CN102035433A - Power variable capacitor - Google Patents
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- CN102035433A CN102035433A CN2010105822396A CN201010582239A CN102035433A CN 102035433 A CN102035433 A CN 102035433A CN 2010105822396 A CN2010105822396 A CN 2010105822396A CN 201010582239 A CN201010582239 A CN 201010582239A CN 102035433 A CN102035433 A CN 102035433A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a power variable capacitor which is used as a core device of a super generator. The variable capacitor comprises a positive electrode with an insulating dielectric medium, a negative electrode and a liquid dielectric medium, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are parallel and spaced; the positive electrode and the negative electrode are of fractional frequency/frequency multiplication/frequency cascading/fractional frequency shunt/frequency cascading shunt/combination/mixing; the power variable capacitor is of a can type/channel type/semi-channel type/roller type; and the variable capacitance mode of the power variable capacitor is rotating engaging and disengaging/flowing engaging and disengaging.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to variodenser, especially the power variodenser belongs to electric and electronic technical field.
Background technology
The power variodenser is the electric field generator core devices of super generator one by one, consults " capacitor of rolling belt and electric field generator " patent of invention specification, application number: 200910028718.0.Desirable power variodenser should have operation power consumption little, withstand voltage height, capacity big three big characteristics, characteristics such as in addition, also need wide, the good recovery of drawing materials, easy care, the life-span is long, cost is low and universality is good.
The basic structure of capacitor is that folder has formula: C=ε A/r with dielectric between two parallel poles
2In the formula: C represents capacitor volume; ε represents dielectric dielectric constant; A represents the relative area of two electrodes; R represents two interelectrode spacings.As changing capacitor into the power variodenser, following several situation is arranged then by above formula:
(A) only change dielectric DIELECTRIC CONSTANT and change capacity C, formula is: Δ C=Δ ε A/r
2
Usually, dielectric is once selected, and its dielectric constant has also just been determined, generally be unalterable, still, if employing is liquid dielectric, then can change condenser capacity, and then obtain the power variodenser by make the way that liquid dielectric " flows " between two electrodes.
(B) the spacing r that only changes two electrodes changes capacity C, and formula is: Δ C=ε A/ Δ r
2
The electrostatics theory shows, the gravitation of positive and negative electric charge is directly proportional with electric field strength on it on the capacitor, therefore, the spacing that only changes two electrodes is obtained variodenser, just mean the gravitation that need overcome positive and negative electric charge on two electrodes, and the power variodenser requires two electrodes must not produce electric moment during transfiguration in electric field, therefore, only depends on to change two interelectrode spacings and come the change capacity not have practicality.
(C) change the spacing r of two electrodes and the relative area A of two electrodes simultaneously and change capacity C, formula is: Δ C=ε Δ A/ Δ r
2
This is the transfiguration mode of " capacitor of rolling belt ".Capacitor of rolling belt during transfiguration, has occurred on roller electrode and the electroded clutch tangent line " three limit " in electric field: the one, and charge migration minimum voltage difference (1 electron-volt) limit; The 2nd, charge migration speed (the level off to the light velocity) limit; Therefore the 3rd, roller electrode and belt electrode leave minimum range (the promoting 1 electron-volt) limit, just may produce electric moment when having only the rotational line speed convergence light velocity when capacitor of rolling belt in theory.
(D) the relative area A that only changes two electrodes changes capacity C, and formula is: Δ C=ε Δ A/r
2
The variodenser that changes capacity by the relative area that changes two electrodes is had it long ago, as air variable capacitor, variable film capacitor etc., but that this type of variodenser is not a capacity is little, be exactly that to move power consumption big, greatly differ from each other from super generator desired power variodenser, but this is a kind of effective basic transfiguration method after all, can so, find an outlet of dealing with problems on this basis? answer is sure.
Solve the operation power problems of power variodenser earlier---
Two parallel poles separate/compound (being called for short " clutch ") repeatedly, be the elemental motion of variodenser, little as the operation power consumption that will make two electrodes, just they must be separated and keep certain interval, though do like this capacity of power variodenser is reduced, can remedy by the liquid dielectric that the filling dielectric constant is big between two electrodes.Liquid dielectric has following effect in the power variodenser:
1, subdues two interelectrode clutch frictional force, reduce to move power consumption.
2, prevent wear to electrodes.
3, " fusion " two electrodes fully manifest capacity.
4, insulation dielectric is played " repairing " effect (seeing below).
5, conduction and storage electric field energy.
Though liquid dielectric has multiple function in the power variodenser, but have only the 5th directly relevant with " ", the liquid dielectric that the power variodenser is adopted has all required a general character, be that their free electrons are few, under the DC electric field effect, can produce a transient current, as not being to carry out mass exchange because of self sex change or with the external world, all can not continuous conduction, be to conduct and store electric field energy by " polarization ".The operating frequency of power variodenser (the clutch number of times of two electrode unit interval) is lower, be no more than 20Hz/s, even be lower than 1Hz/s, and the power variodenser is " voltage lifting mechanism ", therefore the impedance of wishing liquid dielectric can be in that satisfy should be big as far as possible under the prerequisite of required dielectric constant, with transfiguration efficient that improves the power variodenser and the neighborhood effect that reduces the electrode clutch.
The liquid dielectric material can be divided into nature and form and artificial synthetic two classes, have hundreds of more than, but also constantly have new material to produce, experiment shows, most liquid dielectric materials all can be used for the power variodenser, but have " optimum formula " for a concrete power variodenser.
Gas (comprising mist) dielectric also can be used for the power variodenser, its significant advantage be can make the quality of power variodenser lighter, the operation power consumption littler, but gaseous dielectric is little because of quality, density is low, the ability of conduction and storage electric field energy is far from liquid dielectric comparable, in addition gaseous dielectric is to the having relatively high expectations of storage container, so gaseous dielectric only is applicable to the occasion of special requirement
Solve the problem of withstand voltage of power variodenser again---
Experimental results show that, after having liquid dielectric between power variodenser two electrodes, the withstand voltage of several volts to tens volts generally just can be arranged, this means the application scenario not high at voltage request, that power requirement is little, also be feasible only with a kind of liquid dielectric, but also there is the shortcoming that leakage current is big, temperature influence is big in the dielectric power variodenser of single liquid simultaneously except having withstand voltage low, deficiency that power is little, be difficult to obtain high efficiency, high stable, high-power power variodenser.
In order to obtain the good power variodenser of high efficiency, high stable, high power and universality, must improve withstand voltage, that improves the power variodenser withstand voltagely has a following meaning:
1, according to formula: W=CV
2/ 2, there are quadratic relation in energy W on the capacitor C and the voltage V on it, and voltage promotes one times, and energy improves four times.
2, electric field generator is super generator, and its energy exceeds part and is embodied in the lifting " potential energy ", therefore, improves the withstand voltage of power variodenser, promptly means it is to improve super power output.
3, the single-phase crest voltage of China's AC network is higher than 300V, need cut AC network as super generator, just the withstand voltage of power variodenser must be brought up to more than the 400V.
4, for to " carbon-free economy " smooth transition, finally eliminate the magnetic field generation system, just require the withstand voltage of power variodenser to reach more than the 200V at least.
5, high voltage helps transformation of electrical energy.Though transformation of electrical energy technology now is ripe, transformation of electrical energy is lossy, rule of thumb, and better economy when the input voltage of transformation of electrical energy is 200V.
6, improve the withstand voltage of power variodenser, help widening its universality.From now on, super generator is with a machine one usefulness, several usefulness of a machine, one family at the most, a unit, and even the form appearance of a shared machine of building, therefore, require the power variodenser to design its output voltage and power output according to the desirability of power consumption equipment and electricity consumption occasion.
At present, improving the withstand voltage effective way of power variodenser, is to generate a layer insulating at surface of metal electrode, forms " insulation dielectric ".Insulation dielectric has following function and significance in the power variodenser:
1, transmits voltage of electric field, electric charge " is stopped " on electrode.
2, substitute the status of liquid dielectric " storage electric field energy ", alleviate " burden " of liquid dielectric, thereby reduce requirement liquid dielectric.
3, insulation dielectric will make two electrodes that positive and negative branch is arranged, and the electrode that has insulation dielectric is " positive electrode ", and another electrode is " negative electrode ", and is consistent with the DC generator essence of electric field generator.
4, make when positive and negative electrode separates, charge energy is no resistance (can ignore) migration on two electrodes.
5, enable pass is crossed the adjustment insulated electro and is separated the thickness of matter, obtains different withstand voltage.
6, enable pass is crossed the adjustment insulated electro and is separated the thickness of matter, obtains different specific volumes.
---in a word, insulation dielectric can make two electrodes set up ideal electric field.
Though insulation dielectric can be on multiple metal, obtain with multiple insulating material and several different methods, but by comparison, all be not so good as directly to generate oxide-film (this method custom is called as " energizing ") by " electrolysis " on aluminum metal, promptly the conventional method of insulation dielectric is come well:
1, the aluminum metal of the earth is contained abundantly, can satisfy the human needs of popularizing super generator.
2, aluminum metal is easy to reclaim, and fine aluminium can directly make with electrolysis, is well suited with one's place with super system aluminium, can reduce the cost of power variodenser greatly.
3, the withstand voltage of the insulation dielectric of fine aluminium generation can obtain different withstand voltages and different specific volumes by the thickness of controlling insulation dielectric up to more than the 600V.
4, be used for the electrolyte that fine aluminium generates insulation dielectric, can be directly use when power variodenser liquid dielectric, thereby insulation dielectric is had " repairings " effect, can make the self-healing that is in operation of the insulation dielectric of breakage.
5, the surface area that increases behind the aluminium electrode corrosion is up to tens of times, and other metal can't be by comparison.
At last, solve the capacity problem of power variodenser---
Press the capacitor formula, increasing power variodenser capacity has three kinds of approach, promptly adopts the big dielectric of dielectric constant, the area that increases two electrodes and the spacing of dwindling two electrodes; Yet the power variodenser is " variodenser ", its capacity be in all the time from zero to full capacity, again from full capacity to zero variation repeatedly, be the function of time; Have again, increase the capacity of power variodenser, promptly mean it is power output improving the power variodenser, therefore, the method that increases power variodenser capacity also should comprise improve power output method interior.
The method of increase-volume of power variodenser and raising power output is as follows:
1, indent/embossing---in the surperficial indent/embossing of aluminum metal electrode, to increase its surface area.
2, corrosion---make the aluminum metal surface irregularity by etching process, to increase its surface area.
3, frequency division---" frequently " is defined as: the power variodenser rotates a week, positive and negative electrode clutch and once is " 1 frequently "; " frequency division " promptly is positive and negative electrode to be divided into some equal portions (can be even numbers, also can be odd number, but positive electrode can not be 1; The divider ratio of positive and negative electrode can be reciprocity, also can not wait), make it have (clutch) frequency of certain cycle.
The area correspondence of positive and negative electrode is divided into two, and each removes half, and making the cycle frequency of positive and negative electrode is 1, is called " 2 frequency division "; The area correspondence of positive and negative electrode is divided into four, wherein half of alternate in twos removal, second half links, and making the cycle frequency of positive and negative electrode is 2, is called " 4 frequency division "; The area correspondence of positive and negative electrode is divided into eight, wherein half of alternate in twos removal, second half links, and making the cycle frequency of positive and negative electrode is 4, is called " 8 frequency division "; The rest may be inferred, and the area correspondence of positive and negative electrode is divided into some equal portions, wherein half of alternate in twos removal, and second half links, and forms " many frequency divisions ", to increase positive and negative electrode cycle frequency.
This shows, along with the increase of divider ratio, though the cycle frequency of positive and negative electrode also increases thereupon, be 1/2nd of divider ratio all the time, and frequency division is the citation form of positive and negative electrode, not frequency division then the power variodenser can not work.
4, frequency multiplication---the area correspondence of positive and negative electrode is divided into two, and negative electrode is removed half, and the two halves of positive electrode are drawn by leading-out terminal separately respectively, and making the cycle frequency of positive and negative electrode is 2, is called " 2 frequency divisions, 2 frequencys multiplication "; The area correspondence of positive and negative electrode is divided into four, the alternate in twos removal of negative electrode half (second half links) wherein, positive electrode links in twos at interval, form two positive electrodes, and draw by leading-out terminal separately respectively, making the cycle frequency of positive and negative electrode is 4, is called " 4 frequency divisions, 2 frequencys multiplication "; The area correspondence of positive and negative electrode is divided into eight, the alternate in twos removal of negative electrode half (second half links) wherein, positive electrode links in twos at interval, form two positive electrodes, and draw by leading-out terminal separately respectively, making the cycle frequency of positive and negative electrode is 8, is called " 8 frequency divisions, 2 frequencys multiplication "; The rest may be inferred, the area correspondence of positive and negative electrode is divided into some (even numbers) equal portions, the alternate in twos removal of negative electrode half (second half links) wherein, positive electrode links in twos at interval, form two positive electrodes, and draw by leading-out terminal separately respectively, the cycle frequency of positive and negative electrode is equated with divider ratio.
Obviously, the efficient of frequency multiplication is doubled than frequency division, and this can support utilization " room and time " owing to " frequency division " stayed half, but frequency multiplication has two groups of positive electrodes, need just can manifest effect under the support of " external circuit "; Two groups of positive electrodes of frequency multiplication can not be in parallel, and back in parallel power variodenser can not be worked, output or output along separate routes but two groups of positive electrodes can be connected, and its effect is just like following " string is frequently ", " frequency division is along separate routes " and " string frequency division road " etc.
5, string is frequently---the area correspondence of positive and negative electrode is divided into two, negative electrode is removed wherein half, two positive electrodes are drawn by leading-out terminal separately respectively, and derivative two positive electrodes are together in series by electronic switches such as diodes, form " 2 strings frequently " booster circuit; The area correspondence of positive and negative electrode is divided into three, negative electrode remove wherein 2/3rds, three positive electrodes are drawn by leading-out terminal separately respectively, and derivative three positive electrodes are together in series in proper order by electronic switches such as diodes again, form " 3 strings frequently " booster circuit.The rest may be inferred, can make " many strings frequently " boost power variodenser, in order to widen the operating voltage range of power variodenser, in the hope of exchanging maximum power output for minimum input power.
" string frequently " method is based on following principle:
(1) according to formula: Q=CV, the electric weight Q on the capacitor C is the function of voltage V on it, capacitor C all can produce same electric weight Q with the different products of voltage V;
(2) capacitor C is the function of area A and DIELECTRIC CONSTANT, and available formula is expressed as: C=ε A, the substitution following formula gets: Q=ε AV, this formula shows: when area A was constant, DIELECTRIC CONSTANT all can produce same electric weight Q with the different products of voltage V.
According to above two formulas, only need positive electrode with all participations " string frequently ", carry out proportioning by paramount withstand voltage, the low capacity of low withstand voltage, big capacity step by step, can obtain low input promoted and be high output voltage, promptly exchange the effect of peak power output for minimum power input.
6, frequency division is along separate routes---and the area correspondence of positive and negative electrode is divided into two, and negative electrode is removed wherein half, and two (withstand voltage different with capacity) positive electrodes are drawn by leading-out terminal separately respectively, forms 2 tunnel outputs (be called: 2 frequency divisions 2 are along separate routes); The area correspondence of positive and negative electrode is divided into three, and 2/3rds, three (withstand voltage different with capacity) positive electrodes that negative electrode is removed are wherein drawn by leading-out terminal separately respectively, form 3 tunnel outputs (3 frequency divisions 3 along separate routes); The area correspondence of positive and negative electrode is divided into four, wherein half of the alternate in twos removal of negative electrode, four (withstand voltage different with capacity, but wherein corresponding two are identical) positive electrode drawn by leading-out terminal separately respectively, wherein two withstand voltage corresponding positive electrodes identical with capacity form " 4 frequency divisions 3 along separate routes " output by the external circuit parallel connection; The rest may be inferred, can make the power variodenser of " the many shunt of many frequency divisions " output.
7, string frequency division road---the area correspondence of positive and negative electrode is divided into four, the alternate in twos removal of negative electrode half (second half links) wherein, four (withstand voltage different with capacity) positive electrodes are drawn by leading-out terminal separately respectively, derivative four positive electrodes are divided into two adjacent groups, two positive electrodes of every group are together in series by electronic switches such as diodes respectively, and output circuit boosts to form " 2 strings are 2 shunt frequently "; The area correspondence of positive and negative electrode is divided into six, wherein half of the alternate in twos removal of negative electrode, six (withstand voltage different with capacity) positive electrodes are drawn by leading-out terminal separately respectively, derivative six positive electrodes are divided into adjacent three groups, two positive electrodes of every group are together in series by electronic switches such as diodes respectively, and output circuit boosts to form " 2 strings are 3 shunt frequently "; The rest may be inferred, can make the power variodenser of " the multichannel string frequently " output.
8, combination---the positive and negative electrode (negative electrode Duo than positive electrode usually) that several physical dimensions are the identical formation " combination " that stacks up, the capacity that makes the power variodenser is the capacity sum of several positive and negative electrodes.
9, load in mixture---with several withstand voltage " combination " different with capacity, be contained in the same encapsulation, form the multichannel power output variodenser of forming by a plurality of combinations.
10, speed-raising---improve the speed of service of power variodenser, with the clutch speed of raising positive and negative electrode, thus the power output of raising power variodenser.
The speed of service of power variodenser is what allow to change, and in other words, the energy output of electric field generator can be controlled, and by adjusting the speed of service of power variodenser at random, its time change power consumption with load is adapted.
From the method for above 3 to 10 described increase-volumes and raising power output, be not difficult to find out that the power variodenser not only has the function of " generator of electric energy ", and have the intension of " electrical energy transformer " that it integrates both, is one " super power supply ".
Experience and calculating shows, when positive electrode (200V) specific volume of power variodenser reaches 0.2 μ F/cm
2When above, just can realize super generating, and, can make the varying capacity of (200V) positive electrode reach 20 μ F/cm fully by above-mentioned increase-volume and the method that improves power output
2More than the s, 1L cubic power variodenser can provide 200W above electric energy, and therefore, electric field generator also is little, a high-power super generator of volume.
So far, the power variodenser can have three kinds of forms because of the dielectric difference:
1, single liquid dielectric power variodenser.The electrode of such power variodenser does not have positive and negative branch (because the electrolysis of direct voltage, after first the use, electrode surface can produce a little barrier layer unavoidably, this barrier layer in fact also belongs to insulation dielectric, objectively make two electrodes that positive and negative branch has also been arranged), should adopt the high impedance liquid dielectric; Electrode can soak entirely/partly be immersed in the liquid dielectric; Electrode can be made the form of frequency division/frequency multiplication, because liquid dielectric is withstand voltage low, positive electrode should not adopt the string form of output frequently; The clutch mode of electrode has: " clutch of flowing " that liquid dielectric flows in two electrodes; An electrode is fixed (fixed electrode), and an electrode rotates " the rotation clutch " of (moving electrode).
2, single insulating dielectric power variodenser.The inventor once had " mercury variodenser " patent, and was apparent, this patent utilization mercury be the characteristics of liquid metals.The electrode of mercury variodenser has positive and negative branch, and the electrode that has insulation dielectric is a positive electrode, and mercury is negative electrode; Because mercury is good conductor, positive electrode can only partly be immersed in the mercury; Positive electrode can be made 1 frequency division/2 frequencys multiplication/string form frequently; The clutch mode of mercury variodenser only is suitable for (mercury) mobile clutch.Because mercury is poisonous rare metal, and aggressivity is big, so the universality of mercury variodenser is poor; But because life-span of mercury is long, good stability and do not have pitch problems with positive electrode, so the mercury variodenser still can be used on the occasion of special requirement.
3, two dielectrics (liquid dielectric and insulation dielectric) power variodenser
The electrode of two dielectric power variodensers has positive and negative branch, the electrode that has insulation dielectric is a positive electrode, and another electrode is a negative electrode, and positive and negative electrode can soak entirely/partly be immersed in the liquid dielectric, because the existence of insulation dielectric, the impedance of liquid dielectric allows to obtain less; Positive and negative electrode is fit to make frequency division/frequency multiplication/forms such as string frequency not to be limit, and suits to make up and load in mixture; The clutch mode of positive and negative electrode can be taked the clutch/rotation clutch etc. of flowing.Two dielectric power variodensers are the typical cases of power variodenser because of having fabulous universality.
The clutch mode of power variodenser positive and negative electrode translation clutch, swing clutch etc. can also be arranged, but this type of transfiguration mode has the suspicion of " taking a shortcut " principle of violating engineering mechanics, so owe few universality except that mobile clutch/rotation clutch.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the power variodenser
Another object of the present invention is to provide little, the withstand voltage height of operation power consumption, power variodenser capacious;
Another purpose of the present invention is to provide draw materials wide, good recovery, easy care, the life-span is long, cost is low power variodenser;
The power variodenser that provides universality good is provided a further object of the present invention;
Final purpose of the present invention is to create conditions for electric energy becomes " separate energy source ".
The power variodenser is because of dielectric difference, frequency division mode difference, clutch mode difference, shape difference, and input, the way of output are not equal, a variety of forms can be arranged, below only choose several representative forms, and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the structure of power variodenser of the present invention, operation principle, technical characterictic etc. are carried out comprehensive description.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is 2 frequency division positive electrodes and negative electrode structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is 4 frequency division positive electrodes and negative electrode structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is 8 frequency division positive electrodes and negative electrode structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is 4 frequency divisions, 2 frequency multiplication positive electrodes and negative electrode structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is 8 frequency divisions, 2 frequency multiplication positive electrodes and negative electrode structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is 3 frequency divisions, 3 strings positive electrode and negative electrode structure schematic diagrames frequently.
Fig. 7 is 4 frequency divisions 3 positive electrode and negative electrode structure schematic diagrames along separate routes.
Fig. 8 is a jar type power variodenser structural representation.
Fig. 9 is a slot type power variodenser structural representation.
Figure 10 is the positive electrode and the negative electrode structure schematic diagram of half slot type power variodenser.
Figure 11 is half slot type power variodenser structural representation.
Figure 12 is the tubular 2 frequency division positive electrodes and the negative electrode structure schematic diagram of cylinder type power variodenser.
Figure 13 is a cylindrical electrode drum-shape power variodenser structural representation.
Figure 14 is the disc 2 frequency division positive electrodes and the negative electrode structure schematic diagram of cylinder type power variodenser.
Figure 15 is a disc electrode cylinder type power variodenser structural representation.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of 2 frequency division positive electrodes and negative electrode, and this figure comprises (A), (B), (C) three width of cloth figure, is respectively the front view and the end view of disc 2 frequency division positive electrodes and negative electrode, and the positive and negative electrode coincidence pattern.
Referring to Fig. 1 (A), as shown be the front view and the end view of 2 frequency division positive electrodes, A11 is a semicircular arc positive electrode among the figure, and the material of positive electrode is an aluminum metal, and the surface through indent/embossing and corrosion pre-treatment, forms insulation dielectric through the technology of energizing earlier again; A12 is a dead ring, and the material of dead ring is plastics, and its effect one is fixing positive electrode, the 2nd, make maintenance one determining deviation between the electrode; A13 is " an electrode label ", and the electrode label has only positive electrode to have, and negative electrode is label not, and the electrode label is made up of numeral and letter, and the electrode label of this figure is " 2F1 ", wherein " 2F " expression " 2 frequency division ", and mantissa " 1 " has only a kind of positive electrode in this expression;
Referring to Fig. 1 (B), as shown be the front view and the end view of negative electrode, B11 is a semicircular arc negative electrode among the figure, and the material of negative electrode is an aluminum metal, and the surface needs to handle through overpressure grooves/embossing and etching process; B12 is a locating ring, and the material of locating ring is identical with negative electrode, and its effect one is to connect and fixing negative electrode, the 2nd, make to keep a determining deviation between the electrode, and the 3rd, link with rotating shaft; B13 is an axis hole;
Referring to Fig. 1 (C), as shown be the coincidence pattern of positive electrode and negative electrode, apparent, negative electrode rotates a week and a positive electrode clutch once among the figure, and promptly the cycle frequency is 1.
Referring to Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of 4 frequency division positive electrodes and negative electrode, and this figure comprises (A), (B), (C) three width of cloth figure, is respectively the front view and the end view of disc 4 frequency division positive electrodes and negative electrode, and the positive and negative electrode coincidence pattern.
Referring to Fig. 2 (A), as shown be the front view and the end view of 4 frequency division positive electrodes, A21 is two symmetrical quadrant arc positive electrodes among the figure, and the label of two positive electrodes of this figure is " 4F1 ", and expression needs with external circuit they to be together in parallel; A22 is a dead ring;
Referring to Fig. 2 (B), as shown be the front view and the end view of 4 frequency division negative electrodes, B21 is two symmetrical quadrant arc negative electrodes that connect mutually among the figure; B22 is a locating ring; B23 is an axis hole;
Referring to Fig. 2 (C), as shown be the coincidence pattern of positive electrode and negative electrode, apparent, negative electrode rotates a week and positive electrode clutch secondary among the figure, and the cycle frequency is 2.
Referring to Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of 8 frequency division positive electrodes and negative electrode, and this figure comprises (A), (B), (C) three width of cloth figure, is respectively the front view and the end view of disc 8 frequency division positive electrodes and negative electrode, and the positive and negative electrode coincidence pattern.
Referring to Fig. 3 (A), as shown be the front view and the end view of 8 frequency division positive electrodes, A31 is four symmetries, 1/8th circular arc positive electrodes among the figure, and the label of four positive electrodes of this figure is " 8F1 ", and expression must all be together in parallel them with external circuit; A32 is a dead ring;
Referring to Fig. 3 (B), as shown be the front view and the end view of 8 frequency division negative electrodes, B31 is four symmetry 1/8th circular arc negative electrodes that connect mutually among the figure; B32 is a locating ring; B33 is an axis hole;
Referring to Fig. 3 (C), as shown be the coincidence pattern of positive electrode and negative electrode, apparent, negative electrode rotates the clutch four times of a week and positive electrode among the figure, and the cycle frequency is 4.
Referring to Fig. 4.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of 4 frequency divisions, 2 frequency multiplication positive electrodes and negative electrode, and this figure comprises (A), (B), (C) three width of cloth figure, is respectively the front view and the end view of disc 4 frequency divisions, 2 frequency multiplication positive electrodes and negative electrode, and the coincidence pattern of positive and negative electrode.
Referring to Fig. 4 (A), as shown be the front view and the end view of 4 frequency divisions, 2 frequency multiplication positive electrodes, A41 is four symmetrical quadrant arc positive electrodes among the figure, the label of four positive electrodes of this figure is in proper order: " 4F2B1 ", " 4F2B2 ", " 4F2B1 ", " 4F2B2 ", " 1 " and " 2 " appears in label mantissa, expression has two groups of positive electrodes, must be together in parallel with the external circuit positive electrode that label mantissa is identical, forms two positive electrodes; A42 is a dead ring;
Referring to Fig. 4 (B), as shown be the front view and the end view of 4 frequency division negative electrodes, B41 is two symmetrical quadrant arc negative electrodes that connect mutually among the figure; B42 is a locating ring; B43 is an axis hole;
Referring to Fig. 4 (C), as shown be the coincidence pattern of positive electrode and negative electrode, apparent, negative electrode rotates and a week amounts to clutch four times with two positive electrodes among the figure, and the cycle frequency is 4.
Referring to Fig. 5.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of 8 frequency divisions, 2 frequency multiplication positive electrodes and negative electrode, and this figure comprises (A), (B), (C) three width of cloth figure, is respectively the front view and the end view of disc 8 frequency divisions, 2 frequency multiplication positive electrodes and negative electrode, and the coincidence pattern of positive and negative electrode.
Referring to Fig. 5 (A), as shown be the front view and the end view of 8 frequency divisions, 2 frequency multiplication positive electrodes, A51 is eight symmetries, 1/8th circular arc positive electrodes among the figure, the label of eight positive electrodes of this figure is divided into two groups in twos at interval, label is respectively " 8F2B1 " and " 8F2B2 " and amounts to eight, and expression must be together in parallel with the positive electrode of external circuit with same numeral; A52 is a dead ring;
Referring to Fig. 5 (B), as shown be the front view and the end view of 8 frequency division negative electrodes, B51 is four symmetry 1/8th circular arc negative electrodes that connect mutually among the figure; B52 is a locating ring; B53 is an axis hole;
Referring to Fig. 5 (C), as shown be the coincidence pattern of positive electrode and negative electrode, apparent, negative electrode rotates and a week amounts to clutch eight times with two groups of positive electrodes among the figure, and the cycle frequency is 8.
Referring to Fig. 6.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of 3 frequency divisions, 3 string frequency positive electrodes and negative electrode, and this figure comprises (A), (B), (C) three width of cloth figure, is respectively the front view and the end view of disc 3 frequency divisions, 3 string frequency positive electrodes and negative electrode, and the coincidence pattern of positive and negative electrode.
Referring to Fig. 6 (A), as shown be 3 frequency divisions, 3 the strings front view and the end view of positive electrode frequently, A61 is three 1/3rd circular arc positive electrodes among the figure, the label of three positive electrodes of this figure is respectively: " 3C1 ", " 3C2 ", " 3C3 ", during practical application, electronic switches such as the external diode of palpus are connected three positive electrodes in proper order; A52 is a dead ring;
Referring to Fig. 6 (B), as shown be the front view and the end view of 3 frequency division negative electrodes, B61 is 1/3rd circular arc negative electrodes among the figure; B62 is a locating ring; B63 is an axis hole;
Referring to Fig. 6 (C), as shown be the coincidence pattern of positive electrode and negative electrode, can infer, negative electrode rotates a week among the figure, negative electrode and three each clutches of positive electrode 1 time, but three positive electrodes are series relationship, output for once, so its cycle frequency is 1.
Referring to Fig. 7.
Fig. 7 is 4 frequency divisions 3 positive electrode and negative electrode structure schematic diagrames along separate routes.This figure comprises (A), (B), (C) three width of cloth figure, is respectively the front view and the end view of disc 4 frequency divisions, 3 shunt positive electrodes and negative electrode, and the coincidence pattern of positive and negative electrode.
Referring to Fig. 7 (A), as shown be 4 frequency divisions 3 front view and the end view of positive electrode along separate routes, A71 is four quadrant arc positive electrodes among the figure, the label of four positive electrodes of this figure is respectively: " 4F1 ", " 4F2 ", " 4F1 ", " 4F3 ", during practical application, must be with two " 4F1 " parallel connections; A72 is a dead ring;
Referring to Fig. 7 (B), as shown be the front view and the end view of 4 frequency division negative electrodes; B71 is two symmetrical quadrant arc negative electrodes that connect mutually among the figure; A54 is a locating ring; A55 is an axis hole;
Referring to Fig. 7 (C), as shown be the coincidence pattern of positive electrode and negative electrode, can infer, negative electrode rotates a week and three each clutches of positive electrode 2 times among the figure, because output has three, so the cycle frequency is 6.
Referring to Fig. 8.
Fig. 8 is a jar type power variodenser structural representation.G81 is a tank body among the figure, and tank body comprises can body and cover, and tank body generally adopts insulating material such as plastics to make, and adopts metal material as need, then should connect, become the part of negative electrode with negative electrode, but must with isolation such as positive electrode and leading-out terminal thereof; G82 is the disc positive electrode, has drawn three among the figure; G83 is the leading-out terminal of positive electrode, after the identical circular arc positive electrode parallel connection of the electrode label of three disc positive electrodes, draw on cover by leading-out terminal, the quantity of leading-out terminal equates (load in mixture and then need meter in addition) at the most with the divider ratio of disc positive electrode, only drawn among the figure two, the electrode label all need mark on the leading-out terminal side on cover in addition; G84 is the disc negative electrode, has drawn four among the figure, and negative electrode is Duoed one than positive electrode; G85 is rotating shaft, and rotating shaft and all negative electrodes link, and is total exit of negative electrode; G86 is a bearing; G87 is a liquid dielectric, and its " waterline " is on disc;
Above-mentioned Fig. 1 extremely disc electrode shown in Figure 7 all is applicable to a jar type power variodenser, and capable of being combined/load in mixture;
The circular arc positive electrode leading-out terminal of jar type power variodenser is taked the form of drawing from cover without exception, with simplified structure and be convenient to detect, maintenance;
The negative electrode of jar type power variodenser is all taked the form of being drawn by rotating shaft, and single shaft stretches to, with simplified structure, prevent that liquid dielectric from leaking and improve functional reliability;
The power of jar type power variodenser, different because of volume, can accomplish tens kilowatts from tens watts, tens watts, a few hectowatt, several kilowatts always;
Jar type power variodenser is because of power difference, voltage difference, different along separate routes, and volume difference, application scenario are not equal, can be designed to a plurality of universal or special series of products;
Super power supply by the design of jar type power variodenser is applicable to all power such as computer, air-conditioning, refrigerator, washing machine, electric furnace, electric bicycle, battery vehicle, electric automobile at the electric equipment below tens kilowatts, and as household and power supply unit;
Because the electrode of jar type power variodenser needs horizontal positioned and height-limited, thus its separate unit power can not do excessive, but can many and use.
Referring to Fig. 9.
Fig. 9 is a slot type power variodenser structural representation.C91 is a cell body among the figure, and cell body can adopt insulating material such as plastics, fiberglass, pottery to make, and as adopting metal material, then should connect, become the part of negative electrode with negative electrode, but must with isolation such as positive electrode and leading-out terminal thereof; C92 is a lower rotary shaft, and C93 is a bearing, and lower rotary shaft and negative electrode link, all place in the groove, and be immersed in the liquid dielectric: C94 is last rotating shaft, and C95 is a bearing, last rotating shaft is placed on the cell body upper end, be twin shaft with cell body and stretch structure, contact liq dielectric: C96 is not a metal bracelet, and its effect one is the driving-chain as upper and lower axle, the 2nd, keeping upper and lower spindle guide: C97 is negative electrode, ten the disc negative electrodes that drawn altogether among the figure are divided into two groups, and two groups of negative electrodes all link with lower rotary shaft; C98 is a positive electrode, have eight disc positive electrodes among the figure, be divided into two groups, form " loading in mixture " power variodenser with two groups of negative electrodes: C99 is the leading-out terminal of positive electrode, after the frequency division circular arc positive electrode of disc positive electrode is pressed the parallel connection of electrode label, all draw in the cell body upper end by leading-out terminal (not contact liq dielectric), the quantity of leading-out terminal should conform to the kind number of electrode label, only drawn four signals among the figure, the electrode label all needs to mark on the leading-out terminal side in addition; C910 is a liquid dielectric, and waterline is in the upper end of electrode;
Above-mentioned Fig. 1 extremely positive electrode and negative electrode shown in Figure 7 all is applicable to the slot type power variodenser, and can " make up " or " loading in mixture ";
Why the negative electrode of slot type power variodenser takes the form of being drawn by metal bracelet and last rotating shaft (twin shaft is stretched); be for fear of perforate on cell body; because leaking, liquid dielectric not only is difficult to repair; also need " shutdown " during repairing, this type of thing does not preferably take place for " generator ".
The positive electrode leading-out terminal of slot type power variodenser is taked the form of drawing from cell body upper end without exception, is for the ease of detecting and maintenance;
It is very big that the power of slot type power variodenser can be done, and takes up an area of 2m
2The power of separate unit slot type power variodenser can reach more than the 100kW, therefore, be suitable for use in the occasion that building, communal facility etc. need centrally connected power supply with the super generator of slot type power variodenser design.
Though the power of slot type power variodenser is big, its upper and lower rotating shaft is " weak link " by the structure of chain drive and conduction eventually, needs to handle especially.
Referring to Figure 10.
Figure 10 is the 2 frequency division positive electrodes of half slot type power variodenser and the structural representation of negative electrode.This figure comprises (A), (B), (C) three width of cloth figure, is respectively the front view and the end view of disc 2 frequency division positive electrodes and negative electrode, and the positive and negative electrode coincidence pattern.
Referring to Figure 10 (A), as shown be the front view and the end view of 2 frequency division positive electrodes of half slot type power variodenser, A101 is a semicircular arc positive electrode among the figure, A102 is the semicircular arc dead ring;
Referring to Figure 10 (B), as shown be the front view and the end view of half slot type power variodenser negative electrode, B101 is a semicircular arc negative electrode among the figure, and B102 is a locating ring, and B103 is an axis hole;
Referring to Figure 10 (C), as shown be the coincidence pattern of positive electrode and negative electrode, negative electrode rotates a week and positive electrode clutch once among the figure, and the cycle frequency is 1.
The 2 frequency division positive electrodes of this figure and negative electrode and the 2 frequency division positive electrodes of above-mentioned Fig. 1 are compared the positive electrode that following difference: this figure is arranged with negative electrode littler than the positive electrode radian of Fig. 1, and dead ring is a semicircular arc, from the distance of axis hole; The negative electrode of this figure is littler and from the distance of axis hole than the negative electrode radian of Fig. 1.
Referring to Figure 11.
Figure 11 is the structural representation of half slot type power variodenser.BC111 is a cell body among the figure, and BC112 is rotating shaft, and BC113 is a bearing, and BC114 is a negative electrode, and BC115 is a positive electrode, and BC116 is the positive electrode leading-out terminal, and BC117 is a liquid dielectric;
Compare with the slot type power variodenser of Figure 10, the difference of half slot type power variodenser is: 1, the waterline of liquid dielectric can prevent effectively that liquid dielectric from leaking below rotating shaft and bearing; 2, half slot type power variodenser has only a rotating shaft, has removed last rotating shaft and chain etc., not only simplifies the structure, and reliability also greatly improves; 3, positive electricity semicircular arc very lacks half than the positive electrode area of slot type power variodenser, so power is also corresponding reduces; 4, the rotary resistance of half slot type power variodenser is littler than slot type power variodenser, and the leeway that obtains power by " speed-raising " is arranged; 5, half slot type power variodenser also can take above-mentioned Fig. 1 to the positive electrode shown in Figure 7 and the structure of negative electrode, but the area of positive electrode and negative electrode, radian, and with the distance of axis hole wait all should with the structural similarity of Figure 10, observe the principle that prevents the liquid dielectric leakage; 6, half slot type power variodenser structure is simple and clear, and reliable operation is convenient to safeguard and maintenance; 7,, one group of negative electrode Rotate 180 ° can be formed the form that two groups of negative electrodes and positive electrode replace clutch in order to reduce running resistance and to improve output waveform; 8, many half slot type power variodensers collaborative work by adjusting the angle of negative electrode, can obtain comparatively desirable direct current output waveform;
It is very big that the power of half slot type power variodenser can be done, and is fit to be used for designing the super generator of centrally connected power supply formula.
Referring to Figure 12.
Figure 12 is the tubular 2 frequency division positive electrodes and the negative electrode structure schematic diagram of cylinder type power variodenser.This figure comprises (A), (B), (C) three width of cloth figure, is respectively the expanded view and the moulding end view of tubular 2 frequency division positive electrodes and negative electrode, and positive and negative electrode overlaps end view.
Referring to Figure 12 (A), as shown be the expanded view and the moulding end view of tubular 2 frequency division positive electrodes, A121 is the expanded view of tubular 2 frequency division positive electrodes among the figure, A122 is two positive electrodes, the electrode label is respectively 2F1,2F2, A123 is two insulating tapes, and A124 is the moulding end view of tubular 2 frequency division positive electrodes;
Referring to Figure 12 (B), as shown be the expanded view and the moulding end view of tubular negative electrode, B121 is the expanded view of tubular negative electrode among the figure, and B122 is a negative electrode, and B123 is the moulding end view of tubular negative electrode;
Referring to Figure 12 (C), as shown be the coincidence end view of tubular 2 frequency division positive electrodes and negative electrode, drawn a negative electrode among the figure more, two negative electrodes are around positive electrode, and and positive electrode between leave (dielectric flows for liquid) gap.
Referring to Figure 13.
Figure 13 is a cylindrical electrode cylinder type power variodenser structural representation.GT131 is a cylindrical shell among the figure, the material of cylindrical shell is insulating material such as plastics, GT132 is (three) tubular negative electrode, GT133 is the hold concurrently exit in parallel of tubular negative electrode of right axle shaft, GT134 is (two) 2 frequency division tubular positive electrodes, GT135 is the in parallel leading-out terminals of two tubular positive electrodes with the electrode label, this leading-out terminal is presented as a conductive ring in cylindrical shell one side, GT136 is a left half axle, and two another the exits in parallel of tubular positive electrode of holding concurrently with the electrode label, GT137 is a liquid dielectric, and the waterline of liquid dielectric is below tubular axis;
The outstanding feature of cylindrical electrode cylinder type power variodenser is---positive and negative electrode is motionless relatively, but rotate by cylindrical shell, liquid dielectric is flowed naturally because of gravity between positive and negative electrode, formed the transfiguration form of " clutch of flowing ", just derived following characteristics thus: 1, the tubular positive electrode is preferably taked 2 frequency division structures, too much as tubular positive electrode frequency division, as then can to cause many leading-out terminals to roll complex situations with cylindrical shell; 2, do not have bearing on the cylindrical shell, avoided the difficult problem that liquid dielectric leaks; 3, the rolling speed of cylindrical shell can not be too high, exceeds with the flowing velocity of liquid dielectric; 4, the impedance of liquid dielectric is optionally lower; 5, cylindrical shell is " airtight container ", is difficult to maintenance after the moulding, has the anxiety of " disposable " use;
Cylindrical electrode cylinder type power variodenser simple structure, few with material, cost is low, reliable operation, because of being subject to the shaping difficulty of electrode, the increase space of electrode, the factors such as adjustment degree of rotating speed, the separate unit power of cylindrical electrode cylinder type power variodenser is not allowed to be easy to do greatly, but still can be designed to the standing super generator of family, building and communal facility.
Referring to Figure 14.
Figure 14 is the disc 2 frequency division positive electrodes of cylinder type power variodenser and the structural representation of negative electrode.This figure comprises (A), (B), (C) three width of cloth figure, is respectively the front view and the end view of disc 2 frequency division positive electrodes and negative electrode, and the positive and negative electrode coincidence pattern.
Referring to Figure 14 (A), as shown be the front view and the end view of disc 2 frequency division positive electrodes, A141 is two semicircle positive electrodes among the figure, and the electrode label is respectively 2F1,2F2, and A142 is a dead ring;
Referring to Figure 14 (B), as shown be the front view and the end view of disc negative electrode, B141 is a disc negative electrode among the figure, and B142 is a locating ring, and B143 is an axis hole;
Referring to Figure 14 (C), as shown be the coincidence pattern of positive electrode and negative electrode, the position relative fixed of positive and negative electrode among the figure.
Referring to Figure 15.
Figure 15 is the structural representation of disc electrode cylinder type power variodenser.GP151 is a cylindrical shell among the figure, the material of cylindrical shell is insulating material such as plastics, GP152 is two groups up and down, every group of each five semicircle positive electrode, GP153 is the identical positive electrode of five the electrode labels in a top leading-out terminal in parallel, this leading-out terminal such as figure are presented as a conductive ring on cylindrical shell, GP154 is the identical positive electrode of following five an electrode labels leading-out terminal in parallel, this leading-out terminal such as figure are presented as another conductive ring on cylindrical shell, GP155 is six disc negative electrodes, GP156 is an axle, negative electrode links with axle and is drawn by axle, and GP157 is a liquid dielectric, and the waterline of liquid dielectric is below axle;
The characteristics of disc electrode cylinder type power variodenser, basic identical with above-mentioned cylindrical electrode cylinder type power variodenser, different is, the contradiction that the former electrode forming difficulty, electrode increase space, rotating speed adjustment degree etc. is big less than the latter, therefore, it is bigger that the separate unit power of disc electrode cylinder type power variodenser can be done, and is fit to be designed to the standing super generator of family, building and communal facility.
Claims (7)
1. the power variodenser comprises the positive electrode that has insulation dielectric, negative electrode, liquid dielectric; Described positive electrode and negative electricity be disc, tubular very; Described positive electrode is parallel with negative electrode and gapped; Described positive electrode and negative electricity be frequency division/frequency multiplication/string frequency/frequency division shunt/string frequency division road very; The positive electrode and the negative electricity of described power variodenser very make up/load in mixture; Described power variodenser also comprises rotating shaft, bearing; Described power variodenser is jar type/grooved/half a grooved/cylindrical electrode cylinder type/disc electrode cylinder type; The transfiguration mode of described power variodenser is for rotating the clutch/clutch of flowing;
According to claim 1 positive electrode and negative electrode through overpressure grooves/embossing and the corrosion pre-treatment;
3. positive electrode has the electrode label and draws by leading-out terminal separately according to claim 1;
4. negative electrode and rotating shaft link and are the negative electrode exit according to claim 1;
5. cylindrical electrode cylinder type and disc electrode cylinder type power variodenser do not have bearing according to claim 1;
6. liquid dielectric is a gaseous dielectric according to claim 1;
7. the transfiguration mode of power variodenser is translation clutch/swing clutch according to claim 1.
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| CN2010105822396A CN102035433A (en) | 2010-12-10 | 2010-12-10 | Power variable capacitor |
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| CN2010105822396A CN102035433A (en) | 2010-12-10 | 2010-12-10 | Power variable capacitor |
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| NL7702944A (en) * | 1977-03-18 | 1978-09-20 | Stamm Robert | Generator for wind driven electricity generator - drives shaft at constant speed in first stage and then fitting electrostatic dynamo |
| RO102439B1 (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1993-03-01 | Rotative, capacitive pump of electric potential | |
| CN2492006Y (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2002-05-15 | 张光坦 | Variable-capacitance generator |
| CN1485973A (en) * | 2003-08-09 | 2004-03-31 | 董彦才 | Local shielding cavity rotating electric field generator |
| CN101478261A (en) * | 2009-01-21 | 2009-07-08 | 王宏戈 | Electrostatic induction electricity generator |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL7702944A (en) * | 1977-03-18 | 1978-09-20 | Stamm Robert | Generator for wind driven electricity generator - drives shaft at constant speed in first stage and then fitting electrostatic dynamo |
| RO102439B1 (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1993-03-01 | Rotative, capacitive pump of electric potential | |
| CN2492006Y (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2002-05-15 | 张光坦 | Variable-capacitance generator |
| CN1485973A (en) * | 2003-08-09 | 2004-03-31 | 董彦才 | Local shielding cavity rotating electric field generator |
| CN101478261A (en) * | 2009-01-21 | 2009-07-08 | 王宏戈 | Electrostatic induction electricity generator |
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Application publication date: 20110427 |