CN102052069A - Near-bit measurement while drilling (MWD) system and method - Google Patents
Near-bit measurement while drilling (MWD) system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102052069A CN102052069A CN2010105530059A CN201010553005A CN102052069A CN 102052069 A CN102052069 A CN 102052069A CN 2010105530059 A CN2010105530059 A CN 2010105530059A CN 201010553005 A CN201010553005 A CN 201010553005A CN 102052069 A CN102052069 A CN 102052069A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a near-bit measurement while drilling (MWD) system and method. The method comprises the following steps: an alternating magnetic field is generated by assembling a strong-magnetic connector between a screw motor and a drilling bit; three components, namely a geomagnetic field, a gravity field and the alternating magnetic field, are measured by an MWD measurer which is arranged in a non-magnetic drill collar; the well deviation and azimuth of the position of the MWD measurer are calculated according to the three components, namely the geomagnetic field, the gravity field and the alternating magnetic field; the relative position between the MWD measurer and the strong-magnetic connector is calculated according to the alternating magnetic field; and the well deviation and azimuth of the position of the strong-magnetic connector are calculated according to the well deviation and azimuth of the position of the MWD measurer and the relative position between the MWD measurer and the strong-magnetic connector. The distance between the strong-magnetic connector and the drill bit is small, and the distance between the conventional strong-magnetic connector and the drill bit is less than 1m, so the well deviation and azimuth of the strong-magnetic connector can be treated as the well deviation and azimuth of the drill bit. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention can be used for accurately measuring the well deviation and azimuth of the drill bit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production technique field of oil, natural gas and coal bed gas etc., particularly relate to a kind of nearly drill bit measurement-while-drilling system and a kind of nearly drill bit measurement while drilling method.
Background technology
In the directed drilling construction of oil, natural gas and coal bed gas etc., require wellbore trace to creep into according to the track of design exactly.Therefore, the accurate orientation survey data that how to obtain nearly drill bit are the successful key factors of directional well construction.
At present, the directed drilling construction adopts wired or wireless steering tool to measure hole deviation and orientation usually.Steering tool is placed on one or two non magnetic drill collars the inside usually, measures three components of acceleration of gravity of steering tool position and three components in earth's magnetic field respectively with three acceleration of gravity meters and three fluxgate sensors.Utilize corresponding calculation method to calculate the hole deviation and the orientation of steering tool position then.But because the directed drilling construction needs power drilling tool and orientation joint, cause the steering tool in the non magnetic drill collar one segment distance to be arranged apart from drill bit, this distance is about 15 meters usually, so the hole deviation of steering tool and orientation are not the true hole deviation and the orientation of drill bit position well.Though the demarcation build angle rate according to deflecting tool can roughly be inferred hole deviation and the orientation that the drill bit place, but in the practice of construction because to influence the factor of build angle rate a lot, comprise drilling assembly, formation condition, mud displacement and drilling parameter etc., therefore actual build angle rate with infer that the build angle rate that differs greatly.This has a strong impact on directed accuracy, causes actual well track to get out target zone, has influenced the recovery ratio of petroleum resources, causes heavy economic losses.Particularly in coal bed gas horizontal well construction process,, influence the aerogenesis effect of coal bed gas well because directed accuracy causes inadequately and drills roof and floor and can cause aquifer yield very big.
In addition, the steering tool that also has some nearly drill bits at present, but owing to be subjected to the interference of drill bit and screw rod magnetic, the steering tool of these nearly drill bits can only be measured hole deviation, resistivity, gamma and some mechanical parameters, the parameter of measuring can be earlier by being wirelessly transmitted to the steering tool in the non magnetic drill collar or passing through screw motor wire transmission in steering tool, again by the wired or wireless ground that is transferred to.It is exactly the orientation of the nearly drill bit of energy measurement not that but there is a common shortcoming in these nearly drill bit measuring instruments, and the orientation is one of three elements that calculate well track, and therefore the data of utilizing existing nearly drill bit steering tool to provide can not accurately calculate the actual well track of measuring instrument to drill bit well section.
In sum, the accuracy of the scheme in the hole deviation of existing measurement drill bit and orientation is not high.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of nearly drill bit measurement-while-drilling system, this system can measure the hole deviation and the orientation of drill bit more exactly.
The present invention also provides a kind of nearly drill bit measurement while drilling method, and this method can be measured the hole deviation and the orientation of drill bit more exactly.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
The invention discloses a kind of nearly drill bit measurement-while-drilling system, this device comprises: non magnetic drill collar, the measurement while drilling device that is positioned at non magnetic drill collar the inside, the orientation joint that is connected with non magnetic drill collar, the screw motor that is connected with orientation joint, the strong magnetic joint that is connected with screw motor, the drill bit that is connected with magnetic joint by force, this device also comprises geoceiver, wherein:
Strong magnetic joint is used to produce alternating magnetic field;
Non magnetic drill collar is used to the measurement while drilling device that no magnetic environment is provided;
The measurement while drilling device is used to measure three components of three components, gravitational field in earth's magnetic field and three components of alternating magnetic field, and exports to geoceiver;
Geoceiver, be used for calculating the hole deviation and the orientation of measurement while drilling device position according to three components of three components in the earth's magnetic field that is received and gravitational field, calculate relative position between measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint according to three components of the alternating magnetic field that is received, then hole deviation and the orientation that calculates strong magnetic joint position according to the hole deviation and the relative position between orientation and measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint of measurement while drilling device position.
The present invention also provides a kind of nearly drill bit measurement while drilling method, and this method comprises:
Strong magnetic joint is installed between screw motor and drill bit, and this strong magnetic joint rotates with drill bit, produces the alternating magnetic field of rotation;
By in orientation joint and the non magnetic drill collar that screw motor is connected the measurement while drilling device is being housed, this measurement while drilling device is used to measure three components of three components, gravitational field in earth's magnetic field and three components of alternating magnetic field;
Three components in magnetic field, base area and three components of gravitational field calculate the hole deviation and the orientation of measurement while drilling device position, calculate relative position between measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint according to three components of alternating magnetic field, then hole deviation and the orientation that calculates strong magnetic joint position according to the hole deviation and the relative position between orientation and measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint of measurement while drilling device position;
With the hole deviation of strong magnetic joint position and orientation hole deviation and orientation as the drill bit position.
By as seen above-mentioned, the present invention is this to install strong magnetic joint between screw motor and drill bit, this strong magnetic joint rotates with drill bit, produce the alternating magnetic field of rotation, measure three components in earth's magnetic field, three components of gravitational field and three components of alternating magnetic field, three components in magnetic field, base area and three components of gravitational field calculate the hole deviation and the orientation of measurement while drilling device position, calculate relative position between measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint according to three components of alternating magnetic field, calculate the hole deviation and the orientation of strong magnetic joint position then according to the relative position between the hole deviation of measurement while drilling device position and orientation and measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint, and with the hole deviation of strong magnetic joint position and orientation as the hole deviation of drill bit position and the technical scheme in orientation, because the distance between strong magnetic joint and the drill bit is little more a lot of than the distance between measurement while drilling device and the drill bit, distance between general strong magnetic joint and the drill bit is less than 1 meter, therefore hole deviation and the orientation of regarding the hole deviation and the orientation of strong magnetic joint as drill bit, its error ratio is lower.Therefore technical scheme of the present invention can be measured the hole deviation and the orientation of drill bit more exactly with respect to prior art.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the composition structural representation of the nearly drill bit measurement-while-drilling system among the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that strong magnetic joint 5 among the present invention is along the sectional view of its axis xx ';
Fig. 3 is that strong magnetic joint 5 among the present invention is along the cross section view of AA ' line;
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of a kind of near drill bit measurement while drilling method among the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Core concept of the present invention is at nearly drill bit place the alternating magnetic field source to be set, and utilize magnetic to calculate relative position between survey mark and the magnetic field sources by three components measuring alternating magnetic field, and the hole deviation and the orientation that finally calculate nearly drill bit place according to the hole deviation and the relative position between orientation and survey mark and the magnetic field sources of measurement point apart from measuring principle.
In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, describe the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the composition structural representation of the nearly drill bit measurement-while-drilling system among the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, this system comprises: non magnetic drill collar 2, the measurement while drilling device 1 that is positioned at non magnetic drill collar 2 the insides, the orientation joint 3 that is connected with non magnetic drill collar 2, the screw motor 4 that is connected with orientation joint 3, the strong magnetic joint 5 that is connected with screw motor 4, the drill bit 6 that is connected with strong magnetic joint 5; This system also comprises unillustrated geoceiver among Fig. 1 in addition.
In system shown in Figure 1: measurement while drilling device 1 is placed in the non magnetic drill collar 2, and non magnetic drill collar 2 is made up of one or two non magnetic drill collars usually, for measurement while drilling device 1 provides no magnetic environment; Measurement while drilling device 1 is used to measure three components of three components, gravitational field in earth's magnetic field and three components of alternating magnetic field, and exports to geoceiver; Non magnetic drill collar 2 is connected with orientation joint 3 by screw thread, and orientation joint 3 is used for locating the tool-face of power drilling tool; Screw motor 4 also is connected with orientation joint 3 by screw thread, and screw motor 4 is used to provide the power that drives drill bit 6, and its size is by drill bit 6 decisions; The front end of screw motor 4 is connected to strong magnetic joint 5, is used to provide the alternating magnetic field of rotation; The front end of strong magnetic joint 5 is connected to drill bit 6, is used for fractured rock; Geoceiver, be used for calculating the hole deviation and the orientation of measurement while drilling device position according to three components of three components in the earth's magnetic field that is received and gravitational field, calculate relative position between measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint according to three components of the alternating magnetic field that is received, then hole deviation and the orientation that calculates strong magnetic joint position according to the hole deviation and the relative position between orientation and measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint of measurement while drilling device position.
Here, the relative position between measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint comprises distance and the relative direction between measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint.
In system shown in Figure 1, described measurement while drilling device 1 comprises: three magnetometers and three acceleration of gravity meters; Wherein, three magnetometers are used to measure three components in earth's magnetic field and three components of alternating magnetic field, and three acceleration of gravity meters are used to measure three components of gravitational field.
System shown in Figure 1 can further include: amplifier and analog-digital converter; Measurement while drilling device 1 sends to amplifier with measured signal, send to analog-digital converter after by amplifier the signal that it received being amplified processing, after the conversion process of the signal that it received being carried out analog to digital (A/D) by analog-digital converter, send to geoceiver.
Fig. 2 is that strong magnetic joint 5 among the present invention is along the sectional view of its axis xx '.Fig. 3 is that strong magnetic joint 5 among the present invention is along the cross section view of AA ' line.Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the strong magnetic joint 5 among the present invention comprises: columniform fittings body 9, a pair of above permanent magnet 7 and mark closely screw 8; Fittings body 9 and mark closely screw 7 and process by nonmagnetic steel.
Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, each permanent magnet 7 is fixed in the corresponding aperture in the fittings body 9 by marking closely screw 8, and the magnetic pole yy ' of permanent magnet 7 is vertical with the axis xx ' of fittings body 9.
Strong magnetic joint 5 among the present invention generally includes three to five pairs of permanent magnets as magnetic field sources, and each is identical and be installed in parallel to each other in the fittings body 9 to the permanent magnet spacing.4 pairs of permanent magnets have been installed in the embodiment shown in Figure 2 altogether.And as shown in Figure 2, an end of fittings body 9 is boxes, is used for joining with drill bit 6, and the other end is a pin thread, is used for linking to each other with screw motor 4.
Referring to Fig. 3, for the ease of processing, guarantee that every pair of permanent magnet is parallel to each other and vertical with the axis xx ' of fittings body, the external surface in the parallel both sides of the magnetic pole with each permanent magnet 7 of fittings body 9 has the flat of being parallel to each other of milling out.The dismounting of permanent magnet 7 for convenience, the hole of the installation permanent magnet 7 on fittings body 9 is designed to through-hole structure.And in order to keep the symmetry of strong magnetic joint 5, each is opposite to the direction in two holes of permanent magnet for the installation on the fittings body 9.The material of fittings body 9 is cylindrical nonmagnetic steel, and the center of fittings body 9 has along the hydrophthalmia of axis xx ' direction, and the diameter of hydrophthalmia is got 30-50mm.In addition, in order to reduce the friction between the strong magnetic joint 5 and the borehole wall, the outside dimension of fittings body 9 is designed to outer little through size than screw motor, for example little 5mm.
The operating principle of system shown in Figure 1 is as follows: in drilling process, no matter be directional drilling pattern or compound drill mode, strong magnetic joint 5 all can produce the alternating magnetic field of rotation along with drill bit 6 rotates together.Utilize existing ripe measuring technique, be placed on measurement while drilling device 1 in the non magnetic drill collar 2 and can measure three components of three components in earth's magnetic field, gravitational field and three components of alternating magnetic field, measured signal amplifies through amplifier, can be transferred to geoceiver analysis with wired or wireless mode after the analog-to-digital conversion, calculate the hole deviation of measurement while drilling device 1 position and the relative position between orientation and measurement while drilling device 1 and the strong magnetic joint 5, calculate the hole deviation at strong magnetic joint 5 places and hole deviation and the orientation that drill bit is advanced in the orientation conduct then.Hole deviation by nearly drill bit and orientation and deep-well data can accurately be calculated the track of directional well, guarantee that well track only meets design requirement, and guarantee the recovery ratio of petroleum gas and coal bed gas.
Since strong magnetic joint 5 from drill bit 6 only less than 1 meter distance, therefore the nearly drill bit data of utilizing the present invention to obtain can be regarded as the actual hole deviation and the orientation of drill bit 6 basically, it is low to have overcome traditional measuring technique accuracy, the perhaps defective in energy measurement orientation not, make in actual applications, directed engineer can in time make decisions, and revises well track.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of a kind of near drill bit measurement while drilling method among the present invention.As shown in Figure 4, this method comprises:
Step 401 is installed strong magnetic joint between screw motor and drill bit, this strong magnetic joint rotates with drill bit, produces the alternating magnetic field of rotation.
In this step, comprise in that strong magnetic joint is installed between screw motor and the drill bit: installing between screw motor and the drill bit by columniform fittings body, more than a pair of permanent magnet and mark closely the strong magnetic joint that screw is formed; Wherein, fittings body and mark closely screw and process by nonmagnetic steel; Each permanent magnet is installed in the corresponding aperture in the fittings body by marking closely screw, and the magnetic pole of this permanent magnet is vertical with the axis of fittings body; Each is identical and be installed in the fittings body in parallel to each other to the permanent magnet spacing.The hole of the installation permanent magnet on the described fittings body is a through-hole structure; Each is opposite to the direction in two holes of permanent magnet in installation on the described fittings body; The external surface of both sides parallel with magnetic pole each permanent magnet described fittings body has the flat of being parallel to each other of milling out; The center of described fittings body has along the hydrophthalmia of axis direction.The outside dimension of described fittings body is arranged to littler than the outside dimension of screw motor.
Step 402 is being equipped with the measurement while drilling device by in orientation joint and the non magnetic drill collar that screw motor is connected, and this measurement while drilling device is used to measure three components of three components, gravitational field in earth's magnetic field and three components of alternating magnetic field.
Step 403, three components in magnetic field, base area and three components of gravitational field calculate the hole deviation and the orientation of measurement while drilling device position, calculate relative position between measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint according to three components of alternating magnetic field, then hole deviation and the orientation that calculates strong magnetic joint position according to the hole deviation and the relative position between orientation and measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint of measurement while drilling device position;
Step 404 is with the hole deviation of strong magnetic joint position and orientation hole deviation and the orientation as the drill bit position.
By as seen above-mentioned, the present invention is this to install strong magnetic joint between screw motor and drill bit, this strong magnetic joint rotates with drill bit, produce the alternating magnetic field of rotation, measure three components in earth's magnetic field, three components of gravitational field and three components of alternating magnetic field, three components in magnetic field, base area and three components of gravitational field calculate the hole deviation and the orientation of measurement while drilling device position, calculate relative position between measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint according to three components of alternating magnetic field, calculate the hole deviation and the orientation of strong magnetic joint position then according to the relative position between the hole deviation of measurement while drilling device position and orientation and measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint, and with the hole deviation of strong magnetic joint position and orientation as the hole deviation of drill bit position and the technical scheme in orientation, because the distance of strong magnetic joint and drill bit has shortened many than the distance of measurement while drilling device and drill bit, the distance of general strong magnetic joint and drill bit is less than 1 meter, therefore hole deviation and the orientation of regarding the hole deviation and the orientation of strong magnetic joint as drill bit, its error ratio is lower.Therefore technical scheme of the present invention can be measured the hole deviation and the orientation of drill bit more exactly with respect to prior art.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of being made, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. nearly drill bit measurement-while-drilling system, it is characterized in that, this device comprises: non magnetic drill collar, the measurement while drilling device that is positioned at non magnetic drill collar the inside, the orientation joint that is connected with non magnetic drill collar, the screw motor that is connected with orientation joint, the strong magnetic joint that is connected with screw motor, the drill bit that is connected with magnetic joint by force, this device also comprises geoceiver, wherein:
Strong magnetic joint is used to produce alternating magnetic field;
Non magnetic drill collar is used to the measurement while drilling device that no magnetic environment is provided;
The measurement while drilling device is used to measure three components of three components, gravitational field in earth's magnetic field and three components of alternating magnetic field, and exports to geoceiver;
Geoceiver, be used for calculating the hole deviation and the orientation of measurement while drilling device position according to three components of three components in the earth's magnetic field that is received and gravitational field, calculate relative position between measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint according to three components of the alternating magnetic field that is received, then hole deviation and the orientation that calculates strong magnetic joint position according to the hole deviation and the relative position between orientation and measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint of measurement while drilling device position.
2. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described measurement while drilling device comprises: three magnetometers and three acceleration of gravity meters;
Described three magnetometers are used to measure three components in earth's magnetic field and three components of alternating magnetic field;
Described three acceleration of gravity meters are used to measure three components of gravitational field.
3. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this system further comprises: amplifier and analog-digital converter;
Described measurement while drilling device is used for measured signal is sent to amplifier;
Described amplifier sends to analog-digital converter after being used for the signal that is received amplified processing;
Described analog-digital converter is used for the signal that is received is carried out sending to geoceiver after the conversion process of analog to digital.
4. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described strong magnetic joint comprises: columniform fittings body, a pair of above permanent magnet and mark closely screw; Fittings body and mark closely screw and process by nonmagnetic steel;
Each permanent magnet is installed in the corresponding aperture in the fittings body by marking closely screw, and the magnetic pole of this permanent magnet is vertical with the axis of fittings body;
Each is identical and be installed in the fittings body in parallel to each other to the permanent magnet spacing.
5. system according to claim 4 is characterized in that,
The hole of the installation permanent magnet on the fittings body is a through-hole structure;
Each is opposite to the direction in two holes of permanent magnet in installation on the fittings body;
The external surface of both sides parallel with magnetic pole each permanent magnet fittings body has the flat of being parallel to each other of milling out;
Fittings body has hydrophthalmia at the center of axis direction.
6. according to claim 4 or 5 described systems, it is characterized in that,
The outside dimension of described fittings body is outer littler through size than screw motor.
7. nearly drill bit measurement while drilling method is characterized in that this method comprises:
Strong magnetic joint is installed between screw motor and drill bit, and this strong magnetic joint rotates with drill bit, produces the alternating magnetic field of rotation;
By in orientation joint and the non magnetic drill collar that screw motor is connected the measurement while drilling device is being housed, this measurement while drilling device is used to measure three components of three components, gravitational field in earth's magnetic field and three components of alternating magnetic field;
Three components in magnetic field, base area and three components of gravitational field calculate the hole deviation and the orientation of measurement while drilling device position, calculate relative position between measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint according to three components of alternating magnetic field, then hole deviation and the orientation that calculates strong magnetic joint position according to the hole deviation and the relative position between orientation and measurement while drilling device and the strong magnetic joint of measurement while drilling device position;
With the hole deviation of strong magnetic joint position and orientation hole deviation and orientation as the drill bit position.
8. method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, strong magnetic joint is installed between screw motor and drill bit is comprised:
Install between screw motor and the drill bit by columniform fittings body, more than a pair of permanent magnet and mark closely the strong magnetic joint that screw is formed;
Wherein, fittings body and mark closely screw and process by nonmagnetic steel; Each permanent magnet is installed in the corresponding aperture in the fittings body by marking closely screw, and the magnetic pole of this permanent magnet is vertical with the axis of fittings body; Each is identical and be installed in the fittings body in parallel to each other to the permanent magnet spacing.
9. method according to claim 8 is characterized in that,
The hole of the installation permanent magnet on the described fittings body is a through-hole structure;
Each is opposite to the direction in two holes of permanent magnet in installation on the described fittings body;
The external surface of both sides parallel with magnetic pole each permanent magnet described fittings body has the flat of being parallel to each other of milling out;
The center of described fittings body has along the hydrophthalmia of axis direction.
10. according to Claim 8 or 9 described methods, it is characterized in that, the outside dimension of described fittings body is arranged to littler than the outside dimension of screw motor.
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