CN102052846A

CN102052846A - Simple ceramic small kiln

Info

Publication number: CN102052846A
Application number: CN2009100447349A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘自力; 文哲贤; 雍辉祥
Original assignee: HUNAN TONGGUAN CERAMIC GENERAL Co ZILI CERAMIC FACTORY
Current assignee: HUNAN TONGGUAN CERAMIC GENERAL Co ZILI CERAMIC FACTORY
Priority date: 2009-11-10
Filing date: 2009-11-10
Publication date: 2011-05-11

Abstract

The invention relates to a simple ceramic small kiln by which argil lovers can make small argil products at the firing temperature of below 1,100 DEG C. In the simple ceramic small kiln, a heat insulating material with high temperature resistance and low heat conductivity is used as a main material of a kiln body, a porcelain making blank is used as a gelatinizing medium, and a hollow cylindrical kiln body with the capacity close to 1,020 cm<3> in the kiln is made and is hard fired. A kiln wire is dragged and bent into lines of electric stove wires which are uniformly spaced on the inner wall of the kiln body for supplying heat. The kiln body made by implementing the optimum scheme provided by the invention is continuously electrified for 28 minutes, and the temperature in the kiln can be close to 1,100 DEG C. The simple ceramic small kiln is easy and convenient to use, is innoxious and pollution-free and has low cost.

Description

Simple and easy small porcelain kiln

The present invention relates to burning till of 1100 ℃ of potter's clay opuscules of a kind of firing temperature and use little kiln.

At present, still there is not the simple and easy little kiln that can burn till the potter's clay opuscule voluntarily on the market for the little making of potter's clay fan.

Try out teaching material---" ceramic technology " with reference to institution of higher education's light industry specialty that China Light Industry Press publishes; the sintering process of general porcelain can be divided into four-stage; promptly evaporate phase, oxidation Decomposition and crystal formation transition phase, vitreous and become porcelain phase and cooling cycle, the temperature range in each stage and intensification, cooling velocity require as follows:

1. evaporation phase---room temperature to 300 ℃, this stage mainly is to get rid of the residual moisture that does not have eliminating in dry run, at this moment the porosity of base substrate is bigger, go into kiln moisture when low, the porcelain base of small body and thin wall can be rapidly heated and less than making product cracking in this period, and this stage requires steam in time to be got rid of simultaneously not condense upon product surface when face does not make its condensation and produces bubble.

2. oxidation Decomposition and crystal formation transition phase---300 ℃ to 950 ℃, complicated physics and chemical change take place in this stage base substrate, constitution water obtains getting rid of in the clay, carbonate decomposition, organic matter, carbon element and sulfide are oxidized, quartzy crystal formation transforms, porcelain base for small body and thin wall, it is very little that crystal formation is changed caused bursting stress, the principal element of this stage of decision programming rate is the design feature of kiln, if the design feature of kiln can guarantee the temperature on the working sections and evenly distribute, just can be rapidly heated in this stage, this stage requires steam and carbonate decomposition, sulfide oxidation, the carbon element oxidation, the gas person that oxidation operation produced can be got rid of timely.

3. vitreous becomes the porcelain phase---and 950 ℃ to firing temperature; the porcelain base is in fact incomplete in the oxidation of oxidation Decomposition phase; because the rapid eliminating of steam and other gaseous product; around base substrate, surround one deck air film; it hinders oxidation to continue to the porcelain internal penetration; thereby make the carbon element that deposits in the base substrate pore be difficult to burnout; and a large amount of liquid phases appears in the base substrate between 1000 ℃-1200 ℃; shrinkage factor shows maximum; therefore this stage programming rate should strictly be controlled; take oxidation insulation or low speed warming temperature, so that carbon element burnouts and prevents blank deformation.

4. cooling cycle,---firing temperature is to room temperature, if cooling initial stage speed is slow, the glassy phase thickness that surrounds crystal is sharply thickened, the glaze layer is also because of the slow crystallization devitrification of cooling velocity: glassy phase changes critical-temperature when solid-state between 750 ℃ to 550 ℃ by mecystasis, this structural marked change produces than havoc stress, and therefore, the cooling initial stage should cool off fast, and at 750 ℃---should slowly cool off between 550 ℃, eliminate stress as far as possible.

Task of the present invention provide a kind of suitable pottery burn till requirement, simple and practical, nontoxic pollution-free, firing temperature that cost is low is lower than burning till of 1100 ℃ of potter's clay opuscules and uses little kiln.

The present invention select for use heatproof more than 1100 ℃ and 1100 ℃ the time thermal conductivity factor still be lower than 0.1WK ^-1m ^-1Light granules shape insulation material be system body of heater main material, the porcelain making blank that uses sintering temperature to be higher than 1150 ℃ is made the gelling medium; Furnace binding is the hollow cylindrical body of heater, the nearly 1020cm of interior empty volume ³, 1100 ℃ are burnt till; Inboard wall of furnace body row extension pulls off into the at interval uniform electric furnace heating wire of row with one, and electric furnace heating wire is worn the furnace wall with segment stove silk in addition and fixed.

Implementing selection material scheme of the present invention is characterized in that:

1. insulation material selects for use bulk density for being lower than 160kg/m ³The expanded perlite ore in sand form;

2. the gelling medium porcelain making blank of selecting for use sintering temperature to be higher than 1150 ℃ is made the gelling medium, the batching feature be perlite ore, moisture about 22% press dry the porcelain making blank, water three mass ratio is 2: 4: 3;

3. empty volume diameter is 12cm in making by above batching requirement, high 9cm, and furnace wall, furnace bottom, bell inner ring thickness are 2.5cm, and bell outer ring thickness is 1.5cm, and interior empty volume is 1017.4cm ³The cylindrical shape body of heater, go into kiln after the drying and burn till for 1100 ℃;

4. this body of heater adapted 1200W electric furnace heating wire, it is long that electric furnace heating wire pulls off into 6cm, totally 18 be listed as, in getting in addition with the long segment stove silk of 7cm after the doubling at every row electric furnace heating wire upper and lower end and central point correspondence position, hand over and to wear the furnace wall behind the stove silk and go out (this furnace wall, position is connected with aperture), pressed down in two weeks fixed the strand after with thin wire of furnace body outer wall clamping.

The present invention since select for use heatproof more than 1100 ℃ and 1100 ℃ the time thermal conductivity factor still be lower than 0.1WK ^-1m ^-1Light granules shape insulation material be system body of heater main material, its heat insulation effect can make the nearly 1020cm of volume ³Stove in temperature in reasonable time, be warming up to the firing temperature of potter's clay opuscule by the electric furnace heating wire heat supply; The air permeable effect of light granules shape insulation material, sintering temperature is higher than 1150 ℃ porcelain making blank and burns till the result for 1100 ℃, its porosity is big, therefore, the gas that the venting capability of this body of heater can satisfy in the potter's clay opuscule sintering process is in time got rid of requirement: the furnace binding of cylindrical shape, electric furnace heating wire is hung heat supply at the inboard wall of furnace body uniform column, and it satisfies the requirement that evenly distributes of temperature on the potter's clay opuscule base substrate working sections for, radiating effect.

Implement the obtained body of heater of the present invention and continue 1020 ℃ of 22 minutes stove Nei Wenduda of energising down in normal voltage (220V), reached 1050 ℃ in 24 minutes, reached 1080 ℃ in 27 minutes, 28 minutes nearly 1100 ℃, its intensification in following temperature range, the cooling average speed (℃/minute) as follows:

Temperature range (℃)	Average speed	Temperature range (℃)	Average speed
				Room temperature-210	100	900-1000	18
210-480	135	1000-1095	12
				480-620	72	1095-900	91
620-760	42	900-750	45
				760-900	27	750-550	26

The present invention is further detailed explanation with the specific embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings just to implement preferred plan of the present invention below.

Fig. 1 is a body of heater master parallax stereogram of the present invention

Fig. 2 is the bell of the present invention main parallax stereogram of putting upside down

Fig. 3 is a body of heater central shaft tangent plane master parallax stereogram of the present invention

Fig. 4 is that the present invention is fixing with the fixed form figure of stove silk at furnace body outer wall

The described furnace binding of Fig. 1 is with porcelain junction block 1 and feet 2, porcelain junction block square length of side 2.2cm, high 1.5cm,, returned and wear the furnace wall heat supply of unrolling and fix with the two ends of electric furnace heating wire from passing wiring hole after aperture passes respectively with electric furnace heating wire each stretching 10cm of two ends by heat supply, it is trapezoidal that feet is, connect furnace bottom part chord length 3cm, the chord length of going to the bottom 2.5cm, thick 2cm, totally three.

The described bell race diameter of Fig. 2 17cm inner ring diameter 11.9cm, bell inner ring thickness d 1 is 1cm, outer ring thickness d 2 is 1.5cm.

In the described body of heater central shaft of Fig. 3 sectional drawing, furnace diameter R is 17cm, furnace main body height h is 12.5cm, furnace wall, furnace bottom thickness d 3 are 2.5cm, interior extension electric furnace heating wire center distance d4 is 2.1cm, and interior extension electric furnace heating wire length l 1 is 6cm, and interior extension stove silk upper end is 2.5cm with body of heater upper limb distance 12, distance 13 between lower end and furnace bottom is 1.5cm, hangs the aperture that a diameter 0.2cm is all arranged on stove silk two ends and the middle central point correspondence position furnace wall in every row and connects the furnace wall.

Fig. 4 is described fixing with the fixed form thin wire 3 diameter 0.2cms of stove silk at furnace body outer wall, length 1cm, stationary furnace silk 4 is got 7cm, after getting doubling, pinking went out after central spot handed over heat supply with the stove silk in the middle of the two ends of extension stove silk were expanded in every row, was pressing down after twisting for 2 weeks behind the furnace body outer wall folder thin wire.Thin wire places furnace body outer wall "T"-shaped " Shu " groove, and "T"-shaped crosspoint is that aperture passes the position, groove width 0.3cm, and the long equal 1cm of " one " " Shu ", groove depth 0.5cm, after steady job was finished, " T " groove was sealed with the porcelain making blank.

The key step of implementing preferred plan system body of heater of the present invention is as follows:

1. with reference to Fig. 1 structure, the specification requirement of Fig. 2, Fig. 3, the "T"-shaped groove requirement that furnace body outer wall stationary furnace silk is used,, the square indentations of placing the porcelain junction block wormwood artemisia length of side 2.2cm of institute, dark 0.3cm requires molding.

2. that gets 0.8kg water content about 22% press dry the porcelain making blank, and 0.6kg water fully stirs into pasty state, and adding the 0.4kg bulk density is 160kg/m ²The expanded perlite ore in sand form to go into mold pressing after mixing thoroughly real.

3. the aperture of diameter 0.2cm is worn in the position of four points of following placed in the middle on "T"-shaped groove crosspoint and square indentations after the demoulding, midfeather 1cm."T"-shaped groove crosspoint, following 2 the pairing inboard wall of furnace body aperture interbody spacers of square indentations are 2.1cm.

4. after the body of heater drying, go into kiln and burn till for 1100 ℃.

The embodiment of the invention one:

Firing temperature is 1020 ℃ the burning till of potter's clay opuscule

Dried potter's clay opuscule is placed in the stove of the present invention, do not bump electric furnace heating wire, switched on one minute, cut off the power supply 5 minutes, then continue energising 22 minutes, cut off the power supply 0.5 minute, switched on again again 1 minute, cooled off 3 hours naturally thereafter.

The embodiment of the invention two:

Firing temperature is burning till of 1050 ℃ of potter's clay opuscules

Other operation is with embodiment one, and be 25 minutes middle lasting conduction time.

The embodiment of the invention three:

Firing temperature is burning till of 1080 ℃ of potter's clay opuscules

Other operation is with embodiment one, and be 27 minutes middle lasting conduction time.

Claims

1. one kind is used for the little kiln that potter's clay opuscule that firing temperature is lower than 1100 ℃ burns till, and it is characterized in that: select for use heatproof more than 1100 ℃, and thermal conductivity factor still is lower than 0.1WK 1100 ℃ the time ^-1m ^-1Light granules shape insulation material be system body of heater main material, use the porcelain making blank of sintering temperature more than 1150 ℃ to make the gelling medium, make the nearly 1020cm of volume ³The hollow cylindrical body of heater, 1100 ℃ are burnt till; Inboard wall of furnace body row extension pulls off into the at interval uniform electric furnace heating wire of row with one, and electric furnace heating wire is worn the furnace wall with segment stove silk in addition and fixed.

2. according to the little kiln of the described system of claim 1, selection material scheme is characterized in that: selecting bulk density for use is 160kg/m ³The expanded perlite ore in sand form be insulation material, selecting sintering temperature for use is that 1150 ℃ porcelain making blank is made the gelling medium, the batching feature be perlite ore, moisture about 22% press dry the porcelain making blank, water three mass ratio is 2: 4: 3.

3. according to claim 1 or the little kiln of 2 described systems, its architectural feature is: empty volume diameter 12cm in the cylinder, and high 9cm, furnace wall, furnace bottom, bell inner ring thickness are 2.5cm, and bell outer ring thickness is 1.5cm, and interior empty volume is 1017.4cm ³