CN102056741A - 具有增强抗子弹性的玻璃 - Google Patents

具有增强抗子弹性的玻璃 Download PDF

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CN102056741A
CN102056741A CN200980122074XA CN200980122074A CN102056741A CN 102056741 A CN102056741 A CN 102056741A CN 200980122074X A CN200980122074X A CN 200980122074XA CN 200980122074 A CN200980122074 A CN 200980122074A CN 102056741 A CN102056741 A CN 102056741A
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lamination
bullet
glass
transparent
chimera
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V·普吕恩
S·勒雷
F·梅内谢
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明的目标在于透明的抗子弹和/或抗碎片叠层(其至少一部分厚度由包含至少两个透明组成元件的嵌合体构成)用于限制在所述接受冲击的在两个组成元件至少之一外面的叠层的损坏；这样的叠层具有大于单晶蓝宝石片的最大可能尺寸的尺寸，其至少一部分厚度由至少部分透明的嵌合体构成并且其至少一个外部面由连续的透明片构成。建筑和运输车辆的窗玻璃包含该叠层。

Description

具有增强抗子弹性的玻璃
本发明涉及抗子弹和/或碎片和/或相同类型的其他抛射体的窗玻璃。
此类玻璃由通过聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、聚氨酯(PU)或环氧树脂类型的粘合性中间层相互粘结的透明玻璃片和塑料材料片组装而构成。
通过增加叠层(feuilleté)的厚度可以达到极高的抗子弹性水平，但有损于穿过窗玻璃的光透射。
一些材料，特别是单晶蓝宝石，不能被制成大于约225×660mm2的主表面的板或片。因此，对于较大的尺寸，可以考虑以嵌合的方式组合几个相同或不同的透明材料板。本发明人发现这样的嵌合体适合于获得非常高的子弹抵抗水平，而且另外，它们还限制了在接受冲击的其组成部分之外的叠层的损坏(裂缝...)蔓延。换言之，损坏不再在与嵌合体相同的表面和材料的整块片上扩大。对于嵌合体，在多数情况下，损坏倾向于限定在接受冲击的组成部分(“方块”)。
此外，令人吃惊地发现，通常由接缝(joits)尤其是有机接缝占据的在嵌合体的方块之间的细微空间不会构成从弹道抵抗性角度而言的薄弱点。
因此，本发明的目的在于透明的抗子弹和/或抗碎片叠层(其至少一部分厚度由包含至少两个透明组成元件的嵌合体构成)用于限制接受冲击的在所述至少两个组成元件之一以外的叠层的损坏的用途。在本文中，在叠层主表面的至少一部分是透明的意义上，该叠层是透明的。
另一方面，本发明人发现，采用透明陶瓷使得能够达到对于复合材料(通常是叠层)的最小的单位面积质量(masse sufacique)而言的极高的抗子弹和/或抗碎片性水平，和穿过复合材料的最大可见光透射。术语“最小的”和“最大的”涉及在本申请中使用的其他透明材料，特别是玻璃。
因此，在本发明的用途的一个特别的实施方案中，所述叠层包含透明陶瓷，以降低具有对子弹和/或碎片的相同抵抗性的叠层的单位面积质量，并增大穿过叠层的可见光透射。
在本文中，透明陶瓷意指例如单晶蓝宝石(Al2O3)、多晶Al2O3、铝氧氮化物(alon)、尖晶石。
本发明的目标还在于尺寸大于单晶蓝宝石片的最大可能尺寸的抗子弹和/或抗碎片的透明叠层，其特征在于，其至少一部分厚度由包含至少两个透明组成元件的嵌合体构成，并且其至少一个外部面由连续的透明片构成。
如此，避免的是所述嵌合体本身形成叠层的外部面。这是因为，在或短或长的时期内，该嵌合体表面的不规则可以是玷污的根源，或钩住清洁工具例如刮雨器的根源...特别地，避免玷污PVB类型有机接缝，并通过限制其由于UV和湿度导致的降解来增加其耐久性。
根据相互不排斥的两个实施方案：
-所述连续的透明片由具有2至6mm厚度的玻璃，尤其是以特别适合的方式使冲击所被预期的一面化学淬火的玻璃制成；
-所述连续的透明片是由聚碳酸酯或等价物制成，优选地，在与用于接受冲击的面相反的面上。
所述至少两个透明的组成元件可以是整块的、叠层的，由选自陶瓷、玻璃、玻璃陶瓷和/或塑料材料的相同或不同材料制成。
所采用的陶瓷可以是，优选地，单晶的例如单晶蓝宝石(Al2O3)，或多晶的例如多晶氧化铝、烧结陶瓷，或铝氧氮化物(alon)，或尖晶石。
所采用的玻璃可以是具有低Fe含量的钠钙玻璃，硼硅酸盐玻璃，其任选地例如通过化学淬火进行处理。
可使用的塑料材料的例子是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、聚氨酯(PU)或聚碳酸酯(PC)粘合剂，丙烯酸类例如聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)或离聚物树脂。
本发明的叠层具有30至120mm，优选地40至100mm的厚度。
它由通过中间粘合层(例如PVB或PU)相互粘结的陶瓷、玻璃、玻璃陶瓷和/或塑料材料的硬的并至少部分透明的片/嵌合体构成。
后者(中间粘合层)的厚度为例如0.38mm的倍数，尤其是0.76mm。
陶瓷的片/嵌合体的厚度为2至18mm，尤其等于3.18mm、6.35mm或7.62mm并且优选地不超过15-17mm。
玻璃的片/嵌合体的厚度为2至15mm，优选地6至12mm，构成叠层的外部表面的玻璃片(在需要的情况下)除外，其厚度为2至6mm，尤其是4mm。
玻璃陶瓷的片/嵌合体的厚度可以为5至7mm。
塑料材料的片/嵌合体的厚度为2至10mm。
优选地，嵌合体的透明或不透明的组成元件通过有机接缝，例如0.38或0.76mm的PVB带相互粘结。
其边缘具有尽可能减小的斜面或具有使得能够使两个邻近组成元件的边缘嵌合和/或覆盖的阶梯或斜棱的其他形式。然而，从光学角度而言，没有斜面的或具有尽可能减小的斜面的直角形式是优选的。
本发明的叠层可以具有与例如2m一样大的长度。
根据本发明的叠层的两个特别的实施方案：
-所述嵌合体包含至少一个不透明的组成元件，尤其由抗子弹和/或抗碎片材料，例如金属制成；
-在叠层中加入由抗子弹和/或抗碎片材料制成的穿透性嵌入物(rapplique pénétrante)，其覆盖叠层的抗子弹和/或抗碎片结构的周边，并且用于在叠层的安装位置处也覆盖在其中安装该叠层的窗孔(baie)；关于这方面，可参考专利EP 918629 B1。
本发明的目标还在于包含上面所描述的叠层的建筑或运输车辆(陆地的、水中的、空中的、空间的)的玻璃。
借助于下面的实施例将更好地理解本发明。
实施例
使用下列组成的叠层：
4白玻璃/1.52PVB/7.62蓝宝石/1.52PVB/7.62蓝宝石/1.52PVB/12白玻璃/0.76PVB/12白玻璃/0.76PVB/12白玻璃/0.76PVB/12白玻璃/0.76PVB/3白玻璃/2.5PU/3PC
其中数字指示组成部分的厚度，白玻璃(white glass)是白色玻璃，蓝宝石是单晶的，PVB是指聚乙烯醇缩丁醛，PU是指聚氨酯和PC是指聚碳酸酯。
蓝宝石厚度每个由四块通过0.76mm的PVB带相互粘结的100mm×100mm方块的嵌合体构成。
这些方块的边缘具有小于0.5mm的斜面。
该叠层具有82mm的厚度，210kg/m2的单位面积质量，和大于70％的可见光透射。
它满足4级的NATO-STANAG 4569标准(北大西洋公约组织-标准化协议)，
a)用于以911m/s发射的14.5×114API B32弹药，
b)并且也用于以960m/s发射的FSP 20碎片。
在a)和b)的两种情况下，发现叠层的损坏被限制在已接受冲击的蓝宝石方块以外。
在相同的弹道学抵抗性的没有蓝宝石类型陶瓷的玻璃叠层，具有
-在上述a)的情况下，大于130mm的厚度，大于320kg/m2的单位面积质量和小于50％的可见光透射，和
-在上述b)的情况下，大于100mm的厚度，大于250kg/m2的单位面积质量和小于58％的可见光透射。
方块之间的接缝不是叠层的薄弱之处，它抵抗针对这些接缝上的射击，即使该嵌合体被整块的蓝宝石整块片代替。

Claims (9)

1.透明的抗子弹和/或抗碎片叠层的用途，该叠层至少一部分厚度由包含至少两个透明组成元件的嵌合体构成，其用于限制接受冲击的在所述至少两个组成元件之一外面的叠层的损坏，其特征在于，该叠层的至少一个外部面由连续的透明片构成，以避免所述嵌合体本身形成该叠层的外部面。
2.根据权利要求1的用途，其特征在于，所述叠层包含透明陶瓷，用于降低具有对恒定的对子弹和/或碎片的抵抗性的叠层的单位面积质量，并增大穿过该叠层的可见光透射。
3.其尺寸大于单晶蓝宝石块的最大可能的尺寸的抗子弹和/或抗碎片的透明叠层，其特征在于，其至少一部分厚度由包含至少两个透明组成元件的嵌合体构成，和特征在于其至少一个外部面由连续的透明片构成，以避免所述嵌合体本身形成该叠层的外部面。
4.根据权利要求3的叠层，其特征在于，所述连续的透明片是厚度为2至6mm的玻璃，尤其是经化学淬火的玻璃制成。
5.根据权利要求3或4的叠层，其特征在于，所述连续透明片是由聚碳酸酯或等价物制成。
6.根据权利要求3至5之一的叠层，其特征在于，所述至少两个透明的组成元件是由选自陶瓷、玻璃、玻璃陶瓷和/或塑料材料的相同或不同材料制成的。
7.根据权利要求3至6之一的叠层，其特征在于，所述嵌合体包含至少一个不透明的组成元件，尤其是由抗子弹和/或抗碎片材料制成的。
8.根据权利要求3至7之一的叠层，其特征在于，在其中加入由抗子弹和/或抗碎片材料制成的穿透性嵌入物，其覆盖在该叠层的抗子弹和/或抗碎片结构的周边，并且用于在叠层的安装位置处也覆盖在其中安装该叠层的窗孔。
9.建筑或运输车辆的窗玻璃，其包含根据权利要求3至8之一的叠层。
CN200980122074XA 2008-06-12 2009-06-11 具有增强抗子弹性的玻璃 Pending CN102056741A (zh)

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FR2932411A1 (fr) 2009-12-18
DK2296877T3 (da) 2019-05-27
PL2296877T3 (pl) 2019-07-31
US20110168005A1 (en) 2011-07-14
EP2296877A2 (fr) 2011-03-23
TR201906522T4 (tr) 2019-05-21
WO2009150380A2 (fr) 2009-12-17
FR2932411B1 (fr) 2011-01-21
MX2010013617A (es) 2011-02-25
CO6331318A2 (es) 2011-10-20
EA201170001A1 (ru) 2011-06-30
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