CN102053831B - Linux operating system customizing method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Linux operating system customizing method and system, aiming at reducing the difficulty for customizing a Linux operating system. The method comprises the following steps: dividing the Linux operating system into an inner core part, an initial system part, a basic OS (operating system) and an additional OS part; storing a target source code and a target script of the Linux operating system, which are required to be constructed, into a host system; writing the compiling process of the four parts into the target script; and configuring the additional OS part and options in the inner core part according to the user requirement, configuring a dynamic configuration file and executing the target script in the Linux operating system customizing process. The Linux operating system customizing technology provided by the invention is simple, efficient and intelligent and is beneficial to maintenance, and a manager is not required to spend plenty of time and energy when the customized operating system is released, thus being especially applicable to application requiring frequent system publishing in the development of the Linux operating system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to (SuSE) Linux OS, relate in particular to a kind of method for customizing and system of (SuSE) Linux OS.
Background technology
Carrying out (SuSE) Linux OS when customization, general what adopt is LFS (Linux From Scratch, all begin to customize the linux system from source code) mode.It provides the thought of a kind of system customization: all are from source code.Final system is formed by the source code compiling, and the keeper can specify in and where install, and when installs, and installs and how to install each program why.The keeper also can control system all features: directory layout, script setting, safety arrange and tool management etc.The benefit of LFS is exactly that the keeper can control whole system.
LFS needs a host system to come carry LFS subregion, builds an interim compiling system on subregion, then could compile the LFS system.
But, existing LFS customization procedure more complicated, the customization cycle is long, need the manually compiler directive of each source code of input, the beginner there is certain difficulty, and it is more difficult safeguard, when particularly needing continually custom-built system or increase/delete function module in enterprise, it is all very high that handling cost and maintenance cost are required.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is the custom technology that a kind of (SuSE) Linux OS need to be provided, to reduce the difficulty of customization (SuSE) Linux OS.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, at first the present invention provides a kind of method for customizing of (SuSE) Linux OS, comprising:
(SuSE) Linux OS is divided into kernel portion, starter system part, the fundamental operation OS of system part and the additional operations OS of system part;
Store target source code and the target script of described (SuSE) Linux OS to be built in host system;
The compilation process of above-mentioned four parts is written in described target script;
In the customization procedure of described (SuSE) Linux OS, the option of additional OS part according to the user's request configuration and described kernel portion, configuration dynamic-configuration file is carried out described target script;
Wherein:
Described kernel portion is the part with regard to not needing to recompilate again after config option is determined;
A root file system of simulating in internal memory when described starter system partly starts for described (SuSE) Linux OS bundles with described kernel portion;
Described basic OS partly comprises directory layout that implementing procedure, actual root file system comprise, determines fixed configurations, library file and the module file that just can not revise;
Described additional OS partly comprises the later stage may need non-steady configuration and the implementing procedure revised.
Preferably, described basic OS partly comprises basic sub-directory and newly-built sub-directory, and wherein said basic sub-directory is used for preserving initial rpm bag, and described newly-built sub-directory is used for preserving the rpm bag that newly increases.
Preferably, described basic OS part further comprises self-defining script and/or the file carried out.
Preferably, the compilation process of described four parts is written to step in described target script, comprises:
For described kernel portion, preserve a (SuSE) Linux OS source code, a kernel option configuration file and be the catalogue of Linux source code patch installing;
For described starter system part, preserve a original starter system file, and the source code of the module that need to load when initial system boot;
For described basic OS part, preserve the directory layout of the rpm APMB package of common tool in described (SuSE) Linux OS and dynamic-configuration file thereof, described (SuSE) Linux OS.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
When adding general module toward described constructing system, add described general module to described basic OS part, and add the filename of the source code of described general module to dynamic-configuration;
When adding user defined logic interface toward described constructing system, add described custom block to described additional OS part, the source code compilation process of described custom block is added in described target script as self-defining function or custom script, add the filename of the source code of described custom block to dynamic-configuration.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention also provides a kind of custom-built system of (SuSE) Linux OS, comprise dividing module, memory module, writing module and configuration module, wherein:
Described division module is used for (SuSE) Linux OS is divided into kernel portion, starter system part, the fundamental operation OS of system part and the additional operations OS of system part;
Described memory module is for store target source code and the target script of described (SuSE) Linux OS to be built at host system;
The said write module is used for the compilation process of above-mentioned four parts is written to described target script;
Described configuration module is used for the customization procedure at described (SuSE) Linux OS, the option of additional OS part according to the user's request configuration and described kernel portion, and configuration dynamic-configuration file is carried out described target script;
Wherein:
Described kernel portion is the part with regard to not needing to recompilate again after config option is determined;
A root file system of simulating in internal memory when described starter system partly starts for described (SuSE) Linux OS bundles with described kernel portion;
Described basic OS partly comprises directory layout that implementing procedure, described actual root file system comprise, determines fixed configurations, library file and the module file that just can not revise;
Described additional OS partly comprises the later stage may need non-steady configuration and the implementing procedure revised.
Preferably, the described basic OS of described division Module Division partly comprises basic sub-directory and newly-built sub-directory, and wherein said basic sub-directory is used for preserving initial rpm bag, and described newly-built sub-directory is used for preserving the rpm bag that newly increases.
Preferably, the described basic OS part of described division Module Division further comprises self-defining script and/or the file carried out.
Preferably, for described kernel portion, the said write module is used for preserving a (SuSE) Linux OS source code, a kernel option configuration file and being the catalogue of Linux source code patch installing; For described starter system part, the said write module is used for preserving a original starter system file, and the source code of the module that need to load when initial system boot; For described basic OS part, the said write module is used for preserving the directory layout of the rpm APMB package of described (SuSE) Linux OS common tool and dynamic-configuration file thereof, described (SuSE) Linux OS.
Preferably, when described configuration module is further used for adding general module toward described constructing system, add described general module to described basic OS part, and add the filename of the source code of described general module to dynamic-configuration; When described configuration module is further used for adding user defined logic interface toward described constructing system, add described custom block to described additional OS part, the source code compilation process of described custom block is added in described target script as self-defining function or custom script, add the filename of the source code of described custom block to dynamic-configuration.
Compared with prior art, the custom technology of the (SuSE) Linux OS that the invention provides a kind of simple, efficient, intelligence and be conducive to safeguard, do not need the supvr to spend plenty of time and energy when the operating system of publishing of customized, be specially adapted to the application for the frequent delivery system of needs of (SuSE) Linux OS exploitation.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following description, and, partly become apparent from instructions, perhaps understand by implementing the present invention.Purpose of the present invention and other advantages can realize and obtain by specifically noted structure in instructions, claims and accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and consists of the part of instructions, is used for together with embodiments of the present invention explaining the present invention, is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of method for customizing of the (SuSE) Linux OS of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the reference view of the present embodiment customization flow process;
Fig. 3 is the composition schematic diagram of custom-built system of the (SuSE) Linux OS of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the present invention in detail below with reference to drawings and Examples, how the application technology means solve technical matters to the present invention whereby, and the implementation procedure of reaching technique effect can fully understand and implement according to this.
The method for customizing of embodiment one, a kind of (SuSE) Linux OS
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the present embodiment, and Fig. 2 is the reference view of the present embodiment customization flow process.As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment mainly comprises the steps:
Step S110 is divided into four ingredients with (SuSE) Linux OS, is respectively kernel (kernel) part, starter system (initrd.gz) part, fundamental operation system (Operating System, OS) part and additional OS part.
In this step, when (SuSE) Linux OS is divided into above-mentioned four parts, follow following rule:
(1) make as far as possible the part that obtains after division minimum;
(2) very strong relevance is arranged in each several part;
Step when (3) as far as possible reducing program compiler and instrument;
(4) be conducive to interpolation and the deletion of function as far as possible;
(5) can complete well writing of one-touch script (the following target script that also claims) as far as possible;
(6) can optionally build some function as far as possible.
As an independent part, be because can take a large amount of time during recompile kernel with above-mentioned kernel (kernel), in case and after the kernel setup option determines, just do not need to recompilate again.
Above-mentioned starter system (Initrd.gz) can be stored in an Initial R AM disk, when starting as the (SuSE) Linux OS after structure, before real root file system is also unavailable, a root file system of simulating in internal memory, bundle with kernel, load as the part of boot kernel process.
Above-mentioned basic OS comprises some implementing procedures (as vim, gcc, openssh etc.), the directory layout that actual root file system comprises (as/proc, / root, / home etc.), some fixed configurations once determining just can not revise are (as php.ini, httpd.conf, passwd etc. are once the configuration of determining just can not revise), and some storehouses (lib) file, module (module) file etc. can also comprise some self-defining script and/or files etc. carried out; Wherein, implementing procedure generally adopts the form of rpm bag to exist, and the largest benefit that is different from source code is convenient the installation, does not need each instrument to write the script function of a structure, can read the rpm APMB package that need install by dynamic-configuration.
It is (namely also unsettled that above-mentioned additional OS comprises non-steady configuration, need the often configuration of modification in subsequent development or maintenance process) and implementing procedure etc., this non-steady configuration may need often to revise source code, updating file when being included in performance history and later maintenance, and the uncertain module that whether can need in each system etc.
Step S120, after above-mentioned division, setting up a catalogue in host system, to deposit target source code and the one-touch script of constructing system (be also the target script, temporary called after os_build catalogue): one-touch script is placed in a sub-directory, the source code of four ingredients, configuration file, rpm APMB package etc. all leave in separately catalogue, so conveniently check and safeguard each subdivision.
After above-mentioned system divides, (SuSE) Linux OS is divided into 4 internal connections extremely tight, outside substantially without the part of too large contact.
Step S130 is written to the compilation process of aforementioned four ingredients in one-touch script.
Writing that this step is concrete is regular as follows:
Kernel part, kernel sub-directory will be preserved a (SuSE) Linux OS source code, a kernel option configuration file, and the catalogue that is left Linux source code patch installing (patch).
Accordingly, the function that realizes in one-touch script copies the kernel source code exactly to interim compiling catalogue, with the kernel setup file copy that configures in interim source code catalogue, beat patch by reading kernel patch dynamic-configuration file to kernel, then compile kernel and module, after compiling is completed, kernel is copied in the generation catalogue, module is installed to the temp directory of appointment, waits for that basic OS partly is integrated in basic OS.
Initrd.gz part, initrd.gz sub-directory will be preserved a original initrd.gz file, and the source code of some modules that need to load when initrd.gz starts, as some driver modules etc.
The realization flow of compilation facility is: read the driver module that configuration is obtained needs compiling, decompress(ion) carry initrd.gz file, driver module and some can be carried out script join in initrd, then unload boil down to initrd.gz file, copy in the generation catalogue.
Basis OS part: basic OS part will be preserved the directory layout of the rpm APMB package of common tool in (SuSE) Linux OS to be built and dynamic-configuration file thereof, (SuSE) Linux OS to be built and the configuration file (some do not adopt the configuration of acquiescence, and adopt through amended configuration) of related tool etc.
The rpm bag is deposited and is comprised two sub-directories, one is basis (base) sub-directory, one is newly-built (new) sub-directory, the base sub-directory is preserved initial initial rpm bag, if the rpm that newly increases bag is kept at (being also that the new sub-directory is preserved the rpm bag that newly increases) under the new sub-directory, if the benefit of depositing like this is exactly that the rpm bag that newly increases only is installed, only need to install the rpm bag under the new sub-directory, also can spend a large amount of time because the rpm bag is installed.
The realization flow of compilation facility is: first obtains the directory layout of constructing system by configuration, creates each catalogue, then the rpm bag type of judgement compiling, if the dynamic-configuration under the base sub-directory is read in full compiling, the rpm bag in this dynamic-configuration is installed entirely; If not rpm bag in the new catalogue only is installed, the rpm APMB package in base adopts last result of installing to realize installing, and then deletes some man files of installing in the rpm bag, and some instruments that are of little use etc., reduces the size of system; Certainly, if the system disk size is not too short of money, also can not carry out this step, then the configuration file with related tool is installed in corresponding catalogue, then the system module that kernel is partly compiled copies under corresponding lib and modules catalogue, set up link etc., at last whole catalogue packing is stored in the generation catalogue.
Additional OS part: after installing by the compiling of above three parts, system can normally move; And the meaning that this part exists is to realize the otherness of the system of structure.
Above-mentioned three parts have guaranteed the system on a basis, and this part will be added function and the Extraordinary module of own required customization; What deposit under this catalogue is the program of oneself exploitation, perhaps script, the configuration file catalogue of special instrument, and these instruments etc.
The realization flow of compilation facility is: judge that each module source code bag change situation and new source code bag add, then get the configuration of the required interpolation function of keeper, go out in contrast the dynamic-configuration file of the module of a required compiling, call according to this dynamic-configuration file the compiling that corresponding compiling function is realized each module, be installed in corresponding temp directory, then copy corresponding block configuration file to temp directory, after all module compiles are complete, temp directory had suffered pack and copy in the generation catalogue.
Above content is exactly the basic realization flow of one-touch script, and the file of preserving in four ingredients catalogue separately.
Step S140 is after completing one-touch script, in customizing operating system process afterwards, OS part additional according to the user's request configuration, configuration kernel option, configuration rpm dynamic-configuration file, then carry out this one-touch script and complete the whole system customization procedure, convenient succinct efficient.
If need to add certain general module after constructing system is built, such as needs add a general rpm APMB package, only it need to be added in the base sub-directory or new sub-directory of basic OS part, then rpm APMB package title (corresponding to the filename of general module) be added in dynamic-configuration to getting final product; If will add certain custom block that user oneself realizes (as snapshot etc.) after constructing system is built, add the source code of this custom block in the sub-directory of additional OS part, then the source code compilation process of this custom block is added in the target script as a self-defining function or custom script, filename with the source code of this custom block is written in dynamic-configuration again, can compile separately this module during the next time compiling.Therefore, for newly increasing module, no matter be existing module or user defined logic interface, good extendability is all arranged.
After completing one-touch script, each major part is compiled.This compiling can compile entirely, also can only compile the some modules in some parts, and is specific as follows:
Kernel compiling: because the kernel compiling need to expend a large amount of time, so after having determined the kernel setup option and having compiled kernel, republishing system does not just need again to have compiled kernel.
In example of the present invention, the order of kernel compiling is:
#build?kernel。
The initrd.gz compiling: because initrd.gz is an actual root file system carry interim initial root file system before, therefore need the operation of definite module that loads and execution in determining initrd.gz after, initrd.gz also only needs compiling once.
In example of the present invention, the compiler directive of initrd.gz is:
#build?initrd.gz。
Basis OS compiling: because comprised required a large amount of instruments, script, storehouse and the module etc. of system in basic OS, so also can expend a large amount of time when compiling, but these are also very stable, can not revise easily, once get final product therefore generally also only compile, and what main instrument adopted is that the rpm bag is installed, and does not adopt source code (can be more loaded down with trivial details when because of the source code bag, too many instrument being installed).
In example of the present invention, basic OS compiler directive is:
#build?baseos<new|all>。
Additional OS compiling: in a system, need program and the general meeting of instrument of often change fewer, therefore the compilation script of each program can be written as a function at this moment, can first judge which program in script and make change when compiling, then generate a dynamic collector file, call separately compiling function by compilation script according to these modules again, so just can be when only having revised a program, only compile this program, and do not spend the program that compiles other; Also can be after all programs be all changed, then go to compile all programs.
In example of the present invention, additional OS compiler directive is:
#build extra＜all| module 1| module 2| module 3| module ... 〉.
By reading the dynamic-configuration file, the call instruction interface is completed the module compiles that needs.
Also can one-touchly compile, namely carry out following script:
#build?all
Realize entirely compiling and need the part that compiles in aforementioned four ingredients.
In the process of operating system installation and startup, the kernel after compiling and initrd.gz exist with separately form, and basic OS part and additional OS partly exist with the form of compressed package.The installation of the form completion system by the livecd can.
In the startup flow process of operating system, load kernel after entering grub, when os starting enters into initrd.gz, can load the driving that each need to load before main system starts, and carry comprises the disk partition of each module, then each compressed package is unziped in internal memory, then enter actual root file system, namely complete the startup of single job system.
The custom-built system of embodiment two, a kind of (SuSE) Linux OS
In conjunction with aforesaid embodiment one, the present embodiment as shown in Figure 3 mainly comprises divides module 310, memory module 320, writing module 330 and configuration module 340, wherein:
Wherein:
Kernel portion is the part with regard to not needing to recompilate again after config option is determined;
A root file system of simulating in internal memory when starter system partly starts for described (SuSE) Linux OS bundles with kernel portion;
Basis OS partly comprises directory layout that implementing procedure, actual root file system comprise, determines fixed configurations, library file and the module file that just can not revise;
Additional OS partly comprises the later stage may need the non-steady configuration revised and implementing procedure etc.
The basic OS that above-mentioned division module 310 is divided partly comprises basic sub-directory and newly-built sub-directory, and wherein basic sub-directory is used for preserving initial rpm bag, and newly-built sub-directory is used for preserving the rpm bag that newly increases.
The basic OS part that above-mentioned division module 310 is divided further comprises self-defining script and/or the file carried out.
For kernel portion, writing module 330 is used for preserving a (SuSE) Linux OS source code, a kernel option configuration file and being the catalogue of Linux source code patch installing;
For the starter system part, writing module 330 is used for preserving a original starter system file, and the source code of the module that need to load when initial system boot;
For basic OS part, writing module 330 is used for preserving the directory layout of the rpm APMB package of described (SuSE) Linux OS common tool and dynamic-configuration file thereof, described (SuSE) Linux OS.
When above-mentioned configuration module 340 is further used for adding general module toward constructing system, add general module to basic OS part, and add the filename of the source code of general module to dynamic-configuration;
When above-mentioned configuration module 340 is further used for adding user defined logic interface toward constructing system, add custom block to additional OS part, the source code compilation process of custom block is added in the target script as self-defining function or custom script, add the filename of the source code of custom block to dynamic-configuration.
By embodiments of the invention as seen, technical scheme of the present invention has been inherited LFS to the good advantage of controlling of whole operating system, utilize one-touch script in a stable host system, pass through dynamic-configuration, optionally compile certain module and function, when being customized in system, the function that does not need at every turn all to recompilate do not compile, only quote last compiling result, like this in the process of customizing operating system each time, collector and program have as few as possible fully reduced the release cycle of operating system.
Although the disclosed embodiment of the present invention as above, the embodiment that described content just adopts for the ease of understanding the present invention is not to limit the present invention.Technician in any the technical field of the invention; under the prerequisite that does not break away from the disclosed spirit and scope of the present invention; can do any modification and variation what implement in form and on details; but scope of patent protection of the present invention still must be as the criterion with the scope that appending claims was defined.
Claims (10)
1. the method for customizing of a (SuSE) Linux OS, is characterized in that, comprising:
(SuSE) Linux OS is divided into kernel portion, starter system part, the fundamental operation OS of system part and the additional operations OS of system part;
Store target source code and the target script of described (SuSE) Linux OS to be built in host system;
The compilation process of above-mentioned four parts is written in described target script;
In the customization procedure of described (SuSE) Linux OS, the option of additional OS part according to the user's request configuration and described kernel portion, configuration dynamic-configuration file is carried out described target script;
Wherein:
Described kernel portion is the part with regard to not needing to recompilate again after config option is determined;
A root file system of simulating in internal memory when described starter system partly starts for described (SuSE) Linux OS bundles with described kernel portion;
Described basic OS partly comprises directory layout that implementing procedure, actual root file system comprise, determines fixed configurations, library file and the module file that just can not revise;
Described additional OS partly comprises the later stage may need non-steady configuration and the implementing procedure revised.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described basic OS partly comprises basic sub-directory and newly-built sub-directory, and wherein said basic sub-directory is used for preserving initial rpm bag, and described newly-built sub-directory is used for preserving the rpm bag that newly increases.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that:
Described basic OS part further comprises self-defining script and/or the file carried out.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the compilation process of described four parts is written to step in described target script, comprising:
For described kernel portion, preserve a (SuSE) Linux OS source code, a kernel option configuration file and be the catalogue of Linux source code patch installing;
For described starter system part, preserve a original starter system file, and the source code of the module that need to load when initial system boot;
For described basic OS part, preserve the directory layout of the rpm APMB package of common tool in described (SuSE) Linux OS and dynamic-configuration file thereof, described (SuSE) Linux OS.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the method further comprises:
When adding general module toward described constructing system, add described general module to described basic OS part, and add the filename of the source code of described general module to dynamic-configuration;
When adding user defined logic interface toward described constructing system, add described custom block to described additional OS part, the source code compilation process of described custom block is added in described target script as self-defining function or custom script, add the filename of the source code of described custom block to described dynamic-configuration.
6. the custom-built system of a (SuSE) Linux OS, is characterized in that, comprise dividing module, memory module, writing module and configuration module, wherein:
Described division module is used for (SuSE) Linux OS is divided into kernel portion, starter system part, the fundamental operation OS of system part and the additional operations OS of system part;
Described memory module is for store target source code and the target script of described (SuSE) Linux OS to be built at host system;
The said write module is used for the compilation process of above-mentioned four parts is written to described target script;
Described configuration module is used for the customization procedure at described (SuSE) Linux OS, the option of additional OS part according to the user's request configuration and described kernel portion, and configuration dynamic-configuration file is carried out described target script;
Wherein:
Described kernel portion is the part with regard to not needing to recompilate again after config option is determined;
A root file system of simulating in internal memory when described starter system partly starts for described (SuSE) Linux OS bundles with described kernel portion;
Described basic OS partly comprises directory layout that implementing procedure, actual root file system comprise, determines fixed configurations, library file and the module file that just can not revise;
Described additional OS partly comprises the later stage may need non-steady configuration and the implementing procedure revised.
7. system according to claim 6 is characterized in that:
The described basic OS of described division Module Division partly comprises basic sub-directory and newly-built sub-directory, and wherein said basic sub-directory is used for preserving initial rpm bag, and described newly-built sub-directory is used for preserving the rpm bag that newly increases.
8. according to claim 6 or 7 described systems is characterized in that:
The described basic OS part of described division Module Division further comprises self-defining script and/or the file carried out.
9. system according to claim 6 is characterized in that:
For described kernel portion, the said write module is used for preserving a (SuSE) Linux OS source code, a kernel option configuration file and being the catalogue of Linux source code patch installing;
For described starter system part, the said write module is used for preserving a original starter system file, and the source code of the module that need to load when initial system boot;
For described basic OS part, the said write module is used for preserving the directory layout of the rpm APMB package of described (SuSE) Linux OS common tool and dynamic-configuration file thereof, described (SuSE) Linux OS.
10. system according to claim 6 is characterized in that:
When described configuration module is further used for adding general module toward described constructing system, add described general module to described basic OS part, and add the filename of the source code of described general module to dynamic-configuration;
When described configuration module is further used for adding user defined logic interface toward described constructing system, add described custom block to described additional OS part, the source code compilation process of described custom block is added in described target script as self-defining function or custom script, add the filename of the source code of described custom block to described dynamic-configuration.
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| CN103309706B (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2016-12-28 | 中标软件有限公司 | Memory file system preparation method based on (SuSE) Linux OS and unit |
| CN103577225B (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2016-11-23 | 北京奇虎科技有限公司 | A kind of software installation method and device |
| CN103645888B (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2017-02-08 | 普华基础软件股份有限公司 | System and method for automatically building operation system |
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