CN102059045A - Venturi atomization compound wet type electrostatic flue gas treatment reactor - Google Patents
Venturi atomization compound wet type electrostatic flue gas treatment reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102059045A CN102059045A CN2010105549892A CN201010554989A CN102059045A CN 102059045 A CN102059045 A CN 102059045A CN 2010105549892 A CN2010105549892 A CN 2010105549892A CN 201010554989 A CN201010554989 A CN 201010554989A CN 102059045 A CN102059045 A CN 102059045A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Venturi atomization compound wet type electrostatic flue gas treatment reactor for a coal-fired industry boiler, comprising a Venturi atomization segment and a wet type electrostatic defogging segment, wherein the Venturi atomization segment comprises a shrinkage pipe, a throat pipe and a diffusion pipe, an absorbent nozzle is arranged at the inlet of the throat pipe, the wet type electrostatic defogging segment comprises a shell, a gas inlet which is connected with the diffusion pipe is arranged at the lower end of the shell, a gas outlet is arranged at the upper end of the shell, a porous airflow uniform distribution plate is arranged at the lower part in the shell, a plurality of unit discharge channel groups consisting of discharge electrode plates and a plurality of discharge electrodes are arranged in the shell, a water spraying tube is arranged above the discharge electrode plates, an ash bucket and a water outlet are arranged at the bottom of the wet type electrostatic defogging segment, and an insulator and an insulation plate are also arranged at the top part of the wet type electrostatic defogging segment. The reactor disclosed by the invention can realize simultaneous removal of various pollutant dusts, SO2 and NOx in flue gas, has the advantages of high removal efficiency of flue gas pollutants and simple and reliable process and greatly saves investment and running cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of reactor of coal-burned industrial boiler smoke gas treatment, relate in particular to a kind of venturi compound wet electrostatic flue gas treating reactor of spraying.
Background technology
China is maximum in the world coal consumption state, and coal in China consumption in 2008 accounts for 45% of world's consumption of coal total amount up to more than 2,700,000,000 tons.In the period of quite growing future, China is that the general layout of main energy sources can not change with coal, and the coal consumption amount is with sustainable growth.According to statistics, China in 2008 has a large capacity and a wide range with more than 50 ten thousand of Industrial Boilers, wherein is coal-burning boiler more than 80%.As the important energy conversion equipment, year total coal consumption of China's coal-burned industrial boiler is nearly 500,000,000 tons at present, accounts for 1/5 of national consumption of coal total amount, is the second largest energy consumption equipment except that electricity generation boiler, be one of the lavish consumer of China's energy and main source of atmospheric pollution, its dust and SO
2Discharge capacity etc. atmosphere pollution is only second to coal-fired power station boiler.At present, developed countries mainly concentrates on dedusting, desulfurization and denitration to the control of pollution that caused by coal burning thing, and these efficiently pollutant control technology emphasis be used for the pollution reduction of coal-fired power station boiler.At coal-burned industrial boiler, developed countries and area are mainly from the clean coal technology angle, from the generation and the discharging of source control pollution that caused by coal burning.Developed country and area have experienced the time of last 100 years to the progressively control of coal-fired flue-gas pollutant, have ripe large-scale coal-fired power station boiler flue gas ash removal, desulfurization and denitration technology, but do not had mature technique can supply to use for reference aspect the Industrial Boiler pollution control.
At home, the most capacity of coal-burned industrial boiler are less, and use substantially without the raw coal that purifies, coal is changeable again, and the smalls ratio is big, adds that management and automatic control level are low, the average operating efficiency of active boiler is significantly less than design efficiency, and not only coal consumption is big, and pollutant emission intensity is big.But because the relatively poor and existing smoke pollution control technology of economic strength of China general industry enterprise is comparatively backward, most of coal-burned industrial boiler dust-removal and desulfurizing equipment are still relatively backward, some in addition do not have dust-removing desulfurating apparatus, little denitrification apparatus.At present, domestic coal-burned industrial boiler smoke pollution is administered and is mainly concentrated on dedusting, and the matching used cleaner overwhelming majority is cyclone dust collectors, but the not normally operation of 50% cyclone dust collectors is just progressively eliminated.Tracing it to its cause mainly is that cyclone dust collectors easily stop up, and easily leaks out, and makes efficiency of dust collection significantly descend; China begins to research and develop the flue gas desulfurization technique of coal-burned industrial boiler the beginning of the nineties, at present can the fume desulphurization method nearly 10 of stable operation surplus kind, but it is just several really to come into the market, and investment and operating cost are relatively more expensive, apply comparatively difficulty.The technical problem that some are thorny,, burn into fouling low as operational efficiency, obstruction, secondary pollution, carbonated drink are separated and Ash Water Separator etc. does not obtain fine solution yet, and the development of coal-burned industrial boiler flue gas desulfurization is had difficulty in taking a step; And for the denitrating flue gas of coal-burned industrial boiler, at present domestic still belong to blank.
The control of traditional coal-fired flue-gas pollutant is the control mode that a kind of pollutant is taked a cover smoke eliminator, when needs are controlled multiple pollutant simultaneously, certainly will cause problems such as system complex, floor space are big, cost height.Generally adopt about 50～80 yuan/kW of electrostatic precipitation investment cost at present, energy consumption is near 1Wh/Nm
3And the wet method lime lime-gypsum method desulfur technology that China's fired power generating unit generally adopts, system complex, it is bigger that sweetening process pressure falls, and initial investment reaches 100～150 yuan/kW, energy consumption even reached 10Wh/Nm
3, operating cost 2 minutes/more than the kWh; SCR (SCR) technology that denitrating flue gas adopts and will regularly replace and causes investment and running cost height because catalyst costs an arm and a leg, and initial investment reaches 100～150 yuan/kW, and operating cost also reaches 2 fens/more than the kWh.For this reason, the various pollutants of fume of research and development high-efficiency and economic is integrated removes the focus of attention that technology has become domestic and international many research institutions.
In recent years, integrated to remove Study on Technology comparatively active to the multiple pollutant of fire coal in developed countries such as the U.S., Japan, and the some of them technology has been in early stage commercialization stage.Research mainly concentrates on aspects such as desulfuration demercuration, while desulphurization denitration and while desulfurization denitration demercuration simultaneously, mainly contains catalytic reduction method and oxidation absorption process.Typical catalytic reduction technology has SNOX (WSA-SNOX), SNRB (SOX-NOX-ROX-BOX) technology, NOXSOX technology, CuO/ γ-Al
2O
3Technology etc.But these technology all also are not very ripe, mostly are in demonstration phase, and the heavy industrialization of being unrealized is used.And the oxidation absorption process is to utilize various oxidation materials that water-fast NO oxidation is generated water-soluble NO
2Thereby, utilize alkali lye again at afterbody while absorption of N O
2And SO
2, realize desulphurization denitration simultaneously.This type of while desulphurization denitration technology is broadly divided into: additive oxidizing process and corona discharge oxidizing process.The former is difficult to the difficult problem of absorption of N O at the flue gas desulfurization platform, by adopting the oxidisability additive (as NaClO
2, HClO
3, KMnO
4Deng) make NO change into easy absorbed NO
2, can realize integrated the removing of multiple pollutant based on the flue gas desulfurization platform; Free radical and multiple excited state molecule isoreactivity material (O, OH, HO that the The latter corona discharge technology produces
2Deng) realized the efficient oxidation of NO, realize SO in conjunction with MODEL OF CHEMICAL ABSORPTION PROCESS again
2Remove with the integrated of NOx.Though the integrated control technology research of coal-fired flue-gas pollutant has obtained preliminary progress, need time from industrial applications, need key technical problems such as resolution system design, technology controlling and process, technology be integrated.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to coal-burned industrial boiler does not have and can be cost-effective remove dust, SO in its flue gas
2With the technological gap of NOx, provide a kind of venturi that is used for coal-burned industrial boiler smoke comprehensive control compound wet electrostatic reactor of spraying, the comprehensive dust tuberculosis of this reactor condensation technique, SO
2The oxidation absorption techniques of spraying absorption techniques, NO and efficient demist technology realize dust, SO
2Remove with the effective integrated of NOx.
A kind of venturi compound wet electrostatic flue gas treating reactor of spraying comprises horizontally disposed venturi spraying section and vertically arranged wet electrostatic demist section.
Described venturi spraying section comprises collapsible tube, trunnion and anemostat, and a plurality of absorbent nozzles are evenly arranged in the trunnion porch around trunnion.The length of described trunnion is 0.8～1.2 times of throat pipe diameter.The angle of throat of described collapsible tube is 20～30 °, and the angle of flare of described anemostat is 4～8 °.
Described wet electrostatic demist section comprises housing, and the housing lower end is provided with air inlet, and air inlet is connected with the anemostat of venturi spraying section, and the housing upper end is provided with the gas outlet, is connected with chimney, and air inlet top also is provided with the airflow uniform distribution plate of porous simultaneously.Enclosure interior is formed by a plurality of cell discharge combination of channels, includes discharge plate and sparking electrode in each cell discharge passage, and sparking electrode is located at the discharge channel center, discharge plate ground connection, and sparking electrode connects negative high voltage.Described cell discharge passage is that the length of side is the square of 300～400mm.The cross-sectional area of static demist conversion zone can determine that the flue gas flow rate in the unit channel generally is controlled at 0.3～0.5m/s according to the flue gas flow rate in handled exhaust gas volumn and the unit channel.The top of wet electrostatic demist section also is provided with insulator, with insulation board insulator and flue gas is isolated.The bottom of wet electrostatic demist section is provided with ash bucket and delivery port, and the drop that captures in the discharge process flows along discharge plate from top to bottom, compiles at delivery port at last, flows into the absorbent circulatory pool and carries out water seal.
Described discharge plate is a stainless-steel sheet, and the discharge plate top is provided with sparge pipe.Described sparge pipe material is PPR, and diameter is 5～10mm, offers water jet every 100mm under the sparge pipe, and water jet is higher than discharge plate 5mm.Described sparking electrode is a stainless steel tube, and the diameter of stainless steel tube is 5～10mm, stainless steel pipe surface winding screw line, spiral pitch 20～30mm, helix diameter 2～3mm.
The wet electrostatic demist section of reactor of the present invention is formed by a plurality of foursquare cell discharge combination of channels.Foursquare cell discharge passage is compared with common circle, and structure is compact more, process conveniently, and reactor amplifies the different boiler capacity of adaptation easily.The cell discharge passage is made up of discharge plate and sparking electrode, owing to the demist section is moved under the state of dewfall, in order to prevent SO
2With the corrosivity of NOx, guarantee stable operation, so the material of discharge plate and sparking electrode is stainless steel.Because the long-time running dust granules can be bonded on the discharge plate,, regularly clean to the pole plate water spray so above discharge plate, arrange water jet.Because the running temperature of wet electrostatic demist section is generally below 90 ℃, so the sparge pipe material is PPR.
The sparking electrode of reactor of the present invention adopts the stainless steel tube of winding screw line, this be because: because discharge space humidity is bigger, easy flashing discharge during discharge, guiding discharge voltage is whole to descend, remove fog effect thereby reduce, so be not suitable for adopting conventional prickle shape electrode.The sparking electrode of spiral line type is difficult for puncturing, and can improve discharge voltage, thereby improves the capture effect of drop.
Venturi spraying section in apparatus of the present invention has the function of dust-removal and desulfurizing.Flow velocity increased gradually after flue gas entered collapsible tube, the pressure of air-flow can progressively be converted into kinetic energy, reach maximum in trunnion porch air velocity, form the swiftly flowing gas of 80～120m/s, absorbent enters along the equally distributed nozzle of trunnion periphery, 4～8 of nozzle numbers, drop at trunnion by high-speed gas atomization and acceleration.Owing to have inertial collision between drop and the dust granules, can realize the capture of fine particulates.Though trunnion place gas residence time is shorter, the atomizing fine drop have great specific area, can with the SO in the flue gas
2The efficient mass transfer absorption reaction takes place, and reaches SO
2tentatively remove.Because the collision arresting efficiency is directly proportional with relative velocity (between drop and the dust granules), so the velocity of flue gas of trunnion porch must be high.In order to form bigger flue gas flow rate, so the angle of throat of collapsible tube is bigger, is generally 20～30 °.Throat pipe diameter can determine that flue gas flow rate is generally 80～120m/s in the trunnion according to the design current velocity of handled exhaust gas volumn and trunnion.In anemostat, air velocity reduce rise with pressure, making with the dust granules is that the cohesion of the nuclei of condensation speeds up, and forms the bigger dust-laden drop of diameter, goes far towards to capture to remove.Owing to the minimizing of flue gas flow rate, the time of staying increases, SO simultaneously
2And the absorption reaction between the drop will be further strengthened SO
2Removal efficiency further improve.The coring cohesion and the SO of dust granules
2Mass transfer absorb and all to need the long time of staying, the gravitational settling that improves flocculated particle removes and SO
2Absorption, so the angle of flare of anemostat is got 4～8 ° usually, and the straight length of proper extension anemostat back is to more than the 2m.After the flue gas process venturi spraying section, big drop flows into the ash bucket of wet electrostatic demist section bottom under the gravitational settling effect, but also has a large amount of fine droplets and dust to remove, and need finish efficiently removing in wet electrostatic demist section.
The wet electrostatic demist section of apparatus of the present invention has the function of dust-removal and desulfurizing denitration simultaneously.By negative electrical charge on the lotus, under the effect of electric field force,, captured by discharge plate at last when tiny dust-laden drop passes through discharge channel, flow into ash bucket along discharge plate from top to bottom, compile discharge at delivery port at last to the discharge plate motion.Simultaneously, SO
2Mass transfer absorption reaction at wet electrostatic demist section and drop is still carrying out, and the dust in the drop has catalysed oxidn to inferior sulfate radical, can further improve SO
2Assimilation effect.In addition, corona discharge process can produce more oxidative free radical OH, HO under high humility
2Or the like, the NO in can the oxidation flue gas becomes NO
2, HNO
2And HNO
3, and the dust in the drop has catalysed oxidn, can promote these oxidation materials to be absorbed by drop, finally realizes removing of NOx.So, compare with the electric cleaner of routine, the wet electrostatic demister is more effective for the capture of dust-laden drop, need not ash removal equipment for flapping, from having avoided fatal problems such as conventional electric dust-removing equipment dust back-mixing rate height, clean-up effect be not good in essence, effectively improve runnability, particularly will obviously improve, and have desulphurization denitration function simultaneously short grained capture effect.
The beneficial effect that the present invention compared with prior art has:
1) can realize multiple pollutant dust, SO in the flue gas
2Remove simultaneously with NOx, reduce investment outlay and operating cost simple and reliable process greatly;
2) the removal efficiency height of flue gas pollutant, wherein the removal efficiency of dust reaches more than 99%, SO
2Removal efficiency can reach more than 95%, and the removal efficiency of NOx also can reach about 50%;
3) this device can solve conventional wet and remove the high problem of afterbody aerosol discharge concentration, effectively controls fine particle (PM2.5) and aerocolloidal pollution.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of reactor of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the distribution schematic diagram of trunnion porch nozzle in the reactor of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the layout drawing of discharge plate sparge pipe in the reactor of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of helical discharge electrode in the reactor of the present invention.
Each description of reference numerals among the figure:
1-venturi spraying section 2-wet electrostatic demist section 3-collapsible tube 4-trunnion
5-anemostat 6-housing 7-air inlet 8-gas outlet
9-discharge plate 10-sparking electrode 11-sparge pipe 12-ash bucket
13-airflow uniform distribution plate 14-delivery port 15-insulator 16-insulation board
17-trunnion nozzle 18-discharge channel 19-helix
The specific embodiment
A kind of venturi compound wet electrostatic flue gas treating reactor of spraying comprises horizontally disposed venturi spraying section 1 and vertically arranged wet electrostatic demist section 2.Venturi spraying section 1 is made up of collapsible tube 3, trunnion 4 and anemostat 5 successively.The angle of throat of collapsible tube 3 is 20～30 °.Flue gas flow rate in the trunnion 4 is controlled at 80～120m/s, and trunnion 4 length are 0.8～1.2 times throat pipe diameter, and 4～8 nozzles 17 are evenly arranged along periphery in trunnion 4 porch.The angle of flare of anemostat 5 is 4～8 °.Wet electrostatic demist section 2 comprises housing 6, and housing 6 lower ends are provided with air inlet 7, is connected with anemostat 5, and the length of linkage section is more than 2m.Wet electrostatic demist section 2 upper ends are provided with gas outlet 8, are connected with chimney.Air inlet 7 tops are provided with porous airflow uniform distribution plate 13 simultaneously, and percent opening is 30～50%.Housing 6 inside are combined by a plurality of cell discharge passages 18, can amplify according to the size of exhaust gas volumn and the requirement of pollutant removing.Cell discharge passage 18 is a square, and the square length of side is 300～400mm.Flue gas flow rate is controlled at 0.3～0.5m/s in the cell discharge passage 18.Cell discharge passage 18 is made up of discharge plate 9 and sparking electrode 10, and sparking electrode 10 is located at the center of discharge channel.Discharge plate 9 ground connection, sparking electrode 10 connects negative high voltage, forms negative corona.Insulator 15 is arranged in the top of wet electrostatic demist section 2 and adopts insulation board 16 and outlet flue gas to isolate.The drop that captures in the corona discharge process flows along discharge plate 9 from top to bottom, flows into the ash bucket 12 of wet electrostatic demist section, compiles at delivery port 14 at last, flows into the absorbent circulatory pool and carries out water seal.
Trunnion 4 peripheries are evenly arranged 4～8 nozzles 17, and nozzle 17 diameters are 1/20 of trunnion 4 diameters.The concrete layout as shown in Figure 2.
Discharge plate 9 tops are provided with sparge pipe 11, and sparge pipe 11 is regularly sprayed water, and clean pole plate.Sparge pipe is arranged and is shown as Fig. 3.Sparge pipe 11 materials are PPR, and diameter is 5～10mm.Offer water jet every 100mm under the sparge pipe 11, and than discharge plate 9 high 5mm.The concrete layout as shown in Figure 3.
Sparking electrode (10) is a stainless steel tube, and the stainless steel tube diameter is 5～10mm.Stainless steel pipe surface winding screw line (19), helix (19) spacing 20～30mm, helix (19) diameter 2～3mm.Specifically as shown in Figure 4.
Application examples 1
Adopt reactor as shown in Figure 1, wherein the collapsible tube angle of throat is 30 °.Flue gas flow rate control 100m/s in the trunnion, the angle of flare of anemostat is 5 °, and the cell discharge passage of wet electrostatic demist section is the square of length of side 300mm, and flue gas flow rate is 0.3m/s in the passage.Handle 3000m
3The coal-burned industrial boiler flue gas of/h as absorbent, applies the high direct voltage of 55kV with NaOH alkali lye, through environmental administration's monitoring, smoke dust discharge concentration 7.03mg/m
3, efficiency of dust collection 99.15%; SO
2Concentration of emission 45.1mg/m
3, desulfuration efficiency 96.91%; Discharged nitrous oxides concentration 161mg/m
3, denitration efficiency 47.57%.
Claims (9)
1. a venturi compound wet electrostatic flue gas treating reactor of spraying, comprise venturi spraying section (1) and wet electrostatic demist section (2), it is characterized in that: described venturi spraying section (1) comprises collapsible tube (3), trunnion (4) and anemostat (5), and the porch of trunnion (4) is provided with absorbent nozzle (17) along the periphery of trunnion (4); Described wet electrostatic demist section (2) comprises housing (6), and housing (6) lower end is provided with air inlet (7), and air inlet (7) is connected with anemostat (5), and the top of air inlet (7) is provided with porous airflow uniform distribution plate (13); The upper end of housing (6) is provided with gas outlet (8), the inside of housing (6) is provided with cell discharge channel group (18), each cell discharge channel group (18) comprises discharge plate (9) and sparking electrode (10), sparking electrode (10) is located at the discharge channel center, discharge plate (9) ground connection, sparking electrode (10) connects negative high voltage; The top of wet electrostatic demist section (2) is provided with insulation board (16), and insulation board (16) top is provided with insulator (15); The bottom of wet electrostatic demist section (2) is provided with ash bucket (12) and delivery port (14).
2. the venturi according to claim 1 compound wet electrostatic flue gas treating reactor of spraying is characterized in that: described venturi spraying section (1) is horizontally disposed, and described wet electrostatic demist section (2) is arranged vertically.
3. the venturi according to claim 1 compound wet electrostatic flue gas treating reactor of spraying is characterized in that: 4～8 absorbent nozzles (17) are evenly arranged along periphery in described trunnion (4) porch.
4. the venturi according to claim 1 compound wet electrostatic flue gas treating reactor of spraying, it is characterized in that: the length of described trunnion (4) is 0.8～1.2 times of trunnion (4) diameter.
5. the venturi according to claim 1 compound wet electrostatic flue gas treating reactor of spraying, it is characterized in that: the angle of throat of described collapsible tube (3) is 20～30 °.
6. the venturi according to claim 1 compound wet electrostatic flue gas treating reactor of spraying, it is characterized in that: the angle of flare of described anemostat (5) is 4～8 °.
7. the venturi according to claim 1 compound wet electrostatic flue gas treating reactor of spraying, it is characterized in that: described cell discharge passage (18) is the square of 300～400mm for the length of side.
8. the venturi according to claim 1 compound wet electrostatic flue gas treating reactor of spraying, it is characterized in that: described discharge plate (9) is a stainless-steel sheet, discharge plate (9) top is furnished with sparge pipe (11); Described sparking electrode (10) is a stainless steel tube, and the stainless steel tube diameter is 5～10mm; Stainless steel pipe surface winding screw line (19), helix (19) spacing 20～30mm, helix (19) diameter 2～3mm.
9. the venturi according to claim 8 compound wet electrostatic flue gas treating reactor of spraying, it is characterized in that: described sparge pipe (11) material is PPR, and diameter is 5～10mm; Sparge pipe is offered water jet every 100mm under (11), and water jet is higher than discharge plate (9) 5mm.
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| CN102294302A (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2011-12-28 | 广东佳德环保科技有限公司 | Upper inlet type electrical demister for smoke desulphurization |
| CN102423593A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2012-04-25 | 浙江富春江环保热电股份有限公司 | Method for simultaneously dedusting, desulphurizing and denitrating boiler flue gas in coal-fired industry |
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