CN102035273A - High-starting-torque permanent magnet motor with series characteristic - Google Patents
High-starting-torque permanent magnet motor with series characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- CN102035273A CN102035273A CN2009101964126A CN200910196412A CN102035273A CN 102035273 A CN102035273 A CN 102035273A CN 2009101964126 A CN2009101964126 A CN 2009101964126A CN 200910196412 A CN200910196412 A CN 200910196412A CN 102035273 A CN102035273 A CN 102035273A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-starting-torque permanent magnet motor with series characteristic, which relates to the technical field of permanent magnet motors and solves the problem of the absence of the series characteristic in the prior art. The permanent magnet motor comprises a stator, a rotor and at least one pair of permanent magnet poles, wherein the rotor is sleeved in the stator and consists of an armature core and a revolving shaft which are coaxially sleeved with each other; the armature core is provided with an armature groove which is opened radially outwards and is used for embedding an armature winding; the permanent magnet poles are axisymmetrically fixed on the inner wall of the stator; and an air gap is formed between each permanent magnet pole and the rotor. The permanent magnet motor is characterized in that: each permanent magnet pole consists of an additional magnetic pole and magnetic steel which are jointed with each other; the entire permanent magnet pole is arc-shaped; and the magnetic conductivity of the additional magnetic pole is far higher than that of the magnetic steel. The permanent magnet motor has series characteristic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technology of magneto, particularly relate to a kind of technology with high start torque magneto of series characteristic.
Background technology
DC (servo) motor is widely used in the automatic control system as responding driving element fast, and automatic control system has a lot of occasions all to require DC (servo) motor to have bigger detent torque and capability of fast response.In order to satisfy the needs that start, quicken, DC (servo) motor also must have higher overload capacity in addition.
In DC (servo) motor, the torque of motor and armature diameter square, armature length, specific electric load and air gap flux density be directly proportional; Under given conditions, the mechanical time constant of motor is directly proportional with the moment of inertia of armature, with square being inversely proportional to of air gap flux density; The acceleration and the torque of motor are directly proportional, and are inversely proportional to moment of inertia.
In sum, improve torque, improve acceleration and reduce time constant (promptly improving detent torque, overload capacity and capability of fast response), all must improve air gap flux density.One of shortcoming of present DC (servo) motor maximum is that its permanent magnet flux is a steady state value, only has and sharp (shunt excitation), separate excitation (separate excitation) characteristic, can not utilize big electric current to produce enough big air gap flux density as series excitation (series excitation) motor.Therefore,, must increase motor volume, make its purposes restricted greatly, particularly can not be used for the occasion of requirement high start torque in order to improve its detent torque, overload capacity and capability of fast response.
Summary of the invention
At the defective that exists in the above-mentioned prior art, technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind ofly can utilize big electric current to produce enough big air gap flux density, thereby improves the high start torque magneto with series characteristic of its detent torque, overload capacity and capability of fast response.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of high start torque magneto provided by the present invention with series characteristic, comprise stator, rotor, at least one pair of permanent magnetism magnetic pole, described rotor is sheathed in the stator, armature core and rotating shaft by coaxial socket are formed, described armature core is provided with the armature slot of opening radially outward, be used to embed armature winding, each permanent magnetism magnetic pole axial symmetry is fixed in the inwall of described stator, and and has air gap between the described rotor, it is characterized in that: described permanent magnetism magnetic pole is formed by interpole and a magnet steel joint of a high permeability, and its integral body is curved, and the permeability of described interpole is much larger than the permeability of described magnet steel.
High start torque magneto with series characteristic provided by the invention, because permanent magnetism magnetic pole is made up of magnet steel and interpole, and the permeability of interpole is much larger than the permeability of magnet steel, generation increases the magnetic magnetic potential to the magnetic effect that increases that is produced when utilizing armature reaction to the magnet steel demagnetizing effect to interpole, make the total magnetic flux of permanent magnetism magnetic pole significantly increase along with the increase of load, thereby motor is obtained and series characteristic like the series excitation formula electric machinery, make motor can utilize big electric current to produce enough big air gap flux density, thereby improve its detent torque, overload capacity and capability of fast response.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of the magneto of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the magnet steel characteristic curve that magneto zero load, load degaussing and the load of the embodiment of the invention increases magnetic;
Fig. 3 is the distribution map of the magneto armature reaction magnetic potential of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the saturation plot of the magneto interpole of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the each several part magnetic flux figure of the corresponding armature supply of magneto of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with description of drawings embodiments of the invention are described in further detail, but present embodiment is not limited to the present invention, every employing analog structure of the present invention and similar variation thereof all should be listed protection scope of the present invention in.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of high start torque magneto that the embodiment of the invention provided with series characteristic, comprise stator 1, rotor, at least one pair of permanent magnetism magnetic pole, described rotor is sheathed in the stator 1, armature core 7 and rotating shaft 8 by coaxial socket are formed, described armature core 7 is provided with the armature slot 5 of opening radially outward, be used to embed armature winding, each permanent magnetism magnetic pole axial symmetry is fixed in the inwall of described stator 1, and and has air gap 4 between the described rotor, it is characterized in that: described permanent magnetism magnetic pole is engaged by an interpole 3 and a magnet steel 2 and forms, its integral body is curved, described interpole 3 is made by high permeability materials, and its permeability is much larger than the permeability of described magnet steel 2.
Described magnet steel 2 and annex magnetic pole 3 are all curved, the radian (mechanical angle) of described magnet steel 2 and annex magnetic pole 3, multiply by the electrical degree that number of pole-pairs is magnet steel 2 and annex magnetic pole 3 again, the electrical degree of described permanent magnetism magnetic pole is the electrical degree sum of magnet steel 2 and annex magnetic pole 3, electrical degree by regulating magnet steel 2 and annex magnetic pole 3 shared ratio in the electrical degree of whole permanent magnetism magnetic pole, be the power of scalable series characteristic, thereby regulate the size of detent torque.
The operation principle of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
As shown in Figure 1, establish in the permanent magnetism magnetic pole two ends, magnet steel one end is that A, interpole one end are C, and magnet steel and interpole joint are B;
Fig. 2 is the magneto zero load of the embodiment of the invention, load degaussing and load increase the magnet steel performance diagram of magnetic, axis D and H among this figure are respectively magnetic flux density and magnetic field intensity, intersection points B r and Hc are respectively magnet steel residual magnetic induction (remanent magnetism) and coercive force, curve D-H is the magnet steel demagnetization curve, curve PC, it is unloaded that PA and PB are respectively, load degaussing and load increase magnetic characteristic curve, curve PC, the intersection point of PA and PB and magnet steel demagnetization curve D-H is respectively the C among Fig. 1, A, B, it is unloaded accordingly, the air gap flux density that load degaussing and load increase magnetic is respectively BgO, BgA, BgB;
Fig. 3 is the distribution map of the magneto armature reaction magnetic potential of the embodiment of the invention, among this figure 2,3, A, B, C are corresponding with sign among Fig. 1 respectively, X is that armature reaction magnetic potential, Y are that load demagnetization magnetic potential, Z are that load increases the magnetic magnetic potential, the direction of arrow is flow direction, and θ m, θ a are respectively the shared electrical degree of magnet steel 2 and interpole 3;
Fig. 4 is the saturation plot of the additional magnetic sheet of magneto of the embodiment of the invention, and axis Bg and F among this figure are respectively air gap flux density and magnetic potential; BgB and BgC are respectively the air gap flux density between interpole B and C two ends and armature core; BgV is that the average magnetic of the air gap under the interpole is close; The armature reaction that FB, FC are respectively interpole B, C two ends increases the magnetic magnetic potential, and other indicates corresponding with sign among Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the each several part magnetic flux figure of the corresponding armature supply of magneto of the embodiment of the invention, and Φ t, the Ia among this figure is respectively magnetic flux and armature winding electric current; L1, L2, L3 are respectively magnet steel magnetic flux Φ m, interpole magnetic flux Φ a and the permanent magnetism magnetic pole magnetic flux Φ t change curve with armature winding electric current I a, and wherein dotted line and solid line are respectively that to ignore magnetic circuit saturated and consider the saturated two kinds of situations of magnetic circuit;
1) magnetic flux of magnet steel during empty load of motor;
Flux circuit during empty load of motor has two (referring to Fig. 1), wherein one from magnet steel 2 through air gap 4, armature core 7, stator 1, be back to magnet steel 2, another is back to magnet steel 2 from magnet steel 2 through air gap 4 (magnet steel 2), armature core 7, air gap 4 (interpole 3 places), interpole 3, stator 1;
2) magnetic flux of magnet steel during motor load;
As Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, armature reaction magnetic potential FA, the FB at A, B two ends are respectively:
FA＝-[(Z×Ia)/(8×a×P)]×[(θm+θa)/180°]；
FB＝[(Z×Ia)/(4×a×P)]×{θm-[(θm+θa)/2]}/180°；
In the formula: Z is total conductor number, and Ia is the armature winding electric current, and a is an armature winding parallel branch logarithm, and P is the permanent magnetism magnetic pole logarithm, and θ m, θ a are respectively magnet steel 2 and interpole 3 shared electrical degrees.
As shown in Figure 3, armature reaction to degaussing (A point) the magnetic potential HA of unit length magnet steel with increase magnetic (B point) magnetic potential HB and be respectively:
HA＝(0.4π/hm)×FA；
HB＝(0.4π/hm)×FB；
In the formula: hm is a magnet thickness;
If 2 air gap flux densities of A, B are BgA and BgB, the magnet steel cross section is Am, and then the magnetic flux Φ m of magnet steel is during load:
Φm＝[(BgA+BgB)/2]×Am；
3) magnetic flux of interpole during motor load;
As Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, armature reaction magnetic potential FB, the FC at B, C two ends are respectively:
FB＝[(Z×Ia)/(4×a×P)]×{θm-[(θm+θa)/2]}/180°；
FC＝-FA＝[(Z×Ia)/(8×a×P)]×[(θm+θa)/180°]；
The armature reaction magnetic potential of trying to achieve with following formula is for increasing the magnetic magnetic potential, the intersection point of the interpole saturation curve among this growth trend magnetic potential and Fig. 4, be air gap flux density BgB, BgC between 2 of B, C and armature core, thereby obtain the close BgV of the average magnetic of air gap under the interpole and the magnetic flux Φ a of interpole is:
BgV＝(BgB+BgC)/2；
Φa＝BgV×Aga；
In the formula: Aga is the cross-section of air gap under the interpole.
4) total magnetic flux of magnet steel;
As shown in Figure 5, interpole and magnet steel are combined into the total magnetic flux Φ t of permanent magnetism magnetic pole, stack for magnet steel magnetic flux Φ m and interpole magnetic flux Φ a, be Φ t=Φ m+ Φ a, Φ m is a maximum when unloaded, because the demagnetizing effect of armature reaction, along with the increase of armature winding electric current I a, Φ m will reduce (referring to the curve L1 of Fig. 5); On the contrary, owing to the magnetic action that increases of armature reaction, Φ a will increase (referring to the curve L2 of Fig. 5); The total magnetic flux Φ t of permanent magnetism magnetic pole is the stack (referring to the curve L3 of Fig. 5) of magnet steel magnetic flux Φ m and interpole magnetic flux Φ a, and the total magnetic flux Φ t of permanent magnetism magnetic pole significantly increases along with the increase of armature winding electric current I a.Dotted line and solid line represent to ignore the saturated and saturated two kinds of situations of consideration magnetic circuit of magnetic circuit respectively among Fig. 5.As seen: if magnetic circuit is unsaturated, Φ t is more remarkable with the increase of Ia.
In sum, can draw to draw a conclusion:
1) motor is when zero load, underloading and stable state, the armature reaction influence that armature winding produces under the effect of electric current is less, its magnetic circuit is unsaturated, therefore stator magneto resistance and armature core magnetic resistance are very little, the magnetic resistance of the air gap between interpole and armature core is much larger than the synthetic magnetic resistance of stator and armature core, it is very little to flow to the interpole magnetic flux, and most of magnetic flux is produced by magnet steel, thereby can not influence electric efficiency.
2) motor is when having load, armature winding produces armature reaction under the effect of electric current, this moment, the armature mmf at permanent magnetism magnetic pole center was zero, increase magnetic effect because armature reaction also is attended by to the magnet steel demagnetizing effect time, make when armature reaction produces demagnetization magnetic potential to magnet steel interpole produced to increase the magnetic magnetic potential; Because interpole is made by the little high permeability materials of magnetic resistance, therefore can provide bigger magnetic flux, the magnetic flux of interpole and the stack of the magnetic flux of magnet steel make total magnetic flux significantly increase along with the increase of load, thereby motor is obtained and series characteristic like the series excitation formula electric machinery, make motor under big electric current, to export big torque, adopt this structure can make the magnet steel consumption reduce 1/3rd.
Alternative universal motor of the present invention or series excitation direct current machine are applied to require the occasion of high start torque, for example electric tool etc.
Claims (1)
1. high start torque magneto with series characteristic, comprise stator, rotor, at least one pair of permanent magnetism magnetic pole, described rotor is sheathed in the stator, armature core and rotating shaft by coaxial socket are formed, described armature core is provided with the armature slot of opening radially outward, be used to embed armature winding, each permanent magnetism magnetic pole axial symmetry is fixed in the inwall of described stator, and and has air gap between the described rotor, it is characterized in that: described permanent magnetism magnetic pole is engaged by an interpole and a magnet steel and forms, its integral body is curved, and the permeability of described interpole is greater than the permeability of described magnet steel.
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| CN2009101964126A CN102035273A (en) | 2009-09-25 | 2009-09-25 | High-starting-torque permanent magnet motor with series characteristic |
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| CN2009101964126A CN102035273A (en) | 2009-09-25 | 2009-09-25 | High-starting-torque permanent magnet motor with series characteristic |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107749704A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-03-02 | 深圳市昱森机电有限公司 | Low noise direct current generator and the method for reducing electromagnetic noise |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107749704A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-03-02 | 深圳市昱森机电有限公司 | Low noise direct current generator and the method for reducing electromagnetic noise |
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Application publication date: 20110427 |