CN102046828A - A bearing component - Google Patents

A bearing component Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102046828A
CN102046828A CN2009801190049A CN200980119004A CN102046828A CN 102046828 A CN102046828 A CN 102046828A CN 2009801190049 A CN2009801190049 A CN 2009801190049A CN 200980119004 A CN200980119004 A CN 200980119004A CN 102046828 A CN102046828 A CN 102046828A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
weight
bearing workpiece
aforesaid right
described bearing
workpiece
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Pending
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CN2009801190049A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
默罕麦德·谢里夫
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SKF AB
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SKF AB
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Publication of CN102046828A publication Critical patent/CN102046828A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/30Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/62Selection of substances

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a bearing component formed from a steel composition comprising: (a) from 0.5 - 1.2 wt. % carbon, (b) from 0.15 - 2 wt. % silicon, (c) from 0.25 - 2 wt. % manganese, (d) from 0.85 - 3 wt. % chromium, (e) optionally one or more of the following elements from 0 - 5 wt. % cobalt, from 0 - 2 wt. % aluminium, from 0 - 0.6 wt. % molybdenum, from 0 - 0.5 wt. % nickel, from 0 - 0.2 wt. % vanadium, from 0 - 0.1 wt. % sulphur, from 0 - 0.1 wt. % phosphorous, and (f) the balance iron, together with unavoidable impurities.

Description

The bearing workpiece
Technical field
In general, the present invention relates to field of metallurgy, and relate to the bearing workpiece, rolling element or the ring that is formed by bearing steel for example, this bearing steel comprise that lower bainite (lower bainite) is as main phase.
Background technology
Bearing is to allow to be tied between two parts the device of relative movement (constrained relative motion).The rolling element bearing comprises inner race and outer races and many rolling elements (ball or roller) that places therebetween.For long-term reliability and long-term behaviour, importantly various elements have high anti-rolling fatigability (resistance to rolling fatigue), high-wearing feature and high creep resistant.
The technology of traditional manufacturing metal works comprises that hot rolling or forge hot to form bar, bar, pipe or ring, obtain required workpiece by soft forming method subsequently.Surface hardening (surface hardening) method is well-known, and is used for local increasing and has finished the surface hardness of workpiece, thereby improves for example wear resistance and fatigue resistance.Known many case hardening process are used to improve the rolling contact fatigability.
The alternatives of surface hardening (case-hardening) is pansclerosis (through-hardening).The pansclerosis workpiece is different from the surface hardening workpiece, and the hardness of pansclerosis workpiece is evenly or uniform substantially in whole work-piece.Usually also the manufacturing of specific surface sclerosis workpiece is cheap in the manufacturing of pansclerosis workpiece, because they have avoided for example relevant with cementation process complicated heat treatment.For the pansclerosis bearing steel workpiece, two kinds of heat treating methods are arranged: martensitic hardening or isothermal quenching.The workpiece performance such as toughness, hardness, microstructure, retained austenite content and dimensional stability, is that thermal treatment with used particular type is relevant or influenced by it.
Martensite pansclerosis technology comprises makes the steel austenitizing, quenches when martensite begins transition temperature being lower than then.Afterwards steel through low-temperaturetempering to stablize microstructure.
Bainite pansclerosis technology comprises makes the steel austenitizing, quenches when martensite begins transition temperature being higher than then.Carry out the isothermal bainite transformation after quenching.Sometimes preferably in steel, carry out bainite pansclerosis rather than martensite pansclerosis.This is because bainite structure has excellent mechanical property, such as toughness and resistance of crack propagation.
Known have a lot of conventional heat treating methods to be used for realizing martensite pansclerosis and bainite pansclerosis.
WO 01/79568 has put down in writing a kind of method of producing rolling parts of bearings.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of bearing workpiece (bearing component), steel compositions of column element forms by comprising down for it:
(a) carbon of 0.5~1.2 weight %,
(b) silicon of 0.15~2 weight %,
(c) manganese of 0.25~2 weight %,
(d) chromium of 0.85~3 weight %,
(e) the following element of Ren Xuan one or more:
The cobalt of 0~5 weight %,
The aluminium of 0~2 weight %,
The molybdenum of 0~0.6 weight %,
The nickel of 0~0.5 weight %,
The vanadium of 0~0.2 weight %,
The sulphur of 0~0.1 weight %,
The phosphorus of 0~0.1 weight % and
(f) surplus is iron and unavoidable impurities.
The bearing workpiece is formed by alloy as herein described, and preferably includes lower bainite as main phase (be generally at least 60% bainite, be more typically at least 80% bainite) or as unique basically phase (bainite promptly>95%).Bainite preferably obtains by the transformation (transformation) at lesser temps (usually less than 350 ℃, being more typically 110~325 ℃).A result of low transformation temperature is that bainite sheet (plates ofbainite) is very thin.Especially, the microstructure that preferably has of material comprises less than 100nm, is generally 10~50nm, is more typically the bainite sheet of 20~40nm.Usually be scattered with retained austenite in the bainite sheet.Bainite forms at least 60% microstructure usually, more generally forms at least 80% microstructure.
This steel preferably is substantially free of carbide.Usually, microstructure can comprise the carbide less than 5%, is more typically less than 3%.
The ultimate tensile strength that this steel has usually is 2500MPa, and hardness is 600~670HV, and toughness is greater than 30~40MPam 1/2Microstructure and resulting mechanical properties have been improved the rolling contact fatigability of bearing workpiece.
Present invention will be further described now.In following paragraph, will be elaborated to different aspect of the present invention.So all respects that limit can be with other any one or many aspects make up, unless clearly indication is on the contrary arranged.Specifically, anyly be indicated as being preferred or favourable feature and can be indicated as being preferred or favourable one or more features and make up with any.
This steel compositions preferably comprises 0.7~1.1 weight %, the more preferably carbon of 0.75~1.05 weight %.With other alloying element combination, this has caused required thin bainite (lower bainite) microstructure.Carbon is used to reduce the bainite transformation temperature.
This steel compositions preferably comprises 0.25~2 weight %, the more preferably silicon of 0.25~1 weight %, especially preferred 0.4~1 weight %.With other alloying element combination, this causes the thin microstructure (fine carbide-free microstructure) (or essentially no carbide) of required carbides-free.Silicon helps to suppress separating out of cementite.Yet too high silicone content can cause oxide on surface and the poor surface smoothness of not expecting.Reason for this reason, the maximum level of silicon is 2 weight %, more preferably 1 weight %.
This steel compositions preferably comprise 0.25~1.9 weight %, more preferably 0.25~1.8 weight %, especially be preferably the manganese of 0.25~1.7 weight %.Manganese is used to increase austenite with respect to ferritic stability.
This steel compositions preferably comprises 0.95~2.05 weight %, more preferably 0.95~1.5 weight %, especially preferred 0.95~1.4 weight %, the chromium of 0.95~1.3 weight % especially more preferably.Chromium is used to increase hardening capacity and reduces bainite and begin transition temperature.
Although cobalt and aluminium are the elements of choosing wantonly, preferred a kind of element or two kinds of elements that exist wherein.Correspondingly, in preferred embodiments, steel compositions comprises a kind of in the following element or comprises following two kinds of elements:
0.1 the cobalt of~5 weight %, and/or
0.1 the aluminium of~2 weight %.
More preferably, this steel compositions comprises a kind of in the following element or comprises following two kinds of elements:
The cobalt of 1~4 weight %, and/or
0.5 the aluminium of~2 weight %.
More preferably, this steel compositions comprises a kind of in the following element or comprises following two kinds of elements:
1.8 the cobalt of~4 weight %, and/or
The aluminium of 1~2 weight %.
More preferably, this steel compositions comprises a kind of in the following element or comprises following two kinds of elements:
The cobalt of 2~4 weight %, and/or
1.2 the aluminium of~2 weight %.
Found that aluminium has improved the intrinsic toughness of bearing workpiece, this may suppress the formation of carbide owing to it.
Found that cobalt has improved the erosion resistance of bearing workpiece.This is very important for the bearing workpiece that for example is used for wind turbine or boats and ships gondola (marine pod).This class bearing can be owing to seawater be polluted, and this can greatly reduce the work-ing life of bearing.
If of course, alloy preferably comprises the molybdenum of 0.05~0.5 weight %.Molybdenum is used to avoid the embrittlement of the austenite grain boundary that caused by impurity (for example phosphorus).Molybdenum also is used to increase hardening capacity and the minimizing bainite begins transition temperature.
Be understandable that the steel that is used for bearing workpiece of the present invention can contain unavoidable impurities, though these impurity amount to the 0.5 weight % that unlikely surpasses composition.Preferably, the amount of the unavoidable impurities that alloy contains is the 0.3 weight % that is not more than composition, more preferably, is not more than 0.1 weight % of composition.Phosphorus content and sulphur content preferably remain on minimum.
Alloy of the present invention is basically by described elementary composition.Therefore be understandable that except these elements that must have, can also have the other element that does not have explanation in composition, condition is the essential property that their existence can not influence composition largely.
Bearing workpiece of the present invention is formed by following steel: common 110~350 ℃ temperature transition of this steel becomes bainite, and the temperature transition that is more typically in 115~250 ℃ becomes bainite.The fringe time of finishing the formation of bainite is 3 hours to 80 days, more generally is 6 hours to 60 days.Fringe time depends on transition temperature: temperature is low more, and the time is long more.The bainite amount that forms depends on transition temperature: temperature is low more, and the bainite of formation is many more.Transition temperature is high more, and the residual Ovshinsky scale of construction can increase.
Make the technology of bearing workpiece steel and avoided quick cooling, thereby can avoid the unrelieved stress in the large-scale workpiece piece.
In order to quicken transition process, found that it is favourable that cobalt and/or aluminium are added into steel compositions.
Some examples that are suitable for bainitic steel composition of the present invention comprise (surplus is Fe):
0.79 the carbon of weight %,
1.59 the silicon of weight %,
1.94 the manganese of weight %,
1.33 the chromium of weight %,
0.3 the molybdenum of weight %,
0.11 the vanadium of weight %.
0.98 the carbon of weight %,
1.46 the silicon of weight %,
1.89 the manganese of weight %,
1.26 the chromium of weight %,
0.26 the molybdenum of weight %,
0.09 the vanadium of weight %.
0.83 the carbon of weight %,
1.57 the silicon of weight %,
1.98 the manganese of weight %,
1.02 the chromium of weight %,
0.24 the molybdenum of weight %,
1.54 the cobalt of weight %.
0.78 the carbon of weight %,
1.49 the silicon of weight %,
1.95 the manganese of weight %,
0.97 the chromium of weight %,
0.24 the molybdenum of weight %,
1.60 the cobalt of weight %,
0.99 the aluminium of weight %.
If needed, improve various mechanical propertys by the step after the bainite transformation of carrying out any routine.For example, in some cases, improve yield strength by carrying out deformation step after the bainite transformation and tempering afterwards.
The bearing workpiece can be the part of rolling element bearing, for example bearing inner ring or outer shroud, or ball element or roller elements.The bearing workpiece also can be a part for example ball and the roller screw of linear bearings.
The present invention also provides the bearing that comprises bearing workpiece described here.

Claims (17)

1. bearing workpiece, steel compositions of column element forms by comprising down for it:
(a) carbon of 0.5~1.2 weight %,
(b) silicon of 0.15~2 weight %,
(c) manganese of 0.25~2 weight %,
(d) chromium of 0.85~3 weight %,
(e) the following element of Ren Xuan one or more:
The cobalt of 0~5 weight %,
The aluminium of 0~2 weight %,
The molybdenum of 0~0.6 weight %,
The nickel of 0~0.5 weight %,
The vanadium of 0~0.2 weight %,
The sulphur of 0~0.1 weight %,
The phosphorus of 0~0.1 weight % and
(f) surplus is iron and unavoidable impurities.
2. bearing workpiece according to claim 1, it comprises the carbon of 0.7~1.1 weight %, the carbon of preferred 0.75~1.05 weight %.
3. bearing workpiece according to claim 1 and 2, it comprises the silicon of 0.25~2 weight %, the silicon of preferred 0.25~1 weight %, the more preferably silicon of 0.5~1 weight %.
4. each described bearing workpiece in requiring according to aforesaid right, it comprises the manganese of 0.25~1.9 weight %, the manganese of preferred 0.25~1.8 weight %, the more preferably manganese of 0.25~1.7 weight %.
5. each described bearing workpiece in requiring according to aforesaid right, it comprises the chromium of 0.95~1.5 weight %, the chromium of preferred 0.95~1.4 weight %, the more preferably chromium of 0.95~1.3 weight %.
6. each described bearing workpiece in requiring according to aforesaid right, it comprises a kind of in the following element or comprises following two kinds of elements:
0.1 the cobalt of~5 weight %, and/or
0.1 the aluminium of~2 weight %.
7. each described bearing workpiece in requiring according to aforesaid right, it comprises a kind of in the following element or comprises following two kinds of elements:
The cobalt of 1~4 weight %, and/or
0.5 the aluminium of~2 weight %.
8. each described bearing workpiece in requiring according to aforesaid right, it comprises a kind of in the following element or comprises following two kinds of elements:
1.8 the cobalt of~4 weight %, and/or
The aluminium of 1~2 weight %.
9. each described bearing workpiece in requiring according to aforesaid right, it comprises a kind of in the following element or comprises following two kinds of elements:
The cobalt of 2~4 weight %, and/or
1.2 the aluminium of~2 weight %.
10. each described bearing workpiece in requiring according to aforesaid right, it comprises the molybdenum of 0.05~0.5 weight %.
11. according to each described bearing workpiece in the aforesaid right requirement, it comprises the vanadium of 0.05~0.2 weight %.
12. according to each described bearing workpiece in the aforesaid right requirement, the microstructure of wherein said steel compositions comprises that bainite is as mutually main or unique basically phase.
13. according to each described bearing workpiece in the aforesaid right requirement, the microstructure of wherein said steel is essentially not carbide-containing.
14. according to each described bearing workpiece in the aforesaid right requirement, the microstructure of wherein said steel comprises the bainite sheet of thickness less than 100nm.
15. bearing workpiece according to claim 14 is scattered with austenite in the wherein said bainite sheet.
16. each described bearing workpiece in requiring according to aforesaid right, it is at least a in rolling element, interior ring and the outer shroud.
17. comprise the bearing of each described bearing workpiece in the aforesaid right requirement.
CN2009801190049A 2008-03-25 2009-03-25 A bearing component Pending CN102046828A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08251054.6 2008-03-25
EP08251054 2008-03-25
PCT/EP2009/002176 WO2009118166A1 (en) 2008-03-25 2009-03-25 A bearing component

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN102046828A true CN102046828A (en) 2011-05-04

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US (1) US20110052442A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2268841A1 (en)
CN (1) CN102046828A (en)
WO (1) WO2009118166A1 (en)

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CN102953006A (en) * 2012-10-19 2013-03-06 燕山大学 Integral hard bainite bearing steel and manufacture method thereof
CN103547696A (en) * 2011-05-17 2014-01-29 Skf公司 Improved bearing steel
CN104160166A (en) * 2012-03-22 2014-11-19 舍弗勒技术有限两合公司 Rolling bearing having a bearing ring with a hardened surface zone
CN105387073A (en) * 2015-12-30 2016-03-09 哈尔滨工业大学 Cobalt system conical roller bearing with high temperature-resistant fixing frame
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CN102268601A (en) * 2011-08-09 2011-12-07 上海捷如重工机电设备有限公司 50Cr3MoV steel for back-up roll and heat treatment method for steel
CN104160166B (en) * 2012-03-22 2017-04-26 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 Rolling bearing having a bearing ring with a hardened surface zone
CN104160166A (en) * 2012-03-22 2014-11-19 舍弗勒技术有限两合公司 Rolling bearing having a bearing ring with a hardened surface zone
CN102953006A (en) * 2012-10-19 2013-03-06 燕山大学 Integral hard bainite bearing steel and manufacture method thereof
CN102953006B (en) * 2012-10-19 2014-08-06 燕山大学 Integral hard bainite bearing steel and manufacture method thereof
CN107002205A (en) * 2014-11-27 2017-08-01 斯凯孚公司 The bearing components formed by steel alloy
CN107034422A (en) * 2015-12-14 2017-08-11 斯凯孚公司 Endurance bearing steel
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