CN101806210B - System using solenoid groups to achieve electromagnetic guiding distance measurement while drilling - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a system using solenoid groups to achieve the electromagnetic guiding distance measurement while drilling (MWD) and providing precise guiding measurement and calculation for the directional drilling control of dual horizontal wells, communicated wells, infill wells, relief wells and other complex wells. The system mainly comprises a nipple joint of the solenoid group, a converted MWD device, an adjacent well distance calculation system and surface equipment. By arranging two orthogonal solenoid groups as a magnetic signal emission source in a drilled well, the system of the invention can generate a rotating magnetic field just as that generated by the rotating magnetic nipple joint of an RMRS (rotating magnet ranging system), thus ensuring the measurement precision equivalent to that of the RMRS; meanwhile, by using the method for increasing the current intensity of the solenoid coil, the system of the invention can increase the intensity of the magnetic signal emission source and help extend the distance measurement range; and the invention has the advantages of high guiding accuracy, wide distance measurement range and simple structure, thus providing an effective hi-tech way for the detection and control while drilling the adjacent well distance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of complex structural well offset well distance with the probing examining system, belong to subterranean resource drilling field of engineering technology.
Background technology
In the underground oil and gas developments of resources such as oil, natural gas, coal bed gas, the complex structural wells such as two horizontal wells, U-shaped well, multilateral well, cluster well, infill well and connected well, require the offset well distance is carried out surveying with boring accurately.At present, the domestic measurement while drilling instrument generally used can not directly be measured the offset well distance, thereby is difficult to meet the specific (special) requirements that complex structural well offset well distance is surveyed with probing.Though abroad developed can substantially meet above require with brill electromagnetic guide system (as MGT, RMRS etc.), its core technology is still maintained secrecy and is monopolized.In addition, MGT (Magnetic Guidence Tool) adopts solenoid as the magnetic signal emission source, can increase by the methods such as current strength that improve solenoid coil the finding range of MGT, but its certainty of measurement is limited, general multiplex in two horizontal wells; RMRS (Rotating Magnet Ranging System) is simple in structure, easy to use, also at present with boring the highest system of certainty of measurement in guidance system simultaneously, but owing to adopting the set of permanent magnets pipe nipple as the magnetic signal emission source, thereby its signal source intensity is seriously limited, be difficult to increase the finding range of RMRS.Therefore, the special research and design of present inventor " a kind of system using solenoid groups to achieve electromagnetic guiding distance measurement while drilling ", the present invention adopts the solenoid group of two groups of quadratures as the magnetic signal emission source, be put in the drilling well eye, can as the rotary magnetic pipe nipple of RMRS, produce rotating excitation field, with RMRS, there is suitable certainty of measurement, simultaneously can be by improving the methods such as current strength of solenoid coil, improve the intensity of magnetic signal emission source, be easy to increase finding range.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem underlying of the present invention is to provide a kind of system using solenoid groups to achieve electromagnetic guiding distance measurement while drilling, it can accurately measure relative distance and the orientation of offset well within the specific limits, for the complex structural wells such as two horizontal wells, U-shaped well, multilateral well, cluster well, infill well and connected well provide a kind of effectively with probing survey means.
In order to survey spacing and the relative bearing of offset well with probing, the invention provides a kind of system using solenoid groups to achieve electromagnetic guiding distance measurement while drilling, it is characterized in that: mainly comprise a solenoid group pipe nipple, a set of MWD (Measurement While Drilling), adjacent well spacing computing system and ground installation through repacking, wherein:
Described solenoid group pipe nipple, its Main Function is to produce the elliptic polarization magnetic field of rotation at sensing point, is the signal source of this electromagnetic survey system, with this, determines the position of drill bit in positive drilling well.In use, drill string or crawl device by under the solenoid group pipe nipple in drilling well eye.
The MWD of described repacking, mainly be comprised of traditional MWD and three axle alternating magnetic field sensors, is arranged on the position at traditional MWD place after drill bit.The mounting means of alternating magnetic field sensor in MWD is identical with other three-axis sensor mounting means in MWD, and its effect is to survey the rotating excitation field produced by the solenoid group pipe nipple.Three axis fluxgate sensors in MWD and 3-axis acceleration sensor are mainly used to detect geomagnetic fieldvector and the gravitational field vector of MWD position, and the signal detected is transferred to ground installation by MWD.
Described adjacent well spacing computing system (its core algorithm is separately done patent application), it is mainly the magnetic signal detected according to the MWD reequiped, calculate the relative tertiary location of drill bit to solenoid group, in connected well so definite drill bit to the relative position of straight well connectivity points, and show in real time in modes such as numeral, word and figures.The drilling engineer can be according to the information of these demonstrations, and with reference to the deviational survey data, effectively to control wellbore trace.This computing system can only being used at complex structural wells such as cross-well, connected well, two horizontal well and accident rescue wells in drilling the survey process.
Described ground installation is mainly that its waveform differs four/one-period in time for the solenoid group pipe nipple provides two synchronous ACs, one is sinusoidal, another is cosine, can be also all square wave, because the Fourier harmonic wave of two square waves is also sine and cosine waveform.Usually, produce the square wave alternating-current electricity more much easier than producing pure sine and cosine alternating current wave, therefore the normal square wave alternating-current electricity that adopts in real world applications.
Further, above-mentioned system using solenoid groups to achieve electromagnetic guiding distance measurement while drilling also can have following characteristics: described solenoid group pipe nipple mainly is comprised of two groups of mutually orthogonal solenoid group, it is characterized in that: the long 1 meter left and right of solenoid group pipe nipple, diameter is 60 millimeters, and wherein each solenoidal coil is on stacked soft magnet core.Solenoid group can tie up to without on the magnetic skeleton with nylon rope, also can in the gap of solenoid and skeleton, pour into epoxy resin and fix solenoid.In order to protect solenoid group, also the solenoid and the skeleton that fix can be put into to one without the magnetic shell.
Further, described solenoid group pipe nipple also comprises sensor assembly and treatment circuit, it is characterized in that: sensor assembly is mainly by three axis fluxgate sensor and 3-axis acceleration sensors, be used for surveying geomagnetic fieldvector and the gravitational field vector of well depth position, solenoid group pipe nipple place, to calculate the placing attitude of solenoid group pipe nipple self.The Z axis of two three-axis sensors is axial along the solenoid group pipe nipple; The X-axis of two sensors is positioned on same plane, and is parallel to each other; Situation and the X-axis of Y-axis are similar.Treatment circuit is mainly used to the signal that the processes sensor module detects, and sends signal to ground installation.
Further, the MWD of described repacking installs three axle alternating magnetic field sensors to convert in traditional MWD, it is characterized in that: there are three axle alternating magnetic field sensors, three axis fluxgate sensors, a 3-axis acceleration sensor and a temperature pick up in the MWD the inside of repacking.Three axle alternating magnetic field sensors are identical with the mounting means of other three-axis sensor.The alternating magnetic field sensor is used for detecting the rotating excitation field vector that place, MWD position is produced by the solenoid group pipe nipple; Fluxgate sensor, acceleration sensing and temperature pick up are used for detecting place, MWD position geomagnetic fieldvector, gravitational field vector downhole temperature.The signal detected is transferred to ground installation by MWD, for adjacent well spacing, calculates data are provided.
Further, described adjacent well spacing computing system comprises that adjacent-well parallel intervals computational methods and offset well are communicated with computational methods, it is characterized in that: the magnetic signal that can produce according to the solenoid group pipe nipple that after repacking, MWD receives, calculate spacing and the relative bearing of MWD to the solenoid group pipe nipple.Drill bit is known to the distance of MWD, and then can calculate the relative position of drill bit to the solenoid group pipe nipple according to the relative position relation of drill bit and MWD, finally with reference to the deviational survey data, can determine that drill bit arrives the relative position of drilling well or connectivity points.
Further, described ground installation is mainly that it is characterized in that: surface power supply equipment can connect a reversible switch with field-effect transistors the electric circuit constitute of polarity by 12 volts of small-size lead-acid accumulators for the solenoid group pipe nipple provides two synchronous square wave alternating-current electricity and receives the signal that solenoid group pipe nipple inner sensor is surveyed.Sense of current periodically reversed in solenoid coil, the square wave reference signal produced by crystal oscillator is controlled, and the cycle of square wave is 0.5 second.
This invention adopts the solenoid group pipe nipple as signal source, produces rotating excitation field, has the certainty of measurement suitable with RMRS, and is easy to change the intensity of signal source, easily controls finding range.This invention can be communicated with probing, surveying and control of spacing for adjacent-well parallel intervals and offset well, than the MWD generally used now, has higher certainty of measurement.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the system using solenoid groups to achieve electromagnetic guiding distance measurement while drilling of the present invention schematic diagram of working in connected well;
Fig. 2 is the inner spatial arrangement schematic diagram of solenoid group pipe nipple;
Fig. 3 is solenoid group pipe nipple excitation ac power waveform figure;
Fig. 4 is that the MWD internal sensor axis direction of down-hole repacking is arranged schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is MWD and the ground computing system high-level schematic functional block diagram of down-hole repacking;
Fig. 6 is the system using solenoid groups to achieve electromagnetic guiding distance measurement while drilling of the present invention schematic diagram of working in two horizontal wells.
In figure:
1 positive drilling well 2 is drilling well 3 boring tower 4 cable car 5 cables
MWD 8 solenoid group pipe nipple 9 magnetic lines of force of 6 drill bit 7 repackings
71 3 axle alternating magnetic field sensor 72 3 axle high-precision fluxgate sensors
73 3 axle Gravity accelerometer 81 solenoids
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments, the present invention will be described.
As shown in Figure 1, the hardware of system using solenoid groups to achieve electromagnetic guiding distance measurement while drilling mainly is comprised of the MWD of solenoid group pipe nipple, repacking, ground installation etc.The MWD of repacking is placed in positive drilling well, follows traditional MWD installation site after drill bit, surveys the rotating excitation field that in offset well (drilling well), the solenoid group pipe nipple produces.Then, the magnetic vector signal detected is transferred to the ground computing system by MWD, tries to achieve the relative position of MWD to the solenoid group pipe nipple.And then, in conjunction with the position relationship of MWD and drill bit, can calculate the relative position of drill bit to the solenoid group pipe nipple.Finally, ground adjacent well spacing computing system, by the position relationship of drill bit and solenoid group pipe nipple, is shown to the drilling engineer with forms such as numeral, word and figures.The drilling engineer, with reference to the deviational survey data, just can accurately control the movement locus of drill bit.
As shown in Figure 2, the solenoid group pipe nipple mainly is comprised of two groups of mutually orthogonal solenoid group, and solenoidal number can be adjusted with the distance of detection range, the long 1 meter left and right of solenoid group pipe nipple, diameter is 60 millimeters, and wherein each solenoidal coil is on stacked soft magnet core.Soft magnet core has higher magnetic conductivity, can greatly improve solenoidal electrodynamic capacity, therefore can obtain with less conductive electric current powerful magnetic field.And the soft magnet core hysteresis curve is carefully narrow, coercivity is very little, the most applicable solenoid iron core of doing.Solenoid group can tie up to without on the magnetic skeleton with nylon rope, also can in the gap of solenoid and skeleton, pour into epoxy resin and fix solenoid.Also the solenoid and the skeleton that fix can be put into to one without the magnetic shell in order to protect better solenoid group.The solenoid group pipe nipple is lowered in drilling well by drill string or crawl device, and can in drilling well, move.
The solenoid group pipe nipple also comprises sensor assembly and treatment circuit, sensor assembly is mainly by three axis fluxgate sensor and 3-axis acceleration sensors, be used for surveying geomagnetic fieldvector and the gravitational field vector of well depth position, solenoid group pipe nipple place, to calculate the placing attitude of solenoid group pipe nipple self.Treatment circuit is mainly used to the signal that the processes sensor module detects, and sends signal to ground installation.
Mwd system and traditional MWD of repacking different are in downhole sensor module to have installed three axle alternating magnetic field sensors more, are used for the rotating excitation field of detection by the generation of solenoid group pipe nipple.Fluxgate sensor in sensor assembly, acceleration pass device and temperature pick up is used for respectively detecting earth's magnetic field, gravitational field and the downhole temperature that MWD is in position.As shown in Figure 4, alternating magnetic field sensor, fluxgate sensor and acceleration transducer are three-axis sensor, and the alternating magnetic field sensor is identical with the mounting means of other three-axis sensor.The Z axis of three sensors and MWD dead in line, X-axis and Y-axis are perpendicular to the MWD axis; The X-axis of three sensors is positioned on same plane, and is parallel to each other, and situation and the X-axis of Y-axis are similar.The MWD of repacking is arranged on traditional MWD installation site after drill bit, after trying to achieve the position of MWD, and can be by the locus of the position relationship calculating drill bit of MWD and drill bit.
Ground installation is mainly two synchronous ACs to be provided and to receive the signal that solenoid group pipe nipple inner sensor is surveyed for the solenoid group pipe nipple.As shown in Figure 3, the waveform of these two synchronizing currents differs four/one-period in time, and electric current is that the solenoid that same direction is installed provides electric current, and another electric current provides electric current for another row solenoid with this direction quadrature.The waveform of electric current can one be sinusoidal, and another is cosine, can be also all square wave, and this is because the Fourier component of two square waves is also sine and cosine wave.Usually, produce square alternating current easy more than producing pure sine and cosine alternating current wave, therefore the normal square wave alternating-current electricity that adopts in real world applications.Then, the magnetic signal data that detect are carried out to Fourier analysis, try to achieve the sine and cosine component of magnetic signal.The sine and cosine component that utilization is tried to achieve calculates the relative tertiary location of the MWD of repacking to solenoid group.
The MWD of repacking and each functional module of ground computing system are as shown in Figure 5.Each sensor power supply that exciting circuit is MWD, alternating magnetic field sensor, fluxgate sensor and the acceleration transducer in MWD detects respectively rotating excitation field, earth's magnetic field and the gravitational field that the solenoid group pipe nipple produces.These signals that detect are after signal amplifier amplifies, through analog-to-digital conversion circuit, be transferred to the ground computing system by cable or mud-pulse after the coding of down-hole, the ground computing system will extract useful data after signal decoding, in conjunction with adjacent well spacing computational methods and deviational survey calculating etc., the MWD that calculates repacking is to the relative position of solenoid group pipe nipple and drill bit and the relative position of drilling well.Then, with numeral, word and intuitively the form such as figure be shown to the drilling engineer.
In the connected well steerable drilling, adopt the master operation of system using solenoid groups to achieve electromagnetic guiding distance measurement while drilling construction as follows:
(1) bore front the preparation:
A) appraise and decide mouth coordinate according to well location design, geological design;
B) build basis, smooth well site, selected rig;
C) mud pit, pump group, tank group etc. are arranged in to suitable position, well site, do not move midway.
(2) straight well creeps into, the cave completion.
(3) Horizontal Well Drilling well operations:
A) the resettlement rig is to the horizontal well well head;
B) top layer and inclination section creep into;
C) be drilled into predetermined point, lower protective casing, well cementation is waited solidifying;
D) utilize crane, cable car and pump truck or workover rig that the solenoid group pipe nipple is sent near straight well connectivity points well depth;
E) carry out the horizontal well horizontal segment and creep into, by the MWD measurement in real time of repacking and the relative position of straight well connectivity points;
F) adjust in time wellbore trace according to survey data, and after creeping into certain drilling depth, again by the MWD measurement in real time of repacking and the relative position of straight well connectivity points;
G) implement TRAJECTORY CONTROL according to survey data, so repeatedly, until realize being communicated with straight well.
Fig. 6 is the work schematic diagram of system using solenoid groups to achieve electromagnetic guiding distance measurement while drilling in two horizontal wells.In the two horizontal well steerable drillings of SAGD, adopt the master operation of system using solenoid groups to achieve electromagnetic guiding distance measurement while drilling construction as follows:
(1) bore front the preparation:
A) appraise and decide mouth coordinate according to well location design, geological design;
B) confirm two well head centre distances, build basis, horizontal well field, selected rig;
C) mud pit, pump group, tank group etc. are arranged in place, do not move midway.
(2) the SAGD producing well creeps into:
(3) the SAGD Injection Well creeps into:
A) the resettlement rig is to the Injection Well well head;
B) top layer and inclination section creep into;
C) be drilled into predetermined point, lower protective casing, well cementation is waited solidifying;
D) utilize crane, cable car and pump truck or workover rig that the solenoid group pipe nipple is sent into to the suitable well depth of producing well place;
E) carry out the Injection Well horizontal segment and creep into, by the MWD measurement in real time of repacking and the relative position (vertical and axial distance) of producing well;
F) creep into, according to survey data, adjust in time the Injection Well trajectory of horizontal;
G) after creeping into 25m, stop creeping into, the solenoid group pipe nipple in the producing well well is continued to send to 25m;
H) continue to creep into the horizontal segment of Injection Well, so repeatedly, until bored horizontal segment;
I) after the horizontal segment finishing drilling, be lowered to the completion tubular column completion.
In the present invention, the pipe nipple be comprised of two groups of mutually orthogonal solenoids produces the magnetic moment of rotation, the elliptic polarization magnetic field of a rotation therefore at sensing point, can be detected.The rotating excitation field probe is converted by traditional MWD, is easy to realize.System using solenoid groups to achieve electromagnetic guiding distance measurement while drilling of the present invention has the certainty of measurement suitable with RMRS, and is easy to change the intensity of signal source, easily controls finding range.The present invention controls for adjacent well spacing the measurement while drilling that a kind of guiding accuracy is high, finding range is wide, the simple in structure instrument that provides.
Claims (2)
1. a system using solenoid groups to achieve electromagnetic guiding distance measurement while drilling, it is characterized in that: this system comprises MWD, adjacent well spacing computing system and the ground installation of solenoid group pipe nipple, repacking;
The solenoid group pipe nipple, mainly be comprised of two groups of mutually orthogonal solenoid group, and long 1 meter, diameter is 60 millimeters, by drill string or crawl device, is lowered in drilling well; The solenoidal coil of each of solenoid group is on stacked soft magnet core; Solenoid group ties up to without pouring into epoxy resin on the magnetic skeleton or in the gap of solenoid and skeleton and fixes solenoid or the solenoid and the skeleton that fix are put into to one without the magnetic shell with nylon rope;
The MWD of repacking than traditional MWD many three axle alternating magnetic field sensors, be used for detecting the rotating excitation field produced by solenoid group; The mounting means of three axle alternating magnetic field sensors in MWD is identical with the mounting means of other three-axis sensor; The MWD of repacking is arranged on traditional MWD position after drill bit; The magnetic signal that the solenoid group pipe nipple that the adjacent well spacing computing system receives according to the MWD reequiped produces, calculate spacing and the relative bearing of the MWD of repacking to the solenoid group pipe nipple, determine that drill bit arrives the relative tertiary location of drilling well or connectivity points, and the position relationship of definite drill bit and drilling well or connectivity points, be shown to the drilling engineer with numeral, word and graphic form;
Ground installation mainly comprises surface power supply equipment and ground receiving equipment; Surface power supply equipment connects a reversible switch with field-effect transistors the electric circuit constitute of polarity by 12 volts of small-size lead-acid accumulators, for the solenoid group pipe nipple provide two synchronous square wave alternating-current electricity or one of waveform be sinusoidal, another is the alternating current of cosine; Ground receiving equipment is mainly the signal of surveying for receiving solenoid group pipe nipple inner sensor.
2. system using solenoid groups to achieve electromagnetic guiding distance measurement while drilling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the waveform of two synchronous square wave alternating-current electricity differs four/one-period in time, synchronous square wave alternating-current electricity is that the solenoid that same direction is installed provides electric current, and another synchronous square wave alternating-current electricity provides electric current for another row solenoid with this direction quadrature; The cycle of square wave is 0.5 second.
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