CN102059043A - Control method of harmful waste gas generated in recycling of waste electric and electronic products - Google Patents
Control method of harmful waste gas generated in recycling of waste electric and electronic products Download PDFInfo
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- CN102059043A CN102059043A CN201010521127XA CN201010521127A CN102059043A CN 102059043 A CN102059043 A CN 102059043A CN 201010521127X A CN201010521127X A CN 201010521127XA CN 201010521127 A CN201010521127 A CN 201010521127A CN 102059043 A CN102059043 A CN 102059043A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a control method of harmful waste gas generated in the recycling of waste electric and electronic products. The method comprises the following steps: the atmospheric suspended particles combinedly polluted by heavy metals are separated, an adsorption-catalysis integrated device is used to treat the organic waste gas, the organic waste gas fully contacts with catalyst under the action of adsorption to perform catalytic oxidation and ensure that the organic waste gas is converted to organic substances which can perform biological treatment; and the treated organic waste gas is sent to a bio-trickling filter using calcareous algae as filler and then converted to inorganic substances and substances composing the cell through metabolism and degradation. The method has short organic waste gas treatment time and high efficiency and impact resistance; and the treatment efficiency can reach more than 95% and the treated gas meets the national discharge standard.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of preventing and treating of harmful exhaust, the method for preventing and treating of the harmful exhaust that specifically a kind of waste electrical equipment electronic product recycling produces.
Background technology
Belong to emerging field in the environmental protection industry in the processing of China's electric appliance and electronic product, more adopted burning, acid molten etc. for the processing of electric appliance and electronic product in the past the great method of environmental hazard.In recent years, the processing of discarded electric appliance and electronic product is subjected to the attention of society.Yet, more be that sight is concentrated on innoxious, the recycling treatment of discarded electric appliance and electronic product, for the improvement of the three wastes in the processing procedure, what for few the concern.
Discarded electric appliance and electronic product can produce a large amount of volatile organic matters and comprise benzene series things such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, dimethylbenzene in disassembling processing procedure, and load has a large amount of semi-volatile organic matters such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, dioxin, the atmosphere suspended particulate substance of brominated flame-retardant and heavy-metal composite pollution.These organic matters not only have very large toxic action, and are mostly persistent organism, have very high hydrophobicity and biological concentration ability, are easy to long-distance migration, and are difficult to biodegradation, and are very harmful to ecological environment, must strict control.
It is very few both at home and abroad to disassemble the processing research of toxic harmful exhaust gas in the process for discarded electric appliance and electronic product, but analyze from the composition of waste gas, the waste gas of disassembling in the process to be produced mainly contains three classes, the first kind is the atmosphere suspended particulate substance of heavy-metal composite pollution, second class is that volatile organic matter comprises benzene series things such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, the 3rd class is semi-volatile organic matter such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, dioxin, brominated flame-retardant.
Though all carried out research in various degree for this three classes treatment of waste gas both at home and abroad, not the comprehensive waste gas of this three class carried out systematic research, and do not obtain substantial effect yet for the processing of volatility semi-volatile organic matter.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that solves: the present invention is directed to above-mentioned deficiency and defective, generation link and generation characteristic in conjunction with waste gas have proposed the toxic harmful exhaust gas that produces in the discarded electric appliance and electronic product treatment process is carried out innoxious and recycling processing method by physics, chemical catalysis, biological cleaning tertiary treatment technology.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that the method for preventing and treating of the harmful exhaust that the recycling of waste electrical equipment electronic product produces may further comprise the steps:
(1) to the processing of the atmosphere suspended particulate substance of heavy-metal composite pollution: dry milling waste electrical equipment electronic product, capture dusty gas with the dust discharge cover, with blower fan dusty gas is sent into gravitational precipitator, make the bulky grain sedimentation, dusty gas enters sack cleaner along the air channel more afterwards, makes further separating of metallic particles and suspended particulate;
(2) step (1) is collected the heavy metal particles of separating with processing and deliver to the follow-up hybrid metal purifies and separates equipment of dry method recycling equipment, reclaim metal;
(3) organic exhaust gas of step (1) sack cleaner being separated is extracted into absorption-catalytic integration equipment with blower fan earlier,
Utilize then suction-operated with organic exhaust gas with the abundant contact catalysis oxidation of catalyst, make organic exhaust gas be converted into the organic substance that can carry out a biological disposal upon;
(4) organic exhaust gas after step (3) processing being sent into marine alga stone is the bio-trickling filter of filler, through metabolic degradation, is converted into inorganic matter and cell component.
Beneficial effect:
1, the present invention is directed to treatment of waste gas in the discarded electric appliance and electronic product treatment process,, can realize the pollution control of waste gas by bag-type dust method, gravitational dust collection method, absorption-catalyzing integrated method, biological filtering tower combined working tertiary treatment system.
2, the time of processing organic exhaust gas is short, efficient is high, strong shock resistance can be handled the organic exhaust gas of various concentration, and organic exhaust gas can reach the purification requirement through the biological treatment layer an a little second, treatment effeciency can reach more than 95%, and the gas after the processing reaches national specified discharge standard.
3, bio-trickling filter selects for use specific area big, because of the effective marine alga masonry of biofilm is a filler.Its genus polyporus material, and rough surface, surface wettability is good, can be microbial adhesion environment preferably is provided, and is fit to microbial growth, breeding; Specific area is big, and then the biomembrane bond area is big, can improve the biochemical degradation amount of the organic pollution of unit volume, to the purification efficiency and the biochemical removal amount height of organic exhaust gas.In addition, it also has structural strength and anti-corrosion capability preferably, and biofilm speed is fast, and is cheap.And should remove the organic exhaust gas technology by biology, adopt corresponding dominant bacteria, applied range can be used for handling the waste gas that contains multiple organic pollution, be not only applicable to handle the waste gas of this project, can be used for the exhaust-gas treatment of industries such as all kinds of Sewage Plant, soot, agricultural chemicals, chemical industry, food yet.
4, operating cost of the present invention is low, does not need the people to manage, and does not need to replenish any chemistry or biological agent, and except that collecting the required blower fan electricity charge of waste gas, the systematic running cost of day 500,000 cubes of waste gas of processing is with only needing the left stone of 20-30 unit every day.
The specific embodiment
The present invention comprises that mainly first is the processing of the atmosphere suspended particulate substance of heavy-metal composite pollution, because present discarded electric appliance and electronic product all is to adopt dry milling, when fragmentation, material is local under the effect of external force can to produce higher temperature.Local when surpassing 250 ℃ of high temperature when fragmentation, what have an a great deal of nonmetally begins to take place pyrolysis.Just in fragmentation repeatedly, a part of fragile material and heavy metal can the broken atmosphere suspended particulate substances that produces heavy-metal composite pollution, for reducing or reduce the generation and the diffusion of polluter, must take measures it is handled; Second portion is an absorption-catalyzing integrated micronizing technology, mainly is the processing at the organic pollution of volatility and half volatile; Third part is to be core with the biologic treating technique, and the poisonous and harmful organic exhaust gas is carried out advanced treating.
Specifically:
The first step, processing to the atmosphere suspended particulate substance of heavy-metal composite pollution: dry milling waste electrical equipment electronic product, capture dusty gas with the dust discharge cover, with blower fan dusty gas is sent into gravitational precipitator, make the bulky grain sedimentation, dusty gas enters sack cleaner along the air channel more afterwards, makes further separating of metallic particles and suspended particulate.
Because present discarded electric appliance and electronic product all is to adopt dry milling, when fragmentation, part fragile material and the broken atmosphere suspended particulate substance that produces heavy-metal composite pollution of heavy metal meeting for reducing or reduce the generation and the diffusion of polluter, must take measures it is handled.
System's operating process is as follows: big abrasive machine dust discharge cover (capture dusty gas) → gravitational precipitator (big sedimentation) → air channel → sack cleaner (metallic particles further separates with suspended particulate).
The course of work of complete dust collection method: (1) captures the dusty gas that technical process produces with dust discharge; (2) dusty gas of Bu Jiing is delivered to the gravity type cleaner along the air channel under fan action, realizes the sedimentation of bulky grain levitation gas; (3) be delivered to sack cleaner, the realization metallic particles further separates with suspended particulate.
System forms: dust equipment is carried in dust discharge cover, airduct, blower fan, gravity type cleaner, cloth-bag type cleaner, collection.
Adopt gravitational dust collection technology and dust settling pocket technique composite dedusting technology mixture-metal overall suspended pellet to producing in the discarded electric appliance and electronic product treatment process, make the udst separation rate reach more than 95%, because the gravitational dust collection of front end, 95% heavy metal particles thing is through precipitating, the particle particle size that enters bag-type dust is similar, dust is arranged in order at filter bag top layer particle, the gap rate height, the dust layer that filter bag forms is little to the resistance of air-flow, be easy to deashing, can keep low running resistance at the running deduster.In addition, because the heavy metal of suspended particulate substance effectively separated with dust, for condition has been created in the recovery of heavy metal in next step overall suspended pellet.
Second step, collect with handling the heavy metal particles of separating and deliver to the follow-up hybrid metal purifies and separates equipment of dry method recycling equipment, reclaim metal.
In the 3rd step, organic exhaust gas that sack cleaner is separated is extracted into absorption-catalytic integration equipment with blower fan earlier, utilize then suction-operated with organic exhaust gas with the abundant contact catalysis oxidation of catalyst, make organic exhaust gas be converted into the organic substance that can carry out a biological disposal upon.
Disassemble a large amount of volatile organic matters that produce in the shattering process at electronic waste and comprise benzene series things such as benzene,toluene,xylene, and load has a large amount of semi-volatile organic matters such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, dioxin and brominated flame-retardant etc., these organic matters not only have very large toxic action, and the present invention has screened catalytic carrier and the advanced oxidation catalyst with good adsorption properties.
Catalyst be a class can change chemical reaction velocity and in reaction self and nonexpendable material, its reaction path can divide for three steps: one, reactant and catalyst action become the reactant of ADSORPTION STATE; Two, the reactant of ADSORPTION STATE is transformed into the product of ADSORPTION STATE; Three, the product desorption of ADSORPTION STATE becomes product and discharges catalyst.In the catalytic reaction approach, the activation energy of each step all less than the activation energy of uncatalyzed reaction approach, so resistance is less, quicken by reaction.In the catalytic reaction approach, though catalyst participates in reaction, be released again after experiencing specific circulation, this cyclic process claims catalytic cycle.
Because dioxin has pyrolytic, the characteristic that low temperature is combined into, catalysis method more is to promote its direction toward decomposition reaction to carry out and suppress the carrying out of synthetic back reaction.The present invention is directed to exhaust gas properties to be processed, the screening catalytic performance is good, and the catalyst of catalysis time length is as the main carrier of main absorption-catalytic reaction.Commonly used have alumina support, silica-gel carrier, absorbent charcoal carrier and some natural products such as float stone, a diatomite etc.Kind of carrier is various, can be divided into high specific surface carrier and low specific surface area carrier.The hole structure of carrier can be divided into imporosity type, many pore types, and the latter has the branch of gross porosity, pore again.The porous carrier that the aperture is tiny, there is huge surface area its hole inside, helps making high activated catalyst, but pore is unfavorable for the diffusion of reactant and product molecule, will cause interior diffusion effect.When selecting for use in type carrier to make catalyst, therefore the shape of catalyst, in order to satisfy the requirement of reaction engineering characteristic, should select the carrier that is fit to moulding for use by the shape decision of carrier.
What the present invention adopted is that cellular special-shaped carrier is to increase the bearing capacity of catalyst.
In addition, because catalyst in use, destroyed original tissue and the structure of catalyst because of some physics and chemical action, catalyst can reduce or loss of activity, and this phenomenon is called catalyst decline or catalysqt deactivation.For example some impurity in the reactant and catalyst action or be covered in catalyst surface can make catalyst poisoning, cause the catalyst decline.Can handle with specific method behind some catalysqt deactivation, make catalyst regeneration, recover catalytic activity again; Can not regenerate behind some catalysqt deactivation.But all catalyst all have certain useful life, claim catalyst life.
The present invention adopts four kinds of methods to improve life of catalyst: 1, utilize the high activity of crossing of raw catelyst to increase the service life.Initiate catalyst activity is too high not only disadvantageous to producing, and has wasted the catalyst resource.Rationally utilize the method for its too high activity to be " repeatedly loading on a small quantity ", that is to say, when loading for the first time, satisfy the minimum flow of producing needs and get final product.2, utilize the spent catalyst residual activity to increase the service life.Although the activity of spent catalyst is very low, but the value of still having.Method is with the waste and old top that is placed on the new clothes catalyst, can utilize its residual activity on the one hand; Can be used as protective layer on the other hand, be used for filtering noxious material, can also prevent to pulverize because of pressure, level fluctuation cause catalyst too greatly.3, guarantee the stable of reactor preheat temperature, fluctuation is no more than preset temperature.4, held stationary is answered in operation, avoids frequent shutting down.
The present invention's absorption-catalytic integration technological design: through behind the bag-type dust, the gas that comes out only contains organic waste gas basically, design organic exhaust gas absorption-catalysis system in view of the above, its main equipment comprises blower fan, absorption-catalytic tower, mends air-cooler and operation switch board etc.System adopts two gas circuit continuous operations, if two absorption-catalytic towers can be used alternatingly, earlier organic exhaust gas is extracted into absorption-catalytic tower equipment with blower fan, and control certain speed, utilize then suction-operated with organic exhaust gas in the abundant contact catalysis oxidation of catalyst, absorption-catalytic tower equipment is controlled at certain temperature range and carries out catalytic oxidation, make it be converted into the organic substance that to carry out a biological disposal upon, when organic exhaust gas concentration reaches 2000PPm when above, organic exhaust gas can be kept nature in catalytic bed, need not heat outward, reach purpose of energy saving; Control system can be opened another absorption-catalytic tower equipment automatically and proceed the absorption of organic exhaust gas-catalysis work when absorption-catalytic tower equipment carried out desorption-catalysis therein, can realize the continuous operation of big workload with two tower switchover operations.
In the 4th step, it is the bio-trickling filter of filler that the organic exhaust gas after the processing of the 3rd step is sent into marine alga stone, through metabolic degradation, is converted into inorganic matter and cell component.
Bio-trickling filter discharges the advanced purification technology and the equipment of poisonous organic exhaust gas at the electronic waste recycling treatment; Research and development special efficacy bacteria agent, bio-carrier and novel reactor.
The organic exhaust gas that prior biological filter tank processing organic exhaust gas biology has certain humidity enters the biofilter, and by the thick biological active filling material layer of about 0.5～1m, organic pollution is transferred to biosphere from gas phase, and then oxidized decomposition.The packing layer of biofilter is the filtrate (as soil, compost, active carbon etc.) with adsorptivity.
The maximum difference of bio-trickling filter of the present invention and biofilter is a filler top spray circulation fluid. except that mass transport process, also there is very strong biodegradation in the equipment.Similar to the biofilter, what bio-trickling filter used is class fillers such as coarse crushing stone, plastics, pottery.The principle that bioanalysis is handled organic exhaust gas be microorganism with the energy or other nutrient of the organic component in the waste gas as its vital movement, through metabolic degradation, be converted into simple inorganic matter and cell component.The present invention by this technology of absorption-catalysis, will adopt bio-trickling filter to handle organic exhaust gas in conjunction with organic exhaust gas.Bio-trickling filter is to spray circulation fluid above filler, also has very strong biodegradation in the equipment except that mass transport process.What bio-trickling filter used is the specialty fillers of screening through autonomous research, and the surface of filler is the biomembrane of several millimeters thick of microbiota formation.Bio-trickling filter unit volume packing layer microorganism concn is higher, is suitable for handling the high load capacity organic exhaust gas.
Bioanalysis is handled organic exhaust gas, and filler (carrier) is the core component of bio-trickling filter, and it is selected for use and compound mode has appreciable impact to treatment effect.Filler is the core of biomembrane filled tower, and the quality of packed tower operating characteristics has direct relation, available following filler with selected filler: stainless steel ring, porcelain ring, haydite, marine alga stone, plastic hoop, cinder, lightweight pottery piece.
The present invention selects for use specific area big, because of the effective marine alga masonry of biofilm is a filler.Its genus polyporus material, and rough surface, surface wettability is good, can be microbial adhesion environment preferably is provided, and is fit to microbial growth, breeding.
Claims (1)
1. the method for preventing and treating of the harmful exhaust that produces of waste electrical equipment electronic product recycling is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) to the processing of the atmosphere suspended particulate substance of heavy-metal composite pollution: dry milling waste electrical equipment electronic product, capture dusty gas with the dust discharge cover, with blower fan dusty gas is sent into gravitational precipitator, make the bulky grain sedimentation, dusty gas enters sack cleaner along the air channel more afterwards, makes further separating of metallic particles and suspended particulate;
(2) step (1) is collected the heavy metal particles of separating with processing and deliver to the follow-up hybrid metal purifies and separates equipment of dry method recycling equipment, reclaim metal;
(3) organic exhaust gas of step (1) sack cleaner being separated is extracted into absorption-catalytic integration equipment with blower fan earlier, utilize then suction-operated with organic exhaust gas with the abundant contact catalysis oxidation of catalyst, make organic exhaust gas be converted into the organic substance that can carry out a biological disposal upon;
(4) organic exhaust gas after step (3) processing being sent into marine alga stone is the bio-trickling filter of filler, through metabolic degradation, is converted into inorganic matter and cell component.
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| CN201010521127XA CN102059043A (en) | 2010-10-22 | 2010-10-22 | Control method of harmful waste gas generated in recycling of waste electric and electronic products |
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| CN201010521127XA CN102059043A (en) | 2010-10-22 | 2010-10-22 | Control method of harmful waste gas generated in recycling of waste electric and electronic products |
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| CN108939810A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-12-07 | 安徽华星化工有限公司 | A kind of purification method containing benzene homologues exhaust gas |
| CN115338706A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-11-15 | 山东玲珑轮胎股份有限公司 | Tire grinding device with exhaust-gas treatment system |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102600708A (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2012-07-25 | 杭州恒明环境技术有限公司 | High-efficiency low-cost purification process of flue gas |
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| CN102527337A (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2012-07-04 | 天津市嘉腾环保设备有限公司 | Compound adsorbent grain and production method thereof |
| CN108939810A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-12-07 | 安徽华星化工有限公司 | A kind of purification method containing benzene homologues exhaust gas |
| CN115338706A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-11-15 | 山东玲珑轮胎股份有限公司 | Tire grinding device with exhaust-gas treatment system |
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Application publication date: 20110518 |