CN102051329B - Biomass ferment-separation coupling device and method for preparing ethanol - Google Patents
Biomass ferment-separation coupling device and method for preparing ethanol Download PDFInfo
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- CN102051329B CN102051329B CN2009101880968A CN200910188096A CN102051329B CN 102051329 B CN102051329 B CN 102051329B CN 2009101880968 A CN2009101880968 A CN 2009101880968A CN 200910188096 A CN200910188096 A CN 200910188096A CN 102051329 B CN102051329 B CN 102051329B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a biomass ferment-separation coupling device and a method for preparing ethanol. The device comprises a biomass fermentation tank, wherein an ultrasonic atomizer, an atomizing substance catcher for collecting atomizing substances generated above the liquid level of the fermentation tank to obtain ethanol solution and a device for concentrating and recovering the collected ethanol solution further are arranged below the liquid level of the fermentation tank; and the catcher adopts a spraying-packed tower coupling structure. In the method for preparing the ethanol with the device, the ethanol is produced from biomass serving as raw materials by method fermentation process. In the device and the method, the ethanol is separated while fermenting, so the influences of the ethanol on the fermentation process can be reduced; and the method for separating the ethanol has high yield and low energy consumption, does not influence the fermentation process obviously, and can improve the economy of a process for producing the ethanol by using cellulose as a raw material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biomass ferment-separation coupling device and prepare the method for ethanol, particularly relate to a kind of fermentation-separation coupling device with the cellulose hydrolysis after product, and use this device to produce the method for ethanol.
Background technology
Biomass are made a general reference all take the carbonaceous organic material matter of plant as the source, and plant is accepted the light and heat that the sun provides, and is the carbonaceous organic material material by photosynthesis with airborne carbon dioxide conversion, simultaneously portion of energy is stored.It is estimated, annual plant is stored the energy conversion of getting off as electric energy take the carbohydrate form, but equal 500,000 kWh of intelligent are present world year 420 times of energy consumption per capita.As the biomass of development and use research object, refer generally to agricultural and forestry waste material, such as stalk, bagasse, rice chaff, wood chip etc.Advantages such as biomass are renewable with it, output is huge, can store, carbon cycle and noticeable, and in multiple cleaning alternative energy, unique liquid fuel that is converted into has very large compatibility with fossil oil.Therefore, with high-tech development with utilize the biomass prepare liquid fuel, day by day cause the attention of countries in the world.
Biomass can be divided into saccharine material, starchy material and cellulosic material substantially.The technology that saccharine material, starchy material are produced fuel alcohol is very ripe.Brazil's sugarcane direct production fuel alcohol, 1989 annual production have reached 10375 ten thousand steres.The annual output with the Maize Production fuel alcohol of the U.S. is also very large.It obviously is unpractical relying on molasses, foodstuff starch raw material to solve the very large fuel problem of consumption, particularly all the more so for the larger countries and regions of population pressure but in general.U.S.'s " industrial enzymology " is thought: " if ethanol industry will be survived, just must utilize lignocellulose production ".Utilize glucose direct fermentation to prepare the technique that ethanol is a comparative maturity of grain fermentation industry, and prepare in the ethanol process at cellulose fermentation, applying mechanically this technique is that cellulose fermentation ethanol fails to walk out the Technological Economy pass so far.The main process that cellulose fermentation prepares ethanol comprises the steps such as pre-treatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, concentrate, has the deficiencies such as Production Flow Chart is long, energy consumption is high, waste water is many, affects the economy of industrial application.
Some step of traditional technology being combined in the step carrying out, is shortened process, reduces the important method of energy consumption.As cellulosic saccharification and fermentation being combined as a step, as described in CN1505682A etc., enzymolysis, fermentation and sepn process can also be combined in a step carries out, device such as the described Mierocrystalline cellulose solid phase enzymolysis of CN2570289Y-liquid fermenting coupling preparation ethanol, in fermentation, adopt adsorption column that the Ethanol Adsorption that generates is separated, then adsorption column regeneration is obtained alcohol product.Although aforesaid method improves to some extent in traditional technology, the economy take Mierocrystalline cellulose as raw material production ethanol technology still needs further to improve, to improve the competitiveness of product in market.
Summary of the invention
The device that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cellulose hydrolysis sugar to ferment-separate, and use this device to produce the method for ethanol, the inventive method the fermentation in separation of ethanol, can reduce ethanol to the impact of fermenting process, separation of ethanol method efficient is high, energy consumption is low, and fermenting process is had no significant effect, and can improve take the economy of Mierocrystalline cellulose as the raw material production ethanol.
Biomass ferment-separation coupling device of the present invention comprises the biomass ferment tank, under the liquid level of fermentor tank, ultrasonic atomizer is set, arrange and collect the aerosol trap that the aerosol that produces on the fermentor tank liquid level obtains ethanolic soln, the aerosol trap adopts the structure of spray-packing tower coupling, and the device that the further concentrate of the ethanolic soln of collecting reclaims is set.
In the biomass ferment-separation coupling device of the present invention, ultra-filtration equipment is set, the ethanolic soln of collecting passed through first ultra-filtration equipment before entering the concentrate retrieving arrangement, the purpose of ultrafiltration is to reclaim a small amount of hydrolysis sugar and the fermentation thalline in the aerosol, use molecular weight cut-off to get final product as the ultra-filtration membrane of 50-170, the pipeline that trapped fluid loops back fermentor tank is set, reduces the loss of hydrolysis sugar and fermentation thalline.The filtrate of ultra-filtration equipment is ethanolic soln.
Biomass ferment-separation coupling device of the present invention, further the concentrate retrieving arrangement can be the ultrasonic atomization concentration unit, also can be conventional distillation concentration unit, absorption concentration unit etc.Wherein the ultrasonic atomization concentration unit can arrange according to the requirement of desired product concentration at least one-level, the ultrasonic atomization concentration unit is identical with the fermentor tank that ultrasonic atomizer is set on structure and principle, ultrasonic atomizer is set below the liquid level in the ultrasonic atomization concentration unit, and the liquid phase that aerosol concentration unit aerosol trap captures is the ethanolic soln that concentration improves.
What the aerosol trap among the present invention adopted is the structure that spray-packing tower is coupled as one, is comprised of top spray dust trapping chamber and following packing tower two portions.Can capture efficiently at normal temperatures aerosol, capture the required energy consumption of aerosol thereby greatly reduce.
Spray dust trapping chamber inner top arranges nozzle, the preferred nozzle that in spray dust trapping chamber, also arranges on every side simultaneously, and nozzle links to each other the spray liquid cyclical operation by recycle pump with the bottom of spray dust trapping chamber.When beginning to start, drench the dust trapping chamber bottom and put in advance a small amount of certain density ethanolic soln, recycle pump sucks the solution of spray dust trapping chamber bottom, sprays from nozzle.The mist and ultrasonic atomizatio phase ratio of nozzle ejection, its drop is much bigger, can under action of gravity, drop onto rapidly spray dust trapping chamber bottom, collide with the aerosol that is suspended in spray dust trapping chamber inside during drippage, drip while absorbing aerosol, thereby reach the purpose that captures aerosol.
Packing tower is technology contents well-known to those skilled in the art, can design as required.Can load in the tower such as various fillers with netted or microvoid structure such as θ rings, the height of tower is decided on treatment capacity, should not be less than 300mm generally speaking.Under the drive of gas-phase transport power set, the aerosol of a small amount of collection at large enters into packing tower and is captured down, and drops onto the bottom of spray dust trapping chamber along Ta Bi.
The aerosol trap is arranged on the fermentor tank outside, in the above position of fermentor tank liquid level the aerosol relief outlet is set, and the position that the aerosol relief outlet is relative in fermentor tank arranges the gas-phase transport device, such as fan etc.The aerosol relief outlet is connected with the aerosol trap, the liquid phase that the aerosol trap is discharged enters further treatment unit, the aerosol trap is set discharges the pipeline that gas phase is circulated to fermentor tank, the gas-phase transport power set preferably is set, such as recirculation blower, gas blower etc. on circulation line.The aerosol trap perhaps is set discharges the Gas Phase Adsorption device, adopt the method for absorption to reclaim wherein ethanol, conventional sorbent material is used in absorption, such as adsorbent of molecular sieve etc., adsorbs saturated rear regeneration and obtains ethanol.
Ultrasonic atomizer is arranged on below the fermentor tank liquid level, generally get final product apart from liquid level 1～10cm, fermentor tank liquid-level controller or ultrasonic atomizer location positioning structure can be set, fix such as ultrasonic atomizer and float, the ultrasonic atomizer position can be with level fluctuation respective change.Ultrasonic atomizer is high-frequency ultrasonic, frequency is generally 1～10MHz, the quantity of ultrasonic atomizer and power can calculate or experiment is determined according to unit scale and required operating time etc., large such as unit scale, the requirement disengaging time is short, the ultrasonic atomizer quantity and the power that then need can increase, otherwise then reduce.
The present invention prepares the method for ethanol, adopt the biomass material fermentation process to prepare ethanol, use above-mentioned fermentation-separation coupling device, fermentation raw material is put into fermentor tank, add the fermentation thalline, under the condition of alcohol prepared by fermenting, carry out fermentative processing, when the ethanol volumetric concentration reaches 2%～8% preferred 3%～6% in the fermented liquid, start ultrasonic atomizer, Recycled ethanol solution from aerosol.
The present invention prepares in the method for ethanol, fermentation raw material can be from various suitable biomass materials, the preferred fiber hydrolysis sugar of with low cost, wide material sources, in conjunction with state of the art, also the fiber hydrolysis can be also coupled in fermentation-sepn process of the present invention, i.e. cellulose hydrolysis, cellulose hydrolysis sugar-fermenting, fermentation obtains the separation of ethanol and carries out in device of the present invention simultaneously.The method that the present invention prepares ethanol can adopt operate continuously mode or andnon-continuous operation manner as required.The fermentation condition of biomass is technology contents well known to those skilled in the art.
Biomass ferment-separation coupling device of the present invention and use this device to prepare in the method for ethanol, when utilizing ultrasonic atomization, enter alcohol concn in the aerosol and be higher than the principle of concentration in the liquid phase, the fermentation of biomass and two PROCESS COUPLING of separating of tunning ethanol are carried out in a device, can also the cellulose hydrolysis process further be coupled in conjunction with prior art, effectively shortened technical process, reduced simultaneously the concentration of tunning ethanol in the fermented liquid, reduced tunning to saccharomycetic inhibition, the separation method separation efficiency of using is high, operation energy consumption is low, has improved the economy of this Technology.Fermenting process carries out under the yeast effect, the research discovery, and high-frequency ultrasonic is on the not obviously impact of saccharomycetic activity, and apparatus of the present invention and method do not affect normally carrying out of fermentation.
Adopt spray-packing tower to be coupled as the aerosol trap structure of one, formed by spray dust trapping chamber and packing tower two portions.Can capture efficiently at normal temperatures aerosol, can greatly reduce capturing the required energy consumption of aerosol simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of concrete structure schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of aerosol trap in apparatus of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specify a kind of detailed formation and working method of apparatus of the present invention.
In specific embodiments, the ultrasonic concentrate coupling of cellulose hydrolysis sugar-fermenting-ethanol preparation ethanol is combined, inside and outside the hydrolysis sugar fermentation unit, be equipped with respectively the ethanol ultrasonic wave and separate and ultrasonic wave concentrate unit.As shown in Figure 1, fermentor tank 1, cellulose hydrolysis sugar-fermenting liquid 2, opening for feed 3, fermentation ultrasonic atomizer 4, concentrate ultrasonic atomizer 11, fermentation aerosol trap 5, concentrate aerosol trap 12, fermentation gas circulator 6, concentrate gas circulation machine 13, fermentation fan 7, concentrate fan 14, ultrafilter 8, ultra-filtration membrane 9, concentrate ultrasonic atomizatio chamber 10, recycle pump 15, ethanolic soln 16, packing tower 17, spray dust trapping chamber 18, nozzle 19,20 times fermentor tanks 1 of aerosol trap discharging gas, the aerosol trap is collected liquid 21 and is discharged the aerosol trap, enter the spray dust trapping chamber 18 of aerosol trap from the aerosol 22 of sending out fermentor tank 1 discharge.
In ultrasonic wave separation and ultrasonic wave concentrate unit, comprise respectively: ultrasonic atomizer, fan, aerosol trap, four major portions of gas circulation machine, and these several parts form a gas closed circulation circuit by pipeline.
The method of a kind of concrete production ethanol of the present invention is as follows:
1, in above-mentioned fermentation unit, adds asepsis cellulose hydrolysis sugar and inoculation yeast bacterium, 30 ℃ of lower cultivations 12-48 hour.
2, when the volume by volume concentration of ethanol in the fermented liquid reaches 3%～6%, open the ultrasonic wave separating unit in the fermentor tank, aerosol captures through aerosol trap 5, the gas that does not capture loops back fermentor tank under the acting in conjunction of fermentation gas circulator 6 and fermentation fan 7, trapping solution enters ultrafilter by the trap bottom pump and carries out membrane sepn, see through liquid and can enter the ultrasonic concentrate of next stage unit, trapped fluid blowback fermentor tank 1.What ultrafiltration was used is the ultra-filtration membrane of molecular weight cut-off 100.
3, see through liquid and be stored in the time of can supplying atomizing, open ultrasonic wave concentrate unit, the trapping solution of collection can enter next ultrasonic wave concentrate unit again until alcohol concn reaches requirement, also can use the further concentrate of conventional separation method.When the volume by volume concentration of liquid ethanol is down to 3%～6% after concentrate is processed, move in the fermentor tank or fermentor tank before operation as using in the flushing zymolyte.
4, when the ethanol volumetric concentration is lower than 3% in the fermented liquid, can close ultrasonic concentrate unit.
Described step also comprises concentration of volume percent when sugar in the fermented liquid when being lower than 6%～8%, in the fermentor tank continuously or the fermenting organism raw material such as intermittent injecting cellulose hydrolysis sugar.
Further describe the inventive method below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
It is as follows that the present embodiment prepares the ethanol step:
1, in fermentor tank 1, adds asepsis cellulose hydrolysis sugar and inoculation wine brewing yeast, 30 ℃ of lower cultivations 48 hours.Ultrasonic atomizer keeps apart from 2.5 centimetres of liquid levels.
2, when the volume by volume concentration of ethanol in the fermented liquid reaches 5%, open the ultrasonic concentrate unit in the fermentor tank, aerosol captures through trap 5, the gas that does not trap loops back fermentor tank 1 under the acting in conjunction of fermentation gas circulator 6 and fermentation fan 7, trapping solution enters ultrafilter 8 and carries out membrane sepn, seeing through liquid ethanol volume by volume concentration is about 8%～10%, can enter ultrasonic wave concentrate unit, and trapped fluid loops back fermentor tank 1 through pump 15.What ultrafilter used is the ultra-filtration membrane of molecular weight cut-off 100.
3, ultrafilter sees through liquid and is stored into and surpasses can be for atomization quantity the time, open ultrasonic wave concentrate unit, collect the ethanol concentration of volume percent and be 12%～20% trapping solution and can enter again next ultrasonic wave concentrate unit concentrate or other concentrate equipment, until alcohol concn reaches requirement.When alcohol concn is down to 6% in the liquid to be atomized in this ultrasonic wave concentrate unit, transfer them in the fermentor tank.
4, when the ethanol volumetric concentration is lower than 3% in the fermented liquid, close ultrasonic concentrate unit.
Described step also comprises concentration of volume percent when sugar in the fermented liquid when being lower than 8%, in the fermentor tank continuously or the fermentation raw material such as intermittent injecting cellulose hydrolysis sugar.
The ultrasonic frequency that fermentor tank and concentrate unit use is 1.8MHz, and power is about every liter of liquid material 4W.
Claims (16)
1. biomass ferment-separation coupling device, comprise the biomass ferment tank, it is characterized in that: under the liquid level of fermentor tank, ultrasonic atomizer is set, arrange and collect the aerosol trap that the aerosol that produces on the fermentor tank liquid level obtains ethanolic soln, the aerosol trap adopts the structure of spray-packing tower coupling, and the device that the further concentrate of the ethanolic soln of collecting reclaims is set.
2. according to device claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: ultra-filtration equipment is set, and the ethanolic soln of collecting passed through first ultra-filtration equipment before entering the concentrate retrieving arrangement.
3. according to device claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described ultra-filtration equipment uses and can molecular weight cut-off be the ultra-filtration membrane of 50-170.
4. according to device claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the pipeline that trapped fluid loops back fermentor tank is set.
5. according to device claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the further concentrate retrieving arrangement of ethanolic soln is the ultrasonic atomization concentration unit, distillation concentration unit or absorption concentration unit.
6. according to device claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described ultrasonic atomization concentration unit arranges one-level at least, ultrasonic atomizer is set below the liquid level in the ultrasonic atomization concentration unit, and the liquid phase that the aerosol trap of ultrasonic atomization concentration unit captures is the ethanolic soln that concentration improves.
7. according to device claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: what the aerosol trap adopted is the structure that spray-packing tower is coupled as one, is comprised of following spray dust trapping chamber and top packing tower two portions.
8. according to claim 1 or 7 described devices, it is characterized in that: described aerosol trap is arranged on the fermentor tank outside, position more than the fermentor tank liquid level arranges the aerosol relief outlet, the position that the aerosol relief outlet is relative in fermentor tank arranges the gas-phase transport device, the aerosol relief outlet is connected with the aerosol trap, the liquid phase that the aerosol trap is discharged enters further treatment unit, aerosol trap discharge gas phase is set is circulated to the pipeline of fermentor tank or aerosol trap discharge Gas Phase Adsorption device is set.
9. according to device claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: spray dust trapping chamber inner top arranges nozzle, and nozzle also is set in spray dust trapping chamber on every side, and nozzle links to each other the spray liquid cyclical operation by recycle pump with the bottom of spray dust trapping chamber.
10. according to device claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: ultrasonic atomizer is arranged on below the fermentor tank liquid level, apart from liquid level 1～10cm.
11. according to device claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that: fermentor tank liquid-level controller or ultrasonic atomizer location positioning structure are set.
12. according to device claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: ultrasonic atomizer is high-frequency ultrasonic, and frequency is 1～10MHz.
13. a method for preparing ethanol adopts the biomass fermentation fermenting process to prepare ethanol, it is characterized in that: right to use requires the described fermentation-separation coupling device of 1 to 12 arbitrary claim.
14. in accordance with the method for claim 13, it is characterized in that: the process of preparation ethanol comprises puts into fermentor tank with fermentation raw material, add the fermentation thalline, under the condition of alcohol prepared by fermenting, carry out fermentative processing, the ethanol volumetric concentration reaches 2%～8% in fermented liquid, start ultrasonic atomizer, Recycled ethanol solution from aerosol.
15. it is characterized in that in accordance with the method for claim 14: described fermentation raw material is from the fiber hydrolysis sugar.
16. in accordance with the method for claim 15, it is characterized in that: the fiber water solution is attached in fermentation-sepn process, i.e. cellulose hydrolysis, cellulose hydrolysis sugar-fermenting, fermentation obtains the separation of ethanol and carries out in described fermentation-separation coupling device simultaneously.
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102351646B (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2014-05-21 | 南京工业大学 | Method for separating ethanol from fermentation liquor |
| CN103102250B (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2014-10-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | System unit and method for condensation of ethanol through ultrasonic atomization |
| CN103102248B (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2015-06-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Apparatus and method for concentrating ethanol through ultrasonic atomization |
| CN103102249B (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2016-01-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of apparatus and method of concentrating ethanol through ultrasonic atomization |
| CN104862348B (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2018-06-15 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | A kind of method that production long-chain biatomic acid is coupled with UF membrane of fermenting |
| CN105482998A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-04-13 | 广西新天德能源有限公司 | High-efficiency and environment-friendly alcoholic fermentation coupling film separating system device |
| CN105420095A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-03-23 | 徐大鹏 | Ethanol fermentation coupled PDMS-ceramic composite membrane separation system device |
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| US20080020437A1 (en) * | 2006-07-20 | 2008-01-24 | Savarese John J | Apparatus and method for producing fuel ethanol from biomass |
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