CN102055800A - Traffic internet of things (IOT) layering system architecture based on information gathering - Google Patents
Traffic internet of things (IOT) layering system architecture based on information gathering Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a traffic internet of things (IOT) layering system architecture based on information gathering. The layering system architecture provided by the invention comprises an entity physical layer, a network layer, a transmission layer, a foundation application layer and an information gathering layer. The layering system architecture provided by the invention is a height abstraction for various different physical networks, thus a uniform traffic IOT system architecture is provided for a plurality of traffic modes such as railways, waterways, highways and the like, and the transparence of the underlay network technology to an user or an application program can be achieved. According to the invention, an information system architecture which is uniform and cooperative and can provide uniform service is established, thus universal network service is provided for users; a fusion architecture is provided for the compatibility of various traffic IOT platforms; and a good foundation is laid for the compatibility of the existing traffic IOT and other region traffic IOT.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the intelligent transportation areas of information technology, be particularly related to traffic Internet of Things hierarchical architecture model, mainly finish the information of key elements such as people, car, ship, road, water, environment and carry out effective integration, the globality of realization traffic Internet of Things contains with the height of traffic flow, information flow, Business Stream integrated, is a kind of traffic Internet of Things hierarchical architecture that converges based on information.
Background technology
Current, along with the foundation of " big traffic " notion, and use the traffic Internet of Things to improve the factor of all many-sides such as effect of communications and transportation situation, impel research and development traffic Internet of Things to become the hot fields of current science and technology competition.Be the main sensing network technology that constitutes by transducer, communication network and information processing system especially, have real-time data acquisition, Supervised Control and functions such as information sharing and storage administration.This is expanded the function of present network technology greatly, and making by the various environment of network real-time monitoring, facility and internal operation mechanism etc. becomes possibility.
The core of traffic transport industry development Internet of Things is to be traffic key element (traffic object, the vehicles, traffic infrastructure, traffic environment) setting up with the identity characteristic information is core, reliably, " digital object " of unique correspondence, rely on then with RFID, transducer, Network Transmission is main series information technological means, this digital object is true, reliably, complete, dynamically be mapped on the digital Platform of application system, again by this platform, digital object is carried out systematicness, intelligent analysis and processing, thus realize traffic key element such as traffic object, the vehicles, the supervision of physical entities such as traffic infrastructure, coordinate control and service.
It mainly is to obtain the correlation behavior information and the dynamic operation information of traffic key element in real time that the information of traffic key element is obtained system.At present, traffic transport industry has been used a large amount of traffic sensors, comes state, the dynamic operation information of " collection " traffic system in real time.As operation information, gather the identity and the state information of goods by sensor technology collection vehicle such as " induction coil ", " Video Detection ", " microwave detector, " " gps satellite location ", " RFID ", roadnet.Because generally adopt " function-information " this development model in the past, the traffic element information of each functional subsystem " collection " is separate, and has information repeated acquisition phenomenon; Because the data-interface standard of each subsystem is ununified, cause the traffic element information of collection to be difficult to interconnectivity and sharing simultaneously.Therefore, make up the communications and transportation new system of " perception of thing thing " and " the thing thing is collaborative ", certainly will need to make up interconnectivity and sharing, merge and to converge collaborative traffic element information and obtain new model, on the basis of existing traffic data collection system, realize the application and the expansion of correlation technique.
The traffic Internet of Things is one and relates to numerous cooperations of organizing and coordinating, the big system of joint research, exploitation, enforcement, regulation and control.The essential distinction of traffic Internet of Things and traffic control in the past is that to become among the technology group who supports the traffic Internet of Things be core technology to information technology, except information gathering, information fusion, the message transmission information of a large amount of real-time traffic gathers, the degree of depth excavation and utilization, information stores and issue of information fusion, information, the information interaction that has also increased a large amount of " people, car/ship, road/navigation channel, pipe " has been strengthened the integrative operation of people, road/navigation channel, vehicle/ship driving and system management with shared.
From the angle of traffic administration, management activity is with different levels, from the traffic programme and the management of macroscopic view, to the traffic control of microcosmic with dredge management.On the characteristics of these functions, these functions are to be distributed on the different administrative structures.By the information requirement difference of each layer function, just formed the information requirement system of a complete traffic Internet of Things stratification.Specifically as shown in Figure 1.The traffic information collection subsystem of the bottom is the whole data source header of circulating transportation system, and the transport information quality that collects has determined the operation result of whole system, and it is to be on the bottom, the most basic position, and its importance is self-evident.The several functional subsystem in intermediate layer is the end user of basic transport information.The various traffic parameter data that they utilize the information gathering subsystem to collect are finished microcosmic traffic management function separately.Each layer information is carried out the processing of macroscopical traffic management information below the macro-management on upper strata and the information services subsystem utilization, for macroscopical traffic administration decision-making provides reliable foundation, simultaneously, for traffic participant provides real-time traffic-information service.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is: the traffic Internet of Things is the integrated of various functions, technology and information, wherein communication requirement is omnipresent, the acquiring way and the processing method of data are varied, the products ﹠ services function development has stage, all these requirement has a unified architectural framework to rely to set up efficient, flexible and economic traffic Internet of Things, and by determining that the relation between each subsystem, each subsystem function and each subsystem comes to provide needed basic guidance to design and developer.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the traffic Internet of Things hierarchical architecture based on information converges, comprise entity physical layer, network layer, transport layer, base application layer and information convergence-level, wherein:
The entity physical layer comprises Internet of Things sensing data harvester and network communication interface, and the sensing data harvester is gathered various transport information, and described transport information is sent to network layer by network communication interface;
Network layer is the transmission terminal device of various wireless networks, and described transmission terminal device is supported various wireless communication protocols, is used to realize wireless network transmissions;
Transport layer is various wireless networks, transport information is packed, cuts apart, is made up, and set up routed path, and the transport information of network layer is transferred to the base application layer by wireless mode;
The base application layer comprises various transport information applied function modules, described transport information applied function module is the functional module that various application transport information manage, plan traffic, the base application layer carries out the data format conversion to the transport information that is received by transport layer, data encryption and deciphering, data compression and recovery, the transport information of obtaining is issued, upgraded, and be transmitted through the network to the information convergence-level;
Information convergence-level: be existing business platform between the traffic Internet of Things every profession and trade, protocol interface and terminal are collaborative, realize the bottom locator data, sensing data, disturb fusion and aggregation scheme between resolving, satisfy the demand of related objective object and practical application scene, the information convergence-level comprises the large object relevant database that stores space-time data and characteristic attribute thereof, the information convergence-level is also stored road/navigation channel geometric data frame model and temporal index, distributing traffic information, described information converges efficiency analysis and the data Layer fusion that comprises based on the circumstance state information of car/on-board sensor level, fusion treatment based on feature level circumstance state information, based on the data mining theories of Floating Car/ship technology and method and based on the Knowledge Discovery and the dynamic prediction of the transport information of self-organization theory, the data that converge comprise: the GIS data, the environmental objects refining data, the traffic resource management data, operation data, management data releases news, emergency dynamic data and metadata;
Wherein, information convergence-level and entity physical layer are by acting on behalf of the mapping relations that Agent forms the primitive level, realize the awareness apparatus primitive of bottom entity physical layer and the mapping between the instruction of upper strata, finish the fusion of cross-platform, trans-sectoral affair system, realization satisfies the need/and water running environment, car/shipping row environment, physical object carry out data refinement, data mining, mutual by standard communication protocol mutually, realization event prediction, fault location and analysis, system reconfiguration and expansion, self-healing processing and online evaluation function.
The entity physical layer is the bottom of hierarchical architecture, and this layer is used for the bit stream of the various data of transmission on the transmission medium that connects open system, has comprised the communication transmission media of entity, detects or reflect operation conditions, the device parameter of equipment; Has bi-directional communication function; Interface and agreement that the entity physical layer relates to comprise: RS-232 interface, RS-422 interface, RS-485 interface, RJ-11, RJ-45 interface, bnc interface, VF-45 interface, V35 interface, V5 interface, Q9 type radio frequency connector and video camera, advices plate and airfield equipment control protocol.
Network layer provides the standard of entity interface according to the various wireless communication protocols that will support, and the agreement that network layer relates to comprises: Synchronous Digital Transmission Network, Fiber Distributed Data Interface, IEEE 802.1 standards, IEEE 802.2 standards, IEEE 802.3 standards, IEEE 802.4 standards, IEEE 802.5 standards, IEEE 802.11 standards, multi-service transport platform, asynchronous transfer mode, serial transmission line IP agreement, point-to-point protocol, point-to-multipoint agreement, CALM, 3G, 802.11p, 802.16e, Ad hoc, radio sensing network Zigbee.
Transport layer provides end-to-end service to the user, transmit the message between the user pellucidly, information package be provided, cut apart, the standard of combination and route aspect, the agreement that transport layer relates to application comprises: transmission control protocol TCP, Internet protocol IP, User Datagram Protoco (UDP) UDP, realtime transmission protocol RTP and transport layer identification protocol Null.
The base application layer provides the structure of packets of information and the standard of session management, various transport information applied function modules are formed traffic-information service center and collaborative traffic Internet of Things comprehensive service platform, realize information service, comprise to issue based on the real-time traffic trip information of board information terminal, traffic information promoting plate, transport information radio station and bus or train route/ship navigation channel communication medium form with renewal, dynamic navigation with induce, monitoring in real time with dispatch, the requiring assistance and handling of do not stop automatic electronic charging and emergency.
The traffic Internet of Things hierarchical architecture that the information of the present invention is based on converges is abstract to a kind of height of various physical network, for multiple travel patterns such as railway, water route, highway provide a kind of unified traffic Internet of Things architectural framework, and can realize that the bottom-layer network technology is transparent to user or application program.The traffic Internet of Things hierarchical architecture target that converges based on information is the information system of setting up a unification, cooperating, provide uniform services, and provides general network service to the user.Framework of the present invention makes the traffic Internet of things system of numerous and complicated be decomposed into according to certain way that logical relation clearly, physically interconnects and more easy-operating plurality of sub system, and its service function standardization, logical framework methodization, physics framework are made clear, thereby formulate traffic Internet of Things development plan for the zone guilding principle is provided, for design, enforcement, the management of each application system provides foundation.The overall architecture of traffic Internet of Things of the present invention provides reference frame for formulating the traffic Internet of Things planning that is fit to personal actual conditions, for construction, key technology Application and Development and the industrialized development of traffic Internet of Things points the direction.And help to make relation between each application system in order from macroscopic view, merge the traffic and transportation system resource, improve system effectiveness, fundamentally guarantee the sustainable development of traffic and transportation system; Simultaneously, traffic Internet of Things System Framework is the interconnection and interflow of traffic Internet of Things in the regional extent and gives security with the compatibility of other regional traffic Internet of Things, for traffic Internet of Things application system in the regional extent compatible, interconnect and to give security, and lay good basis for the compatibility of traffic Internet of Things and other regional traffic Internet of Things from now on.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a transport information demand layer schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the physics System Framework schematic diagram of traffic sensing net.
The traffic Internet of Things overall hierarchical architecture illustraton of model of Fig. 3 for converging based on information.
Fig. 4 is a Network Layering structural representation schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is a traffic Internet of Things standard layer architecture schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 converges the logical construction schematic diagram for traffic Internet of Things data fusion.
Embodiment
Exist a large amount of information mutual communications between each subsystem of traffic sensing net and share, each department is the data source of traffic sensing net, is again other division data and the demander of carrying out the resultant information of comprehensive processed on multidisciplinary data.The traffic sensing network architecture can be counted as a framework, and it has defined the reciprocation between field of traffic and field of telecommunications, thereby can create and provide the service of traffic sensing network users for the whole nation.Therefore, the framework of this architecture has not only comprised a large amount of traffic systems and the information flow between them, has also comprised multiple telecommunication service and medium, so that the correct connection between the relevant traffic system of transmission information and assurance.
Layering reference model of the present invention at first is a complexity of considering communication network in the traffic Internet of Things, because whole traffic Internet of Things network is to be made of the different types of subnet of different levels, so what should consider in the layering reference model is a model group rather than some; Next be the traffic Internet of Things need be a system standard but not only be communication standard, because communication standard has only been set up data link end to end, and singly be that following six layers and application layer bottom in the communication standard ISO seven layer model that relies on the ordinary meaning is the interoperability that can't realize between the logical device, therefore, the bond working application, the traffic Internet of Things hierarchical architecture that the present invention's proposition is converged based on information, 5 layers of definition physical entity layer, network layer, transport layer, application layer, information convergence-levels etc.As shown in Figure 3.
High-rise information convergence-level: between traffic Internet of Things every profession and trade, collaborative such as railway, water route, highway existing business platform, protocol interface and terminal.Realize fusion and aggregation scheme between bottom locator data, sensing data, the interference parsing, satisfy the demand of related objective object and practical application scene.This layer comprises the large object relevant database that stores space-time data and characteristic attribute thereof, the information convergence-level is also stored road/navigation channel geometric data frame model and temporal index, distributing traffic information etc., the work of carrying out comprise based on the efficiency analysis of the circumstance state information of car/on-board sensor level and data Layer merge, based on the fusion treatment of feature level circumstance state information, based on the data mining theories of Floating Car/ship technology and method and based on the Knowledge Discovery of the transport information of self-organization theory and dynamic prediction etc., described technology is prior art.The information spinner that information converges will comprise contents such as GIS data, environmental objects refining data, traffic resource management data, operation data, the management data that releases news, emergency dynamic data, metadata.For obtaining of above-mentioned data, can adopt existing technology.
The traffic Internet of Things hierarchical architecture information on the middle and senior level that converges based on information converges the physical entity layer with bottom, by acting on behalf of the mapping relations that Agent forms the primitive level, the theory that has reflected Internet of Things, information convergence-level and entity physical layer mainly are the fusions of cross-platform, the trans-sectoral affair of realization system by the mapping relations of acting on behalf of Agent formation primitive level, and mapping relations are meant the mapping between bottom awareness apparatus primitive and the upper strata instruction.For the layered architecture of traffic Internet of Things, clear and definite each layer function and model get final product.High layer information converges each functional unit, or application Internet of Things network system, satisfy the need/the water running environment, car running environment, physical object such as ship carry out data refinement, data mining, mutual by standard communication protocol mutually, functions such as realization event prediction, fault location and analysis, system reconfiguration and expansion, self-healing processing and online evaluation.
Base application layer: the structure of packets of information and the standard of session management mainly are provided; This layer is made of traffic-information service center and collaborative traffic Internet of Things comprehensive service platform, comprise based on issue and renewal, the dynamic navigation of the real-time traffic trip information of board information terminal, traffic information promoting plate, transport information radio station and bus or train route/multiple media formats such as ship navigation channel communication and induce, the requiring assistance and information service such as handle of monitoring in real time and scheduling, do not stop automatic electronic charging and emergency.
Transport layer: provide reliable end-to-end service to the user, transmit message pellucidly.Information package mainly be provided, cut apart, the standard of aspect such as combination and route;
Network layer: be rules or the agreement that realizes that the data link controlled function is formulated, the standard of entity interface is provided.The standard of entity interface is provided, and similarly is that modulator-demodulator, network card, CSU/DSU etc. and package transmit, and as HDLC, PMPP, PPP, Ethernet, ATM etc., belongs to data link layer among the OSI.
Bottom entity physical layer: this layer is made up of car/boat-carrying intelligent terminal and roadside unit two large divisions, comprises the geometric data such as road/border, navigation channel, car/navigation channel sign, traffic sign of video data; Dynamic road/navigation channel environmental aspect spatial informations such as multiple mobile object, road infrastructure and barrier based on laser radar ripple audio data; Vehicle running state information based on satellite fix/dead reckoning/map match (GPS/DR/MM) high accuracy integrated positioning system; Information gathering based on RFID; Based between the vehicle of 2.5G/3G/CALM module and the traffic Internet of Things information centre communicate by letter and based on communicating by letter between the vehicle/ship of Dedicated Short Range Communications,/wireless sensor network (DSRC/WSN) unit and infrastructure, vehicle and the vehicle/ship ship etc.Bottom entity physical location can detect or reflect the operation conditions of equipment, all kinds of parameters; And has a bi-directional communication function; Set up the primitive base,, avoid high layer software to understand the bottom details by acting on behalf of Agent.
The traffic Internet of Things hierarchical architecture model that converges based on information maps directly to bottom-layer network hardware, and every machine in the permission network only need be handled the operation relevant with data packet delivery and get final product; Information converges and makes that the system of whole internet is more flexible.
Realize that increasingly automated data communication generally all can be extremely complicated between the network.Reference is to the thought of complication system case study research, and hierarchy has important effect for understanding and planned network agreement.For can understand better with transport solution Internet of Things network design in problem, need to adopt some effective thoughts, method and technology, as hierarchy etc.So-called layering, all functions that will finish the compunication overall process exactly are divided into several layers, some functions independently of each layer correspondence.Thereby with huge and complicated problems is converted into some less local problems, and these less local problems study and handle than being easier to.
In network, can carry out structuring by layer mode, more abstract function can define with the structure of lower level and realize.Wherein each layer has all been hidden the characteristic that needs that do not meet of transmission channel, thereby passage is converted into even more ideal medium.Fig. 4 has represented the Network Layering structure.All protocol functions of n layer have formed a logic entity.In this model, be called as " peer-entities ".According to custom, the vertical boundary between two adjacent layers is called " interface ", and is called " peer protocol " at the horizontal boundary of two inter-entity that belong to different system.Because the application specific details of interlayer interface itself can be hidden from environment simply, so in this system, have only peer protocol need set up standard.
Interface between adjacent two layers is defined as the set of " service access point ", and these " service access points " are provided by low layer, uses for high-rise.The information that exchanges is progressively added form by each layer with data cell or packet.From carrying out sequence, transmitting terminal is with top progressively downwards the be delivered to physical layer of information from its use, pass to another system by the actual physical circuit from a system then, progressively explain during by protocol architecture in information by receiving terminal afterwards, finally arrive the top of receiving terminal.
Layering of the present invention has independence, and bottom entity physical location can detect or reflect the operation conditions of equipment, all kinds of parameters; And has a bi-directional communication function; Set up the primitive base,, avoid high layer software to understand the bottom details by acting on behalf of Agent.How following one deck that certain one deck does not need to know it is realized, and is only needed to know the service that interface provided of this layer by interlayer.Divisible on the structure, flexibility is good, and adaptability is strong.When any one deck changes, as long as interlayer interface relation remains unchanged, then more than this layer or each following layer all unaffected.So be easy to expand or change agreement.Each layer can adopt only technology to realize.Simultaneously, separate with the low layer details, be easy to realization, maintenance and standardization by work with high level.Because whole system has been broken down into several relatively independent subsystems, make realization and debugging become easy.Because function of each layer and the service that is provided thereof have all had accurate explanation, be easy to standardization.Therefore, the traffic Internet of Things architectural framework model that the present invention adopts information to converge with layering can well carry out effective integration to the information of key elements such as people, car, ship, road, water, environment, set up on a large scale, full-time sky, in real time, traffic management system accurately and efficiently, improve service ability.
In conjunction with the service application of traffic Internet of Things, the present invention proposes layer architecture: 5 layers of physical entity layer, network layer, transport layer, application layer, information convergence-levels etc.As shown in Figure 5.Owing to adopting the various existing communication standards of industry between each layer or aiming at the brand-new standard that the special demands of traffic Internet of Things develop, therefore, a series of communication standards that this protocol model provided are enough to satisfy the demand of traffic Internet of Things.
The information convergence-level: the transmission standard that data element that application program handles, object, information etc. mainly are provided and relevant database etc., finish satisfy the need, physical objecies such as water running environment, car, ship carry out data refinement, excavation, fusion; Standard communication protocol and cloud computing platform are mutual; Functions such as event prediction, fault location and analysis, system reconfiguration and expansion, self-healing processing and online evaluation.
Application layer: main purpose is the dialogue between tissue and synchronous two session service users, and the exchange of responsible data.Comprise the data format conversion simultaneously, data encryption and deciphering, functions such as data compression and recovery.The structure of packets of information and the standard of session management mainly are provided.The main agreement of application layer has: Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP:SimpleNetwork Management Protocol), simple transportation management agreement (STMP:Simple TransportationManagement Protocol), TFTP (TFTP:Trivial File Transfer Protocol), file transfer protocol (FTP) (FTP:File Transfer Protocol) system data exchange agreement (DATEX:Data ExchangeBetween Systems), general object request broker system (CORBA:Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture) etc.
Transport layer: be to provide end-to-end reliably (end-to-end) service, transmit message pellucidly to the user.It has shielded the details of lower floor's data communication to high level, thereby is one deck of most critical in the compunication architecture.Information package mainly be provided, cut apart, the standard of aspect such as combination and route.The main agreement of transport layer has: transmission control protocol TCP, Internet protocol (IP, InternetProtocol), User Datagram Protoco (UDP) (UDP, UserDatagramProtocol), RTP (RTP, Real-time Transport Protocol), transport layer identification protocol Null etc.
Network layer: be rules or the agreement that realizes that the data link controlled function is formulated, the standard of entity interface is provided.The main agreement of network layer has: Synchronous Digital Transmission Network (SDH:Synchronos Digital Hierarchy), Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), IEEE 802.1 standards, IEEE 802.2 standards, IEEE 802.3 standards, IEEE 802.4 standards, IEEE 802.5 standards, IEEE 802.11 standards, multi-service transport platform (MSTP:Multi-service transportplatform), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM:Asynchronoous Transfer Mode), serial transmission line IP agreement (SLIP:Serial Line IP), point-to-point protocol (PPP:Point to Point Protocol), point-to-multipoint agreement (PMPP:Point-to-Multipoint Protocol), CALM, 3G, 802.11p, 802.16e, Ad hoc, radio sensing network Zigbee etc.
Bottom entity physical layer: be the bottom of standard architecture, what mainly consider during this layer design is the bit stream that how to transmit various data on the transmission medium that connects open system.The communication transmission media that has comprised entity, the operation conditions of detection or reflection equipment, all kinds of parameters; Requirement has bi-directional communication function; Set up the primitive base,, avoid high layer software to understand the bottom details by acting on behalf of Agent.Interface and agreement that physical layer relates to have: airfield equipment control protocols such as RS-232 interface, RS-422 interface, RS-485 interface, RJ-11, RJ-45 interface, bnc interface, VF-45 interface, V35 interface, V5 interface, Q9 type radio frequency connector and video camera, advices plate etc.
Each layer of traffic Internet of Things network and the set of agreement thereof are called the architecture of network.The traffic internet of things system structure be exactly to this computer network and parts thereof the explication of the function that should finish.It is emphasized that: it does not describe concrete agreement and the service that is used for each layer definitely, and only be to tell us what each layer should do, with which kind of hardware or software finish as for these functions, then be a problem of implementation of following this architecture actually.That is to say that architecture is abstract, realize it then being concrete.
At present, the priority application of a considerable amount of sensor networks is the data pick-up effect to sensor network, usually these only often use need be to some statistical informations of sensor network perception data, and do not need to obtain a large amount of original perception informations.Such operation be supported and be realized to the inquiry mechanism of sensor network can effectively by assembling inquiry, by customizing concrete gathering query manipulation, calculate and storage capacity this locality that makes full use of sensor node, intermediate node on network carries out corresponding aggregation operator to perception data, to its filter, conclude, compression etc. assembles and realizes, reduce the transmission quantity of network data effectively, reach the purpose of saving energy consumption.The wireless sensor network node limited energy, and transfer of data is the activity of sensor network consumed energy maximum, therefore the data that how to reduce in the network are major issues of the required concern of researcher.
Information fusion converges to be integrated the data of polytype transducer or detection source (roadside and Che Nei) and outside source exactly to obtain high-caliber data and information, and these data and information cannot obtain by single transducer and signal source.
Data fusion converges the raising quality of data, improves reliability, accuracy and consistency.Secondly, data fusion converges the defective that is used for filling up Detection Techniques, and alleviates the influence that each transducer is subjected to fault.The 3rd, because transducer and technology limitation, some information can't directly be measured by transducer, but can accomplish by data fusion.The last point advantage is related with the quality of data little, but is related to quantity, and data fusion will reduce the desired volume of Relational database, for operation has alleviated burden, improve efficient.Video data in Fig. 6 merges the process that converges.The signal that transducer or other physical entities send is derivatized to original measurement value, and original measurement is through inter-process and reasonableness check and detection algorithm, through the output of different sensors.Then, carry out the object refinement, promptly processing entities comprises the position, track, identity, active state or the like, refinement to as if according to the information in different input data and transducer and other sources.These information are further passed through the environment refinement, and promptly the entity situation comprises getting in touch of this entity and other entities, the polymerization of information etc.
According to the demand of traffic Internet of Things, the traffic Internet of Things hierarchical architecture model that converges based on information is a complex large system that is formed by the subsystem effective integration that realizes various difference in functionalitys.As a big system, it has realized interconnection and interflow, effective integration between each subsystem, guarantees that the traffic Internet of Things coordinates normal development, and in the actual motion of traffic system performance its deciding factor of effect should be arranged.
The traffic Internet of Things hierarchical architecture that the information of the present invention is based on converges has realized the comprehensive utilization to transport information, not only can realize issue to transport information, and can carry out short-period forecast to the traffic flow situation, statistical analysis etc., for the optimization of traffic flow organization scheme and the development of urban highway traffic provide reliable decision-making foundation, strengthen the comprehensive treatment capability of transport information.By the traffic Internet of Things information platform system that converges based on information, can avoid the data repeated acquisition, realize resource-sharing, the data of accelerating between each subsystem exchange, and have realized resource-sharing, reduce the operation cost of whole system.Simultaneously, information platform system provides interface for the expansion of systemic-function, and the foundation of system will be step by step, finish by stages.Other subsystem encapsulation can be got up by information platform system, help the exploitation of information system and further expand.
Claims (5)
1. the traffic Internet of Things hierarchical architecture that converges based on information is characterized in that comprising entity physical layer, network layer, transport layer, base application layer and information convergence-level, wherein:
The entity physical layer comprises Internet of Things sensing data harvester and network communication interface, and the sensing data harvester is gathered various transport information, and described transport information is sent to network layer by network communication interface;
Network layer is the transmission terminal device of various wireless networks, and described transmission terminal device is supported various wireless communication protocols, is used to realize wireless network transmissions;
Transport layer is various wireless networks, transport information is packed, cuts apart, is made up, and set up routed path, and the transport information of network layer is transferred to the base application layer by wireless mode;
The base application layer comprises various transport information applied function modules, described transport information applied function module is the functional module that various application transport information manage, plan traffic, the base application layer carries out the data format conversion to the transport information that is received by transport layer, data encryption and deciphering, data compression and recovery, the transport information of obtaining is issued, upgraded, and be transmitted through the network to the information convergence-level;
Information convergence-level: be existing business platform between the traffic Internet of Things every profession and trade, protocol interface and terminal are collaborative, realize the bottom locator data, sensing data, disturb fusion and aggregation scheme between resolving, satisfy the demand of related objective object and practical application scene, the information convergence-level comprises the large object relevant database that stores space-time data and characteristic attribute thereof, the information convergence-level is also stored road/navigation channel geometric data frame model and temporal index, distributing traffic information, described information converges efficiency analysis and the data Layer fusion that comprises based on the circumstance state information of car/on-board sensor level, fusion treatment based on feature level circumstance state information, based on the data mining theories of Floating Car/ship technology and method and based on the Knowledge Discovery and the dynamic prediction of the transport information of self-organization theory, the data that converge comprise: the GIS data, the environmental objects refining data, the traffic resource management data, operation data, management data releases news, emergency dynamic data and metadata;
Wherein, information convergence-level and entity physical layer are by acting on behalf of the mapping relations that Agent forms the primitive level, realize the awareness apparatus primitive of bottom entity physical layer and the mapping between the instruction of upper strata, finish the fusion of cross-platform, trans-sectoral affair system, realization satisfies the need/and water running environment, car/shipping row environment, physical object carry out data refinement, data mining, mutual by standard communication protocol mutually, realization event prediction, fault location and analysis, system reconfiguration and expansion, self-healing processing and online evaluation function.
2. the traffic Internet of Things hierarchical architecture that converges based on information according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the entity physical layer is the bottom of framework, this layer is used for the bit stream of the various data of transmission on the transmission medium that connects open system, the communication transmission media that has comprised entity, operation conditions, the device parameter of detection or reflection equipment; Has bi-directional communication function; Interface and agreement that the entity physical layer relates to comprise: RS-232 interface, RS-422 interface, RS-485 interface, RJ-11, RJ-45 interface, bnc interface, VF-45 interface, V35 interface, V5 interface, Q9 type radio frequency connector and video camera, advices plate and airfield equipment control protocol.
3. the traffic Internet of Things hierarchical architecture that converges based on information according to claim 1, it is characterized in that network layer provides the standard of entity interface according to the various wireless communication protocols that will support, the agreement that network layer relates to comprises: Synchronous Digital Transmission Network, Fiber Distributed Data Interface, IEEE 802.1 standards, IEEE 802.2 standards, IEEE 802.3 standards, IEEE 802.4 standards, IEEE 802.5 standards, IEEE 802.11 standards, multi-service transport platform, asynchronous transfer mode, serial transmission line IP agreement, point-to-point protocol, the point-to-multipoint agreement, CALM, 3G, 802.11p, 802.16e, Ad hoc, radio sensing network Zigbee.
4. the traffic Internet of Things hierarchical architecture that converges based on information according to claim 1, it is characterized in that transport layer provides end-to-end service to the user, transmit the message between the user pellucidly, information package be provided, cut apart, the standard of combination and route aspect, the agreement that transport layer relates to application comprises: transmission control protocol TCP, Internet protocol IP, User Datagram Protoco (UDP) UDP, realtime transmission protocol RTP and transport layer identification protocol Null.
5. the traffic Internet of Things hierarchical architecture that converges based on information according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the base application layer provides the structure of packets of information and the standard of session management, various transport information applied function modules are formed traffic-information service center and collaborative traffic Internet of Things comprehensive service platform, realize information service, comprise based on board information terminal, the traffic information promoting plate, the real-time traffic trip information of transport information radio station and bus or train route/ship navigation channel communication medium form is issued and is upgraded, dynamic navigation with induce, monitoring in real time and scheduling, do not stop the requiring assistance and handling of automatic electronic charging and emergency.
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Application publication date: 20110511 |