 B2 03 9D 04...
Adopt " distance of swimming differential coding " when encoding, its code length is by 10 bytes of 20 byte boil down tos.2 have been lacked than the byte number that adopts classical " Run-Length Coding " to compress.And the reason of having lacked 2 bytes is described the current data value with the differential coding (sequence number is 5 byte coding in the table 1) of front and back value just.That is: 2CH 3DH describes in the differential coding 92H of previous value D1H with it respectively.This shows the phenomenon that the data volume that " distance of swimming differential coding " caused when having avoided " Run-Length Coding " that discontinuous number is encoded just increases.Here need to prove: owing to adopt the minimum unit of byte (can describe 256 values) as coding, and 6 kinds of values only in the example therefore with regard to this segment information, have produced the waste of coding.But cover whole zone (0～255) along with the increase of quantity of information, this redundancy can be tending towards " 0 ".
Certainly, depend " distance of swimming differential coding " alone and echo is compressed to handle be far from being enough.Radar video echo signal is made up of background return, weather echo, target echo and noise usually.Wherein, the noise of no correlativity is generally more than 80%, and it is no any practical significance concerning image shows not only, but also has taken limited channel width in a large number, has more reduced compression effects.And background return, weather echo, these Useful Informations of target echo have very strong correlativity.Therefore, how rationally to utilize correlation of data to remove noise effectively and become the another key that improves compression usefulness.
Claims (4)
1. based on the radar return compression of distance of swimming differential coding, comprise encoding compression module and decoder module successively, it is characterized in that: described encoding compression module and decoder module are all based on distance of swimming differential coding algorithm, and described distance of swimming differential coding algorithm is to the difference of front and back data and the algorithm that multiplicity is carried out Run-Length Coding in the radar echo signal data stream;
Described encoding compression module may further comprise the steps:
(1) noise filtering: at first the data that collect in the under-stream period are compared with the radar system noise figure that radar last time collected in stand-down one by one, with preliminary filtering noise, then take again and on same distance point, do sliding window correlativity in the echo data of data and record 3 times behind the preliminary filtering noise and compare, all has correlativity as data behind the last preliminary filtering noise of continuous 3 comparison result shows same distance points and the echo data that 3 times writes down, then keep the current data that collect, otherwise the current data that collect are changed to noise level;
(2) difference Fuzzy Processing: in order to realize dynamically adjusting the lossy compression method rate to adapt to the requirement of little Channel Transmission bandwidth, the spy introduces difference fuzzy coefficient F, and described difference fuzzy coefficient F is the fuzzy value range of difference, and its span is (1～64);
If current sampling point C
nData value and previous sampled point C
N-1Data value between difference less than difference fuzzy coefficient F, then C
nProduced distortion, current sampling point C
nData value be taken as previous sampled point C
N-1Data value participate in coding, otherwise then get current sampled point C
nData value participate in coding, obvious C
nWith C
N-1Get same value and participate in coding and then only the multiplicity totalizer is added one and get final product, this can improve compression efficiency greatly for Run-Length Coding, and then the reduction transmitted data amount, but what bring is the amplitude distortion of a little;
Difference fuzzy coefficient F value is dynamically to be adjusted according to the transmission bandwidth of coded data amount and channel by coding module, when the coded data flow surpasses transmission bandwidth, dynamically improve difference fuzzy coefficient F value to strengthen compressibility, thereby exchange littler data traffic for an amount of echo coding distortion, when the coded data flow less than transmission bandwidth certain when value, dynamically reduce F value reducing compressibility, thus reduction coding distortion degree, but also can strengthen occupancy to transmission bandwidth thereupon;
(3) distance of swimming differential coding: at first the data value to continuous sampling point in the one-period carries out the compression of distance of swimming differential coding, when distance of swimming differential coding compression in the cycle finish and complete spread out of packed data stream after, data value to the continuous sampling point on the same distance point between adjacent periods carries out the compression of distance of swimming differential coding, after the compression of distance of swimming differential coding is finished during week, can not completely spread out of packed data stream, just return to distance of swimming differential coding compression in the cycle, in the cycle distance of swimming differential coding compression finish and complete spread out of packed data stream after, again carry out distance of swimming differential coding compression during week again, so circulation is all carried out compression of distance of swimming differential coding and the complete packed data stream that spreads out of until all data;
Described decoder module may further comprise the steps:
(1) synchro control: the uniqueness characteristic sign indicating number was assembled octet during at first the packed data that reaches by the compression of identification distance of swimming differential coding flowed, so that control is periodically stored/decoded to whole decode procedure;
(2) distance of swimming difference decoding: according to the uniqueness characteristic sign indicating number of being discerned, at first the packed data stream of uniqueness characteristic sign indicating number in the corresponding cycle is carried out the decoding of distance of swimming difference by distance of swimming differential coding agreement, when distance of swimming difference decoding in the cycle finish and complete outgoi8ng data after, packed data stream to the continuous sampling point on the same distance point between adjacent periods carries out the decoding of distance of swimming difference, can not complete outgoi8ng data after finishing as distance of swimming difference decoding during week, just return to distance of swimming difference decoding in the cycle, in the cycle distance of swimming difference decoding finish and complete outgoi8ng data after, again distance of swimming difference is decoded during carrying out week again, and so circulation is all carried out also complete outgoi8ng data of distance of swimming difference decoding until all packed datas streams.
2. the radar return compression based on distance of swimming differential coding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the echo data of decoding output is the compress coding data of input of last cycle always.
3. the radar return compression based on distance of swimming differential coding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the mode that described encoding compression module is dynamically adjusted difference fuzzy coefficient F with self-adaptation reduces the discontinuous number of times of data in the sequence.
4. the radar return compression based on distance of swimming differential coding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described encoding compression module and decoder module all are integrated among the FPGA, and described FPGA is connected to the dual-port SRAM of soldier's pang structure.
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