CN102059017B - Double screw dehydrating equipment capable of realizing dehydrating, drying and puffing processes - Google Patents
Double screw dehydrating equipment capable of realizing dehydrating, drying and puffing processes Download PDFInfo
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- CN102059017B CN102059017B CN201010581862XA CN201010581862A CN102059017B CN 102059017 B CN102059017 B CN 102059017B CN 201010581862X A CN201010581862X A CN 201010581862XA CN 201010581862 A CN201010581862 A CN 201010581862A CN 102059017 B CN102059017 B CN 102059017B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
- B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
- B30B9/16—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing operating with two or more screws or worms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
- B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
- B30B9/121—Screw constructions
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Abstract
The invention relates to double screw dehydrating equipment capable of realizing dehydrating, drying and puffing processes, comprising a power source, a reduction gear mechanism, a screw machine barrel pair, a rack, a forced volume control feeding device, a dehydrating and filtering device, a degassing device, a nose pressure control device and an automatic control system. The power source is connected with two screws in the screw machine barrel pair by virtue of the reduction gear mechanism, the forced feeding device is connected with a machine barrel in the screw machine barrel pair, and the two screws are arranged in the machine barrel; the machine barrel is of a sectional type and is divided into a feeding machine barrel, a dehydrating machine barrel and an exhaust machine barrel; each machine barrel section is externally provided with a heating device, and each machine barrel is internally provided with a cooling water runner used for cooling; the dehydrating and filtering device is connected with the dehydrating machine barrel and is provided with a rapid filter screen replacing device; the degassing device is connected with the exhaust machine barrel, a water ring vacuum pump is utilized to realize negative pressure degasification, and a filter screen and the rapid filter screen replacing device are arranged to prevent materials from flowing out along with the negative pressure; and the nose pressure control device is connected with the outlet of the machine barrel and controls the pressure of the materials at the outlet by adjusting the position of a damping plate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the dewater unit that material dewaters, drying process reduces moisture content, relate to material friction fragmentation simultaneously, extrude expanded molding device expanded, breaking-wall cell high-moisture percentage.
Background technology
Extrusion dehydration is to utilize mechanical compress, and the thickness solidliquid mixture is separated into the operation of solid and liquid through filter cloth, is the solid-liquid separation technique that a kind of height takes off liquid.Be widely used in fields such as chemical industry, metallurgy, mine, the energy, dyestuff, pigment, inorganic chemical industry, petrochemical industry, biochemical industry, pharmacy, food, environmental protection and sewage disposal.
Squeezing dehydration device commonly used at present can be divided into three kinds in cartridge type/plate and frame type filter-press, belt filter press, continuous helical filter press etc.
Cartridge type/plate and frame type filter-press is that structure is the most a kind of in the dewatering machine of using always.Mainly be to utilize the slip of hydraulic means in cartridge filter to apply constant compression force, and keep a period of time, again filter cake is taken out.Its advantage is and can controls the dewatering process process comparatively easily, and can guarantee the stability through squeezing back rate of cake moisture content.Major defect is that expressing process is discontinuous, and production efficiency is not high.In the filter-press dehydration process for the biological species material,, will form moisture caking, so cartridge type/plate and frame type filter-press can only be reduced to material water ratio about 70% from about 90% because material particles is tiny.
Belt filter press also is a kind of press filtration machinery comparatively commonly used, utilizes the Double-level Reticulated strap clamp that slip is squeezed and shear action is carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid on the extrusion dehydration roller.Advantage is to squeeze continuously slip; Production efficiency is high than cartridge type/plate and frame type filter-press, but its structure is comparatively complicated and be open, plant maintenance complicacy and slip had certain suitable requirement; If the slip moisture content is too high or mobile excessive; Material will flow out along with pressure process, can't set up filter pressure, and belt filter press can't be suitable for.
The continuous helical filter press mainly contains the cylinder of a screw rod and a band seepage flow face and forms.When screw rod rotated, material was squeezed and liquid is oozed out from the seepage flow face, reduced the water capacity of filter cake, was the separation machinery that a kind of height takes off liquid.Slip and filter cake are in multidimensional squeezing state in such machinery.Continuous helical filter press automaticity in operation is high, structure is comparatively simple, has the advantage of energy-saving and environmental protection.But the continuous helical filter press is high to the sensitiveness of material in actual production, and processing high humidity height phenomenons such as feed back or material bag roller occur when gluing material easily, causes the pressure of material in expressing process not high enough.
Summary of the invention
To the problem that cartridge type/plate and frame type filter-press production efficiency is not high, the present invention has realized the serialization production of extrusion dehydration.Simultaneously because screw rod for the stirring of material, has avoided moisture to be closed in the inner situation of material group.Therefore for the material not strong to the moisture content adsorptivity, extrusion dehydration effect and efficient are better than cartridge type/plate and frame type filter-press.For the strong material of moisture content adsorptivity, though after simple extrusion dehydration effect not as cartridge type/plate and frame type filter-press, combined the thermal dehydration effect, whole dewatering efficiency was higher than cartridge type/plate and frame type filter-press.
, complex structure big to the belt filter press floor space, to the inapplicable problem of high-moisture percentage material, the present invention has realized the airtight dehydration to material, occupation area of equipment is little, and is all applicable for the material of different water cut rate.
For the not strong problem of high-moisture percentage material applicability, the present invention has realized building the pressure effect preferably through the design and the combination of screwing element to the continuous helical filter press.Through filter-press dehydration and thermal dehydration are combined, improved the effect and the production efficiency of dehydration, the double simultaneously shear action of utilizing realizes multinomial functions such as the material friction is broken, it is expanded to extrude, breaking-wall cell.
At device such as the accompanying drawing 1 that the present invention designed, this equipment comprises frame 1, motor 2, reduction gear 3, twin-screw 4-1, machine barrel pair; Equipment is fixed on the frame 1; Motor 2 links to each other with reduction gear 3 through transmission device, and the output shaft of reduction gear 3 and twin-screw 4-1 in the machine barrel pair pass through spline housing or shaft coupling downlink connection mutually, and screw rod stretches in each machine barrel; Connect with bolt between the machine barrel
It is characterized in that the machine barrel pair comprises it being reinforced machine barrel 4-2, dehydration machine barrel 6-2, atmospheric exhaust machine barrel 8 and negative pressure exhaust machine barrel 9 successively; Perhaps the machine barrel pair comprises reinforced machine barrel 4-2, dehydration machine barrel 6-2 and atmospheric exhaust machine barrel 8 successively; Have charging aperture on the reinforced machine barrel, have osculum on the dehydration machine barrel, the osculum place is equipped with sieve tray and filter medium; Have steam vent on atmospheric exhaust machine barrel and the negative pressure exhaust machine barrel; In exhaust ports sieve plate and filter medium are arranged, on the exhaust outlet of negative pressure exhaust machine barrel, also have vacuum extractor; And be equipped with the steam vent of mounting filtering medium, at the screw rod port of export head pressure control device 10 is housed;
Screw rod comprises screw mandrel, forward conveying screwing element 11, reverse thread element 12, mediates block element 13, mixing screwing element 14, screw head 15, damping element 16; Each screwing element is installed on the screw mandrel; Compress by screw head; According to the state of material in spiro rod machine tube screw rod is divided into 3 zones successively, the first area of said screw rod is in reinforced machine barrel 4-2 and dehydration machine barrel 6-2, and it should be provided with reverse thread element or damping element in the position that osculum is arranged; Reverse thread element and damping element perhaps are set simultaneously are used to build pressure, all the other regional elements use the forward screwing element;
Described screw rod second area is provided with the forward screwing element simultaneously and mediates block element, mediates the block element position at machine barrel discharge outlet place, and the length of forward screwing element should be the twice of mediating block element length at least;
Described screw rod the 3rd zone, the 3rd regional internal thread comprises the forward screwing element, in the steam vent position kneading block element is set simultaneously, near the screw rod exit mixing elements is being set;
Described head pressure control device 10 is characterized in that voltage operated device is installed in the screw rod exit, and the perforate size with hydraulic pressure or the outlet of mechanical system control screw rod is provided with flow channel for liquids below outlet; This equipment also is connected with screw speed, moment of torsion, and each section pressure in the machine barrel, temperature is monitored and control automatic control system and to the heater of machine barrel heating.Twin-screw 4-1 is made up of elements such as screw mandrel, forward screw thread, reverse thread, mixing screw thread, damping screw thread, kneading pieces; The moment of torsion that screw rod is born when rotating mainly comes from moisture content and is lower than 25% material part, and the desirable scope of screw slenderness ratio is 46-60.Can screw rod be divided into 3 zones according to the state of material in spiro rod machine tube; Material water ratio is higher in the first screw rod district, act as the master with filter-press dehydration, and material water ratio reduces in the second screw rod district; The filter-press dehydration effect has acted on not quite; Be main with the heating evaporation scavenging action mainly, material water ratio is very low in the 3rd screw rod zone, is main with mixing, fragmentation and expansion effect.
The first screw rod district carries screw thread, oppositely builds the compound action of pressing screw thread, dehydration damping screw thread through forward, realize to water-containing materials continue to build pressure, and, moisture is deviate from through the water conservancy diversion of dehydration machine barrel 6-2 and the filtration of filter medium 6-1 among the machine barrel 4-2.This effect can reduce to 40%~75% with the moisture content of moisture content 90% above material according to the difference of material characteristic.
In the second screw rod district, if material is heated, utilize devolatilizing barrel 8 and 9 that boil-off gas is discharged through machine barrel, can further the moisture content of material be reduced to 5%~15%.In the 3rd screw rod district, material water ratio is lower, through the control of head pressure control device 10, can make material produce expansion effect.Be reduced to 25% when following when the moisture content of material simultaneously, can use mixing elements can to material produce shear mixing.For general material, shear the mixing material that can make and fully stir, broken material filter cake group, it is inner to avoid moisture to be closed in the material filter cake, thereby promotes dehydrating effect; And, shear the mixing intercellular friction that can produce for the biological species material, and change the cell membrane inside and outside differential pressure that is caused in conjunction with temperature, pressure, can produce breaking-wall cell effect preferably.
Begin in the screw rod exit, being exported to charge door with screw rod is forward, then from the screw rod exit about 2/3 of first segment machine barrel to screw rod total length be the 2nd screw rod district, 2 above exhaust apparatus need be set at least.Demands of different according to material being handled output can design 4-5 exhaust apparatus in case of necessity.Exhaust apparatus can be selected atmospheric exhaust machine barrel 8 or 9 two kinds of exhaust modes of negative pressure exhaust machine barrel according to the characteristics of material.Though big more the closer to the screw rod outlet pressure, because exhaust apparatus has sieve plate and filter medium 7, do not worry that therefore material leaks material at exhaust outlet.In the exhaust apparatus position near the screw rod outlet, because material water ratio is lower, the screw flight element can use the kneading block element, so that strengthen exhaust effect; If natural exhaust effect is bad, just need connect vavuum pump.And,, can use forward to carry screwing element, and can use the nature exhaust because material water ratio is higher at exhaust apparatus away from the screw rod outlet.
Beginning from charge door, is forward with charge door to the screw rod outlet., be the 1st screw rod district then, the dehydrated mouth more than 1 need be set at least to+1/2 screw rod total length position from charge door forward the 1st joint machine barrel.(charge door is between screw rod and distributor box coupling part, and the negative sense of charge door need be provided with 1 dehydration machine barrel and dehydrated mouth at the charge door rear portion simultaneously.If material is not strong to the adsorption capacity of moisture, dehydration location can be near charge door, even is concentrated in the dewater unit of charge door negative sense; And if material is very capable to water adsorption, moisture can not form and flow freely, and then dehydration is concentrated in the dewater unit at screw rod middle part.
The use of pressure/control amount feeding device mainly is the not smooth or too small situation of material viscosity to Flow of Goods and Materials.If Flow of Goods and Materials is not smooth, the supply oral area that can be connected with machine barrel at feeding device adheres to, and forms arch formation; At this moment just need be through forcing reinforced the conveying; And can shorten the length of underfill section in the screw rod, and improve the fullness rate of material in the screw rod section of the being full of screw channel, strengthen building the pressure effect; Increase the machine barrel thermal conduction effect, impel the steam of evaporation to discharge to exhaust apparatus.And when material viscosity was too small, material fluidity was good excessively, at this moment need prevent that material is full of charge door through pressure/control amount feeding device control feeding quantity, caused moisture to be difficult for discharging.
The head pressure control device is mainly regulated the material outlet pressure through damping sheet.When to machine barrel heating, thereby when material carried out dehydration by evaporation, the material water ratio in screw rod exit was reduced to 5%-15% basically; Material presents the solid friction mobile status basically; The damping sheet of head pressure control device should be set to the big degree that opens wide, and extrudes resistance to reduce material, the control screw torque.And if not to machine barrel heating, when mainly leaning on the screw rod extruding that material is carried out filter-press dehydration, the damping sheet of head pressure control device should be set to big closure, to guarantee that material built the pressure effect.
The automatic control system of this device is primarily aimed at screw speed, moment of torsion, and each section pressure in the machine barrel, temperature is monitored and control, and wherein emphasis is monitoring screw torque and each section of machine barrel pressure.Therefore because the main task of device is to material dewatering, the temperature of each section of machine barrel is carried out the meaning of segmentation control and little.As long as each barrel zone temperature is controlled at about 110 ℃, just can realize dehydration by evaporation to material.And in order to keep the activity of material, the setting of typical temperature should not be above 130 ℃.Owing to need not carry out the machine barrel sectional temperature control, use the Electric heating cost higher, can use the mode of Steam Heating or heat-conducting oil heating to carry out the machine barrel heating, and carry out whole temperature control.
The twin-screw 4-1 that the present invention relates to, a kind of compound mode of its screwing element is shown in accompanying drawing 2, the screwing element at the charge door place should use forward to carry screw thread 11, at the discharge outlet place for strengthen to material build the pressure effect, can use one section reverse thread 12.Continue to use forward screw thread convey materials then.Even when being necessary, can use damping element 16, with further reinforcement material built the pressure effect.In the stage of twin-screw 4-1 near outlet, material begins heat de-airing, and moisture content is lower, and is mobile relatively poor, so the screw thread in this stage is main with the forward screw thread mainly.But in the exhaust outlet position, discharge, can use and mediate block element 13 in order more to help gas.And before outlet near screw head 15 positions, can use mixing elements 14, strengthen compounding effect to material.
Description of drawings
The twin-screw dewater unit that Fig. 1 the present invention is designed;
Fig. 2 embodiments of the invention one sketch map;
Fig. 3 embodiments of the invention two sketch mapes.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 2 is one embodiment of the present of invention.Frame 1, motor 2, reduction gear 3, reinforced machine barrel 4-2 and head voltage operated device 10 do not draw in the drawings.Equipment is fixed on the frame 1; Power source motor 2 links to each other with reduction gear 3 through transmission device; Twin-screw 4-1 in the output shaft of reduction gear 3 and the spiro rod machine tube pair connects with bolt between each machine barrel parts dewaterer tube, atmospheric exhaust machine barrel and the negative pressure exhaust machine barrel in the machine barrel pair through spline housing or shaft coupling downlink connection mutually, also can the machine barrel pair be designed to all-in-one-piece; At whole machine barrel secondary diverse location perforate and installation dehydration medium, use as exhaust and dewatering hole.The head pressure control device connects with bolt and machine barrel parafacies.Twin-screw 4-1 is made up of elements such as screw mandrel, forward screw thread 11, reverse thread 12, kneading piece 13, mixing screw thread 14, screw head 15, damping screw threads 16.Can screw rod be divided into 3 zones according to the state of material in spiro rod machine tube; Material water ratio is higher in the 1st screw rod district, act as the master with filter-press dehydration, and material water ratio reduces in the 2nd screw rod district; The filter-press dehydration effect has acted on not quite; Be main with the heating evaporation scavenging action mainly, material water ratio is very low in the 3rd screw rod zone, is main with mixing, fragmentation and expansion effect.According to the heterogeneity of dehydrated material, like water content, viscosity and to adsorption capacity of water etc., the length of each screwing element, placement location etc. all can change to some extent.The combination of the screwing element of this embodiment is as shown in Figure 2: the screwing element at the charge door place should use forward to carry screw thread 11, at the discharge outlet place for strengthen to material build the pressure effect, can use one section reverse thread 12.Continue to use forward screw thread convey materials then.Afterwards through one group of forward screw thread excessively, re-use damping element 14, with further reinforcement material built the press-dehydrating effect.In the stage of twin-screw 4-1 near outlet, material begins heat de-airing, and moisture content is lower, and is mobile relatively poor, so the screw thread in this stage is main with forward conveying screw thread mainly.In the steam vent position, discharge in order more to help gas, use and mediate block element 13.Before outlet,, use mixing elements 14, strengthen compounding effect material near screw head 15 positions.In screw rod the 2nd zone, 2 above exhaust apparatus need be set at least.Demands of different according to material being handled output can design several exhaust apparatus in case of necessity.Exhaust apparatus can select to connect vavuum pump negative pressure exhaust (negative pressure exhaust machine barrel 9 or directly open nature exhaust (atmospheric exhaust machine barrel 8 dual modes according to the characteristics of material.Though big more the closer to the screw rod outlet pressure, because exhaust apparatus has sieve plate and exhaust gas filter medium 7, do not worry that therefore material leaks material at exhaust outlet.In the exhaust apparatus position near the screw rod outlet, because material water ratio is lower, the screw flight element uses mediates block element, so that strengthen exhaust effect.At the exhaust apparatus away from the screw rod outlet, material water ratio is higher, can use forward to carry screwing element, and can use the nature exhaust.
On the charging aperture of reinforced machine barrel, place and force feeding device 5, under or the situation that material viscosity is too small smooth, install the dehydrating effect that this device can improve equipment to a great extent additional in Flow of Goods and Materials.
The automatic control system of this device is primarily aimed at screw speed, moment of torsion, and each section pressure in the machine barrel, temperature is monitored and control, and wherein emphasis is monitoring screw torque and each section of machine barrel pressure.Therefore because the main task of device is to material dewatering, the temperature of each section of machine barrel is carried out the meaning of segmentation control and little.As long as each barrel zone temperature is controlled at about 110 ℃, just can realize dehydration by evaporation to material.And in order to keep the activity of material, the setting of typical temperature should not be above 130 ℃.Use thermocouple or other temperature sensors that temperature in the machine barrel is monitored; Owing to need not carry out the machine barrel sectional temperature control; Use the Electric heating cost higher, can use the mode of Steam Heating or heat-conducting oil heating to carry out the machine barrel heating, and carry out whole temperature control; Measured temperature of charge selection is heated steam or is cooled off according to temperature sensor, to guarantee that temperature of charge is relatively stable in the machine barrel.At each machine tube inner wall chuck is set, logical steam or conduction oil in the chuck heat or cooling material through the heat exchange of steam or conduction oil and material.
Embodiment two
Fig. 3 is an alternative embodiment of the invention, is used for the dehydration of mobile water-containing materials preferably and expanded.The screw rod porch is not provided with feeding device, utilizes gravity filling.In the screw rod first area, replace damping element with reverse thread, and increased a reverse thread element, be equivalent to increase the screw rod first area.Corresponding machine barrel has replaced the negative pressure exhaust machine barrel with the atmospheric exhaust machine barrel in screw rod second and the 3rd zone, and all is provided with the kneading block element so that exhaust has smoothly reduced power consumption simultaneously at the steam vent place.All the other screw flight elements and machine barrel configuration are with embodiment one.
Claims (2)
- One kind can realize dewatering, the twin-screw dehydration equipment of dry, bulking process, this equipment comprises that frame (1), motor (2), reduction gear (3), twin-screw (4-1), machine barrel are secondary; Equipment is fixed on the frame (1); Motor (2) links to each other with reduction gear (3) through transmission device, and the output shaft of reduction gear (3) is connected through spline housing or shaft coupling with twin-screw (4-1) in the machine barrel pair, and screw rod stretches in each machine barrel; Connect with bolt between the machine barrelIt is characterized in that the machine barrel pair comprises it being reinforced machine barrel (4-2), dehydration machine barrel (6-2), atmospheric exhaust machine barrel (8) and negative pressure exhaust machine barrel (9) successively; Perhaps the machine barrel pair comprises reinforced machine barrel (4-2), dehydration machine barrel (6-2) and atmospheric exhaust machine barrel (8) successively; Have charging aperture on the reinforced machine barrel, have osculum on the dehydration machine barrel, the osculum place is equipped with sieve tray and filter medium; Have steam vent on atmospheric exhaust machine barrel and the negative pressure exhaust machine barrel; At the steam vent place sieve plate and filter medium are arranged, on the steam vent of negative pressure exhaust machine barrel, also have vacuum extractor; And be equipped with the steam vent of mounting filtering medium, at the screw rod port of export head pressure control device (10) is housed;Screw rod carries screwing element (11), reverse thread element (12), kneading block element (13), mixing screwing element (14), screw head (15), damping element (16) to form by screw mandrel, forward; Each screwing element is installed on the screw mandrel; Compress by screw head; According to the state of material in spiro rod machine tube screw rod is divided into 3 zones successively, the first area of screw rod is in reinforced machine barrel (4-2) and dehydration machine barrel (6-2), and it should be provided with reverse thread element or damping element in the position that osculum is arranged; Reverse thread element and damping element perhaps are set simultaneously are used to build pressure, all the other regional elements use the forward screwing element;The screw rod second area is provided with the forward screwing element simultaneously and mediates block element, mediates the block element position at machine barrel osculum place, and the length of forward screwing element should be the twice of mediating block element length at least;Screw rod the 3rd zone, the 3rd regional internal thread comprises the forward screwing element, in the steam vent position kneading block element is set simultaneously, near the screw rod exit mixing elements is being set;Described head pressure control device (10) is characterized in that voltage operated device is installed in the screw rod exit, and the perforate size with hydraulic pressure or the outlet of mechanical system control screw rod is provided with flow channel for liquids below outlet; This equipment also is connected with screw speed, moment of torsion, and each section pressure in the machine barrel, temperature is monitored and control automatic control system and to the heater of machine barrel heating.
- 2. as claimed in claim 1ly realize dewatering, the twin-screw dehydration equipment of dry, bulking process, should feeding device (5) be set at reinforced machine barrel charging aperture place.
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CN201010581862XA CN102059017B (en) | 2010-12-10 | 2010-12-10 | Double screw dehydrating equipment capable of realizing dehydrating, drying and puffing processes |
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CN201010581862XA CN102059017B (en) | 2010-12-10 | 2010-12-10 | Double screw dehydrating equipment capable of realizing dehydrating, drying and puffing processes |
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CN102059017B true CN102059017B (en) | 2012-05-09 |
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CN2145202Y (en) * | 1992-11-20 | 1993-11-03 | 黄茂森 | Improved structure of extruding hydroextractor |
CN1529679A (en) * | 2001-06-21 | 2004-09-15 | �����̬��Ʒ����˾ | Device for thickening or dewatering sludge, watery, sediments or the like, espeically surplus sludge in sewage treantment plants |
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