CN102039498A - Sintered flux for two phase stainless steel - Google Patents

Sintered flux for two phase stainless steel Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102039498A
CN102039498A CN 201010603696 CN201010603696A CN102039498A CN 102039498 A CN102039498 A CN 102039498A CN 201010603696 CN201010603696 CN 201010603696 CN 201010603696 A CN201010603696 A CN 201010603696A CN 102039498 A CN102039498 A CN 102039498A
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stainless steel
phase stainless
flux
content
welding
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CN102039498B (en
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王效莲
刘鹏飞
刘瞿
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Luoyang Shuangrui Special Alloy Material Co., Ltd.
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725th Research Institute of CSIC
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Abstract

The invention discloses a sintered flux for two phase stainless steel. The sintered flux comprises the dry powder components by weight percent: 24-32% of MgO, 12-23% of CaF2, 12-18% of ZrO2, 10-15% of Al2O3, 9-14% of SiO2, 2-10% of CaO, 1-3% of rare earth fluoride, 0.5-2% of sodium fluosilicate, 0.5-2% of chromium oxide green, 0.5-2% of deoxidier, 2-8% of alloying agent, and the balance chromium metal, wherein the deoxidier is Si-Fe in which the content of Si is not less than 70%, and the alloying agent contains 1.5-2.5% of ferromolybdenum in which the content of molybdenum is not less than 50%. The sintered flux disclosed by the invention is matched with ER2209 solder wires, is suitable for the welding and overlaying of two phase stainless steel containing 22% of Cr; the welding is ruled and stable, the slag detachability is excellent, and the weld pass is even in width, moderate in pile height, smooth in transition; the defects of gas pits, intermediate crystallization lines, slag bonding and the like are overcome; and the flux has high content of deposited metal ferrite, excellent mechanical property and corrosion resisting property.

Description

A kind of phase stainless steel use sintered flux
 
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding material technology, particularly a kind of phase stainless steel use sintered flux.
Background technology
A kind of stainless steel that two phase stainless steel is made of by a certain percentage austenite and ferrite two-phase structure, wherein ferritic phase and austenite are makeed an appointment and are respectively accounted for half, even a certain phasor is few, general quantity is looked younger and also need be reached 30%.Two phase stainless steel has the characteristics of austenitic stainless steel and ferritic stainless steel concurrently.Compare with ferritic stainless steel, the toughness height of two phase stainless steel, brittle transition temperature is low, and intergranular corrosion resistance performance and welding performance are significantly increased; Some characteristics that kept simultaneously ferritic stainless steel again, little as 475 ℃ of fragility, thermal conductivity height, linear expansion coefficient, have superplasticity and magnetic etc.Compare with austenitic stainless steel, the intensity height of two phase stainless steel, particularly yield strength significantly improves, and performance such as anti-pitting, anticorrosion stress-resistant, resistance to corrosion fatigue also improves significantly.So two phase stainless steel has good development prospect because of its above-mentioned special benefits is widely used in industrial circle and bridge bearing structure fields such as petrochemical equipment, seawater and sewage treatment equipment, oil and gas pipelines, papermaking equipment.
In the two phase stainless steel welding, submerged-arc welding is stablized with its production efficiency height and Weld Performance and is widely adopted.Along with the raising of smelting iron and steel and process technology, the present domestic more stable two phase stainless steel welding wire for submerged-arc welding of branch that can be provided as, however but very rare with the good comprehensive properties two phase stainless steel submerged arc welding flux of its coupling.Though respectively provide a kind of sintered flux for stainless steel such as patent of invention CN 101585123A and CN 101733587A, yet the welding wire that is mated among their embodiment is common austenitic stainless steel welding wire for submerged-arc welding.Because the more common austenitic stainless steel Cr of two phase stainless steel content obviously raises, Ni content obviously reduces, and the easy scaling loss of Cr, need a transition part from solder flux, so parameters such as the basicity of the common austenitic stainless steel sintered flux that the foregoing invention patent provides, oxidisability, skull fusing point, viscosity coefficient of dross, surface tension, interfacial tension are difficult to and two phase stainless steel welding wire coupling, weld defects such as gas load mould, middle crystallization strain line, horizontal dry slag, edge dry slag then appear during the submerged arc welding easily.And up to the present, do not see patent report as yet about the two phase stainless steel submerged arc welding flux.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of phase stainless steel use sintered flux, mainly be by rational composition design and preparation technology, make it have the basicity that is complementary with the two phase stainless steel welding wire for submerged-arc welding, oxidisability, fusing point, viscosity, surface tension and interfacial tension, with thorough solution gas load mould, middle crystallization strain line, horizontal dry slag, weld defect problems such as edge dry slag, and welding conditions are steady, deslag performance is good, welding bead width is even, heap is high moderate, transitions smooth, coupling ER2209 welding wire, be suitable for containing the structure welding and the surface overlaying of Cr 22% type two phase stainless steel, can be met the mechanical property and the ferrite content of requirement.
For the purpose that realizes solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
A kind of phase stainless steel use sintered flux of the present invention, dry powder component and percentage by weight thereof are: MgO:24～32%, CaF 2: 12～23%, ZrO 2: 12～18%, Al 2O 3: 10～15%, SiO 2: 9～14%, CaO:2～10%, rare earth fluoride: 1～3%, prodan: 0.5～2%, chrome oxide green: 0.5～2%, deoxidier: 0.5～2%, alloying constituent: 2～8%.
In order to strengthen arc stability, the two phase stainless steel sintered flux that the present invention relates to adopts potassium sodium 3:1 waterglass to make binding agent, and the about 1000MPaS of waterglass viscosity, consumption account for 18～26% of solder flux dry powder weight.Further, waterglass viscosity is 700 ~ 1500MPaS.
The technical indicator of described rare earth fluoride is REO 〉=83%, CeO 2/ REO 〉=45%, F 〉=26%.
Described deoxidier is not less than 70% Si-Fe for Si content.
Described alloying constituent contains molybdenum content and is not less than 50% molybdenum-iron 1.5 ~ 2.5%, and surplus is a crome metal.
Further, in the dry powder component of this phase stainless steel use sintered flux, mineral dry powder raw material is all by 100 mesh sieves, and the metal powder raw material is crossed 40 mesh sieves.
Further the optimized technical scheme weldering can also be: a kind of phase stainless steel use sintered flux of the present invention, dry powder component and percentage by weight thereof are: MgO:26～32%, CaF 2: 16～23%, ZrO 2: 12～15%, Al 2O 3: 10～13%, SiO 2: 12～14%, CaO:2～6%, rare earth fluoride: 2～3%, prodan: 0.5～1%, chrome oxide green: 1～2%, deoxidier: 1～2%, alloying constituent: 2～4.5%.
Two phase stainless steel sintered flux of the present invention; its preparation method can for: solder flux mineral dry powder raw material is crossed 100 mesh sieves; the metal powder raw material is weighed by formulation ratio after crossing 40 mesh sieves; all powders are put into mixer and are fully done mixed; add the abundant wet mixing of quantitative sodium silicate binder again; then wet feed is put into the comminutor granulation; the flux particle of making is sent into 200 ~ 250 ℃ of rotation drying ovens and is carried out 40～60min low temperature drying; after the oven dry it is sent into the rotation sintering furnace and carry out high temperature sintering; sintering temperature is 650～750 ℃; sintering time is 30～50min; cooling after coming out of the stove; sieve out 12～60 purpose flux particles; packing is put in storage after the assay was approved, and the solder flux preparation is finished.
Details are as follows in the effect of each the dry powder component of two phase stainless steel sintered flux that the present invention relates to:
MgO: having high melt point and stability at elevated temperature, is slag making and the active ingredient that improves flux basicity, can reduce sulphur, the oxygen content of weld metal, improves the weld metal degree of purity.Content is crossed when hanging down, and skull is loose, and it is bad to take off slag, and flux basicity is not enough; Viscosity coefficient of dross is increased, suppress slag and flow, and cause the welding bead surface not only, pit can occur.Mainly add by magnesia.
CaF 2: the salt of meta-alkalescence, fusing point is lower, can reduce the slag surface tension and improve slag fluidity; It is at high temperature relatively more active, decomposes the fluorine gas that produces and can reduce the dividing potential drop of hydrogen in the electric arc, thereby effectively reduce the weld metal diffusible hydrogen content.Content is crossed when hanging down, and can make the not enough and dehydrogenation poor effect of flux basicity; During too high levels, can cause electric arc shakiness and ripple thick.Mainly add by fluorite.
ZrO 2: reduce the active ingredient of slag interfacial tension, under the high temperature can with CaF 2Reaction generates low-melting compound ZrF4, improves the removability of slag significantly, thoroughly solves horizontal dry slag and edge dry slag problem, makes appearance of weld attractive in appearance.Content is crossed when hanging down, and the dry slag problem is separated never thorough; During too high levels, because its fusing point height, viscosity coefficient of dross is increased, cause the high temperature removability of slag very good and make face of weld oxidation tint occur simultaneously.Mainly add by zircon sand.
Al 2O 3: regulate the active ingredient of slag fusing point and viscosity, can make slag have good flowability, weld metal and mother metal transitions smooth, appearance of weld is attractive in appearance.Content is crossed above-mentioned DeGrain when hanging down, and causes the slag fluidity variation during too high levels, and weld seam is easy to generate defectives such as undercut, gas load mould and slag inclusion.Main by α-Al 2O 3Add.
SiO 2: improve the active ingredient of welding procedure and stable arc, can improve deslag performance and appearance of weld.Content is crossed when hanging down, the electric arc shakiness; During too high levels, can make deposited metal increase silicon, viscosity coefficient of dross is increased.Mainly add by zircon sand and wollastonite.
CaO: the active ingredient that improves flux basicity and deposited metal toughness.During too high levels, the electric arc shakiness, appearance of weld is bad, takes off the slag difficulty, easily produces slag inclusion and fuses defectives such as not good.Mainly add by wollastonite.
Rare earth fluoride: deoxidation, desulfurization, the form of field trash in the control weld seam.Content is crossed DeGrain when hanging down, and easily causes the electric arc shakiness during too high levels.
Prodan: make appearance of weld active ingredient attractive in appearance.Add when an amount of, ripple is tiny, and the edge is more straight, and width is even, and heap is high moderate, with the mother metal transitions smooth; Content is crossed when hanging down, above DeGrain; During too high levels, then the deposited metal siliconising is serious.
Chrome oxide green: improve the active ingredient of taking off slag and appearance of weld, the Cr that can reduce the generation of liquid metal and slag interface is by SiO 2Be oxidized to Cr 2O 3Possibility, and then reduce the scaling loss of alloying component Cr and occur in the middle of the possibility of crystallization strain line.
Deoxidier: reduce the oxygen content in the weld seam and improve the removability of slag, it is bad that content is crossed when low deoxidation effect, then causes the deposited metal siliconising serious during too high levels.Mainly being not less than 70% Si-Fe by Si content adds.
Alloying constituent: alloying in weld metal, with the scaling loss of alloying element in the compensation welding process with regulate the weld metal composition, finally make weld metal be met the chemical composition of requirement and ratio mutually, its content is high can to increase solder flux cost.Alloying constituent comprises that mainly purity is not less than 98% crome metal, molybdenum content and is not less than 50% molybdenum-iron, purity and is not less than 98% metallic nickel, purity and is not less than 98% manganese metal and purity and is not less than in 98% the metallic copper one or more.
These technical schemes comprise that improved technical scheme and further improved technical scheme also can make up mutually or combination, thereby reach better technique effect.
By adopting technique scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The two phase stainless steel sintered flux that the present invention relates to, coupling ER2209 welding wire is suitable for the used welding and the built-up welding that contain Cr 22% type two phase stainless steel of industrial circle and bridge bearing structure field such as petrochemical equipment, seawater and sewage treatment equipment, oil and gas pipelines, papermaking equipment; Two phase stainless steel sintered flux coupling ER2209 welding wire of the present invention, welding conditions are steady, deslag performance is good, welding bead width is even, high moderate, the transitions smooth of heap, weld defect problems such as the gas load mould that occurs easily in the stainless steel submerged arc welding, middle crystallization strain line, horizontal dry slag, edge dry slag have thoroughly been solved, the deposited metal ferrite content can reach more than 35%, therefore has good mechanical performance and corrosion resisting property.
 
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment this patent is described further, but the protection domain of this patent includes, but are not limited to embodiment.
(1) solder flux preparation
Solder flux mineral dry powder raw material is crossed 100 mesh sieves; the metal powder raw material is weighed by formulation ratio after crossing 40 mesh sieves; all powders are put into mixer and are fully done mixed; add the abundant wet mixing of suitable quantity of water glass binder again; then wet feed is put into the comminutor granulation; the flux particle of making is sent into 200 ~ 250 ℃ of rotation drying ovens and is carried out 40～60min low temperature drying; after the oven dry it is sent into the rotation sintering furnace and carry out high temperature sintering; sintering temperature is 650～750 ℃; sintering time is 30～50min; 10～60 purpose flux particles are sieved out in cooling after coming out of the stove, packing; put in storage after the assay was approved, the solder flux preparation is finished.
(2) embodiment
The constituent content of design has been prepared 3 kinds of solder flux powders according to the present invention, and formula number is F1～F3.Three prescriptions of F1～F3 solder flux all cooperates with the ER2209 welding wire of Φ 3.2mm, and adopting thick 2205 two phase stainless steels of 20mm is that mother metal carries out deposited test plate (panel) welding.Flux composition dry powder quality proportioning is listed in table 1, and solder flux preparation technology lists in table 2, and welding conditions see table 3 for details, the solder flux welding technological properties is listed in table 4, ER2209 welding wire chemical composition is listed in table 5, and the deposited metal performance test is carried out with reference to AWS A5.4-2006, the results are shown in table 6.
 
Table 1 flux composition dry powder quality proportioning
Numbering MgO CaF 2 ZrO 2 Al 2O 3 SiO 2 CaO Rare earth fluoride Prodan Chrome oxide green Deoxidier Alloying constituent
F1 24 12 18 15 9 10 1 2 0.5 0.5 8
F2 32 23 12 10 14 2 2 1 1 1 2
F3 26 16 15 13 12 6 3 0.5 2 2 4.5
In the table 1, the technical indicator of rare earth fluoride is REO 〉=83%, CeO 2/ REO 〉=45%, F 〉=26%;
Each prescription waterglass is that potassium sodium 3:1 waterglass is made binding agent, the about 800MPaS of waterglass viscosity of F1, and consumption accounts for 19% of solder flux dry powder weight, and deoxidier is the Si-Fe of Si content 70%, and the molybdenum-iron of crome metal 5.6%, molybdenum content 50% accounts for 2.4% in the alloying constituent; The about 1250MPaS of waterglass viscosity of F3 and F2, consumption accounts for 26% of solder flux dry powder weight, and deoxidier is the Si-Fe of Si content 75%, and alloying constituent is that molybdenum-iron 1.6%, the surplus of molybdenum content 55% is crome metal.
Table 2 solder flux preparation technology
Numbering Dried doing time/min Waterglass accounts for dry powder proportion/% Wet mixing time/min The low temperature drying temperature/℃ Low temperature drying time/min The hyperthermia drying temperature/℃ Hyperthermia drying time/min Pre-welding treatment
F1 5 18 5 230±10 50 700±10 40 350 ℃ * 2h oven dry
F2 5 26 5 230±10 50 700±10 40 350 ℃ * 2h oven dry
F3 5 22 5 230±10 50 700±10 40 350 ℃ * 2h oven dry
Table 3 welding conditions
Welding electricity/A Welding electricity/V Temperature between preheating and road/℃ Speed of welding/cm/min Polarity
380～400 30±2 Below 150 50～80 Dc reverse connection
Table 4 welding technological properties
Numbering Arc stability Deslag performance Middle crystallization strain line Welding bead width The welding bead heap is high With the mother metal transition Welding bead comprehensively is shaped
F1 Well High temperature does not take off, and it is easy that low temperature takes off slag, does not have horizontal dry slag, slightly the edge dry slag Do not have Moderate Moderate Smoothly Very
F2 Well High temperature does not take off, and it is easy that low temperature takes off slag, does not have horizontal dry slag, the non-flanged dry slag Slightly Moderate Moderate Smoothly Very
F3 Well High temperature does not take off, and it is easy that low temperature takes off slag, does not have horizontal dry slag, the non-flanged dry slag Do not have Moderate Moderate Smoothly Excellent
Table 5 ER2209 welding wire chemical composition
Numbering C Cr Ni Mo Mn Si P S N Cu
ER2209 0.022 23.08 8.92 3.06 1.54 0.49 0.022 0.0015 0.154 0.134
AWS A5.9-2006 ≤0.03 21.5～23.5 7.5～9.5 2.5～3.5 0.5～2.0 ≤0.90 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 0.08～2.0 ≤0.75
Table 6 deposited metal The performance test results
Numbering Main alloy element content/% ? ? ? ? ? ? Mechanical property ? ? ? Ferrite content/%
? C Cr Ni Mo Mn Si N Rm/MPa R p0.2/MPa δ 5/％ -20 ℃ of ballistic work/J ?
F1 0.030 23.2 8.82 3.33 0.90 0.78 0.127 820 640 27 55,47,50 39
F2 0.025 22.80 8.84 3.02 1.02 0.72 0.130 810 620 23 43,40,46 35
F3 0.027 23.02 8.76 3.26 0.98 0.76 0.120 815 630 25 51,48,45 37
AWSA5.4-2006 ≤0.04 21.5～23.5 8.5～10.5 2.5～3.5 0.5～2.0 ≤1.00 0.08～2.0 690 ―― 20 ―― ――

Claims (4)

1. phase stainless steel use sintered flux, it is characterized in that: the dry powder component and the percentage by weight thereof of solder flux are: MgO:24～32%, CaF 2: 12～23%, ZrO 2: 12～18%, Al 2O 3: 10～15%, SiO 2: 9～14%, CaO:2～10%, rare earth fluoride: 1～3%, prodan: 0.5～2%, chrome oxide green: 0.5～2%, deoxidier: 0.5～2%, alloying constituent: 2～8%; Described deoxidier is not less than 70% Si-Fe for Si content; Described alloying constituent contains molybdenum content, and to be not less than 50% molybdenum-iron 1.5 ~ 2.5%, surplus be crome metal.
2. according to the described phase stainless steel use sintered flux of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rare earth fluoride specification is REO 〉=83%, CeO 2/ REO 〉=45%, F 〉=26%.
3. according to the described phase stainless steel use sintered flux of claim 1, it is characterized in that: its dry powder component and percentage by weight thereof are: MgO:26～32%, CaF 2: 16～23%, ZrO 2: 12～15%, Al 2O 3: 10～13%, SiO 2: 12～14%, CaO:2～6%, rare earth fluoride: 2～3%, prodan: 0.5～1%, chrome oxide green: 1～2%, deoxidier: 1～2%, alloying constituent: 2～4.5%.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 each described phase stainless steel use sintered fluxes, it is characterized in that: in the dry powder component of described phase stainless steel use sintered flux, mineral dry powder raw material is all by 100 mesh sieves, and the metal powder raw material is crossed 40 mesh sieves.
CN201010603696A 2010-12-24 2010-12-24 Sintered flux for two phase stainless steel Expired - Fee Related CN102039498B (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102581518A (en) * 2012-03-23 2012-07-18 北京金威焊材有限公司 Sintered flux for stainless steel surfacing with band electrode
CN102862004A (en) * 2012-09-06 2013-01-09 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 Argon tungsten-arc welding soldering flux and method adopting same for welding
RU2487000C2 (en) * 2011-09-07 2013-07-10 Юрий Петрович Петренко Cermet solder
CN103273222A (en) * 2013-01-07 2013-09-04 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 High-strength high-tenacity sintered flux for afterheat-free welding
CN104816106A (en) * 2015-05-22 2015-08-05 天津市永昌焊丝有限公司 Special submerged arc horizontal welding flux for pressure-bearing storage tank
CN106078005A (en) * 2016-07-07 2016-11-09 洛阳双瑞特种合金材料有限公司 A kind of stainless steel band pole submerged arc overlay welding solder flux carrying out post weld heat treatment
CN106271223A (en) * 2015-05-12 2017-01-04 海宁瑞奥金属科技有限公司 Phase stainless steel use submerged arc flux-cored wire solder flux
CN106536115A (en) * 2014-07-18 2017-03-22 株式会社神户制钢所 Tandem submerged arc welding method for high cr csef steel
CN108581270A (en) * 2018-03-16 2018-09-28 洛阳双瑞特种合金材料有限公司 A kind of LPG ships welding sintered flux and the preparation method and application thereof
CN109014657A (en) * 2018-09-13 2018-12-18 郑州凤凰新材料科技有限公司 A kind of High Speed Welding sintered flux and preparation method thereof
TWI732689B (en) * 2019-12-12 2021-07-01 國立屏東科技大學 Tig welding flux for super duplex stainless steel
CN113695789A (en) * 2021-10-28 2021-11-26 东北大学 Sintered flux for welding HSLA steel and preparation method thereof
CN114769942A (en) * 2022-06-17 2022-07-22 东北大学 Multi-element environment-friendly smelting flux for welding low-alloy steel and preparation and application thereof

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Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2487000C2 (en) * 2011-09-07 2013-07-10 Юрий Петрович Петренко Cermet solder
CN102581518A (en) * 2012-03-23 2012-07-18 北京金威焊材有限公司 Sintered flux for stainless steel surfacing with band electrode
CN102581518B (en) * 2012-03-23 2014-10-15 北京金威焊材有限公司 Sintered flux for stainless steel surfacing with band electrode
CN102862004A (en) * 2012-09-06 2013-01-09 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 Argon tungsten-arc welding soldering flux and method adopting same for welding
CN102862004B (en) * 2012-09-06 2015-05-13 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 Argon tungsten-arc welding soldering flux and method adopting same for welding
CN103273222A (en) * 2013-01-07 2013-09-04 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 High-strength high-tenacity sintered flux for afterheat-free welding
CN106536115A (en) * 2014-07-18 2017-03-22 株式会社神户制钢所 Tandem submerged arc welding method for high cr csef steel
CN106536115B (en) * 2014-07-18 2019-04-16 株式会社神户制钢所 The series connection submerged arc soldering method of high Cr system CSEF steel
CN106271223A (en) * 2015-05-12 2017-01-04 海宁瑞奥金属科技有限公司 Phase stainless steel use submerged arc flux-cored wire solder flux
CN106271223B (en) * 2015-05-12 2019-01-22 海宁瑞奥金属科技有限公司 Phase stainless steel use submerged arc welding material
CN104816106A (en) * 2015-05-22 2015-08-05 天津市永昌焊丝有限公司 Special submerged arc horizontal welding flux for pressure-bearing storage tank
CN106078005A (en) * 2016-07-07 2016-11-09 洛阳双瑞特种合金材料有限公司 A kind of stainless steel band pole submerged arc overlay welding solder flux carrying out post weld heat treatment
CN106078005B (en) * 2016-07-07 2018-10-09 洛阳双瑞特种合金材料有限公司 A kind of stainless steel band pole submerged arc overlay welding solder flux
CN108581270A (en) * 2018-03-16 2018-09-28 洛阳双瑞特种合金材料有限公司 A kind of LPG ships welding sintered flux and the preparation method and application thereof
CN108581270B (en) * 2018-03-16 2020-12-04 洛阳双瑞特种合金材料有限公司 Sintered flux for welding LPG ship and preparation method and application thereof
CN109014657A (en) * 2018-09-13 2018-12-18 郑州凤凰新材料科技有限公司 A kind of High Speed Welding sintered flux and preparation method thereof
TWI732689B (en) * 2019-12-12 2021-07-01 國立屏東科技大學 Tig welding flux for super duplex stainless steel
CN113695789A (en) * 2021-10-28 2021-11-26 东北大学 Sintered flux for welding HSLA steel and preparation method thereof
CN113695789B (en) * 2021-10-28 2022-02-22 东北大学 Sintered flux for welding HSLA steel and preparation method thereof
CN114769942A (en) * 2022-06-17 2022-07-22 东北大学 Multi-element environment-friendly smelting flux for welding low-alloy steel and preparation and application thereof
CN114769942B (en) * 2022-06-17 2022-09-30 东北大学 Multi-element environment-friendly smelting flux for welding low-alloy steel and preparation and application thereof

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