CN102042808B - Device, system and method for simultaneously measuring longitudinal displacement and lateral displacement of seamless rails - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device, system and method for simultaneously measuring longitudinal and lateral displacements of rails, and belongs to the technical field of optical and geometric position measurement. The device includes a mark, a rail displacement measuring unit, a fixed pile on the rail side and a central processing unit. By measuring the change of the position of the light spot formed by the mark and the semiconductor laser emitted on the rail at different times on the rail, the rail at the point to be measured can be measured respectively. The longitudinal and lateral displacement data, and the measured value is transmitted to the central processing unit through the wireless communication network, so as to realize the remote monitoring of the displacement of the observation point. Two or more seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement devices, the same number of rail temperature automatic measurement units and a shared central processing unit are used to form a seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement system. At the same time, it can automatically find the maximum temperature stress section of the rail to avoid accidents.

Description

Device, system and method for simultaneous measurement of longitudinal and lateral displacement of seamless steel rail

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of optical and geometric position measurement, and relates to a device and method for simultaneously measuring longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless steel rails.

Background technique

Seamless track is a major trend in the development of railway technology. Due to temperature changes, corresponding longitudinal temperature stresses are stored in the rail. The runway may expand in hot weather, and the steel rail may be broken in cold weather, which may cause the passing train to derail or overturn, resulting in a major train accident. Therefore, the measurement of rail displacement and temperature stress plays an important role in the safety detection and monitoring of seamless lines, and it is necessary to monitor the displacement and temperature stress of seamless lines for 24-hour uninterrupted remote monitoring.

At present, the most commonly used temperature stress measurement method for seamless rails at home and abroad is the displacement observation pile method. This method has the disadvantages of low detection efficiency, large detection error, and difficulty in finding problems in time. In the Chinese utility model patent "Rail Displacement Observer" whose patent number is ZL 99214444.2, the measurement accuracy of the measuring device can only reach ±1mm. In addition, in the Chinese utility model patent "rail displacement observation device" with the patent number ZL 02262271.3, a technical solution for measuring by means of laser is provided, which can make the measurement limit error less than 1mm, but manual operation is still required, and the measurement accuracy is limited. And can not realize automatic measurement.

For this reason, we have invented a "device, system and method for automatically monitoring rail parameters using laser" (patent number: ZL 200610113287.4). The invention uses a laser to automatically measure the displacement of the rail, and transmits the measured value to the central processing unit through a wireless communication network, thereby realizing remote monitoring of the displacement and temperature stress of the observation point, but due to the need to install a rail displacement measurement unit on the rail, these The measuring unit has a certain weight and size, and it is easy to be separated by the vibration of the steel rail, resulting in measurement failure.

For this reason, we have invented a kind of " rail parameter automatic measuring device, system and method thereof " (application number: 200910087168.X). The invention does not need to install a rail displacement measuring unit on the rail, but it can only measure the longitudinal displacement of the rail, and the measurement parameters are not comprehensive enough.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to propose a simultaneous measurement device, system and method for the longitudinal and lateral displacement of seamless steel rails, aiming at the defects existing in the automatic measurement device, system and method for rail parameters that have been invented so far.

For realizing above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A device for simultaneously measuring longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails, comprising: markers, rail displacement measurement units, rail edge fixing piles and a central processing unit, the rail displacement measurement unit and the central processing unit are connected in a wired or wireless manner; The displacement measurement unit includes an imaging lens, a photoelectric position detector, a signal processing circuit, a power supply module, a communication module, an installation box, a light source compensator, a bracket, a second window glass, and a third window glass;

It is characterized in that: the rail displacement measurement unit also includes a semiconductor laser and a first window glass; the semiconductor laser is fixed on the right end inside the installation box by a bracket, and the laser emitting end is close to the first window glass embedded in the right side of the front wall of the installation box and connected with it coaxial, and the other end is connected to the signal processing circuit;

The rail displacement measurement unit is installed on the rail edge fixed pile, and the rail displacement measurement unit is adjusted to the best position;

The optimal position of the rail displacement measurement unit satisfies three conditions: (1) after the mark passes through the second transparent window of the installation box, it satisfies the paraxial condition when it is imaged on the photoelectric position detector through the imaging lens; (2) Make the light emitted by the light source compensator irradiate the mark; (3) make the light spot on the steel rail emitted by the semiconductor laser meet the paraxial condition when passing through the second transparent window of the installation box and imaging the photoelectric position detector through the imaging lens .

A method for simultaneously measuring longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless steel rails, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Install the simultaneous measurement device for the longitudinal and lateral displacement of the seamless rail;

Step 2: The light source compensator adjusts the luminous intensity according to the external light intensity, and supplements the light on the mark;

Step 3: initial measurement, the initial positions of the mark and the light spot formed by the semiconductor laser on the rail are A ₁ and B ₁ respectively, and the mark and the light spot are sequentially placed on the photoelectric position detector On imaging, the signal processor sequentially processes the output signal of the photoelectric position detector to obtain the initial positions A ₁ ′ and B ₁ ′ of the image of the mark and the light spot on the photoelectric position detector respectively, and The obtained data is sent to the central processing unit through the communication module;

Step 4: real-time measurement of the longitudinal displacement, when the rail has a longitudinal displacement _H1 , the position of the mark on the rail changes from _A1 to _A2 , and the position of the image of the mark on the photoelectric position detector changes from A ₁ ′ becomes A ₂ ′, the real-time position A ₂ ′ of the marked image on the photoelectric position detector is obtained by the signal processor, and the obtained data is sent to the central processing unit through the communication module;

Step 5: Real-time measurement of lateral displacement. When the rail has a lateral displacement H ₂ , the position of the light spot formed by the semiconductor laser on the rail changes from B ₁ to B ₂ , and the image of the light spot is The position on the photoelectric position detector is changed from B ₁ ′ to B ₂ ′, and the real-time position B ₂ ′ of the image of the light spot on the photoelectric position detector is obtained by the signal processor, and the obtained data is sent to the central processing unit;

以及所述半导体激光器出射到钢轨上形成的光点与钢轨位移测量单元沿钢轨横向方向相对位置的变化量

从而得到钢轨的纵向与横向位移数据。Step 6: Initial position A ₁ ′, B ₁ ′ and real-time position A ₂ ′, B of the image on the detector of the mark obtained from step 3 to step 5 and the light spot formed by the semiconductor laser emitting on the rail ₂ ′, in the central processing unit, according to the lens imaging formula Trigonometric formula, the relationship between the sides of the triangle and H ₁ ′=A ₁ ′-A ₂ ′, H ₂ ′=B ₁ ′-B ₂ ′, calculate the relative position of the mark and the rail displacement measurement unit along the longitudinal direction of the rail Variation

And the amount of change in the relative position of the light spot formed by the semiconductor laser emitting on the rail and the rail displacement measuring unit along the lateral direction of the rail

Thus, the longitudinal and lateral displacement data of the rail are obtained.

In the above method, the positions of A ₁ and B ₁ may overlap.

A simultaneous measurement system for longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails with temperature measurement, including two or more simultaneous measurement devices for longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails, the same number of rail temperature automatic measurement units and a shared central processing unit Unit VI is characterized in that: every two seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement devices form a seamless steel rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device group, and each group of seamless steel rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device groups includes two The rail temperature automatic measurement unit, and the rail temperature automatic measurement unit is connected with the communication module and the power module of the corresponding seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device, and the communication modules of all the seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement devices share the same A central processing unit, and all communication modules are connected to the central processing unit by wire or wireless; the rail temperature automatic measurement unit is fixed on the rail by bonding or mechanical connection; while the system measures the longitudinal and lateral displacement of the rail, It can also automatically find the maximum temperature stress section of the rail to avoid accidents.

A method for measuring the longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails as described above, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Select a group of simultaneous measurement devices for longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails in the simultaneous measurement system for longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails, and record the two simultaneous measurement devices for longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails as the first Simultaneous measurement device for longitudinal and lateral displacement of seamless steel rail and a second simultaneous measurement device for longitudinal and lateral displacement of seamless steel rail;

Step 2: at any time, use the rail displacement measurement unit III of the first seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device to obtain the relative position between the rail edge fixed pile and the rail at the installation site along the longitudinal direction and lateral direction of the rail;

Step 3: At the same time as step 2, use the rail displacement measurement unit of the second seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device to obtain the relative position between the rail edge fixed pile at the installation place and the rail along the longitudinal direction and lateral direction of the rail ;

Step 4: At the same time as step 2, the rail temperature automatic measurement unit measures the temperature value of the rail where it is installed;

Step 5: Through the communication module 6 of the first seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device and the second seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device 6, the data measured in step 2, step 3 and step 4 are respectively transmitted to central processing unit;

Step 6: At any time after the time selected in step 2, use the rail displacement measurement unit of the first seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device to measure the longitudinal direction, The relative position in the lateral direction;

Step 7: At the same time as Step 6, use the rail displacement measurement unit of the second seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device to obtain the relative position between the rail edge fixed pile and the rail at the installation place along the longitudinal direction and lateral direction of the rail ;

Step 8: At the same time as step 6, the rail temperature automatic measurement unit measures the temperature value of the rail where it is located;

Step 9: Transmit the data measured in step 6, step 7 and step 8 to the central processing through the first seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device and the second seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device communication module 6 unit;

Step 10: The central processing unit processes the data transmitted by two sets of simultaneous longitudinal and lateral displacement measuring devices of seamless rails at two different times, and obtains the length change ΔL corresponding to the length of the two simultaneous longitudinal and lateral displacement measuring devices of seamless rails, As well as the change value ΔT of the rail temperature at two different times, according to the formula σt=(α×ΔT-ΔL/L)×E, the temperature stress of the rail between the longitudinal and lateral displacements of the two sets of seamless rails can be obtained. Among them: α is the linear expansion coefficient of the rail, about 11.8×10 ^-6 /℃; E is the elastic modulus of the rail, about 2.1×10 ⁵ MPa; L is the simultaneous measurement device for longitudinal and lateral displacement of two seamless rails The initial length of the difference between the positions.

This method can automatically find the maximum temperature stress section of the rail while measuring the longitudinal and lateral displacement of the rail.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a measurement schematic diagram of a device for simultaneously measuring longitudinal and lateral displacements of a seamless rail according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the device for simultaneously measuring the longitudinal and lateral displacements of the seamless rail of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic left view of the device for simultaneously measuring the longitudinal and lateral displacements of the seamless rail of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the right side view of the device for simultaneously measuring the longitudinal and lateral displacements of the seamless rail of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a simultaneous measurement system for longitudinal and lateral displacements of a seamless steel rail with temperature measurement according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

In the picture:

Mark I, I', rail II, rail displacement measurement unit III, III', rail edge fixed pile IV, IV', rail temperature automatic measurement unit V, V', central processing unit VI;

Description of main components: imaging lens 1, semiconductor laser 2, photoelectric position detector 3, signal processing circuit 4, power supply module 5, communication module 6, installation box 7, light source compensator 8, first window glass 9, second window glass 10. The third window glass 11 and the bracket 12.

Smooth curves are electrical connections.

Explanation of the main physical quantities: S1 is the vertical distance between the imaging lens 1 and the rail II, S2 is the vertical distance between the imaging lens 1 and the photoelectric position detector 3, a is the light spot formed by the semiconductor laser 2 on the rail II and The distance between the centers of the imaging lens 1, b is the distance between the image formed by the photoelectric position detector 3 and the center of the imaging lens 1 of the light spot formed on the rail II by the semiconductor laser 2, and θ ₁ is the distance between the semiconductor laser 2 and the center of the imaging lens 1. The angle between the laser light on the rail II and the reflected laser light on the rail II, _θ2 is the angle between the laser light incident on the photoelectric position detector 3 and the photoelectric position detector 3.

Detailed ways

Embodiment one:

As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, a device for simultaneously measuring the longitudinal and lateral displacements of a seamless rail includes a marker I, a rail displacement measurement unit III, and rail edge fixing piles IV.

Mark I is fixed on the surface of rail IV rail head or rail waist at any position, and the direction of mark I is perpendicular to the horizontal direction.

The rail displacement measurement unit III includes an imaging lens 1, a semiconductor laser 2, a photoelectric position detector 3, a signal processing circuit 4, a power supply module 5, a communication module 6, an installation box 7, a light source compensator 8, a bracket 12, and a first window glass 9 , the second window glass 10 and the third window glass 11;

The imaging lens 1 is closely attached to the second window glass 10 and is coaxial with it, and is embedded in the middle of the front wall of the installation box 7 together;

The semiconductor laser 2 is fixed on the right end inside the installation box 7 by the bracket 12, the laser emitting end is close to the first window glass 9 embedded in the right side of the front wall of the installation box 7 and is coaxial with it, and the other end is connected to the signal processing circuit 4;

The photoelectric position detector 3 is fixed on the signal processing circuit 4, and its photosensitive surface is located on the optical axis of the imaging lens 1. It can be a linear array charge-coupled device, a four-quadrant photodetector, a position-sensitive detector or an area array electric coupling device. any of

The signal processing circuit 4 is respectively connected with the communication module 6 and the power module 5, and is fixed in the installation box 7;

The light source compensator 8 is close to the third window glass 11 and coaxial with it, and is embedded in the left end of the front wall of the installation box 7 together;

The rail displacement measurement unit III is installed on the rail edge fixed pile IV, and the rail displacement measurement unit III is adjusted to the optimum position, and the optimum position satisfies three conditions: (1) Make the mark I pass through the second transparent window 10 of the installation box 7 Finally, the paraxial condition is satisfied when the imaging lens 1 is imaged on the photoelectric position detector 3; (2) the light emitted by the light source compensator 8 is irradiated to the mark I; (3) the semiconductor laser 2 is emitted to the light spot on the rail II, After passing through the second transparent window 10 of the installation box 7 , the paraxial condition is satisfied when passing through the imaging lens 1 and forming an image on the photoelectric position detector 3 .

Rail side fixed pile IV is installed on the outside of rail II, and the distance from rail II is determined according to the construction situation on site.

The simultaneous measurement device for the longitudinal and lateral displacement of the seamless rail also includes a central processing unit VI, and the communication module 6 is connected to the central processing unit VI in a wired or wireless manner.

The method for simultaneously measuring the longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless steel rails based on the above-mentioned simultaneous measurement device for longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless steel rails comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Install the simultaneous measurement device for the longitudinal and lateral displacement of the seamless rail;

Step 2: The light source compensator 8 adjusts the luminous intensity according to the external light intensity, and supplements the light on the mark I. This step does not need to be measured in cloudy days, at night or in special environments (such as solar eclipse, rain, fog, sand and dust, etc.) can be omitted.

Step 3: Carry out the initial measurement, the initial positions of the light spot formed by the mark I and the semiconductor laser 2 on the rail II are A ₁ and B ₁ respectively, and the mark I and the light spot are imaged on the photoelectric position detector 3 in sequence , the signal processor 4 sequentially processes the output signal of the photoelectric position detector 3 to obtain the initial position A on the photoelectric position detector 3 of the image of the light spot formed by the mark I and the semiconductor laser 2 emitting on the rail II respectively ₁ ', B ₁ ', the gained data is sent into central processing unit VI by communication module 6;

Step 4: Real-time measurement of longitudinal displacement. When rail IV has longitudinal displacement H ₁ , the position of marker I on rail II changes from A ₁ to A ₂ , and the position of marker I on photoelectric position detector 3 changes from A ₂ Become A ₂ ′, obtain the real-time position A ₂ ′ of the image of the mark I on the photoelectric position detector 3 by the signal processor 4, and send the gained data into the central processing unit VI through the communication module 6;

Step 5: Real-time measurement of lateral displacement. When rail II has a lateral displacement H ₂ , the position of the light spot formed on the rail II by the semiconductor laser 2 is emitted from B ₁ to B ₂ , and the image of the light spot is at the photoelectric position The position on the detector 3 is changed from B ₁ ′ to B ₂ ′, and the real-time position B ₂ ′ of the image of the mark I on the photoelectric position detector 3 is obtained by the signal processor 4, and the obtained data is sent through the communication module 6 into the central processing unit VI;

以及半导体激光器2出射到钢轨II上形成的光点与钢轨位移测量单元III沿钢轨II横向方向相对位置的变化量从而得到钢轨II的纵向与横向位移数据。Step 6: Initial positions A ₁ ′, B ₁ ′ and real-time positions A ₂ ′, B ₂ ′, in the central processing unit VI, according to the principle of lens imaging formula Trigonometric formulas, the relationship between the sides of the triangle, and H ₁ ′=A ₁ ′-A ₂ ′, H ₂ ′=B ₁ ′-B ₂ ′, calculate the relationship between mark I and rail displacement measurement unit III along the longitudinal direction of rail II change in relative position

And the amount of change in the relative position of the light spot formed on the rail II by the semiconductor laser 2 and the rail displacement measurement unit III along the lateral direction of the rail II Thus the longitudinal and lateral displacement data of rail II are obtained.

During the measurement, the positions of A ₁ and B ₁ can be coincident.

The effect of this embodiment is that the rail displacement is automatically measured by using marks and laser spots as the measured targets, avoiding manual errors, greatly improving measurement accuracy and measurement efficiency; measuring the longitudinal and lateral displacements of the rails at the same time, avoiding manual errors , The measurement accuracy and measurement efficiency are greatly improved; there is no need to install any measurement unit or device on the rail to avoid measurement failure caused by rail vibration and detachment; the light source compensator can realize all-weather measurement.

Embodiment two:

As shown in Figure 5, the seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement system with temperature measurement includes two or more seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement devices, the same number of rail temperature automatic measurement units and a common The central processing unit VI, each two seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement devices form a seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device group, and each group of seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement devices includes at least two The rail temperature automatic measurement units V, V', and the rail temperature automatic measurement units V, V' are connected to the communication module 6 and the power module 5 of the corresponding seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device, and all the seamless rails are vertically and laterally The communication modules 6 of the simultaneous displacement measurement device share the same central processing unit VI, and all the communication modules 6 are connected to the central processing unit VI by wired or wireless means.

In this embodiment, the rail temperature automatic measurement units V and V' of the simultaneous measurement system for the longitudinal and lateral displacement of the seamless rail are fixed on the rail II by bonding or mechanical connection, and are connected with the communication module 6 and the power module 5. The connection relationship of other parts is the same as that of the first embodiment.

A method for simultaneously measuring longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless steel rails based on the above-mentioned simultaneous measurement system for longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless steel rails, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Select a group of simultaneous measurement devices for longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails in the simultaneous measurement system for longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails, and record the two simultaneous measurement devices for longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails as the first Simultaneous measurement device for longitudinal and lateral displacement of seamless steel rail and a second simultaneous measurement device for longitudinal and lateral displacement of seamless steel rail;

Step 2: At any time, use the rail displacement measurement unit III of the first seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device to obtain the relative distance between the rail edge fixed pile IV and the rail II along the longitudinal direction and lateral direction of the rail. Location;

Step 3: At the same time as step 2, use the rail displacement measurement unit of the second seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device to obtain the distance between the rail edge fixed pile IV and the rail II at the installation place along the longitudinal direction and lateral direction of the rail. relative position;

Step 4: At the same time as step 2, the rail temperature automatic measurement unit V measures the temperature value of the rail II where it is installed;

Step 5: Through the communication module 6 of the first seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device and the second seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device 6, the data measured in step 2, step 3 and step 4 are respectively transmitted to Central processing unit VI;

Step 6: At any time after the time selected in step 2, use the rail displacement measurement unit III of the first seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device to measure the distance along the rail between the rail edge fixed pile IV and the rail II where it is installed. The relative position of the vertical direction and the horizontal direction;

Step 7: At the same time as step 6, use the rail displacement measurement unit III of the second seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device to obtain the distance between the rail edge fixed pile IV and the rail II at the installation site along the longitudinal direction and lateral direction of the rail. relative position of

Step 8: At the same moment as step 6, the rail temperature automatic measurement units V and V' measure the temperature value of the rail II where it is located;

Step 9: Transmit the data measured in step 6, step 7 and step 8 to the central processing through the first seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device and the second seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device communication module 6 Unit VI;

Step 10: The central processing unit VI processes the data transmitted by two sets of simultaneous longitudinal and lateral displacement measuring devices of seamless rails at two different times, and obtains the initial position difference between the simultaneous longitudinal and lateral displacement measuring devices of the two seamless rails The length change ΔL of the length L, and the change value ΔT of the rail temperature at two different times are calculated according to the formula σt=(α×ΔT-ΔL/L)×E to obtain the two sets of seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement devices Rail temperature stress. Among them: α is the linear expansion coefficient of the rail, about 11.8×10 ^-6 /℃; E is the elastic modulus of the rail, about 2.1×10 ⁵ MPa; L is the simultaneous measurement device for longitudinal and lateral displacement of two seamless rails The initial length of the difference between the positions. The effect of this embodiment is that the rail parameter automatic measurement system consisting of two or more seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement devices, the same number of rail temperature automatic measurement units and a central processing unit can measure the At the same time of longitudinal and lateral displacement, it can also automatically find the maximum temperature stress section of the rail to avoid accidents.

Claims (5)

1. A device for simultaneously measuring longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails, including: markers (I), rail displacement measurement units (Ⅲ), rail edge fixing piles (Ⅳ), central processing units (Ⅵ), rail displacement measurement units ( Ⅲ) and the central processing unit (Ⅵ) are connected in a wired or wireless manner; the rail displacement measurement unit (Ⅲ) includes an imaging lens (1), a photoelectric position detector (3), a signal processing circuit (4), and a power supply module (5), communication module (6), installation box (7), light source compensator (8), bracket (12), second window glass (10), third window glass (11); It is characterized in that: the rail displacement measurement unit (Ⅲ) also includes a semiconductor laser (2) and a first window glass (9); the semiconductor laser (2) is fixed on the right end inside the installation box (7) by a bracket (12), and the laser output end Close to the first window glass (9) embedded in the right side of the front wall of the installation box (7) and coaxial with it, and the other end is connected to the signal processing circuit (4); The imaging lens (1) is close to the second window glass (10) and is coaxial with it, and is embedded in the middle of the front wall of the installation box (7); the photoelectric position detector (3) is fixed on the signal processing circuit (4), and its photosensitive The surface is located on the optical axis of the imaging lens (1); the light source compensator (8) is close to the third window glass (11) and coaxial with it, and is embedded in the left end of the front wall of the installation box (7); The rail displacement measurement unit (Ⅲ) is installed on the rail edge fixed pile (Ⅳ), and the rail displacement measurement unit (Ⅲ) is adjusted to the optimal position; the optimal position of the rail displacement measurement unit (Ⅲ) satisfies the following three conditions: After passing through the second transparent window (10) of the installation box (7), the mark (I) satisfies the paraxial condition when it passes through the imaging lens (1) and forms an image on the photoelectric position detector (3); so that the light source compensator (8) emits light Irradiate the mark (I); make the light spot on the rail (II) emitted by the semiconductor laser (2), pass through the second transparent window (10) of the installation box (7), and then pass through the imaging lens (1) to be imaged at the photoelectric position The detector (3) satisfies the paraxial condition. 2. A method for simultaneously measuring longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails utilizing the simultaneous measurement device for longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails as claimed in claim 1, wherein said method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Install the simultaneous measurement device for the longitudinal and lateral displacement of the seamless rail; Step 2: The light source compensator (8) adjusts the luminous intensity according to the external light intensity, and supplements the light on the mark (I). This step can be omitted when it is not necessary to measure in cloudy, nighttime, solar eclipse, rain, fog, and sandy weather ; Step 3: Carry out the initial measurement. The initial positions of the light spots formed by the marker (I) and the semiconductor laser (2) on the rail (II) are A ₁ and B ₁ respectively on the rail, and the marker (I) and the light spot are in turn The image is formed on the photoelectric position detector (3), and the output signal of the photoelectric position detector (3) is processed by the signal processing circuit (4) in turn, and the mark (I) and the semiconductor laser (2) are output to the rail ( Ⅱ) The initial positions A ₁ ′ and B ₁ ′ of the image of the light spot formed on the photoelectric position detector (3), and the obtained data are sent to the central processing unit (VI) through the communication module (6); Step 4: Real-time measurement of longitudinal displacement. When there is a longitudinal displacement H ₁ of the rail (II), the position of the marker (I) on the rail (II) changes from A ₁ to A ₂ , and the image of the marker (I) is detected at the photoelectric position The position on the detector (3) changes from A ₁ ′ to A ₂ ′, and the real-time position A ₂ ′ of the image of the mark (I) on the photoelectric position detector (3) is obtained by the signal processing circuit (4), and the The obtained data is sent to the central processing unit (Ⅵ) through the communication module (6); Step 5: Real-time measurement of the lateral displacement. When the rail (II) has a lateral displacement H ₂ , the position of the light spot on the rail (II) emitted by the semiconductor laser (2) changes from B ₁ to B ₂ , and the light The position of the point image on the photoelectric position detector (3) changes from B ₁ ′ to B ₂ ′, and the real-time position B ₂ of the light point image on the photoelectric position detector (3) is obtained by the signal processing circuit (4) ’, and the obtained data is sent to the central processing unit (Ⅵ) through the communication module (6); Step 6: The initial positions A ₁ ′, B ₁ ′ and Real-time position A ₂ ′, B ₂ ′, in the central processing unit (Ⅵ), according to the principle of lens imaging formula

, trigonometric formula, the relationship between the sides of the triangle and H ₁ ′=A ₁ ′-A ₂ ′, H ₂ ′=B ₁ ′-B ₂ ′, calculate the mark (Ⅰ) and the rail displacement measurement unit (Ⅲ) Relative position change along the longitudinal direction of the rail (Ⅱ)

And the amount of change in the relative position of the light spot formed by the semiconductor laser (2) on the rail (II) and the rail displacement measurement unit (III) along the lateral direction of the rail (II) , so as to obtain the longitudinal and lateral displacement data of the rail (Ⅱ); Among them, S1 is the vertical distance between the imaging lens (1) and the rail (II), S2 is the vertical distance between the imaging lens (1) and the photoelectric position detector (3), a is the semiconductor laser (2) emitted to The distance between the light spot formed on the rail (II) and the center of the imaging lens (1), b is the distance between the light spot formed by the semiconductor laser (2) exiting on the rail (II) and the photoelectric position detector (3) The distance between the image and the center of the imaging lens (1), θ ₁ is the angle between the laser light emitted by the semiconductor laser (2) onto the rail (Ⅱ) and the reflected laser light on the rail (Ⅱ), θ ₂ is the angle between the laser light incident on the The angle between the laser light on the photoelectric position detector (3) and the photoelectric position detector (3). 3. A method for simultaneously measuring longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless steel rails according to claim 2, characterized in that: the positions of A ₁ and B ₁ can overlap. 4. A simultaneous measurement system for longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails, comprising more than two simultaneous measurement devices for longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails as claimed in claim 1, the same number of rail temperature automatic measurement units and a shared The central processing unit (Ⅵ) is characterized in that: every two seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement devices form a seamless steel rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device group, and each group of seamless steel rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device groups It includes two rail temperature automatic measurement units (Ⅴ, Ⅴ ^' ), and the rail temperature automatic measurement unit (Ⅴ, Ⅴ ^' ) is connected with the communication module (6) and power supply module of the corresponding seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device (5) connected, the communication modules (6) of all seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement devices share the same central processing unit (Ⅵ), and all communication modules (6) and the central processing unit (Ⅵ) are wired or wirelessly The rail temperature automatic measurement unit (Ⅴ,Ⅴ ^' ) is fixed on the rail (Ⅱ) by bonding or mechanical connection; while measuring the longitudinal and lateral displacement of the rail, the system can also automatically find the maximum Temperature stress section to avoid accidents. 5. A method for measuring the longitudinal and lateral displacement of the seamless rail as claimed in claim 4, the simultaneous measurement system, said method comprising the following steps: Step 1: Select a group of simultaneous measurement devices for longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails in the simultaneous measurement system for longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails, and record the two simultaneous measurement devices for longitudinal and lateral displacements of seamless rails as the first Simultaneous measurement device for longitudinal and lateral displacement of seamless steel rail and a second simultaneous measurement device for longitudinal and lateral displacement of seamless steel rail; Step 2: At any time, use the rail displacement measurement unit (Ⅲ) of the first seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device to obtain the distance along the longitudinal direction of the rail between the rail edge fixed pile (Ⅳ) and the rail (Ⅱ) where it is installed. orientation, relative position in the lateral direction; Step 3: At the same time as step 2, use the rail displacement measurement unit (Ⅲ) of the second seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device to measure the distance between the rail edge fixed pile (Ⅳ) and the rail (Ⅱ). The relative position of the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the rail; Step 4: At the same time as step 2, the rail temperature automatic measurement unit (Ⅴ) measures the temperature value of the rail (Ⅱ) where it is installed; Step 5: Through the communication module (6) of the first seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device and the second seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device, the data measured in step 2, step 3 and step 4 are respectively transmitted to the central processing unit (VI); Step 6: At any time after the time selected in step 2, use the rail displacement measurement unit (Ⅲ) of the first seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device to measure and obtain the rail edge fixed pile (Ⅳ) and rail ( Ⅱ) The relative position along the longitudinal direction and transverse direction of the rail; Step 7: At the same time as Step 6, use the rail displacement measurement unit (Ⅲ) of the second seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement device to measure the distance between the rail edge fixed pile (Ⅳ) and the rail (Ⅱ). The relative position of the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the rail; Step 8: At the same time as Step 6, the rail temperature automatic measurement unit (Ⅴ,Ⅴ ^' ) measures the temperature value of the rail (II) where it is located; Step 9: Transmit the data measured in Step 6, Step 7 and Step 8 to Central processing unit (Ⅵ); Step 10: The central processing unit (Ⅵ) processes the data transmitted by two sets of simultaneous longitudinal and lateral displacement measuring devices of seamless rails at two different times, and obtains the initial position of the simultaneous longitudinal and lateral displacement measuring devices of two seamless rails The length change ΔL of the difference length L, and the change value ΔT of the rail temperature at two different times are calculated according to the formula σt=(α×ΔT-ΔL/L)×E to obtain two sets of seamless rail longitudinal and lateral displacement simultaneous measurement devices The temperature stress of the rail between , where: α is the linear expansion coefficient of the rail, about 11.8×10 ^-6 /℃; E is the elastic modulus of the rail, about 2.1×10 ⁵ MPa; L is the longitudinal direction of the two seamless rails , Lateral displacement and measure the initial difference length of the position of the device at the same time.

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