CN102056842B - Activated carbon for controlling gas components - Google Patents

Activated carbon for controlling gas components Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102056842B
CN102056842B CN200980121578XA CN200980121578A CN102056842B CN 102056842 B CN102056842 B CN 102056842B CN 200980121578X A CN200980121578X A CN 200980121578XA CN 200980121578 A CN200980121578 A CN 200980121578A CN 102056842 B CN102056842 B CN 102056842B
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pore
gac
volume
gas
concentration
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CN102056842A (en
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青野广和
清水康弘
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Cataler Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J20/28069Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J20/28078Pore diameter
    • B01J20/28083Pore diameter being in the range 2-50 nm, i.e. mesopores
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30Active carbon
    • C01B32/312Preparation
    • C01B32/336Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Provided is an activated carbon for controlling natural gas components wherein the volume of pores having a pore diameter of 2.0 nm is 0.5 ml/ml or more per unit volume in the differential pore size distribution determined by the BJH method from a nitrogen adsorption isotherm, and the value obtained by subtracting the volume of pores at a pore diameter of 2.0 nm per unit volume from the volume of pores at a pore diameter of 3.0 nm per unit volume is 0.075 ml/ml or more in the integral pore size distribution determined by the BJH method from a nitrogen adsorption isotherm.

Description

Be used to adjust the gac of gas component
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used to adjust the gac of Sweet natural gas homenergic gas component capacious, particularly a kind of gac that is used to adjust butane.
Background technology
In recent years, owing to the demand of reasons such as environmental problem to the Sweet natural gas of the resource that acts as a fuel improves.Though Sweet natural gas because the place of production and difference, generally is to be main component with methane, all the other comprise the fuel gas of ethane, propane, butane etc.From the reserve of being estimated about 2 times of oil are arranged, and from the few factor of relative thermal value emission amount of carbon dioxide, Sweet natural gas receives much attention as green energy resource.
Particularly, from being gas under normal temperature, normal atmosphere, and energy efficiency is outstanding etc., and factor is set out, and the demand of butane combustion gas (being mainly used in petroleum furnace and liquefied gas lighter) enlarges.
Sweet natural gas generally is by in down cooling liquid (natural gas liquids (LNG)) of utmost point low temperature (162 ℃), or stores and import in normal temperature and high pressure lower compression (compressed natural gas (CNG)).
But the viewpoint of any method slave unit expense and efficient is seen the problem that all exists, so develop (Japanese kokai publication sho 49-104213 communique, Japanese kokai publication hei 6-55067 communique etc.) with the method for high density storage Sweet natural gas in sorbing material.By the sorbing material that use has high absorption possibility, the feasible gas component that does not only liquefy by pressure, with the density near liquefaction, physical adsorption is in this sorbing material.
Usually, think in order to make Sweet natural gas in the pore of sorbing materials such as gac, adsorb storage unchangeably, reducing fine pore and increasing pore volume is effectively, for this reason, in Sweet natural gas absorbing and storing device in the past, used the gac that fine pore is little and pore volume is big (TOHKEMY 2005-273717 communique) as much as possible.
The prior art document
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1 Japanese kokai publication sho 49-104213 communique
Patent documentation 2 Japanese kokai publication hei 6-55067 communiques
Patent documentation 3 TOHKEMY 2005-273717 communiques
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
Sweet natural gas, its concentration and composition instability are being stablized under the situation that Sweet natural gas is provided by the concentration of regulating gas component, be necessary to adsorb this composition when the concentration of gas component is too high, and is necessary desorb when too low.Especially, belong to the butane of high calorie ingredients, because owing to the amount calories of its concentration to Sweet natural gas integral body produces a very large impact, the adjustment of its concentration becomes problem.And the boiling point of butane combustion gas is the low spot near 0 ℃, and temperature changes concentration easily near normal temperature the time.The variation of this concentration, providing at stable energy becomes problem.
The gac that is used for Sweet natural gas absorption storage in the past, the little and high adsorption capacity of fine pore, therefore the main purpose of using is the absorption of gas component.In this gac,, also be difficult to gas concentration be carried out certain adjustment by the desorb gas component even spill because of absorption breaks through the part that gas component takes place.In fact, the gac that characterization of adsorption in the past is outstanding, for will heat in case absorption, the gas component desorb once more, the release that keep, processings such as pressurization be necessary, so can not be used to adjust gas component.Moreover, under the concentration of the Sweet natural gas that provides to gac becomes big situation as time passes, be difficult to adjust specific constituent concentration more.
With the high and every Sweet natural gas that changes through certain hour in the low earlier back of a kind of concentration of provide, inquire into as an example.When concentration of natural gas was low, the gas component of target arrived and is adsorbed in the gac till absorption breaks through.In this case, this gas component is discharged from gac before absorption breaks through hardly.Afterwards, provide the high density Sweet natural gas to the gac that reaches the breakthrough state, gac can not adsorb the gas component of target, makes this gas component former state ground by gac, and the gas component of target is discharged with high density.Its result can not provide gas component with certain concentration.
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of gac, this gac can be adjusted the concentration of the composition that energy capacity is big in the Sweet natural gas.
The solution of problem
The result that the present inventor attentively studies, notice the gac that has specific pore characteristics by use, and preferentially adsorbed during the low temperature by being difficult to change, keep gas component in concentration, the butane combustion gas that particularly energy capacity is big, on the other hand, raise in temperature, when gas component concentration is low, with in case the process that absorption, the gas component that keeps discharge towards periphery once more, can suppress the change in concentration of the gas component that takes place owing to temperature variation, thereby finish the present invention.
That is, the present invention includes following invention.
[1] a kind of gac that is used to adjust the natural gas composition, it is in the differential pore of being tried to achieve by the nitrogen adsorption isothermal line with the BJH method distributes, fine pore in the unit volume is that the pore volume of 2.0nm is greater than 0.5ml/ml, and in the integration pore of being tried to achieve by the nitrogen adsorption isothermal line with the BJH method distributes, fine pore in the unit volume is the pore volume of 3.0nm, and the value of pore volume that deducts fine pore in the unit volume and be 2.0nm is greater than 0.075ml/ml.
[2] according to [1] described gac that is used to adjust gas component, it is in the differential pore distribution of being tried to achieve by the nitrogen adsorption isothermal line with the BJH method, and the maximum value of fine pore is 1.8 to 2.5nm.
The effect of invention
According to of the present invention,, can significantly improve BWC (butane working capacity) (ASTM D228-92) by in aforesaid certain limit, regulating pore volume etc.Therefore, gac to being included in the big composition of energy capacity in the Sweet natural gas, especially to the characterization of adsorption of butane when can fully keeping, can also improve desorption properties.
Further, now Sweet natural gas accounts for the about 80% of gas raw material, and multiple existence is arranged in the kind of its gas, but total calorie of high 12A, a 13A combustion gas is present main flow.Because the thermal value of butane is 8,400kcal/L, with other gas component be in a ratio of high calorie (methane: 2,000kcal/L; Ethane: 6,110kcal/L), so unstable butane concentration, very cataclysm can take place in total amount calories of Sweet natural gas.Therefore, even providing a kind of under the situation of the indefinite combustion gas of concentration the Sweet natural gas, gac of the present invention also can provide certain density butane, and certain caloric energy promptly can be provided with being difficult to stay in grade.Further, gac of the present invention is not because break through the composition of himself yet can desorb wishing, so can use continuously.
In addition, the present invention, with respect in the past gac with absorption, the Sweet natural gas integral body that keeps including few methane gas of energy capacity and ethane gas etc. is purpose, and is being on the point of purpose with the concentration of adjusting butane gas, different.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the accompanying drawing that the integration shape fine pore of the gac of comparing embodiment 1,2 and comparative example 1,2 distributes, and at this, transverse axis is represented fine pore (nm), and the longitudinal axis is represented integration pore volume (ml/ml).
Fig. 2 is the accompanying drawing that the differential shape fine pore of the gac of comparative example 1,2 and comparative example 1,2 distributes, and at this, transverse axis is represented fine pore (nm), and the longitudinal axis is represented differential pore volume Dv[log d] (ml/ml).
Fig. 3 is expression for the gac of embodiment 1,2 and comparative example 1,2, is included in composition in the 13A combustion gas in the tabulation of 5 ℃ adsorption-desorption amount (wt%).
Fig. 4 is expression for the gac of embodiment 1,2 and comparative example 1,2, is included in composition in the 13A combustion gas in the tabulation of 40 ℃ adsorption-desorption amount (wt%).
Embodiment
The pore of gac of the present invention distributes, and can pass through BJH (Barrett, Joyner and Halenda) method and measure from the nitrogen adsorption isothermal line.The value of the described pore volume of this specification sheets is meant, the value of calculating according to the pore distribution of trying to achieve from the nitrogen adsorption isothermal line with the BJH method.At this, adsorption isothermal line is illustrated in the relation of equilibrium concentration and equilibrium adsorption capacity in the certain temperature.In the present invention, the N that uses market to sell 2Pore distributional analysis device (YUASA-IONICS COMPANY., the NOVA3200 that LIMITED produces) has carried out the mensuration of pore distribution and pore volume.About micropore volume of the present invention,, the relative pressure of the transverse axis of adsorption isothermal line is scaled calculates (parsing of t-plot method) at the thickness (A) of its multi-layer absorber layer of pressing relatively according to the analysis program of NOVA3200.The integration pore distribution of gac of the present invention and differential pore are distributed among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 to be represented.The longitudinal axis among Fig. 1 is represented integration pore volume (ml/ml), and the longitudinal axis among Fig. 2 is represented differential pore volume (Dv[log d]) (ml/ml).
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, gac of the present invention, from improving the viewpoint of BWC, it is in the differential pore of being tried to achieve by the nitrogen adsorption isothermal line with the BJH method distributes, fine pore in the unit volume is that the pore volume of 2.0nm is greater than 0.5ml/ml, and in the integration pore of being tried to achieve by the nitrogen adsorption isothermal line with the BJH method distributed, the fine pore in the unit volume was the pore volume of 3.0nm, and the value of pore volume that deducts fine pore in the unit volume and be 2.0nm is greater than 0.075ml/ml.
At this, the fine pore in the unit volume is under the situation of the not enough 0.5ml/ml of the pore volume of 2.0nm, because the desorption ability of butane is low, so be unsuitable for being used to regulate the gas concentration of lower concentration.Therefore, from the viewpoint of butane desorption ability, in the unit volume fine pore greater than the pore volume of 2.0nm more preferably greater than 0.5ml/ml, particularly greater than 0.6ml/ml.And the fine pore in the unit volume is the pore volume of 3.0nm, and the value of pore volume that deducts fine pore in the unit volume and be 2.0nm is more preferably greater than 0.075ml/ml, particularly greater than 0.1ml/ml.
And, as shown in Figure 2, with differential pore volume Dv[log d] under the situation of expression pore volume, the maximum fine pore of gac of the present invention is 1.8 to 2.5nm.From improving the viewpoint of butane adsorption-desorption ability, this maximum fine pore is preferably 2.0 to 2.5nm.
And, gac of the present invention, the gac that is used for the absorbing and storing Sweet natural gas that belongs to micropore with in the past average pore diameter is different, belongs to average pore diameter and be 2.4 to 2.9nm gac.Though be not to stick to theory, can think because described bigger average pore diameter is arranged, and the pore volume in the hole of the pore diameter that has in specified range big than in the past, so improved butane adsorption-desorption ability.
Gac of the present invention, unqualified, but can be with mineral substance, as coal class or petroleum pitch etc., or with the plant class, as timber or coconut etc. as raw material.Further, gac of the present invention sees that from the viewpoint of control fine pore best is raw material with the coal.
The shape of gac of the present invention, unqualified, but be granulation shapes such as bar shaped, sphere or pulverizing shape.Consider to pack into fillibility after the constant volume, this gac is preferably bar shaped, and cylinder for example, or be sphere, its diameter for example are 0.5 to 12.0nm.And in the hardness test of JIS 1474, gac of the present invention being under the situation of raw material with coal, no matter pore volume is much, can be kept the hardness more than 90%.
Gac with above-mentioned pore characteristics can be by carbonized coal tar resin for example, and after activation and the control degree of activation, screening makes average pore diameter approximately become 2.4 to 2.9nm method and obtains.
Utilize following embodiment, the present invention is carried out more specific description.In addition, the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
(embodiment 1)
Moulding is the coal tar of raw material with the coal dust, after 700 ℃ of carbonizations, divides input H with 5.5g/ 2O 950 ℃ of activation 8 hours, makes average pore diameter become 2.9nm with the screening of JIS screen cloth under the environment of water vapour, prepares the gac that is used to adjust gas component of the present invention.
(embodiment 2)
Except that 6 hours this point of activation, use the method identical with embodiment 1, preparing average pore diameter is the gac that is used to adjust gas component of the present invention of 2.4nm.
(comparative example 1)
Except that 4 hours this point of activation, use the method identical with embodiment 1, prepare have littler than above-mentioned gac pore diameter, specifically average pore diameter is the gac that is used to adjust gas component of 2.0nm.
(comparative example 2)
Except that 10 hours this point of activation, use the method identical with embodiment 1, prepare and have greatly, specifically average pore diameter is the gac that is used to adjust gas component of 3.8nm than above-mentioned gac pore diameter.
(nitrogen pore distribution determination method)
Prepare the about 20mg of above-mentioned activated carbon sample, this sample is put into glassware, in N2 pore distributional analysis device (YUASA-IONICS COMPANY., the NOVA3200 that LIMITED produces), carry out the nitrogen adsorption-desorption, measure pore and distribute and pore volume (with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 and table 1).In the table 1, " the differential pore volume of 2nm " is meant the differential pore volume in the differential pore distribution shown in Figure 2, and " the differential pore volume that 2nm is above " reaches " 2 to 3nm differential pore volume ", the integrated value of representing the pore volume of the fine pore more than the 2.0nm in the integration pore distribution shown in Figure 1 respectively, the fine pore that reaches in the unit volume is the integration pore volume of 3.0nm, and the fine pore that deducts in the unit volume is the value of the integration pore volume of 2.0nm.
(measurement of hardness)
Correctly measure each 100ml of activated carbon sample of the foregoing description and comparative example respectively.After this sample being put into the vessel that steel ball is housed that are used for hardness test and making its vibration, with the sieve screening, with remain on the sieve example weight with on probation before weight compare.Calculate their ratio (JIS K 1474) as hardness.The result represents in table 1.
The physical property values of each gac of table 1.
Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2
2.0nm differential pore volume (ml/ml) 0.718 0.786 0.569 0.365
2.0nm above integration pore volume (ml/ml) 0.223 0.158 0.105 0.266
2.0 integration pore volume (ml/ml) to the 3.0nm scope 0.127 0.09 0.065 0.060
Average fine pore (nm) 2.9 2.4 2.0 3.8
Hardness (%) 97.0 99.2 99.0 88.0
From the result of table 1, gac hardness that can clear and definite comparative example 2 is low, with gac of the present invention relatively, on practicality, fall behind.
(performance evaluation)
According to ASTM (American Society for testing and materials; American Society for Testing and Materials) 5228, implemented the adsorption-desorption test of described gac (each 15ml) with following method.
Adsorption test
1. after described gac being put into measuring column, 3L/ divides ground to described measuring column transport gas (methane: ethane 88.6%: propane 7.0%: n-butane 3.2%: i-butane 0.69%: pentane 0.50%: 0.05%), and make it at 5 ℃ or 40 ℃ of equilibrium adsorption.
2. in the inflow combustion gas of described combustion gas with discharge the concentration difference of combustion gas and the weight change of gac when becoming within 5%, think that to reach absorption saturated, finish the equilibrium adsorption operation.
Desorption experiment
Purify 1.1L/ carry out nitrogen, the combustion gas of discharge remains in the four sides container of 20L with dividing.
2. the time of measuring concentration of natural gas during this period repeatedly changes, till the exit concentration to 0 of Sweet natural gas.
3. analysis package is contained in the concentration of the gas component in each container.
4. from each gas component, calculate following desorption quantity:
Desorption quantity (weight %)=(20L * concentration (%) ÷ 100 ÷ 24.45 (molecular weight of combustion gas capacity (the L) * gas component of each mole of 25 ℃) ÷ gac weight (g) * 100
In Fig. 3 and 4, be illustrated respectively in the comparison of the adsorption-desorption amount of 5 ℃ and 40 ℃.In addition, this temperature is upper temperature limit and the lower limit of gac of the present invention on reality is used of imagination, but the upper limit and the lower limit that do not have reality are limited in the relevant temperature.Can be clear and definite from these figure, embodiment 1 and 2 gac, under any temperature, butane, particularly the difference of the adsorptive capacity of i-butane and desorption quantity is big, and the adjustment capability height in concentration change.The total of the adsorption-desorption amount of relevant two butane compositions is represented the average adsorption-desorption amount of summary result in from 5 to 40 ℃ of scopes table 2.
The heavy ingredient of each gac of table 2. (butane composition) adsorption-desorption amount
Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2
5 ℃ of adsorption-desorption amounts (Wt%) 11.4 9.8 7.0 7.5
40 ℃ of adsorption-desorption amounts (Wt%) 3.6 5.4 4.2 3.4
Adsorption-desorption amount (Wt%) in 5 to 40 ℃ of scopes 7.5 7.6 5.6 5.5
Shown in the result of table 2, have decide the embodiment 1 of pore volume and the gac of embodiment 2, discontented 40 ℃ temperature, promptly in general free air temperature, with the gac of comparative example 1 and 2 relatively, it has high significantly desorption efficiency.
The possibility of on industry, utilizing
Adopt the present invention,, can provide a kind of comparing to improve desorption properties, and in concentration change, can adjust the gac that is used to adjust Sweet natural gas of combustion gas with gac in the past by pore volume and fine pore are regulated within the specific limits.The gac that is used to adjust Sweet natural gas of the present invention because related characteristics, is fit to be arranged on the combustion gas provider of Sweet natural gas factory, is used to adjust the calorie change of combustion gas.

Claims (1)

1. gac that is used to adjust gas component, it is characterized in that, described gac is in the differential pore of being tried to achieve by the nitrogen adsorption isothermal line with the BJH method distributes, the maximum value of fine pore is 2.0 to 2.5nm, fine pore in the unit volume is that the pore volume of 2.0nm is greater than 0.5ml/ml, and in the integration pore of being tried to achieve by the nitrogen adsorption isothermal line with the BJH method distributes, fine pore in the unit volume is the pore volume of 3.0nm, and the value of pore volume that deducts fine pore in the unit volume and be 2.0nm is greater than 0.075ml/ml.
CN200980121578XA 2008-06-16 2009-06-16 Activated carbon for controlling gas components Expired - Fee Related CN102056842B (en)

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KR20150122177A (en) 2013-02-20 2015-10-30 오사카 가스 케미칼 가부시키가이샤 Granular activated carbon, and manufacturing method for same
WO2014129410A1 (en) * 2013-02-20 2014-08-28 日本エンバイロケミカルズ株式会社 Granular activated carbon having many mesopores, and manufacturing method for same
JP6042922B2 (en) * 2015-03-05 2016-12-14 株式会社豊田中央研究所 Porous carbon, production method thereof, and ammonia adsorbent
KR20170097137A (en) * 2015-03-05 2017-08-25 가부시키가이샤 캬타라 Carbon porous body, production method thereof, ammonia adsorbent material, canister, and production method thereof
JP6471256B1 (en) * 2018-05-18 2019-02-13 ユニチカ株式会社 Deodorizing material and deodorizing sheet
KR102545878B1 (en) * 2018-06-19 2023-06-22 가부시키가이샤애드올 activated carbon

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