CN102047018B - Device for thermomechanically joining pipes - Google Patents

Abstract

The inventive device for thermomechanically joining pipes (1, 2) comprises a joining working organ which encompasses the end of the pipes (1, 2) to be joined and is made of a shape memory material, wherein the joining working organ is in the form of a bellows (3) with a cooling-and-heating unit (7) which is coupled to an energy carrier source and is designed in the form of two pipe coils arranged outside the bellows (3) between the corrugations thereof, the bellows (3) and the pipe coils are enclosed in a hermetical dismountable cylindrical jacket which consists of two parts (5, 6), a thermal protective shell is attached to the inner surface of the jacket and flanges (23) with a rubber pad (24) are made on the end faces thereof, said flanges are conjugated with the pipe (1, 2) ends to be joined, the pipe coils are secured on the corresponding parts (5, 6) of the jacket and elastic sealing rings (10) are placed on the surface of the bellows (3) corrugations contacting the pipe (1, 2) ends to be joined.

Description

Be used for the mechanically device of connecting tube of heat

Technical field

The present invention relates to mechanical engineering, particularly relate to the device that has the parts (mainly be pipe) of drum for connection, and when carrying out connecting hermetically for the large-diameter pipeline that is laid on land and under water oil transportation and gas transmission of task, can use described device.

Background technique

The welding and the docking device that are used for repairing damaged underwater line are known (referring to " external sea-freight is built " (Russian),, the 5th phase, 57-58 pages or leaves in 1984).Described known device comprises for installation and is used for the framework of hydraulic jack that tube end is aimed at.Described device is the Packed active chamber of tool also, described active chamber be used for by dry method welding be connected pipe end.Described active chamber is by being used for producing the Compressed air drying of conventional " doing " weldering.

A shortcoming of described known devices is for the equipment complexity of the welding operation of situation under water.Described device uses hydraulic station with operating fluid, is used for the powerful fan of the dry work of air cavity space and for the active chamber of finishing welding operation by dry method.

Become known for the device of connecting tube end, described device have pipe joint shape (referring to: the application No.OS 3702948, IPC ⁴Be categorized as F16L21/06, Germany).Pipe joint comprises two and half bowls in described device, this two and half bowl is tightened towards each other by the device for screwing up footpath, and form (on pipe) longitudinal joints.Described half bowl has the axial annular shoulder that engages with connecting ring that is used for that extends radially inwardly.Be installed between connecting ring and the shoulder by sealing surface and the interactional seal ring of tube wall.Seal ring is connected ring and is assemblied on the pipe and by the support ring axially support of half bowl of encirclement.Seal ring has the shaped profile that is conducive to axially connect tightness.Support ring has formed the annular seal chamber with triangular cross section with ferrule end face and tube-surface.

Described joint comprises many parts, comprises half bowl, in order to make that described joint needs a large amount of metals and for the manufacture of many man-hours of seal face.Installing under water of described joint needs extra man-hour and extra time.

Heat engine tool sleeve (joint) is known, it is as the device of connecting tube and by the material with shape memory effect (SME), make (referring to A.S.Tikhonov etc. " use of shape memory effect in Present Mechanical Engineering " (Russian) such as NiTi (nitinol), Moscow, Mashinostroyenie publishing house, 1981, the 56-62 page or leaf).

Management document about use pipe heat engine tool connector (TMC) in aviation industry is known, for example OST (industrial standard) 100960-80 " overall thermal mechanical pipe connector ", and OST113681-80 " design of heat engine tool adapter connector and size.”

Management document about use heat engine tool pipe jointer in shipbuilding is known, and for example TU.564-11429 " the heat engine tool connecting head technical specification that is used for the sea-freight pipeline " checks and approves through TsNII KM " PROMETEI "; RD5UEIA.2836-90 " the heat engine tool connector that is used for the shipping system pipeline for the manufacture of with the process modeling production process of assembling " TsNII KM " PROMETEI ".

It is holistic connection that the heat engine tool that is used for pipe connects, and has wherein used joint, and described joint is with comprising that the alloy with SME material makes.Known heat engine tool joint is used to connect narrow tube (diameter is less than 40 millimeters).The technique that they is installed in tube end comprises following operation: freezing in liquid nitrogen, radial deformation is used for increasing internal diameter, at special refrigerating chamber storage and transportation joint until be installed in moment on the pipe.The joint that is installed on the pipe has recovered its original internal diameter when being heated, therefore form the heat engine tool and connect.

Owing to may produce corrosion under the impact of making joint with the NiTi alloy at the pipeline of steel, therefore such pipe connection is insecure, particularly these pipelines be in seawater, use in.

Use such sleeve to fix the large diameter tube end and need to consume a large amount of NiTi alloys, need high labor intensity and heat engine tool sleeve and with the smart machining of the end surfaces that is connected, this so that when connecting the major diameter pipe end such sleeve commercially be not have man-hours profitable and that needs are a large amount of.Be used for heat engine tool connector according to the pipeline of the RD.UEIA2836-90 that is published by TsNII KM " PROMETEI " " the heat engine tool connector that is used for the shipping system pipeline " and be considered to immediate scheme with claimed device.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to for any pipe diameter all guarantee economical and be connected airtight (hermetic) connect, described connection can be by land and is carried out under water and have energy carrier, man-hour and pay for the minimum of finishing pipe attended operation needed time.

It is owing to connect at the known heat engine tool that is used for pipeline that described purpose is accomplished, described mechanical connection comprises the connection operation element, described connection operation element surrounds the end of the pipe that will be connected and is made by the material with shape memory effect (shape heat engine tool memory effect), according to the present invention, described connection operation element is manufactured into the shape of bellows, and it has cooling and the heating unit that is arranged in the airtight cylindrical shell that is made of two parts that disconnects.Heat-resisting shell is attached to the internal surface of housing, and forms the flange with rubber washer in its end.Cooling and heating unit are manufactured into two coil pipes, and these two coil pipes are communicated with the energy carrier source and are connected on corresponding half housing.Coil pipe is installed in the outside of bellows, is arranged between the ripple of bellows.The elastic filler circle is installed on the surface of the bellows ripple that contacts with the tube end that will be connected.

In addition, the work radial surface of elastic seal ring is made into spill.

In addition, the anchor clamps that discharge fast are installed on the joint between the two housings parts in the zone of their end.

In addition, each quick release clip is made with the shape of the pick of U-shaped folder support, and the eccentric mass that wherein has handle is mounted, so that have the interactional possibility of another parts with housing.

In addition, cooling is bent with the coil pipe of heating unit so that consistent with the ripple of bellows, and has for the end fitting of supplying with and get rid of energy carrier, and the hole that forms sealing in housing is with the airtight output for described accessory.

In addition, form lifting bolt in the outside at housing middle part and be used for transporting described device.

In addition, until described device operation beginning, bellows is installed on the simulator of the tube end that will be connected, the purpose that it is not subjected to the impact of environment and is used for convenient transportation for the protection of bellows.

Because will connect operation element makes the bellows of being made by the material with shape memory effect, therefore described technological scheme can be unified be used to the airtight connecting tube that comprises large diameter tube with any diameter, when in oil and gas industry, pipe being laid on the way or this is important under water the time, and can replace the heavy wall joint to save the use of alloy by making bellows, especially for connecting large diameter pipe.

Claimed device has improved the connection reliability of docking assembly; this is to realize owing at the internal surface of the bellows ripple that contacts with the pipe end that will be connected elastic seal ring being installed; described seal ring prevents that steel part (pipe) is for the manufacture of connecting operation element, being to be corroded under the impact of NiTi alloy of bellows, particularly when pipeline is subject to affecting of seawater.

Described new equipment has improved the reliability of pipe end connection also owing to making elastic seal ring have the working surface of concavity, on the pipe end surface that therefore will be connected when changing bellows form and the ripple of bellows, the hollow groove of seal ring concave surface produces " gluing " phenomenon.

The amount that seals the device consumed energy (freezing mixture or spent hot water) that connects with the pipe of being connected that is used to form set forth above can be ignored, because hot water need to be used for accelerating to change the process of bellows form, and because the process of connection pipe end is carried out the phase transformation owing to the interior energy in the bellows material, described phase transformation is activated by the heat affecting of ambient air or water.The process that changes in order to accelerate bellows form, the spent hot water who is not higher than 100 ℃ can provide to bellows.

Described new device do not need a large amount of time be used for by land with the sea on the installment work of connecting tube end, this for organization work personnel (diver) under water condition finish and lay and fitting operation is extremely important, this makes by having in advance the alloy of shape memory effect owing to bellows, under factory condition, place it in and have in the housing that maintains the subzero temperature, and transport it into the place that to manage connection being in preparedness.

Because make housing have heat-resisting shell around bellows, therefore can save and finish the hermetically required energy of operation of connecting tube, also because until before bringing into use it bellows is remained on the simulator of the parts (pipe end) that will be connected, this prevents bellows early change shape under the impact of environment, therefore described heat-resisting shell---cool air or seawater---impact on bellows of having got rid of environment.

Claimed device can be saved hermetically connected element (pipe) required time and man-hour; because do not need extra machine treatment is not carried out in the end of the pipe that will be connected; this is because the concave surface that has used the elastic seal ring with double concave surface of contact, its middle concave surface of contact will surround the convex surface of connected component and fill them when bellows changes shape.

Making can be with quick release clip and be used for transporting the housing that the lifting bolt of described device disconnects, and make for the closed hole of exporting hermetically accessory and in housing, supply with and the exhaust energy carrier being used for, make it possible to save and prepare and finish and manage the necessary time of attended operation.

Description of drawings

Theme of the present invention is described by following accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. 1 has shown the overall pattern of described device;

Fig. 2 has shown the A-A cross section among Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 has shown the G-G cross section among Fig. 1, i.e. the longitudinal section of described device when described device is installed in the simulator of pipe (tube end);

Fig. 4 has shown the B-B cross section among Fig. 1 (having for the end fitting to cooling and heating unit conveying capacity carrier);

Fig. 5 has shown the C-C cross section among Fig. 1 (having the end fitting for the discharging energy carrier);

Fig. 6 has schematically shown the device with bellows that is in operating position;

Fig. 7 has shown the E-E cross section among Fig. 2 (interior views with housing of cooling and heating unit) in the mode of opening view;

Fig. 8 has shown the phantom in D-D cross section among Fig. 1 (being used for connecting the quick release clip of housing parts);

Fig. 9 has shown the view (top view that is used for the quick release clip of connection housing parts) that Fig. 8 sees along the F direction.

Embodiment

The heat engine tool connection that mainly is the pipe of pipe 1,2 comprises the bellows 3 (seeing Fig. 3,6) of being made by the alloy with shape memory effect.For the operation of described device, bellows 3 is installed on the pipe 1 that will be connected, 2 the end.Until described device begins operation, bellows 3 is installed on the simulator 4 of the pipe 1 that will be connected, 2 ends, and this is in order to prevent that bellows interior is subject to the impact of environment (when in the situations such as it betransported).Simulator 4 has and equals the external diameter that the pipe external diameter that will be connected equates, and made by nonmetal heatproof material, for example have porous structure, in water, have positive showy property and have simultaneously high-intensity EDS-5AS plastics ball according to TU5.966-21114-85.Bellows 3 has by two parts 5 and 6 shells that consist of (Fig. 1 and 2), and this is in order to prevent that bellows 3 is subject to the impact of environment.Cooling and heating unit 7 are installed on the outer surface of bellows 3 and between the ripple of bellows 3 (Fig. 2 and 3).Bellows 3 has ripple, and described ripple has outer convex surface 8 and concave surface 9.Nonmetal elastic seal ring 10 is sealed on the surface that ground (for example using the polyamide of frosting resistance) is installed in the concave surface 9 on the ripple of bellows 3, and elastic seal ring 10 and the pipe 1 that will be connected contact (Fig. 3) with 2 end.On its cross section, elastic seal ring 10 has the concave surface 11 that is positioned on the workpiece contact radial plane and produces " clinging " phenomenon with the moment that is used for changing at bellows 3 its shapes.

Bellows 3 is made (referring to " physics of metals and metal science " (Russian) such as V.N.Tokareva by the NiTi alloy (or NiTiNOL) with shape memory effect, Moscow, Nauka publishing house, nineteen eighty-three, the 56th volume, the 2nd phase, 340-343 page or leaf, according to the TN-1K alloy of TU1-809-275, according to the hot pressing pipe of TU1-809-95).The distortion when it changes shape of the alloy of the descriptions such as V.N.Tokareva reaches 16%, and the distortion when it changes shape of TN-1K alloy reaches 4-6%.The TN-1K alloy that in the device of asking for protection, uses industrial be known.In order on purpose to use by land described alloy, for example under the condition in remote the north, temperature may reach subzero 40 ℃ there, and bellows 3 should have subzero 60 ℃ martensitic transformation temperature M _K, avoid the naturally variation of shape during greater than negative 40 ℃ with convenient temperature.

When laying in the environment of pipeline in the ocean, the temperature range of seawater may be from subzero 2 ℃ to 32 ℃ above freezing in ocean environment, and the austenite conversion standard of alloy is the temperature range from 40 ℃ to 50 ℃, as bellows is installed on the way or marine situation.For on purpose by land with marine use bellows, the austenitic phase transition temperature A of its alloy _KShould be in 50 ℃ to 60 ℃ scope, avoid naturally changing of shape when equaling 32 ℃ when temperature.

Before described device was transported to operating position, bellows 3 was cooled to-60 ℃ in plant environment, and bellows 3 distortion guarantee that bellows 3 is placed on the value on the simulator 4 freely, namely increases the 4-6% greater than the pipe end external diameter in order to its internal diameter is increased.At this moment, " memory " described shape when alloy lattice occurs when movement (referring to: " use of shape memory effect in Present Mechanical Engineering " (Russian), A.S.Tikhonov etc., Moscow, Mashinostroyenie publishing house, 1981, the 4-7,33 pages), and only be cooled to martensite in the change of subzero 60 ℃ of shapes in the future, bellows 3 memory its shapes (diameter of increase).

When bellows 3 is heated to 50 ℃ to 60 ℃ temperature range in plant environment, its shell again is out of shape so that its internal diameter is reduced to a value, and it is less than the 2-4% of the tube end external diameter that will be connected.At this moment, the described shape of alloy lattice when being moved " memory ", and the change of shape when in the future only being cooled to austenite at 50 ℃, bellows 3 memory described shapes (diameter that reduces).(referring to: Yu.K.Favstov " Venstnik Mashinostroyenia " (Russian), 1984, the 1 phases, 52-55 page or leaf; Simultaneously referring to OST1.00960-80, RD.5UEIA.2836-90).

Cooling and heating unit (Fig. 2-5,7) are used for cooling and the heating of bellows 3, and manufacture as the consistent crooked coil pipes of two ripples with bellows 3, described coil pipe is installed on housing parts 5,6 the inwall and is installed in the outside of bellows 3 between the ripple of bellows 3.The end fitting 12 (Figure 4 and 5) of the pipe of cooling and heating unit 7 is placed on outside by the hole 13 that forms hermetically in housing.End fitting 12 on purpose is used for cooling off and heating unit 7 is connected to for the energy carrier source (freezing mixture or spent hot water) of regulating bellows 3 temperature.End fitting 12 is fixed on (Fig. 2,4 and 5) in the flange 14, and it has guaranteed that by seal washer 15 accessory 12 is inserted into the tightness of housing parts 5 and 6.Fast release clip 16 is arranged on housing parts 5,6 joint, in the scope of its end, the form that among them each all manufactures the eccentric mass with handle 18 and is connected to the pick of housing parts 6, and U-shaped folder 20 is pivotably mounted on the pick shape spare (pick) 19 and is connected to and housing parts 5 interactional eccentric masss 17 (Fig. 1,2,8 and 9).Piece 17 forms eccentric " e ", and this is because can make like this end of housing parts 5 and 6 become tight.The middle body (Fig. 1,2 and 7) that lifting bolt 21 is disposed in housing is used for described device is transported to the place of the pipe 1 that will be connected, 2 end.Housing parts 5 and 6 (Fig. 3 and 7) has the wall with flange 23, rubber washer 24 (Fig. 3) is installed on its internal surface is used for guaranteeing tightness when contacting the simulator 4 of managing 1 and 2 end or having the shape that can remove the cylinder that moves. Housing parts 5 and 6 inwall have the heat-resisting shell of being made by silica gel.

Use under the following condition in the remote north that described device can be by land.

Have bellows 3 (its in factory with default temperature by predeformation and be installed on the simulator 4) described device be transported to the position of connecting tube 1 and 2.

Outside air temperature may be low to moderate subzero 40 ℃, and at summer temperature up to 40 ℃, therefore be necessary to supply with freezing mixture, for example liquid nitrogen is to cooling and heating unit, in order in housing, produce and reach subzero 60 ℃ temperature, because the internal diameter of its default increases of bellows 3 memory under such temperature, the large 4-6% of external diameter of the pipe that it maybe will be connected than simulator 4 external diameters.Than the pipe 1 that will be connected, 2 external diameter or the large 4-6% of external diameter of simulator 4, this makes it possible to from simulator 4 except moving described device such ambient temperature from the subzero 40 ℃ internal diameters that guaranteed bellows 3 to subzero 60 ℃ reduction.

Afterwards, simulator 4 is from being arranged on bellows 3 in the housing except moving.The pipe 1 that will be connected, 2 end are introduced in bellows 3 and are arranged on (Fig. 3) on the simulator 4, stop subsequently supplying with energy carrier to cooling and heating unit, and bellows 3 (with environmental exposure) is heated to 32 ℃ to 40 ℃ temperature range from ambient temperature.

Subsequently, 100 ℃ hot water or steam are fed into cooling and heating unit in order to bellows 3 is heated to 50 to 60 ℃ temperature range, its default internal diameter that reduces of bellows 3 memory under described temperature, described internal diameter is than the pipe 1 that will be connected, 2 the little 2-4% of outer end diameter.At this moment, the NiTi alloy of bellows 3 forms the phase transformation experience in its lattice, and namely austenite changed in martensite.

As the result in the phase transformation of the alloy of bellows 3, produce basis about reducing the work of its internal diameter, in connection, occur until the pressure of 500 MPas (referring to: A.S.Tikhonov etc. " use of shape memory effect in Present Mechanical Engineering " (Russian), Moscow, Mashinostroyenie publishing house, 1981, the 28,36,72 pages).The end that the power extruded tube 1,2 that bellows 3 usefulness are very large is connected, this cause the surface of contact of bellows ripple and manage 1,2 be connected between the end fit very tight, be similar to the process of contact cold welding (referring to inventor and reformer's handbook (Russian), Moscow, Mashinostroyenie publishing house, 1962, Sverdlovsk, the 540th page).Elastic seal ring 10 is pushed by bellows 3 equally.10 distortion of described elastic seal ring and encircle tightly pipe 1,2 be touched the end, ground, therefore filled the irregular and rough edge of on the bellows that is in contact with it all and surrounded pipe 1,2, therefore formed airtight inseparable connection.

In addition, when elastic seal ring 10 is extruded, its concave surface 11 is extruded equally, air is overflowed from the volume of concave surface 11, and all these have caused seal ring 10 to be bonded to the outer surface that is connected the end of pipe 1,2, have therefore produced additional pressure and have increased the tightness and the reliability that connect at the pipe circumference.

After above all operations that form airtight connection are finished (Fig. 6), release clip 16 utilizes handle 18 to be opened by land fast, the part 5 of housing and 6 connection parts from pipe are removed, and bellows 3 is stayed on the end-fitting of two pipes 1,2 as linkage unit.

If must be by land with described connection separately, for example when repairing pipeline, housing 5 and 6 again be arranged in pipeline around, be fed into cooling and heating unit 7 for bellows 3 being cooled to subzero 60 ℃ of freezing mixtures, it surpasses the internal diameter of the increase of connected tube 1,2 diameter 4-6% in subzero 60 ℃ of bellowss, 3 memories, and all these can be from link position with bellows 3 dismountings.Subsequently, simulator 4 is installed in the bellows 3, and this prevents that bellows is heated and helps the minimizing of coolant flow speed under the impact of environment.

Described device can use in the marine site of the following condition in the remote north under water.

Because in subzero 2 ℃ to 32 ℃ scope, for example, under baltic environment, the martensitic phase height of bellows 3 alloys should be raised to negative 24 ℃ to seawater near its surperficial temperature.But under the environment in the remote north, when described device is transported to the mounting point, it will stand the impact of ambient temperature, and therefore temperature will should be negative 60 ℃ for negative 40 ℃ and martensitic phase height.The temperature of the martensite phase transformation in the alloy of bellows 3 is required to be higher than 32 ℃, namely about 50 ℃ (for example, in baltic environment).In the alloy of bellows 3, if martensitic phase height M _KFor negative 60 ℃ and _ s of Austenite are 50 ℃, be installed in the natural separation that bellows 3 can not occur after being connected the end pipe 1,2 at it.

Be transported to connecting tube 1,2 position with the described device of bellows 3 subsequently, described bellows 3 in factory with martensite conversion (M _K=negative 60 ℃) and austenite conversion (A _K=50 ℃) preset temperature by predeformation, and be installed on the simulator 4.

After this, the process of connecting tube is carried out by operator or diver under water, and described process is similar to the process of above-described by land connecting tube.Under the remote north and baltic environment, here it is reliable, airtight, economical with general that the heat engine tool that is used for pipeline that proposes connects, this is to manufacture bellows with shape memory effect (its can its required alloy consumption of intensive manufacturing) because will connect operation element, the pipeline that connects any diameter in the situation of the additional processing of the tube end that does not need to be connected is especially for oil gas product and be laid on pipeline land or under water.

Here the reliability that the heat engine tool that is used for pipeline that proposes connects is enhanced also because have elastic seal ring between the outer surface of bellows ripple and the tube end that will be connected, described seal ring forms protective layer and prevents the corrosion that steel pipeline is caused by the NiTi alloy, particularly when such pipeline is placed in the middle of the seawater (referring to Ye.Ya.Lyublinsky. " corrosion of ship and protection " (Russian). guide, Leningrad, Sudostroyenie publishing house, 1987, the 32 pages; OST is " inorganic metal and nonmetallic coating " technical need R.9048-96, the 49th page).

The energy consumption of claimed device is low in the process of finishing the pipeline closed connection, and this is to connect operation element, be the impact on the bellows because use the housing with heat-resisting shell to get rid of environment, cool air or seawater.

The installation of this simulator of science and technology of external diameter that has benefited from equally the pipe end that will be connected within described period in bellows is until described device operation beginning, and this has prevented the reliability that bellows is subject to the impact of environment and is conducive to described device operation.

Here the device easy operating that proposes because so that housing separable, have quick release clip and be used for the lifting bolt that described device is transported to the place that pipe will be connected.

Claims (6)

1. one kind is used for mechanically connecting tube (1 of heat, 2) device, comprise the described pipe (1 that encirclement will be connected, the connection operation element of end 2), described element is made by the material with shape memory effect, it is characterized in that, described connection operation element is manufactured into the bellows (3) with cooling and heating unit (7), described cooling and heating unit (7) are communicated with the energy carrier source and are manufactured to and be arranged in bellows (3) outside two coil pipes between its ripple, bellows (3) with described coil pipe is arranged on by two parts (5,6) in the airtight discerptible cylindrical shell that forms, the inner surface additional of described housing is connected to heat-resisting shell, and make with the flange of rubber washer (24) (23) end of described housing, described flange and the pipe (1 that will be connected, 2) end cooperates, described coil pipe is attached to the corresponding part (5 of described housing, 6) on, and with the pipe (1 that will be connected, on the surface of the ripple of the bellows (3) of end contact 2) elastic seal ring (10) is installed.

2. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the work radial surface of described elastic seal ring (10) is made into spill.

3. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the end regions of described housing, the joint between two parts (5,6) of described housing is equipped with quick release clip (16).

4. device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, each quick release clip (16) is manufactured to pick shape spare (19), it is upper and be pivotally connected on the described part (5) by U-shaped folder (20) that described pick shape spare (19) is attached to the part (5) of housing, is installed in the described U-shaped folder (20) and has the interactional possibility of another part (6) with described housing with the eccentric mass (17) of handle (18).

5. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the ripple of the coil pipe of described cooling and heating unit (7) and described bellows (3) is as one man crooked and have end fitting (12), and makes in described housing and be useful on the hole with Sealing (13) of exporting hermetically described accessory.

6. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is formed be used to the lifting bolt that transports described device (21) in the intermediate portion of described housing and at the outer surface of described housing.

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