CN102041456A - Steel for wind power spindle and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Steel for wind power spindle and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses steel for a wind power spindle, in which microalloying elements are added. The steel comprises the chemical compositions in percentage by weight: 0.35-0.45% of C, 0.55-0.75% of Mn, 0.25-0.35% of Ni, 0.90-1.80% of Cr, 0.20-0.30% of Mo, 0.05-0.15% of V, 0.20-0.35% of Si, not more than 0.020% of S, not more than 0.020% of P, 0.10-0.30% of Zr, 0.001-0.005% of B, 0.03-0.08% of Ti, the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities. Correspondingly, the invention further discloses a manufacturing method of the steel for the wind power spindle, which comprises the step of carrying out double-refining treatment and thermal refining treatment to obtain the alloy steel with excellent performance. Compared with the traditional 42CrMoA, the low-temperature impact work below -40 DEG C at a 1/2 radius position of the neck point of the spindle is improved by more than one time, and thus, the operation stability, safety and service life of the wind power spindle in highland and cold zones are improved greatly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wind-power electricity generation industry steel for main shaft product, relate in particular to main shaft structure iron with good low temperature impact properties and mechanical property.
Background technology
Wind-power electricity generation is to utilize wind-force to drive the air vane rotation, sees through the speed lifting of booster engine with rotation again, impels generator for electricity generation.In this course, wind power principal axis plays crucial effects.The load complexity that wind power principal axis bears, work under bad environment required to reach work-ing life more than 20 years, especially on the plateau and cold zone installation, require wind driven generator principal shaft to have high low-temperature impact toughness, for example the wind power principal axis of 1.25MW requires at-40 ℃ of following ballistic work 〉=27J.The steel grade that wind driven generator principal shaft is commonly used is 42CrMoA and 34CrNiMo6 at present, the domestic 42CrMoA that adopt, and the external 34CrNiMo6 that adopts more more.Adopt 42CrMoA as the wind power principal axis steel, its low-temperature impact toughness deficiency, under-40 ℃, ballistic work is less than 20J.If adopt 34CrNiMo6 as the wind power principal axis steel, though low-temperature impact toughness is good, under-40 ℃, its ballistic work can reach 35J, but because the content of precious metal element Ni is higher in the 34CrNiMo6 steel, cause the raw materials cost height of producing main shaft, be not suitable for the production of current domestic aerogenerator.
Patent publication No. is CN101294261, open day is on October 29th, 2008, name is called the Chinese invention patent of " alloy constructional steel for large-scale wind power principal axis ", a kind of wind driven generator principal shaft structural alloy steel is disclosed, low-temperature impact toughness usually improves in its Ni unit by interpolation 0.30% on the basis of 42CrMoA, but add 0.30% the hardening capacity not obviously effect of Ni element to improving steel, have only when the Ni constituent content and just have the effect that improves hardening capacity greater than 1% the time, so this invention can only be satisfied the mechanical property of wind power principal axis top layer (apart from top layer 25.4mm).And large-scale wind electricity main-axis has strict demand from an original mechanical property that has requirement to develop into axle journal end 1/2 radius (apart from about the 150mm of top layer) to the mechanical property on nearly top layer, so this technical scheme can not satisfy the performance requriements of 1.25MW wind power principal axis.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention provide a kind of be applicable to large-scale wind electricity main-axis have high-hardenability, a high/low-temperature impact Tough Alloy Steel, to overcome existing 42CrMoA low-temperature impact toughness deficiency, the shortcoming that the 34CrNiMo6 raw materials cost is higher.The present invention adopts micro-alloying technology, and by adding suitable micro alloying element Zr, V, B, Ti, crystal grain thinning and tissue improve the purity of material, satisfy the low-temperature impact toughness requirement of large-scale wind electricity main-axis.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method of making above-mentioned steel alloy, except carrying out conventional smelting and forging, before modifier treatment, steel billet is carried out two thinning processing, the grain structure of refinement steel billet, and improve the hardening capacity of main shaft, thereby improve the comprehensive mechanical property of steel alloy by modifier treatment.
According to above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, a kind of wind power principal axis steel is proposed, its chemical element mass percent consists of: C 0.35～0.45%, Mn 0.55～0.75%, and Ni 0.25～0.35%, and Cr 0.90～1.80%, Mo 0.20～0.30%, and V 0.05～0.15%, and Si 0.20～0.35%, S≤0.020%, P≤0.020%, Zr 0.10～0.30%, and B 0.001～0.005%, Ti 0.03～0.08%, and surplus is Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, this wind power principal axis is learned consisting of of element mass percent with tempering: C 0.35～0.45%, and Mn 0.55～0.75%, Ni 0.25～0.35%, and Cr 0.90～1.80%, and Mo 0.20～0.30%, V 0.05～0.15%, Si 0.20～0.35%, and S 0.005～0.009%, and P 0.010～0.013%, Zr 0.10～0.30%, B 0.001～0.005%, and Ti 0.04～0.08%, and surplus is Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
The design of the composition of wind-powered electricity generation steel for main shaft is based on following principle among the present invention:
As mentioned above, technical conceive of the present invention is by add crystal grain and the tissue that an amount of micro alloying element comes the refinement steel in steel, the low-temperature impact toughness that satisfies large-scale wind electricity main-axis requires and the high-hardenability requirement, and V element adds as micro alloying element in the present invention just.Because V can form vanadium carbide or vanadium nitride in steel, and V is difficult to dissolving in heat-processed, and the precipitation by its carbonitride can crystal grain thinning, tissue and improved intensity.Therefore add 0.05～0.15% V in the steel of the present invention, be used for the tissue of refinement steel, improve obdurability.
Another micro alloying element is Zr, because of the Zr element has outgassing, can reduce the gas content in the steel, adds the low-temperature flexibility that micro-Zr element also can significantly improve steel simultaneously.
The present invention finds through overtesting, Xiang Gangzhong adds the micro alloying element B of trace, massfraction is greater than 0.001%, can obviously improve the hardening capacity of steel, strong proeutectoid ferrite of postponing steel changes, but when B content surpasses 0.005%, will form carbide, beneficial effect will no longer be taken place the hardening capacity that improves steel.
Xiang Gangzhong adds micro alloying element Ti0.03～0.08%, be since the avidity of Ti element and N, O element than B element height, therefore in order to increase the effective B in the steel, Xiang Gangzhong adds a certain amount of Ti, make Ti form TiN prior to B, avoid forming BN, thereby give full play to the effect that the B element improves the hardening capacity of steel, the TiN of Xing Chenging plays pinning effect at the crystal boundary place simultaneously, can hinder austenite crystal grows up, improve the toughness of steel, in order better to reach this effect, the present invention tests the weight percent of finding Ti/N and answers 〉=5.
The C element is the principal element that improves intensity, but the C element of too high amount is unfavorable to plasticity, therefore for the wind power principal axis steel that requires modifier treatment, C is controlled at 0.35～0.45%.
The Mn element is used for improving intensity by what play solution strengthening in steel, improves the hardening capacity of steel simultaneously, and the avidity of Mn and O element is stronger in addition, can play desoxydatoin when steel-making, helps later desulfurization process.But the Mn element is too much, can cause grain growth, increases the fragility of steel, so among the present invention Mn content is controlled at 0.55～0.75%.
Contain a spot of Si element in the steel and have desoxydatoin preferably, but the Si too high levels then can reduce the welding and the machinability of steel.
The Ni element also is one of main alloy element of adding in the technical program, the adding of Ni element not only can improve the toughness of steel, can also improve the hardening capacity of steel, but Ni is again valuable alloying element, the too much affiliation that adds improves manufacturing cost, so the present invention is controlled at 0.25～0.35% with Ni content.
The vital role of Cr element is that it can postpone perlitic transformation strongly, if Cr, Mn are added simultaneously, this effect is more obvious, more help the raising of hardening capacity, but the Cr element can reduce martensite point on the other hand, the Cr too high levels is unfavorable for martensitic transformation, so the present invention is controlled at 0.90～1.80% with Cr content.
The Mo element has the obvious suppression effect to perlitic transformation, can effectively improve the hardening capacity of steel, the combined action of Mo and Mn can significantly improve austenitic stability again, thereby improve the hardening capacity of steel, Mo more than 0.2% has the effect that suppresses temper brittleness again simultaneously, so the content of Mo is 0.20～0.30% among the present invention.
Correspondingly, the present invention also provides the manufacture method of a kind of wind power principal axis with steel, comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and forging: raw material is smelted into steel ingot, controlling its chemical element mass percent consists of: C 0.35～0.45%, Mn 0.55～0.75%, Ni 0.25～0.35%, Cr 0.90～1.80%, and Mo 0.20～0.30%, and V 0.05～0.15%, Si 0.20～0.35%, S≤0.020%, P≤0.020%, Zr 0.10～0.30%, B 0.001～0.005%, Ti 0.03～0.08%, and surplus is Fe and other unavoidable impurities, then this steel ingot is forged into the steel for main shaft blank, carry out carrying out mechanical workout after the anneal with forging good steel for main shaft blank, remove its surperficial oxidation and decarbonization layer;
(2) thinning processing: will be heated to 12～15 hours postcooling of 900～920 ℃ of insulations through the steel for main shaft of above-mentioned processing to room temperature;
(3) secondary thinning processing: will be heated to 12～15 hours postcooling of 860～880 ℃ of insulations through the steel for main shaft that above-mentioned steps is handled once more to room temperature;
(4) quench treatment: will be heated to 840～860 ℃ of insulations through the steel for main shaft of two refinements and quench in 12～15 hours, and be cooled to 200～300 ℃ then;
(5) temper: will be heated to through modified steel for main shaft 600～620 ℃ the insulation 20～25 hours after air cooling.
Preferably, its chemical element mass percent of the steel billet in the described step (1) consists of: C 0.35～0.45%, and Mn 0.55～0.75%, Ni 0.25～0.35%, and Cr 0.90～1.80%, and Mo 0.20～0.30%, V 0.05～0.15%, Si 0.20～0.35%, and S 0.005～0.009%, and P 0.010～0.013%, Zr0.10～0.30%, B 0.001～0.005%, and Ti 0.04～0.08%, and surplus is Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the multipolymer water-based quenching medium cooling of oxyethane and propylene oxide is adopted in the quenching in the described step (4).
This manufacture method can improve the hardening capacity and the comprehensive mechanical property of steel for main shaft greatly by above-mentioned pair of process for refining and hardening and tempering process.
The present invention makes it compared with prior art owing to adopted above technical scheme, has the following advantages and positively effect:
1. the present invention has improved the hardening capacity and the low-temperature impact toughness of steel for main shaft by adopting micro-alloying technology interpolation Zr, V, Ti, B alloying element.Especially the adding of Zr element to improving the low-temperature impact toughness effect highly significant of wind power principal axis with steel, is compared with steel with existing 42CrMoA wind power principal axis, and the low-temperature impact toughness under-40 ℃ is doubled many.
2. before modifier treatment, adopt two thinning processing step crystal grain thinnings and tissue, further improved the low-temperature impact toughness of steel for main shaft.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1-5
Adopt electric arc furnace, ladle refining furnace and vacuum outgas to handle and smelt cast 25t steel ingot, the steel ingot chemical element mass percent among the embodiment 1-5 is controlled in the scope as shown in table 1.
The chemical element mass percent of wind-powered electricity generation steel for main shaft is formed among table 1. embodiment of the invention 1-5
Then above-mentioned steel ingot is forged into the steel for main shaft blank, carry out mechanical workout after the anneal to remove its surperficial oxidation and decarbonization layer.Carry out two thinning processing and modifier treatment according to table 2 then.
Two thinning processing and hardening and tempering process among table 2. embodiment of the invention 1-5 in the wind-powered electricity generation steel for main shaft manufacture method
As seen from the above table, the present invention is owing to adopt micro-alloying technology and two thinning processing technology, obtained the high wind power principal axis steel of hardening capacity and low-temperature impact toughness, low-temperature impact work under main shaft axle journal end 1/2 radius-40 ℃ has exceeded more than one times than existing 42CrMoA, greatly improved wind power principal axis on the plateau and stability, security and the work-ing life of cold zone running, simultaneously saved the Ni element consumption more than 1% compared to prior art, obtained significant technical progress and reached the good technical effect.
Be noted that above enumerate only for specific embodiments of the invention, obviously the invention is not restricted to above embodiment, many similar variations are arranged thereupon.If those skilled in the art all should belong to protection scope of the present invention from all distortion that content disclosed by the invention directly derives or associates.
Claims (5)
1. a wind power principal axis steel is characterized in that, its chemical element mass percent consists of:
C 0.35～0.45％；
Mn 0.55～0.75％；
Ni 0.25～0.35％；
Cr 0.90～1.80％；
Mo 0.20～0.30％；
V 0.05～0.15％；
Si 0.20～0.35％；
S ≤0.020％；
P ≤0.020％；
Zr 0.10～0.30％；
B 0.001～0.005％；
Ti 0.03～0.08％；
Surplus is Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
2. wind power principal axis steel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, its chemical element mass percent consists of:
C 0.35～0.45％；
Mn 0.55～0.75％；
Ni 0.25～0.35％；
Cr 0.90～1.80％；
Mo 0.20～0.30％；
V 0.05～0.15％；
Si 0.20～0.35％；
S 0.005～0.009％；
P 0.010～0.013％；
Zr 0.10～0.30％；
B 0.001～0.005％；
Ti 0.04～0.08％；
Surplus is Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
3. the manufacture method of a wind power principal axis usefulness steel is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and forging: raw material is smelted into steel ingot, controlling its chemical element mass percent consists of: C 0.35～0.45%, Mn 0.55～0.75%, Ni 0.25～0.35%, Cr 0.90～1.80%, and Mo 0.20～0.30%, and V 0.05～0.15%, Si 0.20～0.35%, S≤0.020%, P≤0.020%, Zr 0.10～0.30%, B 0.001～0.005%, Ti 0.03～0.08%, and surplus is Fe and other unavoidable impurities, then this steel ingot is forged into the steel for main shaft blank, carry out carrying out mechanical workout after the anneal with forging good steel for main shaft blank, remove its surperficial oxidation and decarbonization layer;
(2) thinning processing: will be heated to 12～15 hours postcooling of 900～920 ℃ of insulations through the steel for main shaft of above-mentioned processing to room temperature;
(3) secondary thinning processing: will be heated to 12～15 hours postcooling of 860～880 ℃ of insulations through the steel for main shaft that above-mentioned steps is handled once more to room temperature;
(4) quench treatment: will be heated to 840～860 ℃ of insulations through the steel for main shaft of two refinements and quench in 12～15 hours, and be cooled to 200～300 ℃ then;
(5) temper: will be heated to through modified steel for main shaft 600～620 ℃ the insulation 20～25 hours after air cooling.
4. the wind power principal axis as claimed in claim 3 manufacture method of steel, it is characterized in that, its chemical element mass percent of steel billet in the described step (1) consists of: C 0.35～0.45%, Mn 0.55～0.75%, Ni 0.25～0.35%, Cr 0.90～1.80%, Mo 0.20～0.30%, and V 0.05～0.15%, and Si 0.20～0.35%, S 0.005～0.009%, P 0.010～0.013%, and Zr 0.10～0.30%, and B 0.001～0.005%, Ti 0.04～0.08%, and surplus is Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
5. wind power principal axis as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that with the manufacture method of steel the multipolymer water-based quenching medium cooling of oxyethane and propylene oxide is adopted in the quenching in the described step (4).
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| CN106811585A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2017-06-09 | 江苏华威机械制造有限公司 | A kind of big specification alloy steel forging Light deformation heat treatment Grain Refinement |
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| US5595706A (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 1997-01-21 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Aluminum containing iron-base alloys useful as electrical resistance heating elements |
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| CN1102671C (en) * | 2000-12-25 | 2003-03-05 | 钢铁研究总院 | High-performance impact resisting steel |
| CN101294261A (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2008-10-29 | 江阴风电法兰制造有限公司 | Alloy constructional steel for large-scale wind power principal axis |
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| CN103981442A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-13 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Steel for wind power tower drum with low weld crack sensitivity and production method thereof |
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| CN106702099A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-05-24 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Large-size 42 CrMo4 hardened and tempered steel manufacturing process for wind power gearbox outer main shaft |
| CN110508733A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-11-29 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | High intensity squeezes the manufacturing method of axis |
| CN115404415A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-11-29 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Round steel for supporting shaft forge piece and rolling method thereof |
| CN115404415B (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2024-04-30 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Round steel for supporting shaft forging and rolling method thereof |
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