CN102053831A - Linux operating system customizing method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Linux operating system customizing method and system, aiming at reducing the difficulty for customizing a Linux operating system. The method comprises the following steps: dividing the Linux operating system into an inner core part, an initial system part, a basic OS (operating system) and an additional OS part; storing a target source code and a target script of the Linux operating system, which are required to be constructed, into a host system; writing the compiling process of the four parts into the target script; and configuring the additional OS part and options in the inner core part according to the user requirement, configuring a dynamic configuration file and executing the target script in the Linux operating system customizing process. The Linux operating system customizing technology provided by the invention is simple, efficient and intelligent and is beneficial to maintenance, and a manager is not required to spend plenty of time and energy when the customized operating system is released, thus being especially applicable to application requiring frequent system publishing in the development of the Linux operating system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to (SuSE) Linux OS, relate in particular to a kind of method for customizing and system of (SuSE) Linux OS.
Background technology
When carrying out the (SuSE) Linux OS customization, what generally adopt is LFS (Linux From Scratch, all begin to customize the linux system from source code) mode.It provides a kind of thought of system customization: all are from source code.Final system is formed by the source code compiling, and the keeper can specify in and where install, and when installs, and installs and how to install each program why.The keeper also can control system all features: directory layout, script setting, security set and tool management or the like.The benefit of LFS is exactly that the keeper can control total system.
LFS needs a host system to come carry LFS subregion, makes up an interim compiling system on subregion, could compile the LFS system then.
But, existing LFS customization procedure more complicated, the customization cycle is long, need the manually compiler directive of each source code of input, the beginner there is certain difficulty, and the comparison difficulty of safeguard, when particularly needing continually custom-built system or increase/delete function module in enterprise, it all is very high that handling cost and maintenance cost are required.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is the custom technology that a kind of (SuSE) Linux OS need be provided, to reduce the difficulty of customization (SuSE) Linux OS.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention at first provides a kind of method for customizing of (SuSE) Linux OS, comprises the steps:
(SuSE) Linux OS is divided into kernel portion, starter system part, fundamental operation system (OS) part and additional OS part;
The target source code and the target script of the described (SuSE) Linux OS that storage is to be made up in host system;
The compilation process of above-mentioned four parts is written in the described target script;
In the customization procedure of described (SuSE) Linux OS, dispose the option of described additional OS part and described kernel portion according to user's request, configuration dynamic-configuration file is carried out described target script;
Wherein:
Described kernel portion is that config option determines that the back does not just need the part that recompilates again;
A root file system of simulating in internal memory when described starter system partly starts for described (SuSE) Linux OS bundles with described kernel portion;
The directory layout that described basic OS partly comprises implementing procedure, described actual root file system and comprised, determine fixed configurations, library file and the module file that just can not revise;
Described additional OS partly comprises the later stage may need non-steady configuration and the implementing procedure revised.
Preferably, described basic OS partly comprises basic sub-directory and newly-built sub-directory, and wherein said basic sub-directory is used to preserve initial rpm bag, and described newly-built sub-directory is used to preserve the rpm bag that increases newly.
Preferably, described basic OS part further comprises self-defining script and/or the file carried out.
Preferably, the compilation process of described four parts is written to step in the described script, comprises:
For described kernel portion, preserve a (SuSE) Linux OS source code, a kernel option configuration file and be the catalogue of Linux source code patch installing;
For described starter system part, preserve a original starter system file, and the source code of the module that need when initial system boot, load;
For described basic OS part, preserve the directory layout of the rpm APMB package of common tool in the described (SuSE) Linux OS and dynamic-configuration file thereof, described (SuSE) Linux OS.
Preferably, this method further comprises:
When adding general module, add described general module to described basic OS part, and add the filename of the source code of described general module to described dynamic-configuration toward described constructing system;
When adding the User Defined module toward described constructing system, add described custom block to described additional OS part, the source code compilation process of described custom block is added in the described target script as self-defining function or custom script, add the filename of the source code of described custom block to described dynamic-configuration.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention also provides a kind of custom-built system of (SuSE) Linux OS, comprise dividing module, memory module, writing module and configuration module, wherein:
Described division module is used for (SuSE) Linux OS is divided into kernel portion, starter system part, fundamental operation system (OS) part and additional OS part;
Described memory module is used for target source code and target script at host system storage described (SuSE) Linux OS to be made up;
The said write module is used for the compilation process of above-mentioned four parts is written to described target script;
Described configuration module is used for the customization procedure at described (SuSE) Linux OS, disposes the option of described additional OS part and described kernel portion according to user's request, and configuration dynamic-configuration file is carried out described target script;
Wherein:
Described kernel portion is that config option determines that the back does not just need the part that recompilates again;
A root file system of simulating in internal memory when described starter system partly starts for described (SuSE) Linux OS bundles with described kernel portion;
The directory layout that described basic OS partly comprises implementing procedure, described actual root file system and comprised, determine fixed configurations, library file and the module file that just can not revise;
Described additional OS partly comprises the later stage may need non-steady configuration and the implementing procedure revised.
Preferably, the described basic OS of described division Module Division partly comprises basic sub-directory and newly-built sub-directory, and wherein said basic sub-directory is used to preserve initial rpm bag, and described newly-built sub-directory is used to preserve the rpm bag that increases newly.
Preferably, the described basic OS part of described division Module Division further comprises self-defining script and/or the file carried out.
Preferably, for described kernel portion, the said write module is used to preserve a (SuSE) Linux OS source code, a kernel option configuration file and is the catalogue of Linux source code patch installing; For described starter system part, the said write module is used to preserve a original starter system file, and the source code of the module that need load when initial system boot; For described basic OS part, the said write module is used for preserving the directory layout of the rpm APMB package of described (SuSE) Linux OS common tool and dynamic-configuration file thereof, described (SuSE) Linux OS.
Preferably, when described configuration module is further used for adding general module toward described constructing system, add described general module to described basic OS part, and add the filename of the source code of described general module to described dynamic-configuration; When described configuration module is further used for adding the User Defined module toward described constructing system, add described custom block to described additional OS part, the source code compilation process of described custom block is added in the described target script as self-defining function or custom script, add the filename of the source code of described custom block to described dynamic-configuration.
Compared with prior art, the custom technology of the (SuSE) Linux OS that the invention provides a kind of simple, efficient, intelligence and help safeguarding, do not need the supvr when the operating system of publishing of customized, to spend plenty of time and energy, be specially adapted to application at the frequent delivery system of needs of (SuSE) Linux OS exploitation.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following description, and, partly from instructions, become apparent, perhaps understand by implementing the present invention.Purpose of the present invention and other advantages can realize and obtain by specifically noted structure in instructions, claims and accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes the part of instructions, is used from explanation the present invention with embodiments of the invention one, is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of method for customizing of the (SuSE) Linux OS of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the reference view of present embodiment customization flow process;
Fig. 3 is the composition synoptic diagram of custom-built system of the (SuSE) Linux OS of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the present invention in detail below with reference to drawings and Examples, how the application technology means solve technical matters to the present invention whereby, and the implementation procedure of reaching technique effect can fully understand and implements according to this.
The method for customizing of embodiment one, a kind of (SuSE) Linux OS
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of present embodiment, and Fig. 2 is the reference view of present embodiment customization flow process.As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment mainly comprises the steps:
Step S110 is divided into four ingredients with (SuSE) Linux OS, is respectively kernel (kernel) part, starter system (initrd.gz) part, fundamental operation system (Operating System, OS) part and additional OS part.
In this step, when (SuSE) Linux OS being divided into above-mentioned four parts, follow following rule:
(1) part that obtains after feasible as far as possible the division is minimum;
(2) very strong relevance is arranged in the each several part;
Step when (3) as far as possible reducing program compiler and instrument;
(4) help the interpolation and the deletion of function as far as possible;
(5) can finish writing of one-touch script (the following target script that also claims) well as far as possible;
(6) can optionally make up some function as far as possible.
As an independent part, is because the kernel compiling time can take a large amount of time with above-mentioned kernel (kernel), in case and after the kernel config option determines, just do not need to recompilate again.
Above-mentioned starter system (Initrd.gz) can be stored in the Initial R AM disk, when starting as the (SuSE) Linux OS behind structure, before real root file system is also unavailable, a root file system of in internal memory, simulating, bundle with kernel, load as the part of boot kernel process.
Above-mentioned basic OS comprises the several tools program (as vim, gcc, openssh etc.), the directory layout that actual root file system comprised (as/proc, / root, / home etc.), some once the fixed configurations of determining just can not to revise (as php.ini, httpd.conf, passwd etc. are once the configuration of determining just can not revise), and some storehouses (lib) file, module (module) file or the like can also comprise some self-defining script and/or files etc. carried out; Wherein, implementing procedure generally adopts the form of rpm bag to exist, and the largest benefit that is different from source code is convenient the installation, does not need each instrument to write the script function of a structure, can read the rpm APMB package that need install by dynamic-configuration.
It is (promptly also unsettled that above-mentioned additional OS comprises non-steady configuration, need the often configuration of modification in subsequent development or the maintenance process) and implementing procedure etc., this non-steady configuration may need often to revise source code, updating file when being included in performance history and later maintenance, and the uncertain module that whether in each system, all can need etc.
Step S120, after above-mentioned division, setting up a catalogue in host system, to deposit the target source code and the one-touch script of constructing system (also be the target script, temporary called after os_build catalogue): one-touch script is placed in the sub-directory, the source code of four ingredients, configuration file, rpm APMB package etc. all leave in separately the catalogue, so conveniently check and safeguard each subdivision.
After above-mentioned system divides, it is extremely tight that (SuSE) Linux OS is divided into 4 internal connections, the outside part of not having too big contact substantially.
Step S130 is written to the compilation process of aforementioned four ingredients in the one-touch script.
Writing that this step is concrete is regular as follows:
Kernel part, kernel sub-directory will be preserved a (SuSE) Linux OS source code, a kernel option configuration file, and the catalogue that is left Linux source code patch installing (patch).
Accordingly, the function that realizes in the one-touch script copies the kernel source code exactly to interim compiling catalogue, the kernel configuration file that configures is copied in the interim source code catalogue, come to beat patch by reading kernel patch dynamic-configuration file to kernel, compile kernel and module then, after compiling is finished, kernel is copied in the generation catalogue, module is installed to the temp directory of appointment, waits for that basic OS partly is integrated among the basic OS.
Initrd.gz part, initrd.gz sub-directory will be preserved a original initrd.gz file, and the source code of some modules that need load when initrd.gz starts, as some driver modules etc.
The realization flow of compilation facility is: read the driver module that configuration is obtained needs compiling, decompress(ion) carry initrd.gz file, driver module and some can be carried out script join among the initrd, unload boil down to initrd.gz file then, copy in the generation catalogue.
Basis OS part: the directory layout of the rpm APMB package of common tool and dynamic-configuration file thereof in basic OS part the (SuSE) Linux OS that preservation is to be made up, (SuSE) Linux OS to be made up and the configuration file (some do not adopt the configuration of acquiescence, and adopt through amended configuration) of related tool etc.
The rpm bag is deposited and is comprised two sub-directories, one is basis (base) sub-directory, one is newly-built (new) sub-directory, the base sub-directory is preserved initial initial rpm bag, if the rpm that increases newly bag then is kept at (also being that the new sub-directory is preserved the rpm bag that increases newly) under the new sub-directory, the benefit of depositing like this is exactly if the rpm bag that increases newly only is installed, then only need to install the rpm bag under the new sub-directory, also can spend a large amount of time because the rpm bag is installed.
The realization flow of compilation facility is: obtain the directory layout of constructing system earlier by configuration, create each catalogue, judge the rpm bag type of compiling again, if the dynamic-configuration under the base sub-directory is then read in full compiling, the rpm bag in this dynamic-configuration is installed entirely; If not rpm bag in the new catalogue then only is installed, the rpm APMB package among the base adopts the last result who installs to realize installing, and deletes some man files of installing in the rpm bag then, and some instruments that are of little use etc., reduces the size of system; Certainly, if the system disk size is not too short of money, also can not carry out this step, configuration file with related tool is installed in the corresponding catalogue then, the system module that kernel is partly compiled copies under corresponding lib and the modules catalogue then, set up link etc., at last whole catalogue packing is stored in the generation catalogue.
Additional OS part: after the compiling installation by above three parts, system can normally move; And the meaning that this part exists is to realize the otherness of the system of structure.
Above-mentioned three parts have guaranteed the system on a basis, and this part will be added the function and the personalized module of own required customization; What deposit under this catalogue is the program of oneself exploitation, perhaps script, and more special instrument, and the configuration file catalogue of these instruments etc.
The realization flow of compilation facility is: judge that each module source code bag change situation and new source code bag add, get access to the configuration of the required interpolation function of keeper then, go out the dynamic-configuration file of the module of a required compiling in contrast, call the compiling that corresponding compiling function is realized each module according to this dynamic-configuration file, be installed in the corresponding temp directory, copy corresponding block configuration file then to temp directory, after all module compiles are intact, temp directory had suffered packing and copy to generate in the catalogue.
Above content is exactly the basic realization flow of one-touch script, and the file of being preserved in four ingredients catalogue separately.
Step S140, finish one-touch script after, in the customization operations systematic procedure afterwards, according to the additional OS part of user's request configuration, configuration kernel option, configuration rpm dynamic-configuration file, carry out this one-touch script then and finish the total system customization procedure, convenient succinct efficient.
If after constructing system is built, need to add certain general module, add a general rpm APMB package such as needs, then only it need be added in the base sub-directory or new sub-directory of basic OS part, then rpm APMB package title (corresponding to the filename of general module) be added in the dynamic-configuration to getting final product; If will after constructing system is built, add certain custom block that user oneself realizes (as snapshot etc.), the source code that then adds this custom block is in the sub-directory of additional OS part, then the source code compilation process of this custom block is added in the target script as a self-defining function or custom script, filename with the source code of this custom block is written in the dynamic-configuration again, can compile this module separately during the next time compiling.Therefore, for increasing module newly, no matter be existing module or User Defined module, favorable expansibility is all arranged.
After finishing one-touch script, each major part is compiled.This compiling can compile entirely, also can only compile the some modules in some parts, and is specific as follows:
Kernel compiling: because the kernel compiling need expend a large amount of time, so after having determined the kernel config option and having compiled kernel, republishing system does not just need to have compiled kernel once more.
In example of the present invention, the order of kernel compiling is:
#build?kernel。
Initrd.gz compiles: because of initrd.gz is an actual root file system carry interim initial root file system before, so need the operation of definite module that loads and execution in definite initrd.gz after, initrd.gz also only need compile once.
In example of the present invention, the compiler directive of initrd.gz is:
#build?initrd.gz。
Basis OS compiling: because comprised required a large amount of instruments, script, storehouse and the module etc. of system among the basic OS, so when compiling, also can expend a large amount of time, but these also are very stable, can not revise easily, once get final product so generally also only compile, and what main instrument adopted is that the rpm bag is installed, and does not adopt source code (can be more loaded down with trivial details when because of the source code bag too many instrument being installed).
In example of the present invention, basic OS compiler directive is:
#build?baseos＜new|all＞。
Additional OS compiling: in a system, need the program and the general meeting of instrument of often change fewer, therefore the compilation script of each program can be written as a function at this moment, when compiling, can in script, judge which program earlier and make change, generate a dynamic collector file then, call separately compiling function by compilation script according to these modules again, so just can be when only having revised a program, only compile this program, and do not spend the program that compiles other; Also can after all changing, all programs go to compile all programs again.
In example of the present invention, additional OS compiler directive is:
#build extra＜all | module 1| module 2| module 3| module ...＞.
By reading the dynamic-configuration file, the call instruction interface is finished the module compiles that needs.
Also can one-touchly compile, promptly carry out following script:
#build?all
Realize compiling entirely and need the part that compiles in aforementioned four ingredients.
In the process of operating system installation and startup, kernel after the compiling and initrd.gz exist with separately form, and basic OS part and additional OS partly then exist with the form of compressed package.Finish the installation of system by the form of livecd can.
In the startup flow process of operating system, load kernel after entering grub, when os starting enters into initrd.gz, can load the driving that each need load before main system starts, and carry comprises the disk partition of each module, then each compressed package is unziped in the internal memory, enter actual root file system again, promptly finish the startup of single job system.
The custom-built system of embodiment two, a kind of (SuSE) Linux OS
In conjunction with aforesaid embodiment one, present embodiment as shown in Figure 3 mainly comprises divides module 310, memory module 320, writing module 330 and configuration module 340, wherein:
Wherein:
Kernel portion is that config option determines that the back does not just need the part that recompilates again;
A root file system of simulating in internal memory when starter system partly starts for described (SuSE) Linux OS bundles with kernel portion;
The directory layout that basis OS partly comprises implementing procedure, actual root file system and comprised, determine fixed configurations, library file and the module file that just can not revise;
Additional OS partly comprises the later stage may need the non-steady configuration revised and implementing procedure etc.
The basic OS that above-mentioned division module 310 is divided partly comprises basic sub-directory and newly-built sub-directory, and wherein basic sub-directory is used to preserve initial rpm bag, and newly-built sub-directory is used to preserve the rpm bag that increases newly.
The basic OS part that above-mentioned division module 310 is divided further comprises self-defining script and/or the file carried out.
For kernel portion, writing module 330 is used to preserve a (SuSE) Linux OS source code, a kernel option configuration file and is the catalogue of Linux source code patch installing;
For the starter system part, writing module 330 is used to preserve a original starter system file, and the source code of the module that need load when initial system boot;
For basic OS part, writing module 330 is used for preserving the directory layout of the rpm APMB package of described (SuSE) Linux OS common tool and dynamic-configuration file thereof, described (SuSE) Linux OS.
When above-mentioned configuration module 340 is further used for adding general module toward constructing system, add general module to basic OS part, and add the filename of the source code of general module to dynamic-configuration;
When above-mentioned configuration module 340 is further used for toward constructing system interpolation User Defined module, add custom block to additional OS part, the source code compilation process of custom block is added in the target script as self-defining function or custom script, add the filename of the source code of custom block to dynamic-configuration.
By embodiments of the invention as seen, technical scheme of the present invention has been inherited LFS to the good advantage of controlling of whole operation system, in a stable host system, utilize one-touch script, pass through dynamic-configuration, optionally compile certain module and function, the function that do not need at every turn all to recompilate is not compiled when the system customization, only quote last compiling result, like this in the process of customization operations system each time, collector and program have as few as possible fully reduced the release cycle of operating system.
Though the disclosed embodiment of the present invention as above, the embodiment that described content just adopts for the ease of understanding the present invention is not in order to limit the present invention.Technician in any the technical field of the invention; under the prerequisite that does not break away from the disclosed spirit and scope of the present invention; can do any modification and variation what implement in form and on the details; but scope of patent protection of the present invention still must be as the criterion with the scope that appending claims was defined.
Claims (10)
1. the method for customizing of a (SuSE) Linux OS is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(SuSE) Linux OS is divided into kernel portion, starter system part, fundamental operation system (OS) part and additional OS part;
The target source code and the target script of the described (SuSE) Linux OS that storage is to be made up in host system;
The compilation process of above-mentioned four parts is written in the described target script;
In the customization procedure of described (SuSE) Linux OS, dispose the option of described additional OS part and described kernel portion according to user's request, configuration dynamic-configuration file is carried out described target script;
Wherein:
Described kernel portion is that config option determines that the back does not just need the part that recompilates again;
A root file system of simulating in internal memory when described starter system partly starts for described (SuSE) Linux OS bundles with described kernel portion;
The directory layout that described basic OS partly comprises implementing procedure, described actual root file system and comprised, determine fixed configurations, library file and the module file that just can not revise;
Described additional OS partly comprises the later stage may need non-steady configuration and the implementing procedure revised.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described basic OS partly comprises basic sub-directory and newly-built sub-directory, and wherein said basic sub-directory is used to preserve initial rpm bag, and described newly-built sub-directory is used to preserve the rpm bag that increases newly.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that:
Described basic OS part further comprises self-defining script and/or the file carried out.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the compilation process of described four parts is written to step in the described script, comprising:
For described kernel portion, preserve a (SuSE) Linux OS source code, a kernel option configuration file and be the catalogue of Linux source code patch installing;
For described starter system part, preserve a original starter system file, and the source code of the module that need when initial system boot, load;
For described basic OS part, preserve the directory layout of the rpm APMB package of common tool in the described (SuSE) Linux OS and dynamic-configuration file thereof, described (SuSE) Linux OS.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this method further comprises:
When adding general module, add described general module to described basic OS part, and add the filename of the source code of described general module to described dynamic-configuration toward described constructing system;
When adding the User Defined module toward described constructing system, add described custom block to described additional OS part, the source code compilation process of described custom block is added in the described target script as self-defining function or custom script, add the filename of the source code of described custom block to described dynamic-configuration.
6. the custom-built system of a (SuSE) Linux OS is characterized in that, comprise dividing module, memory module, writing module and configuration module, wherein:
Described division module is used for (SuSE) Linux OS is divided into kernel portion, starter system part, fundamental operation system (OS) part and additional OS part;
Described memory module is used for target source code and target script at host system storage described (SuSE) Linux OS to be made up;
The said write module is used for the compilation process of above-mentioned four parts is written to described target script;
Described configuration module is used for the customization procedure at described (SuSE) Linux OS, disposes the option of described additional OS part and described kernel portion according to user's request, and configuration dynamic-configuration file is carried out described target script;
Wherein:
Described kernel portion is that config option determines that the back does not just need the part that recompilates again;
A root file system of simulating in internal memory when described starter system partly starts for described (SuSE) Linux OS bundles with described kernel portion;
The directory layout that described basic OS partly comprises implementing procedure, described actual root file system and comprised, determine fixed configurations, library file and the module file that just can not revise;
Described additional OS partly comprises the later stage may need non-steady configuration and the implementing procedure revised.
7. system according to claim 6 is characterized in that:
The described basic OS of described division Module Division partly comprises basic sub-directory and newly-built sub-directory, and wherein said basic sub-directory is used to preserve initial rpm bag, and described newly-built sub-directory is used to preserve the rpm bag that increases newly.
8. according to claim 6 or 7 described systems, it is characterized in that:
The described basic OS part of described division Module Division further comprises self-defining script and/or the file carried out.
9. system according to claim 6 is characterized in that:
For described kernel portion, the said write module is used to preserve a (SuSE) Linux OS source code, a kernel option configuration file and is the catalogue of Linux source code patch installing;
For described starter system part, the said write module is used to preserve a original starter system file, and the source code of the module that need load when initial system boot;
For described basic OS part, the said write module is used for preserving the directory layout of the rpm APMB package of described (SuSE) Linux OS common tool and dynamic-configuration file thereof, described (SuSE) Linux OS.
10. system according to claim 6 is characterized in that:
When described configuration module is further used for adding general module toward described constructing system, add described general module to described basic OS part, and add the filename of the source code of described general module to described dynamic-configuration;
When described configuration module is further used for adding the User Defined module toward described constructing system, add described custom block to described additional OS part, the source code compilation process of described custom block is added in the described target script as self-defining function or custom script, add the filename of the source code of described custom block to described dynamic-configuration.
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| CN103309706A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-09-18 | 中标软件有限公司 | Memory file system preparation method and unit based on Linux operation system |
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| CN103795616A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-05-14 | 中山大学深圳研究院 | Customized method and system for digital family intelligent gateway based on Android |
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