CN102057156A - 波能量转换设备 - Google Patents

波能量转换设备 Download PDF

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CN102057156A
CN102057156A CN2009801204446A CN200980120444A CN102057156A CN 102057156 A CN102057156 A CN 102057156A CN 2009801204446 A CN2009801204446 A CN 2009801204446A CN 200980120444 A CN200980120444 A CN 200980120444A CN 102057156 A CN102057156 A CN 102057156A
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苏光·赤
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/181Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation
    • F03B13/1815Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation with an up-and-down movement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F03B13/187Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem and the wom directly actuates the piston of a pump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/02Other machines or engines using hydrostatic thrust
    • F03B17/025Other machines or engines using hydrostatic thrust and reciprocating motion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Abstract

本发明提供一种通过漂浮置于例如海水,海洋或者类似的水中的结构,以转换波能量为电能量。该结构包括一漂浮本体以漂浮和稳定该结构在水中,其中提供一平台以容纳和安装波转换系统和机构。该机构包括多个随着波运动的浮筒。

Description

波能量转换设备
技术领域
本发明关于波能量转换设备,且更具体的关于置于水体内部的结构,如海水,海洋或者类似的将波能量和运动转换为电能量。
背景技术
波能量是被认为可以重复利用的具有巨大资源的可以转换为电的能量。波的推动运动可以转换成连续的电能。已知多种采用不同的方案将波转换为电能。
通常,波能量转换设备被布置在海或着洋里面,这取决于波的强度和波的力量,例如风暴和下雨。作为一个波能量转换设备应该是经济和可以实现的,其必须能够承受那些破坏力,以在转换能量的同时保护设备免遭破坏。
本发明的目的在于提供一种可以适应上述环境要求的结构,通过有效的利用波的长度和波的宽度。
发明内容
根据本发明,一种置于水体内部的结构,例如海水,海洋或者类似的,以将波的能量和/或运动转换为电能量,包括静止在水中的飘浮本体,以飘浮和支撑该结构。飘浮本体包括具有用作水压载的底船壳体和侧船壳体的双分层的船壳体。船壳体被整合形成一个开口端的腔,其具有开口端以允许波自该结构的一端到另一端穿经过该腔。在腔的每一端上具有开口以允许波通过。多个浮筒被提供在所述腔中,以允许该浮筒被腔内部的流经波所推动。通过提供位于腔内部的浮筒,浮筒被得到保护以比避免来自扰动波侧面猛推冲击的影响。
底船壳体具有非常宽的平表面以充当巨大的缓冲器,以稳定该结构,阻止该结构随着波运动而带走或者移动和上下波动。
该结构的上部提供有一平台,以容纳和安装多个能量转换系统,波能量转换机构同波能量转换系统相配合以转换波能量或者运动能为电能。波能量转换机构可以选用,但不仅限于,将波的移动运动转换并传输为往复运动的机构。波转换系统可以选用,但不仅限于,转换往复运动并生成电能的系统。
浮筒独立的绕位于浮筒的首部和尾部之间的固定点枢轴转动,以允许当被波所推动式连续的摆动运动。即将来临的浪头将向上抬升浮筒的首部,而同时浮筒的尾部将向下沉入前面的波谷中。这就是浮筒的长度是波浪头之间距离的一半的原因。当浪头朝向尾部运行以将其抬升时,首部将沉入即将来临的波谷中。下一个节将来临的浪头将再次把首部抬起。这种循环将花费大约15秒左右。
根据本发明,当浮筒绕枢轴摆动时,浮筒的转换运动将通过曲柄机构传送往复或者旋转运动,这将推动液压活塞泵的活塞上下运动。至少两个曲柄机构被提供在固定的枢轴间,这样往复运动将在曲柄机构间交替。
液压系统是选择将海波能量转换成电能的系统,因为该系统提供清洁、整洁和高效的能量转换系统。在给系统中的汹涌将通过采用压力收集器来平化,其将使得在发电设备内的可控速度和扭矩。
海或洋波中的潜在能量通过以下公式来计算:
功率/米宽度波前端=K x h2 x t
其中K似乎常数0.5,h是米计量的波长(通过测量浪头和波谷);和t是以秒计的浪头到波谷间的时间。
为了生产更多的电能,多个浮筒被提供在腔中。浮筒被构造成在底部具有宽的和平的表面,以抓住或吸收推动浮筒的波的能量。
相应的,每个浮筒的前面部分必须是相对能量重载波的冲击呈向右的角度。浮筒的长度必须是不长于波浪头间距离的一半。每个浮筒的首尾部分优选的是相同的重量和长度,这样浮筒将会轻松的返回其平衡位置。
附图说明
本发明将通过实施例和同附的附图进行说明,其中:
图1是置于水体中的机构构的正视图,例如海用以转换波能量为电能量,其具有所示的安装在其上的波能量转换机构。
图2是波能量转换机构的侧视图,其带有浮筒被波所推动。
图3是波能量转换机构的侧视图,被锁机构锁固定。
图4a是图3中A-A方向的剖面图,显示的是波能量转换机构的布局。
图4b是图3中B-B方向的剖面图,显示的把持部件,其把持着浮筒。
图5是显示连接到波能量转换机构的能量转换系统的结构示意图,以及提供在结构上的设备。
图6是图1中C-C方向的剖面图,显示的是浮筒的布置和水自底部流动的示意图。
图7是图1中C-C方向的剖面图,显示的是安装有漏斗延伸部件的结构。
具体实施方式
本发明关于波能量转换设备,且更具体的关于置于水体中的结构,例如海或者洋或者类似。该结构具有多个安装在其上的波能量转换系统和机构,以转换波能量和运动为电能。
各种对此处描述的实施例和原则和特征变化将对本领域的技术人员显而易见。因此,本发明不是试图限制所示的实施例,而是更好的确定通过此处描述所包含的最大的范围的原则和特征。
首先参考图1,其显示了置于水体中的用以转换波为电能的结构的正面视图,其带有多个波能量转换机构(105)固定在平台(101)上。该结构包括飘浮本体静止在水中,以在水中飘浮和支撑该结构。飘浮本体包括具有用作水压载的底船壳体(109)和侧船壳体(107)的双分层的船壳体。
底船壳体和侧船壳体形成一个开口端的腔(113)。在腔的每一端上具有开口以允许波通过。腔(113)具有U型横截面,其中垂直的侧船壳体(107)自位于结构上部的平台向下延伸,整体连接水平底船壳体(109),在结构的底部。
多个浮筒被提供在腔内部以被流经腔的波所推动。固定把持部件被提供以把持定位浮筒,这样浮筒悬挂在腔内部。波和水自一端的口端进入并在另一端的另一个口端离开腔。
底船壳体(109)具有一宽的平的表面,以作为一个巨大的缓冲器以稳定该结构,这样它阻止了该结构被带走或者移动和随着波的运动上下波动。通过水压载装置,浮筒被保持在水的表面上(117)。根据本发明,该结构不需要被坚固的锚固在海或者洋床上,而是必须飘浮和随着潮汐上下运动。
平台包括多个甲板,具有上甲板(101)和下甲板(103)用以容纳和把持多个能量转换系统。每个系统直接同波能量机构相直接连接以产生电能。
如图2所示,多个浮筒被固定在波能量转换机构(105)。浮筒(201)被独自绕位于浮筒的头部和尾部端间的固定点回转,以允许连续的摆动动作,当被一系列的波浪头所推动时。首先,首部被推动(211),同时尾部向下(209),然后随着波浪头冲向尾部,尾部将升起随着首部向下。这种首尾摆动重复的无休止的进行,每一循环或者每15秒。至少一个把持部件(207)提供用以把持浮筒定位,这样浮筒将一直保持在水面上。
当浮筒(201)绕轴摆动时,浮筒的转换运动将通过曲柄机构(204)转换成往复或者旋转运动,其将推动液压活塞泵的活塞(203b)上下移动。至少两个曲柄机构(204)提供在首尾,介于固定轴间,这样往复运动在曲柄机构(204)间交替进行。通过此种方式,浮筒(201)的摆动运动被有效的利用。
液压系统在产生电能的系统中是一优选,因为该系统提供清洁,整洁和有效率的能量转换系统,这样液压的冲击被平滑处理,通过使用压力收集器,其结果是可控的速度和扭矩用以电能的生产。
浮筒的长度必须不大于波浪头之间距离的一半。每一个浮筒首尾部分优选的相等的长度和宽度,这样浮筒可以轻松的返回到平衡位置。
如图2所示,浮筒的长度是两连续浪头(211)之间具体的一半。当波自首部到尾部冲过腔,浮筒的首部被浪头所向上推,尾部将沉入前面波的谷中。因此,这将每一个浮筒绕这固定转轴有连续的、交替的首/尾摆动运动,通过计算附着在固定转轴的半浮筒长度被推起的杠杆运动机械能,巨大的液压力将被转换到抵抗这一运动的液压泵的活塞。大多的波能将被用作克服液压泵活塞的阻力。
浮筒具有宽和平的底表面,以用以抓取尽量多的波能量。并且,每一个浮筒的前面部分必须是相对能量重载波的冲击呈向右的角度。浮筒的首部被构造呈具有倾斜的表面(301)。而且,栏杆(205)提供用以保护把持部件和机构免于扰动波。
为了工作之目的,浮筒被构造呈固定的。浮筒通过提供的接收锁臂(303)的固定柱(304)被锁紧,如图3所示。在工作期间,锁臂自平台延伸以互锁浮筒。锁臂还提供有柱,其可自锁臂延伸以互锁通过较长的把持部件隔开距离的浮筒。下甲板与上甲板相隔,以允许人可以在上行走并进入波能量转换机构和能量转换系统。
图4a显示的是浮筒的正面视图,显示的是在浮筒上的波能量转换机构的布局。为了得到一系列的往复运动并相应产生电能,多个波能量转换机构被提供在浮筒上。如图4b所示,一对把持部件被提供用以把持住浮筒。
如图5所示,上甲板(101)是一个开口的区域。该区域提供有直升机起降台(507),仓库(511),用以吊车定位的区域(513),电变站(515),和员工站(509)。能量转换系统包括压力收集器(501),高压液力管线(500),发电机(502),液压马达(503),低压液力管线(506),油冷却器(504)和油库(505)。该系统被固定在上下甲板间的的区域内。传输线被提供以传输自电变站(515)到路上站的电能。
多个浮筒被提供在腔(113)内以用于在腔内的波的经过。更多的浮筒意味着更多的往复运动将被提供用于生产和转换和而后更多的电能可以被制造。浮筒被布置成有效的利用进入第一开口端(613a)和离开第二开口端(613b)的波和水流截面(601)。如图6所示,附图被成对布置,其中对布置成系列的彼此平行。后续的优选的相对第一系列具有或多或少的对布置。如图6所示,第一系列具有相对第二系列更多的成对浮筒,而第二系列具有比第三系列少的成对浮筒。
漏斗延伸装置被提供在前开口端(613a)处以收集更多的前方波,以使得更多的具有能量的波进入腔(113),如图7所示。

Claims (27)

1.一种置于水体上的结构,例如海或者海洋,以将波的能量转换为电能量,包括:
一支撑该结构并形成一腔的飘浮本体。
多个能量转换机构,以转换波的运动为连续的往复运动;
多个能量转换系统,以配合波能量机构产生电能;和
一平台,以容纳定位波能量转换机构和波能量转换系统。
2.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,该漂浮本体还包括具有用作水压载的底船壳体(109)和侧船壳体的双分层的船壳体(107),其中所述侧船壳体自平台(101,103)向下延伸并整体同底船壳体连接,以形成具有U型横截面的所述腔。
3.如权利要求2所述的结构,其特征在于,所述底船壳体具有宽的平的表面以相对波的运动缓冲该结构。
4.如权利要求2所述的结构,其特征在于,所述腔在一端具有开口并在另一端具有一开口,以允许水流进并通过所述腔。
5.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,所述波能量转换结构包括曲柄机构和可随着波移动的浮筒。
6.如权利要求4所述的结构,其特征在于,所述浮筒当被波推动时,将绕着一枢轴上下摆动。
7.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,所述平台包括具有上甲板和下甲板的多个甲板。
8.如权利要求2所述的结构,其特征在于,所述船壳体(109,107)内的水压载平衡了该结构,以使得浮筒总是同水表面相接触。
9.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,所述能量转换系统包括高压和低压液压管线(500,506),发电机(502),液压马达(503),压力收集器(501),油冷却器(504)和油库(505)。
10.如权利要求5所述的结构,其特征在于,所述能量转换系统被固定在上下甲板间所提供的空间内。
11.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,所述平台具有上甲板(101)以提供用于直升飞机平台(507),起重机和仓库室(511),员工站(509)和变电站(515)以用于向陆地传输电能,下甲板(103)以允许员工步行并进入波能量转换机构(105)。
12.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,在发电厂所产生的电能通过传输线自电变站(515)被传输到路上站。
13.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,每一个浮筒(201)通过至少一个自平台(101,103))延伸的把持部件(207)所把持,并在浮筒(201)中间点枢轴转动,以使得浮筒(201)随着波(209,211)自由移动,并配合至少一个曲柄机构(204)。
14.如权利要求9所述的结构,其特征在于,所述曲柄机构推动液压活塞泵的活塞上下运动。
15.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,所述往复运动在浮筒的首尾间交替进行。
16.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,浮筒(201)具有平的底表面和在浮筒的首部以面向波浪头(211)的倾斜表面(301)。
17.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,所述浮筒(201)具有保护把持部件(207)和波能量转换机构(105)的水栏杆(205),以免受汹涌波的冲击影响。
18.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,所述结构被提供有漏斗延伸装置(701),以允许波在进入腔(113)之前从宽的截面进入到窄的截面。
19.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,所述平台提供有锁臂,其提供在浮筒首和尾的上部,以在工作期间稳定浮筒。
20.如权利要求1所述的结构,其特征在于,所述锁臂还被提供有可以自锁臂延伸的柱,以互锁浮筒。
21.一种转换波能量为电能量的方法,包括:
在海水,海洋或类似中漂浮一结构;
在所述结构中形成一腔(113),带有开口端以允许水和波穿过;
转换并传输波的运动为往复运动,通过安置在腔内的机构;和
平衡该机构以允许所述机构能够被腔中的流经的波所推动。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,所述漂浮所述结构是通过使用一具有底船壳体和侧船壳体的双分层的船壳体。
23.如权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,所述形成的腔的界定是由:至少两个垂直的侧船壳体向下延伸整体连接一水平底船壳体以形成具有U型截面。
24.如权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,所述将波运动转换和传输为往复是通过允许浮筒随着波自由运动并连接到浮筒以曲柄机构。
25.如权利要求24所述的方法,其特征在于,所述平衡该结构是通过自所述双分层的船壳体进行水压承载。
26.如权利要求24所述的方法,其特征在于,所述浮筒的运动是当腔内的流经波推动浮筒时,所述浮筒绕枢轴上下摆动。
27.如权利要求24所述的方法,其特征在于,所述往复运动推动液压活塞泵的活塞上下运动以产生电能。
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