CN102043079A - Arc characteristic detecting device and method - Google Patents
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- CN102043079A CN102043079A CN2009101973873A CN200910197387A CN102043079A CN 102043079 A CN102043079 A CN 102043079A CN 2009101973873 A CN2009101973873 A CN 2009101973873A CN 200910197387 A CN200910197387 A CN 200910197387A CN 102043079 A CN102043079 A CN 102043079A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 84
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to arc characteristic detecting device and method. The arc characteristic detecting device comprises a power source (14), a positive conductor (15), a negative conductor (15'), a bottom electrode (5), a signal collection converter (7), a support post (17), an electrode holder (16), a graphite electrode (1), a raster (2), an arc camera (4), a leading screw supporting rod (18), a screw rod (9), a photoelectric encoder (10) and a computer (8), wherein the bottom electrode (5) is connected with the position conductor (15), the electrode holder (16) is movably arranged at the upper end of the support post (17) up and down, one end of the graphite electrode (1) is supported to one end (16a) of the electrode holder and is connected with the negative conductor (15'), the raster (2) and the arc camera (4) respectively face to an arc generating area (3), the leading screw supporting rod (18) is fixed on the lower end of the support post (17), one end (9a) of the screw rod (9) is supported to the leading screw supporting rod (18), the other end (9b) of the screw rod (9) is in screw joint with the other end of the electrode holder (16) and extends out, the photoelectric encoder (10) is arranged at the top end of the other end of the screw rod, and the computer (8) is connected with a signal collector, the raster, the camera and the photoelectric encoder through signal wires. The arc characteristic detecting device can be used for detecting arc appearance and carrying out an arc test.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pick-up unit, relate in particular to device and the detection method thereof that to carry out the electric arc experiment and in the actual production field, arc characteristic be detected.
Background technology
In metallurgical technology field, a lot of metallurgical furnaces all adopt high-temperature electric arc as material in thermal source fusing and the heating furnace.In conventional metallurgical furnace (electric arc furnaces, LF ladle refining furnace) smelting process, arc characteristic (arc power, the electric arc pattern that comprises length electric arc and thickness electric arc, arc temperature etc.), not only influence the metallurgical furnace electrical efficiency and the thermal efficiency, but also influence the submerged arc effect of metallurgical furnace, thereby influence steel quality and metallurgical furnace refractory life, in addition, arc characteristic is most important to the stable operation of metallurgical furnace.Because the effect of slag and adopt the foamed slag operation in the metallurgical furnace, so the electric arc behavior in the stove and characteristic can't directly be measured or obtain by observation, cause in the actual mechanical process random greatly, automatization level is low, influences production efficiency and production cost.
Patent CN1186640C provides a kind of electric arc monitoring systems, and alternating current first-harmonic and harmonic wave can be eliminated basically by this system from the electric wave characteristic ripple of being monitored.Publication number provides a kind of electric arc detecting device for the patent of CN1080057A, the output of its arc flow sensor is joined with arc stream, arc voltage curve simulator respectively through amplifier rectifier, the output of arc voltage signal generator and arc voltage curve simulator join, and the output of arc stream, arc voltage curve simulator is joined through differential operational amplifier and phase inverter.Be used to solve the inaccurate problem of arc-detection.Publication number provides a kind of method and apparatus that utilizes electric current change-detection electric arc for the patent of CN1129809A.This method provides arc-detection by the change that detects alternating current cycle to the cycle.
Above-mentioned each patent can detect some characteristic of electric arc, but can't realize to the electric arc pattern being the needs of length electric arc and thickness arc-detection.
Summary of the invention
Problem and requirement in view of above-mentioned existence, the invention provides a kind of arc characteristic pick-up unit and detection method thereof, not only can in the actual production of field of metallurgy, detect arc power, arc temperature, and can detect the electric arc pattern, can carry out the electric arc experiment in addition the metallurgical furnace smelting process.
For achieving the above object, the arc characteristic pick-up unit that carries out the electric arc experiment of the present invention, have power supply (14), the positive wire (15) that links to each other with negative pole with the positive pole of this power supply respectively of an end and cathode conductor (15 '), the hearth electrode (5) that is connected with the other end of described positive wire and the signals collecting converter (7) that is connected with voltage and current mutual inductor on being located at this hearth electrode end face separately, it is characterized in that also having: support post (17); Electrode holde (16), it is installed in described support post upper end and can moves up and down along this support post; The end (16a) that graphite electrode (1), one end are supported on described electrode holde is gone up and is connected with the described cathode conductor other end through the described electrode holde other end (16b); Grating (2) and electric arc video camera (4), they produce district (3) in the face of formed electric arc between the described graphite electrode other end and the described hearth electrode end face separately and are provided with; Be fixed on the leading screw support bar (18) on the described support post bottom; Screw mandrel (9), one end (9a) are supported on the described screw mandrel support bar, and the other end (9b) screws togather with the described electrode holde other end and stretches out; Be installed in the photoelectric encoder (10) on the described screw mandrel other end top; And computing machine (8), it links to each other with described signals collecting converter, links to each other with described grating, links to each other with described electric arc video camera, links to each other with described photoelectric encoder by arc length signal wire (10 ') by electric arc exterior appearance signal wire (6) by arc temperature signal wire (2 ') by voltage and current signal line (7 ') respectively.
In the said structure, described graphite electrode is solid graphite, and described video camera is a high-speed camera, and described support post bottom is provided with chassis (19).
In addition, be provided with supply air line (13), and on this supply air line, be provided with tensimeter (12), flowmeter (11) and valve (not shown) at described graphite electrode one end.Described graphite electrode is a hollow graphite.
The detection method of arc characteristic pick-up unit of the present invention has following steps:
1) rotates described screw mandrel, make described electrode holde lifting so that described graphite electrode lifting checks whether each parts action is normal;
2) open described computing machine, start the arc-detection master routine, determine whether each described signals collecting is normal;
3) capture program of the described computing machine of startup is set each sampling interval time etc.;
4) after to described voltage and current mutual inductor setting voltage and electric current, described graphite electrode is descended, make standoff distance between its bottom and the described hearth electrode end face and form described electric arc and produce and distinguish;
5) when described graphite electrode is solid graphite, close the valve on the described supply air line, utilize the starting the arc of switching on of described power supply;
6) begin behind arc stability from energising, utilize described signals collecting converter, described grating and described video camera to monitor and gather arc voltage, electric current, electric arc pattern information, described computing machine enters these information stores in the database;
7) stop the arc-detection master routine of described computing machine, finish energising, detect and finish;
8) the subsequent treatment program of the described computing machine of startup utilizes this program to read each electric arc pattern, arc length, drift angle and corresponding voltage, electric current constantly from database;
9) after related data reads and finishes, analyze.
If above-mentioned steps the 5th) graphite electrode described in the step is that hollow graphite is when carrying out the arc characteristic experiment, then open the valve on the described supply air line, be blown into gas to described hollow graphite, and determine to utilize described power supply to switch on the time of the starting the arc according to requirement of experiment, arrive the schedule time and enter the described the 7th) after the step, before disconnecting described power supply, the described hollow graphite of first lifting, outage then.
Above-mentioned gas is Ar gas, or Ar+H
2Mixed gas.
Above-mentioned arc characteristic pick-up unit of the present invention, easy and simple to handle, flexible, controllability is strong, not only can detect arc voltage, electric current, arc temperature but also can detect electric arc pattern (arc length, arc thickness) etc., very meaningful for the electric arc behavior in the metallurgical furnace of arc heated such as research electric arc furnaces, LF ladle refining furnace and plasma heating furnace, different measure be can take according to detected status, steel quality and metallurgical furnace refractory life helped improving.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of expression arc characteristic pick-up unit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is arc length L, electric arc root diameter (RD) R1 and the isoparametric synoptic diagram of electric arc end diameter R2 of the expression of the graphite electrode 1 of Fig. 1 left part and hearth electrode 5 parts electric arc pattern when detecting electric arc.
Fig. 3 is that hollow graphite (electrode) winding-up Ar+H is adopted in expression
2The experimental result of the voltage and current situation of continuous detecting in the mixed gas process.
Fig. 4 is the experimental result that the voltage and current situation of continuous detecting in solid graphite (electrode) experimentation is adopted in expression.
Fig. 5 is the experimental result that the voltage and current situation of continuous detecting in hollow graphite (electrode) the winding-up Ar gas process is adopted in expression.
Embodiment
Below, structure, advantage and the effect of arc characteristic pick-up unit of the present invention described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, arc characteristic pick-up unit of the present invention has power supply 14, the positive wire 15 that links to each other with negative pole (not shown) with the positive pole of this power supply 14 respectively of an end and cathode conductor 15 ', the hearth electrode 5 that is connected with the other end of positive wire and the signals collecting converter 7 that is connected with voltage and current mutual inductor (not shown) on being located at these hearth electrode 5 end faces (not shown) separately.
In said apparatus, also have: support post 17; Electrode holde 16, it is installed in support post 17 upper ends (not shown) and can moves up and down along this support post 17; The end 16a that graphite electrode 1, one end (not shown) are supported on electrode holde 16 goes up and is connected with the cathode conductor other end through electrode holde 16 other end 16b; Grating 2 and electric arc video camera 4, they produce district 3 in the face of formed electric arc between graphite electrode 1 other end (being the bottom, not shown) and hearth electrode 5 end faces separately and are provided with; Be fixed on the leading screw support bar 18 on support post 17 bottoms (not shown); Screw mandrel 9, one end 9a is supported on the screw mandrel support bar 18, and other end 9b and electrode holde 16 other end 16b screw togather and stretch out; Be installed in the photoelectric encoder 10 on screw mandrel 9 other end 9b tops; And computing machine 8, it links to each other with signals collecting converter 7, links to each other with grating 2, links to each other with electric arc video camera 4, links to each other with photoelectric encoder 10 by arc length signal wire 10 ' by electric arc exterior appearance signal wire 6 by arc temperature signal wire 2 ' by voltage and current signal line 7 ' respectively.
The detection of arc characteristic (in the metallurgical furnace to)
When in the metallurgical furnace of actual production arc characteristic being detected, graphite electrode 1 is solid graphite in the said structure, and video camera 4 is a kind of high-speed cameras, and support post 17 bottoms are provided with chassis 19, so that support post 17 is firm.
After the energising starting the arc, produce electric arc and produce district 3 between graphite electrode 1 (negative electrode) and the hearth electrode 5 (anode).Arc temperature is measured by being placed on CCD analyzer (not shown) behind the grating 2 and is measured and send into computing machine 8 and store.The voltage and current of electric arc is sent into signals collecting converter 7 through the voltage and current mutual inductor, through voltage and current signal line 7 ' signal that collects is sent into computing machine 8 again and stores.The exterior appearance of electric arc by high-speed camera 4 continuous acquisition after computing machine 8 is delivered in electric arc exterior appearance signal wire 6 transmission stores.Importing computing machine 8 into after arc length L (with reference to Fig. 2) can measure by the photoelectric encoder 10 that is installed in leading screw 9 tops (not shown) stores.
The method that adopts photoelectric encoder 10 to measure arc length L is, the forearc of switch on, and graphite electrode 1 (solid graphite) descended makes it contact with hearth electrode 5, writes down the position of leading screws 9 at this moment by photoelectric encoder 10, and being designated as arc length L is zero position.Promote the graphite electrode 1 and the starting the arc of switching on then, produce electric arc and produce district 3, lifting along with graphite electrode 1, leading screw 9 rotations, photoelectric encoder 10 and the leading screw 9 coaxial connections of rotation and rotation synchronously, photoelectric encoder 10 is connected with computing machine 8, geometry of machinery displacement by photoelectric encoder 10 record leading screws 9 rotary courses, and this geometry of machinery displacement converted to digital quantity, export this digital quantity to computing machine 8 by arc length signal wire 10 ', thereby measure the arc length L that electric arc produces district 3.
In simple terms, with the arc characteristic pick-up unit detection method that arc characteristic detects is roughly had following steps:
1) rotary screw rod 9, make electrode holde 16 liftings so that graphite electrode 1 lifting checks whether each parts action is normal;
2) open computing machine 8, start arc-detection master routine (specific program), determine whether above-mentioned each signals collecting is normal;
3) capture program of startup computing machine 8 is set each sampling interval time etc.;
4) after to described voltage and current mutual inductor setting voltage and electric current, graphite electrode 1 is descended, make standoff distance between its bottom (not shown) and hearth electrode 5 end faces (not shown) and form electric arc and produce and distinguish 3;
5) when graphite electrode 1 is solid graphite, close the valve on the supply air line 13, utilize power supply 14 starting the arc of switching on;
6) begin behind arc stability from energising, utilize signals collecting converter 7, grating 2 and video camera 4 to monitor and gather arc voltage, electric current, electric arc pattern information, computing machine 8 enters these information stores in the database;
7) stop the arc-detection master routine of computing machine 8, finish energising, detect and finish;
8) the subsequent treatment program (specific program) of startup computing machine 8 utilizes this program to read each electric arc pattern, arc length, drift angle (the inclined to one side arc angle of electric arc) and corresponding voltage, electric current constantly from database;
9) after related data reads and finishes, analyze.
(experiment of arc characteristic)
In said structure, can be provided with supply air line 13 at graphite electrode 1 one ends, and on this supply air line 13, be provided with tensimeter 12, flowmeter 11 and valve (not shown), graphite electrode 1 changed makes hollow graphite, this structure can be carried out the experiment of arc characteristic.The also available high-speed camera of video camera 4, support post 17 bottoms are provided with chassis 19, so that support post 17 is firm.
In the time will carrying out the arc characteristic experiment, then the 5th of the detection method of said apparatus the) in the step graphite electrode 1 is replaced by hollow graphite, valve on the supply air line 13 of device for opening, be blown into gas to hollow graphite, and determine to utilize 14 power supplys to switch on the time of the starting the arc according to requirement of experiment, arrive the schedule time and enter the described the 7th) after the step, before disconnecting 14 power supplys, elder generation's lifting hollow graphite, outage then.
That is, when electric arc produces district's 3 starting the arc, to graphite electrode 1 (hollow graphite), be blown into gas (Ar gas or Ar+H from supply air line 13 utilizing power supply 14 to switch on
2Mixed gas), gas enters electric arc through graphite electrode 1 and produces district 3, thereby arc characteristic is exerted an influence.In the air blowing experimentation, other parameters are by above-mentioned classic method collection.Other flow is sent into computing machine 8 with pressure and other parameters in real time by relevant collector and is stored.
The arc parameters that can directly measure by said apparatus is arc voltage U, electric current I, arc length L.
Arc power P can calculate by the following formula process:
P＝UI
Arc resistance R can calculate by the following formula process:
R＝U/I
The electric arc shape characteristic is arc length L, electric arc root diameter (RD) R1 and electric arc end diameter R2 shown in Figure 2.Obtain arc length L, electric arc root diameter (RD) R1 and electric arc end diameter R2 and other as electric arc thickness, image such as arc whether partially by taking, and from picture, image to be carried out analysis to measure and obtains these parameters.
Experimental example 1
This experiment 1 is for adopting hollow electrode winding-up Ar+H
2The experimental result of mixed gas process.The arc length L that can draw this moment by the every DATA REASONING to electric arc is 52.3mm, electric arc root diameter (RD) R1 is 17.9mm, and electric arc end diameter R2 is 36.7mm, and this moment, arc temperature was 5840K, electric arc is arcuation attitude slightly partially substantially, and the inclined to one side arc angle of electric arc is 12 ° (not shown).Fig. 3 is the voltage and current situation of continuous detecting in the experimentation for this reason, and corresponding arc voltage constantly is 57.7V, and electric current is 1389.5A.Arc power is 80.174kW.Arc resistance is 0.0415 Ω.
Experimental example 2
This experiment 2 is for adopting the experimental result of solid electrode experimentation.Can drawing at this moment by the every DATA REASONING to electric arc, arc length L is 38.9mm, electric arc root diameter (RD) R1 is 13.6mm, and electric arc end diameter R2 is 30.6mm, and this moment, arc temperature was 6241K, electric arc is serious arcuation attitude partially substantially, and the inclined to one side arc angle of electric arc is 45 °.Fig. 4 is the voltage and current situation of continuous detecting in the experimentation for this reason, and corresponding arc voltage constantly is 68.2V, and electric current is 1413A.Arc power is 96.37kW.Arc resistance is 0.0483 Ω.
Experimental example 3
This experiment 3 is for adopting the experimental result of hollow electrode winding-up Ar gas process.Can drawing at this moment by the every DATA REASONING to electric arc, arc length L is 28.2mm, electric arc root diameter (RD) R1 is 15.6mm, and electric arc end diameter R2 is 24.7mm, and this moment, arc temperature was 4932K, electric arc is arcuation attitude slightly partially substantially, and the inclined to one side arc angle of electric arc is 4 °.Fig. 5 is the voltage and current situation of continuous detecting in the experimentation for this reason, and corresponding arc voltage constantly is 50.2V, and electric current is 1457.7A.Arc power is 73.176kW.Arc resistance is 0.0344 Ω.
Adopt above-mentioned detection device, can between negative electrode and anode, produce electric arc, and can detect arc characteristic parameters such as arc voltage, electric current, arc looks (arc length, arc thickness), arc temperature;
Can and deposit in the computing machine collections such as arc voltage and electric currents;
Take the electric arc pattern that results between negative electrode and anode owing to adopt video camera to gather in real time, and its transmission sent in the computing machine, by image processing software the image of continuous acquisition or the electric arc pattern picture of taking pictures are evaluated and tested analysis then, thus draw different constantly or electric arc pattern parameters such as the electric arc arc length under the different power supply parameter, electric arc thickness;
When adopting hollow graphite electrode to blow, can study electrode blows to the influence of electric arc behavior, very meaningful for the electric arc behavior in the metallurgical furnace of arc heated such as research electric arc furnaces, LF ladle refining furnace and plasma heating furnace, help improving steel quality and metallurgical furnace refractory life.
This arc characteristic pick-up unit can be promoted the use of in the iron and steel enterprise that electric arc furnaces, LF ladle refining furnace are arranged.
Claims (10)
1. arc characteristic pick-up unit, have power supply (14), the positive wire (15) that links to each other with negative pole with the positive pole of this power supply respectively of an end and cathode conductor (15 '), the hearth electrode (5) that is connected with the other end of described positive wire and the signals collecting converter (7) that is connected with voltage and current mutual inductor on being located at this hearth electrode end face separately, it is characterized in that also having: support post (17); Electrode holde (16), it is installed in described support post upper end and can moves up and down along this support post; The end (16a) that graphite electrode (1), one end are supported on described electrode holde is gone up and is connected with the described cathode conductor other end through the described electrode holde other end (16b); Grating (2) and electric arc video camera (4), they produce district (3) in the face of formed electric arc between the described graphite electrode other end and the described hearth electrode end face separately and are provided with; Be fixed on the leading screw support bar (18) on the described support post bottom; Screw mandrel (9), one end (9a) are supported on the described screw mandrel support bar, and the other end (9b) screws togather with the described electrode holde other end and stretches out; Be installed in the photoelectric encoder (10) on the described screw mandrel other end top; And computing machine (8), it links to each other with described signal picker, links to each other with described grating, links to each other with described electric arc video camera, links to each other with described photoelectric encoder by arc length signal wire (10 ') by electric arc exterior appearance signal wire (6) by arc temperature signal wire (2 ') by voltage and current signal line (7 ') respectively.
2. arc characteristic pick-up unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described graphite electrode is solid graphite.
3. arc characteristic pick-up unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with supply air line (13) at described graphite electrode one end, and is provided with tensimeter (12), flowmeter (11) and valve on this supply air line.
4. arc characteristic pick-up unit as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described graphite electrode is a hollow graphite.
5. arc characteristic pick-up unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described video camera is a high-speed camera.
6. as each described arc characteristic pick-up unit in the claim 1～5, it is characterized in that described support post bottom is provided with chassis (19).
7. the detection method of an arc characteristic pick-up unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, has following steps:
1) rotates described screw mandrel, make described electrode holde lifting so that described graphite electrode lifting checks whether each parts action is normal;
2) open described computing machine, start the arc-detection master routine, determine whether each described signals collecting is normal;
3) capture program of the described computing machine of startup is set each sampling interval time etc.;
4) after to described voltage and current mutual inductor setting voltage and electric current, described graphite electrode is descended, make standoff distance between its bottom and the described hearth electrode end face and form described electric arc and produce and distinguish;
5) when described graphite electrode is solid graphite, close the valve on the described supply air line, utilize the starting the arc of switching on of described power supply;
6) begin behind arc stability from energising, utilize described signals collecting converter, described grating and described video camera to monitor and gather arc voltage, electric current, electric arc pattern information, described computing machine enters these information stores in the database;
7) stop the arc-detection master routine of described computing machine, finish energising, detect and finish;
8) the subsequent treatment program of the described computing machine of startup utilizes this program to read each electric arc pattern, arc length, drift angle and corresponding voltage, electric current constantly from database;
9) after related data reads and finishes, analyze.
8. the detection method of arc characteristic pick-up unit as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, when the 5th) graphite electrode described in the step is that hollow graphite is when carrying out the arc characteristic experiment, open the valve on the described supply air line, be blown into gas, and determine to utilize described power supply to switch on the time of the starting the arc according to requirement of experiment to described hollow graphite, arrive the schedule time and enter the described the 7th) after the step, before disconnecting described power supply, the described hollow graphite of first lifting, outage then.
9. the detection method of arc characteristic pick-up unit as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described gas is Ar gas.
10. the detection method of arc characteristic pick-up unit as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described gas is Ar+H
2Mixed gas.
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| CN2009101973873A CN102043079B (en) | 2009-10-20 | 2009-10-20 | Arc characteristic detecting device and method |
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| US5452223A (en) * | 1993-08-20 | 1995-09-19 | Eaton Corporation | Arc detection using current variation |
| US6400258B1 (en) * | 2000-01-19 | 2002-06-04 | Hendry Mechanical Works | Electric arc monitoring systems |
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| CN107643477A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-30 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Open arc electric furnace arc length detection means |
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