CN102033556A - Differential integral type control system - Google Patents
Differential integral type control system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a differential integral type control system, comprising a reference voltage module, a differential integral module, a power amplification module and a controlled system module. Vp is set to be input from a reverse phase end and Eb is set to be input from a same phase end, and Vi=Vp-Eb is set, so that the output Va of the differential integral module is an integral of a function Vi for time. The variation tendency of Va is that: when Vi is larger than 0, Va descends, and the larger Vi is, the faster Va descends; when Vi is smaller than 0, Va rises, and the absolute value of Vi is lager, the faster Va rises; when Vi is equal to 0, Va is not changed; thus, when a controlled variable is larger, feedback voltage Vf is slightly larger, and Vi can be larger than 0; by a differential integral circuit, Va is automatically turned down, the output voltage delta V of power amplification is turned down, the running speed of a controlled object slows down, the controlled variable descends, and the feedback voltage Vf diminishes; when Vf diminishes to result in Vp=Eb, the integral stops, Va optimum is remembered, and Va is remained to be unchanged so that the controlled system is ensured to be in an optimal running state; and vice versa.
Description
Technical field: the present invention is a kind of differential integration type control system, belongs to the Analog Electronics Technique series products.
Background technology: present some weak point of control system native system, such as the regulator of generator, need regulate exciting current during the voltage of regulator generator, small low-cost equipment is that the power supply that adopts an electronic switch to be switched on or switched off field copper increases or reduce exciting current at present, make that the generator voltage fluctuation is bigger, the regulator that designs a kind of low cost and the level and smooth field voltage of adjusting automatically is significant.Equally, also have a lot of controlled devices, as: the pressure of the temperature of heating arrangement, the displacement of mechanical motion, container, light intensity, chemical substance concentration, dose radiation, chemical reaction and nuclear reaction speed, the control system that designs a kind of low cost and the level and smooth controlled quentity controlled variable of adjusting automatically is significant.
Invention application content:
A kind of differential integration type control system, it is characterized in that: comprise reference voltage module (JZDY), differential integration module (CDJF), power amplifier module (GF) and controlled system module (BKXT), produce a stable magnitude of voltage Eb by the reference voltage module, voltage Vp is with reference to more used reference value as a comparison, comparative voltage Vp is the feedback voltage V f voltage after partial of controlled system, Eb and Vp import from two input ends of differential integration module (CDJF) respectively, through integral operation, obtain integral voltage output valve Va, export to the power amplifier module (GF) of back; After Va is enlarged into the output voltage Δ V of power output by power amplifier module (GF), offer the controller (KZQ) in the controlled system (BKXT), controlled device (BKDX) is carried out travelling speed control, (BKDX) after the controlled volume of Chan Shenging (BKL) is detected by sensor (CGQ), produce detection limit (JCL), detection limit process transmitter (BSQ) is adjusted to the magnitude of voltage of specialized range, and (Vf) feeds back to differential integration module as feedback voltage.
In this system, can be Vp from the end of oppisite phase input of differential integration module (CDJF) and Eb imports from in-phase end, also can be that Vp is from the in-phase end input and Eb imports from end of oppisite phase; If Vp from end of oppisite phase input and Eb imports from in-phase end, makes Vi=Vp-Eb, the output Va of then differential integration module (CDJF) be with the integration of Vi function to the time, and the variation tendency of Va is: when Vi＞0, Va descends, and Vi is big more, and Va decline is fast more; When Vi＜0, Va rises, | Vi| is big more, and Va rises fast more; When Vi=0, Va is constant; So, when controlled volume (BKL) is bigger than normal, feedback voltage V
fBigger than normal, have Vi＞0, will make that by differential integrating circuit (CDJF) Va reduces automatically, make the output voltage Δ V=(V+)-(V-) of power amplifier (GF) reduce, make that controlled device (BKDX) travelling speed is slack-off, make controlled volume (BKL) descend, make feedback voltage V
fDiminish, work as V
fDiminish when causing Vp=Eb, (CDJF) will stop integration, the Va optimum value of this time is lived in memory, and it is motionless that Va is kept, and guarantees that (BKDX) is in optimal operational condition; In like manner, when (BKL) is less than normal, have Vi＜0, will make that by (CDJF) Va raises automatically, make Δ V raise, make that (BKDX) travelling speed accelerates, make (BKL) rise, make feedback voltage V
fBecome big, work as V
fBecome when causing Vp=Eb greatly, (CDJF) will stop integration, the Va optimum value of this time is lived in memory, and it is motionless that Va is kept, and guarantees that (BKDX) is in optimal operational condition.
Embodiment and description of drawings combine and are described
Some device is identical in the accompanying drawing, and identity unit is given and same numeral, and the unified explanation of the label of general character is given in an accompanying drawing and the label that illustrates, and is general in other accompanying drawing.
1. a total part---system power supply part at first is described, it is in series by power supply U1 and the U2 that two voltages equate, U1 and U2 can be accumulator and stabilized voltage supply, system power supply has the output of three ends: hot end is a positive source, with+U represents, is again " generating set output voltage live wire " simultaneously; The negative potential end is a power cathode, with black triangle
Or-U represents, is again " generating set output voltage ground wire " simultaneously, be called for short " Power Groud "; Anodal mid point with negative pole is the control circuit ground wire, is called for short on " mid point ground ", uses
Expression.
2. among a lot of figure a kind of adjustable resistance is arranged, added one 45 ° arrow exactly on resistance, such as the Rc among Fig. 1, Rd, being expressed as in presents both can be adjustable resistance, can be fixed resistance also, has been the dividing potential drop effect, special called after divider resistance.
Fig. 1---differential integration type control ultimate system theory diagram, comprise 5 big essential parts: the system power supply part, the reference voltage module (is labeled as the square frame of JZDY, burning voltage is Ea, after Ea process divider resistance Rc and the Rd dividing potential drop, obtain reference voltage Eb), differential integration module (is labeled as the square frame of CDJF, after feedback voltage V f process divider resistance Ra and the Rb dividing potential drop, obtain comparative voltage Vp, reference voltage Eb and comparative voltage Vp import from two input ends of CDJF module in the mode of differential input, the output voltage of CDJF is Va), power amplifier module (is labeled as the square frame of DF, it is power amplifier module, input signal is voltage Va, be output as control voltage V+～V-, make Δ V=(V+)-(V-)), the controlled system module (is labeled as the square frame of BKXT, is input as control voltage Δ V=(V+)-(V-), behind the generation controlled volume, obtain feedback voltage V f, specify and see Figure 12.)。(JZDY, CDJF, GF, BKXT are respectively first letters of reference voltage, differential integration, power amplifier and controlled system phonetic).
In this system, can be Vp from the end of oppisite phase input of differential integration module (CDJF) and Eb imports from in-phase end, also can be that Vp is from the in-phase end input and Eb imports from end of oppisite phase; If Vp from end of oppisite phase input and Eb imports from in-phase end, makes Vi=Vp-Eb, the output Va of then differential integration module (CDJF) be with the integration of Vi function to the time, and the variation tendency of Va is: when Vi＞0, Va descends, and Vi is big more, and Va decline is fast more; When Vi＜0, Va rises, | Vi| is big more, and Va rises fast more; When Vi=0, Va is constant; So, when controlled volume (BKL) is bigger than normal, feedback voltage V
fBigger than normal, have Vi＞0, will make that by differential integrating circuit (CDJF) Va reduces automatically, make the output voltage Δ V=(V+)-(V-) of power amplifier (GF) reduce, make that controlled device (BKDX) travelling speed is slack-off, make controlled volume (BKL) descend, make feedback voltage V
fDiminish, work as V
fDiminish when causing Vp=Eb, (CDJF) will stop integration, the Va optimum value of this time is lived in memory, and it is motionless that Va is kept, and guarantees that (BKDX) is in optimal operational condition; In like manner, when (BKL) is less than normal, have Vi＜0, will make that by (CDJF) Va raises automatically, make Δ V raise, make that (BKDX) travelling speed accelerates, make (BKL) rise, make feedback voltage V
fBecome big, work as V
fBecome when causing Vp=Eb greatly, (CDJF) will stop integration, the Va optimum value of this time is lived in memory, and it is motionless that Va is kept, and guarantees that (BKDX) is in optimal operational condition.
Fig. 2 is the reference voltage module, the square frame that wherein is labeled as JZDY is the reference voltage module, with voltage-stabilizing device (comprising regulator block or voltage stabilizing diode) is core, the circuit that constitutes the JZDY module has a variety of, JZDY is total mark of mu balanced circuit, has comprised the circuit in the frame of broken lines that is labeled as JZDYc among circuit in the frame of broken lines that is labeled as JZDYb among circuit in the frame of broken lines that is labeled as JZDYa among Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5; JZDY produces a burning voltage Ea, and through forming reference voltage Eb behind the electric resistance partial pressure, the divider resistance among Fig. 2 is Rc and Rd.
Fig. 3 is a regulator block fixed voltage formula reference voltage, promptly is labeled as the circuit in the frame of broken lines of JZDYa, and wherein 78** is a regulator block, and the * * among the 78** is the voltage stabilizing value, is 5 volts such as 7805 expression voltage stabilizing values, and C1 and C2 are the electric capacity of stablizing the 78** duty.
Fig. 4 is a regulator block adjustable electric pressure type reference voltage, promptly be labeled as the circuit in the frame of broken lines of JZDYb, wherein 78** is a regulator block, C1, C2 and C3 are for stablizing the electric capacity of 78** duty, the fixing resistance of Rea and transfer the resistance of big adjustable resistance Reb can improve the magnitude of voltage of Ea, the highest can being increased to+U.
Fig. 5 is a voltage stabilizing diode fixed voltage formula reference voltage, promptly is labeled as the circuit in the frame of broken lines of JZDYc, and wherein Dw is a voltage stabilizing diode, and Rec is a voltage regulation resistance, makes can obtain more stable voltage Ea at the Dw two ends.Rc and Rd are replaced by an adjustable resistance Rcd, and the first half of Rcd is equivalent to Rc, and following the first half is equivalent to Rd, are Eb with the Ea dividing potential drop.
Embodiment 3, and differential integrating circuit principle of work illustrates with the multiple differential integrating circuit of Fig. 6～Fig. 9.
Fig. 6 is differential integrating circuit fundamental diagram, and the square frame that is labeled as CDJF among the figure is differential integrating circuit module, after obtaining feedback voltage V f, after divider resistance Ra and Rb dividing potential drop, obtains comparative voltage Vp, regulates the resistance of Ra and can regulate Vp; Make Eb and Vp after two input end inputs of CDJF,, obtain integral voltage output valve Va, export to next module through integral operation, if Vp from end of oppisite phase input and Eb imports from in-phase end, makes Vi=Vp-Eb, the variation tendency of Va is: when Vi＞0, Va descends, and Vi is big more, and Va descends fast more; When Vi＜0, Va rises, | Vi| is big more, and Va rises fast more; When Vi=0, Va is constant.
If the CDJF of one group of association is arranged, just add subscript in each label back, such as n differential integration module CDJF1 to CDJFn arranged, Vf1 to Vfn is arranged then, Vp1 to Vpn, Ra1 to Ran, Rb1 to Rbn also has Va1 to Van to export to the back module.The CDJF module can have multiple circuit, comprises basic integrating circuit, Fig. 8 large time constant integrating circuit of Fig. 7, quick point circuit of Fig. 9 etc.
Fig. 7 is differential basic integrating circuit figure, the frame of broken lines that is labeled as CDJFa among the figure is differential integrating circuit module, Ri is that end of oppisite phase input resistance, Ca are that integrating capacitor, A are integrated operational amplifier in the frame of broken lines, when Vp from end of oppisite phase input and Eb when in-phase end is imported, make Vi=Vp-Eb, the theoretical value of Va is:
When Vi＞0, Va descends, and Vi is big more, and Va descends fast more; When Vi＜0, Va rises, | Vi| is big more, and Va rises fast more; When Vi=0, Va is constant.
Fig. 8 is the differential integrating circuit figure of large time constant, the frame of broken lines that is labeled as CDJFb among the figure is the differential integrating circuit module of large time constant, Ri is that end of oppisite phase input resistance, two Re are that computing resistance, two Rf are that feedback resistance, Cb are that integrating capacitor, Ab and Ac are integrated operational amplifier in the frame of broken lines, when Vp from end of oppisite phase input and Eb when in-phase end is imported, make Vi=Vp-Eb, the theoretical value of Va is:
As long as select R for use
i＞＞R
f, just can obtain large time constant.
Fig. 9 is quick differential integrating circuit figure, and the frame of broken lines that is labeled as CDJFc among the figure is quick differential integrating circuit module, and Ri, A are the same in the frame of broken lines, R
kFor quick point resistance, Cc and Cd are integrating capacitor.Ra and Rb are replaced by an adjustable resistance Rab, and the first half of Rab is equivalent to Ra, and following the first half is equivalent to Rb, with V
fDividing potential drop is Vp.
Figure 10 is power amplifier module (full name is a power amplifier module): be labeled as GF, after receiving Va, carry out power amplification output, the output voltage anode is V+, and the voltage negative terminal is V-, the controller KZQ after offering as controlled quentity controlled variable in the level controlled system, if Δ V=(V+)-(V-), when being changed to of Va (U～+ U) and when ignoring the triode pressure drop, obtain being changed to of Δ V (0～2U), i.e. Δ V=Va+U; If the GF of one group of association is arranged, just add subscript in each label back, such as n power amplifier module GF1 to GFn arranged, V1+ to Vn+, V1-to Vn-are arranged then.Vp1 to Vpn, Ra1 to Ran, Rb1 to Rbn, Va1 to Van export to the controller KZQ1 to KZQn of back.The circuit of GF has a variety of, comprises the emitter follower power amplifier of Figure 11, the common emitter power amplifier of Figure 12, the integrated operational amplifier power amplifier of Figure 13.
Figure 11 is emitter follower power amplifier figure, and the frame of broken lines that is labeled as GFa among the figure is the emitter follower power amplifier, and Ve is the emitter current potential, makes V
BE=(emitter junction pressure drop), from Analog Electronics Technique as can be known, Ve=Va-V
BE, when ignoring the emitter junction pressure drop, V+=Ve=Va is arranged, (V-)=(U), so Δ V=(V+)-(V-)=Va-(V-)=Va+U, Δ V is the control voltage that offers controller KZQ, and Dx is a fly-wheel diode, and T is a triode.
Figure 12 is common emitter power amplifier figure, and the frame of broken lines that is labeled as GFb among the figure is the common emitter power amplifier, (V+)=and U, (V-)=Vc, controller KZQ equivalence is the pull-up resistor R of GFb
L, from Analog Electronics Technique as can be known, (U) time, triode ends, if the stopping potential of Vc is labeled as Vcj, corresponding Δ V is labeled as Δ Vj, Vcj=U is arranged, so (V-)=Vcj=U is arranged, Δ Vj=(V+)-(V-)=U-Vcj=0 as Va=; When Va=U, if triode saturation conduction just, and the sticking potential of Vc is labeled as V
CM, V should be arranged
CM=(U), for this reason, the Δ V of correspondence is labeled as Δ V
M, I
BMBe designated as base stage saturation current, I
CMBe designated as collector saturation current, Va
MBe designated as the maximal value U of Va, ability electric current present and voltage are not drawn on the figure in these computings, if (V-)=(U), just must R
L* I
CM=2U just can have (V-)=V
CM=U-R
L* I
CM=U-2U=(U), Δ V
M=(V+)-(V-)=U-(U)=and 2U, obtain I thus
CM=2U/R
L, I
BM=I
CM/ β=2U/ β R
L, R
B=Va
M/ I
BM=U/I
BM=U* β R
L/ 2U=β R
L/ 2; Obtain relational expression Δ V=(V+)-(V-)=U-R
L* I
C=U-R
L* I
C=U-R
L* I
B* β=U-R
L* β * U/R
BRq is a biasing resistance, has only must adjust quiescent point and just need, so with dashed lines draws.
Figure 13 is integrated operational amplifier power amplifier figure, and the frame of broken lines that is labeled as GFc among the figure is the integrated amplifier circuit, and this is an integrated circuit follower power amplifier, wherein (V-)=(U), (V+)=(Va), so Δ V=(V+)-(V-)=Va+U.When being changed to of Va (U～+ U) time, what obtain Δ V is changed to (0～2U).
Embodiment 5, and controlled system has been unified explanation with the controlled figure of system of Figure 14, Figure 15.
Figure 14 is the controlled system block scheme, and the square frame that is labeled as BKXT among the figure is a controlled system, the Δ V control that V+ that is brought by GF and V-form, and the sub-block diagram in the inside of BKXT is seen Figure 15.
Figure 15 describes block scheme for controlled system, the frame of broken lines that is labeled as BKXT among the figure is a controlled system, the subsystem of BKXT is described, V+ that GF brings and V-provide control signal for controller KZQ, KZQ controls controlled device BKDX, BKDX has too numerous to enumerate, the generating voltage that comprises generator, the temperature of heating arrangement, the displacement of mechanical motion, the pressure of container, light intensity, chemical substance concentration, dose radiation, chemical reaction and nuclear reaction speed, they all can produce controlled volume BKL, deliver to transmitter BSQ after BKL is obtained detection limit JCL by sensor CGQ detection, BSQ converts JCL to the feedback voltage V of standard range
f
Embodiment 6, and differential basic integrating circuit control system principle illustrates with Figure 16.
Figure 16 is differential basic integrating circuit control system schematic diagram, V among Figure 15
fFeed back to the CDJF input end, through after the dividing potential drop, obtain comparative voltage Vp, establish Vp from the end of oppisite phase input and Eb imports from in-phase end, make Vi=Vp-Eb, the theoretical value of Va is:
The variation tendency of Va is: when Vi＞0, Va descends, and Vi is big more, and Va descends fast more; When Vi＜0, Va rises, | Vi| is big more, and Va rises fast more; When Vi=0, Va is constant; So, when controlled volume (BKL) is bigger than normal, feedback voltage V
fBigger than normal, have Vi＞0, will make that by differential integrating circuit (CDJF) Va reduces automatically, make the output voltage Δ V=(V+)-(V-) of power amplifier (GF) reduce, make that controlled device (BKDX) travelling speed is slack-off, make controlled volume (BKL) descend, make feedback voltage V
fDiminish, work as V
fDiminish when causing Vp=Eb, (CDJF) will stop integration, the Va optimum value of this time is lived in memory, and it is motionless that Va is kept, and guarantees that (BKDX) is in optimal operational condition; In like manner, when (BKL) is less than normal, have Vi＜0, will make that by (CDJF) Va raises automatically, make Δ V raise, make that (BKDX) travelling speed accelerates, make (BKL) rise, make feedback voltage V
fBecome big, work as V
fBecome when causing Vp=Eb greatly, (CDJF) will stop integration, the Va optimum value of this time is lived in memory, and it is motionless that Va is kept, and guarantees that (BKDX) is in optimal operational condition.
Embodiment 7, overlap the differential integration control synthetic operation of reference type system principle more, illustrate with Figure 17.
Figure 17 is the differential integration control synthetic operation of a many cover reference types systematic schematic diagram, and first half component is the 1st cover control system, has subscript 1, as: Vf1, Ra1, Vp1, CDJF1, Va1, GF1, Δ V1, BKXT1; The Lower Half component is a n cover control system, has subscript n, as: Vfn, Ran, Vpn, CDJFn, Van, GFn, Δ Vn, BKXTn; Reference voltage Eb adjusts Ra1～Ran as the common reference voltage of CDJF1～CDJFn, and when Va1～Van was equalled zero, Vp1～Vpn equaled reference voltage Eb; The feedback control procedure of its every cover is identical with the feedback control procedure of the differential integration type control ultimate system of embodiment 1.
Embodiment 8, overlap the differential integration control synthetic operation of trailing type system principle more, illustrate with Figure 18.
Figure 18 is the differential integration control synthetic operation of a many cover trailing types systematic schematic diagram, n cover sub-control system is arranged in the big frame of broken lines, the 1st cover and n cover have only been drawn, the 1st cover is bellwether's control system (LTY), control the feedback control procedure of ultimate system based on the differential integration type of embodiment 1, increased following content: after analog to digital converter ADC module receives reference voltage Eb, Eb is become digital signal by analog signal conversion, pass to benchmark transmitter module JZFS then, the digital quantity of reference voltage Eb is launched through emitting antenna FS; The 2nd cover～the n cover is follower's control system (GSZ), their benchmark receiver module JZJS is after receiving antenna JS obtains digitized reference voltage Eb signal, pass to digital to analog converter DAC and convert analog voltage reference Eb to, other control procedure is identical with the feedback control procedure basis of the differential integration type control ultimate system of embodiment 1.Accurate for the analog to digital conversion and the digital-to-analog conversion that make Eb, ADC and DAC adopt JZDY as power supply.
Following bellwether's control system can intuitively be envisioned as: in flight, many refueled aircrafts are being followed the state of flight flight of fuel charger to tanker aircraft as bellwether's control system.
Embodiment 9, and the differential integration type dynamo governor of internal earth principle illustrates with Figure 19.
Figure 19 is the differential integration type dynamo governor of an internal earth schematic diagram, and field copper L has an end inner directly " bonding " (promptly the connecing Power Groud) of generator, so claim " internal earth "; Regulator TJQ1 provides field voltage to the field copper L of threephase alternator GA, form exciting current and magnetic field, rotor rotation back generator begins generating, its generating voltage is proportional to rotating speed and exciting current, so be proportional to field voltage, the three-phase alternating current that sends has become noble potential after through the three-phase bridge device rectification that is made of commutation diode D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 and has been+U electronegative potential the DC voltage for-U, the voltage total value is 2U, so, obtain comparative voltage Vp after 2U process Ra and the Rb dividing potential drop with total voltage called after 2U; Simultaneously, the Ea of JZDY module obtains reference voltage Eb after Rc and Rd dividing potential drop, Vp and reference voltage Eb import from the end of oppisite phase and the in-phase end of differential integrating circuit respectively as two amounts of differential input, when generator voltage is higher, have Vp＞Eb, by differential integrating circuit CDJF Va is reduced automatically, because this is the emitter follower that a triode T constitutes, so emitter current potential Ve follows Va and descends automatically, make the exciting current of generator excitation winding L descend, thereby make threephase alternator GA generating voltage descend, make to descend through the voltage 2U after the rectification of three-phase bridge device; When 2U drops to when making Vp=Eb, CDJF will stop integration, and Va and Ve can keep motionless, guarantee that exciting current maintains optimum value, and generator operation is in optimum condition; In like manner, when generator voltage is on the low side, have Vp＜Eb, by CDJF Va is raised automatically, make the emitter current potential Ve of T rise, make the exciting current of generator excitation winding L rise, thereby make generator for electricity generation voltage rise, make that the voltage 2U after the rectification rises; When 2U rises to when making Vp=Eb, CDJF will stop integration, and Va and Ve can keep motionless, guarantee that exciting current maintains optimum value, and generator operation is in optimum condition; In addition, SB is a starting switch, when generator has just started, connects SB to field copper L power supply, and warning lamp HL is bright, and after generator for electricity generation, the HL two ends are idiostatic, and HL goes out; In order to prevent to cause generating voltage too high owing to the regulator fault; adopted overvoltage protection; when overtension; overvoltage protection relay coil KA can produce enough suction, makes its normally opened contact KA1 closure, makes auxiliary reclay coil KM switch on; disconnect its normally closed contact KM1; cut off exciting current, make its normally opened contact KM2 closure simultaneously, energising is kept in self-locking to coil KM.
Embodiment 10, and the differential integration type dynamo governor of external earth principle illustrates with Figure 20.
Figure 20 is the differential integration type dynamo governor of an external earth schematic diagram.Generating, rectification and overvoltage protection principle are identical with embodiment 9, do not give unnecessary details, just regulator TJQ2 has made the external earth formula into being connected of field copper L, the Power Groud end that connects that is field copper L does not directly connect Power Groud, but received the collector of T, have only when T is saturated, just to connect Power Groud, need be at generator aerial lug " bonding " so claim " external earth "; Ea obtains reference voltage Eb after Rc and Rd dividing potential drop, obtain comparative voltage Vp after 2U process Ra and the Rb dividing potential drop, when generator voltage is higher, have Vp＞Eb, Va is reduced automatically, make the collector potential Vc of T rise by CDJF, because the field voltage Δ V=U-Vc of generator excitation winding L, so the Vc rising can make the field voltage of generator excitation winding L and electric current descend, thereby makes generator for electricity generation voltage descend, make that the voltage 2U after the rectification descends; When 2U drops to when making Vp=Eb, CDJF will stop integration, and Va and Ve can keep motionless, guarantee that exciting current maintains optimum value, and generator operation is in optimum condition; In like manner, when generator voltage is on the low side, have Vp＜Eb, by CDJF Va is raised automatically, make the collector potential Vc of T descend, because Vc decline can make the field voltage of generator excitation winding L and electric current rise, thereby makes generator for electricity generation voltage rise, make that the voltage 2U after the rectification rises; When 2U rises to when making Vp=Eb, CDJF will stop integration, and Va and Ve can keep motionless, guarantee that exciting current maintains optimum value, and generator operation is in optimum condition.
Embodiment 11, and the differential adjustable type dynamo governor of internal earth integrated circuit principle illustrates with Figure 21.
Figure 21 is the differential adjustable type dynamo governor of an internal earth integrated circuit schematic diagram.Generating, rectification and overvoltage protection principle are identical with embodiment 9, and just the differential integrator in the regulator has made the integrated circuit differential amplifier into.The differential amplifier A that inputs to of Ea and Vp, when generator voltage is higher, have Vp＞Eb, make the Va downward modulation by amplifier A, make the emitter current potential Ve of triode T descend, make the exciting current of generator excitation winding L descend, thereby make threephase alternator GA generating voltage descend, make to descend through the voltage 2U after the rectification of three-phase bridge device; In like manner, when generator voltage is on the low side, have Vp＜Eb, by amplifier A Va is raised automatically, make the emitter current potential Ve of T rise, make the exciting current of generator excitation winding L rise, thereby make generator for electricity generation voltage rise, make that the voltage 2U after the rectification rises; Reach the dynamic balance state of generating voltage.Raf is a feedback resistance; This regulator has the two-way rectifying circuit, one road direction regulator power supply itself, rectifying circuit is made of three-phase bridge rectification D7, D8, D9 and D4, D5, D6, the power supply of one road direction electrical equipment, rectifying circuit is made of three-phase bridge rectification D1, D2, D3 and D4, D5, D6, reduces the influence to electrical equipment of the voltage higher hamonic wave that causes owing to field copper L current break;
Embodiment 12, and the differential adjustable type dynamo governor of internal earth discrete component principle illustrates with Figure 22.
Figure 22 is the differential adjustable type dynamo governor of an internal earth discrete component schematic diagram.Principle of work is identical with embodiment 11, and just the integrated circuit differential amplifier in the regulator has made the discrete component differential amplifier into.Among the figure, RM, RP, Re are respectively biasing resistance, collector resistance, the base resistance of triode T2, and RN, RQ, Ri are respectively biasing resistance, collector resistance, the base resistance of triode T3; Rt is a base resistance, and R7 is a biasing resistance.
Embodiment 13, and differential integration is regulated the circuit theory of positive and negative symmetrical power supply, illustrates with Figure 23.
Figure 23 regulates the circuit theory diagrams of positive and negative symmetrical power supply for differential integration.System power supply part, JZDY and CDJF module are the same with the differential integration type control ultimate system of embodiment 1, when CDJF module voltage Va is input to symmetrical amplifier Aa, Ab, Aa, Ab can produce voltage Vab, the Vbb output of symmetry, relational expression is: Vab=(1+2*Raa/Rr) * Va/2, Vbb=-(1+2*Rba/Rr) * Va/2, if make Raa=Rba, Vab=-Vbb then, can regulate Va because regulate Ra or Rc, Vab and Vbb just become a pair of adjustable symmetrical voltage; Through behind power amplifier Ta and the Tb, the output voltage+V that obtains and-the just a pair of adjustable symmetrical voltage of V; + V serves as feedback voltage V f, can obtain stable adjustable voltage+V, thus obtain stable adjustable symmetrical voltage+V and-V.
Embodiment 14, and differential integration is regulated the circuit theory of positive and negative balanced load control, illustrates with Figure 24.
Figure 24 regulates the circuit theory diagrams of positive and negative balanced load control for differential integration.System power supply part, JZDY, CDJF module and power amplifier module GF are identical with embodiment 13, do not exist together be the adjustable symmetrical voltage+V of GF output and-V after, with+V and-the controlled system BKXTa and the BKXTb of V control symmetry, provide feedback voltage V f to CDJF module by BKXTa, stablize BKXTa, thereby stablized BKXTb.
Claims (10)
1. differential integration type control system, it is characterized in that: differential integration type control ultimate system comprises reference voltage module (JZDY), differential integration module (CDJF), power amplifier module (GF) and controlled system module (BKXT), produce a stable magnitude of voltage Eb by the reference voltage module, voltage Vp is with reference to more used reference value as a comparison, comparative voltage Vp is the feedback voltage V f voltage after partial of controlled system, Eb and Vp import from two input ends of differential integration module (CDJF) respectively, through integral operation, obtain integral voltage output valve Va, export to the power amplifier module (GF) of back; After Va is enlarged into the output voltage Δ V of power output by power amplifier module (GF), offer the controller (KZQ) in the controlled system (BKXT), controlled device (BKDX) is carried out travelling speed control, (BKDX) after the controlled volume of Chan Shenging (BKL) is detected by sensor (CGQ), produce detection limit (JCL), detection limit process transmitter (BSQ) is adjusted to the magnitude of voltage of specialized range, and (Vf) feeds back to differential integration module as feedback voltage.
In this system, can be Vp from the end of oppisite phase input of differential integration module (CDJF) and Eb imports from in-phase end, also can be that Vp is from the in-phase end input and Eb imports from end of oppisite phase; If Vp from end of oppisite phase input and Eb imports from in-phase end, makes Vi=Vp-Eb, the output Va of then differential integration module (CDJF) be with the integration of Vi function to the time, and the variation tendency of Va is: when Vi＞0, Va descends, and Vi is big more, and Va decline is fast more; When Vi＜0, Va rises, | Vi| is big more, and Va rises fast more; When Vi=0, Va is constant; So, when controlled volume (BKL) is bigger than normal, feedback voltage V
fBigger than normal, have Vi＞0, will make that by differential integrating circuit (CDJF) Va reduces automatically, make the output voltage Δ V=(V+)-(V-) of power amplifier (GF) reduce, make that controlled device (BKDX) travelling speed is slack-off, make controlled volume (BKL) descend, make feedback voltage V
fDiminish, work as V
fDiminish when causing Vp=Eb, (CDJF) will stop integration, the Va optimum value of this time is lived in memory, and it is motionless that Va is kept, and guarantees that (BKDX) is in optimal operational condition; In like manner, when (BKL) is less than normal, have Vi＜0, will make that by (CDJF) Va raises automatically, make Δ V raise, make that (BKDX) travelling speed accelerates, make (BKL) rise, make feedback voltage V
fBecome big, work as V
fBecome when causing Vp=Eb greatly, (CDJF) will stop integration, the Va optimum value of this time is lived in memory, and it is motionless that Va is kept, and guarantees that (BKDX) is in optimal operational condition.
2. differential integration type control system according to claim 1, its further feature is: differential basic integrating circuit control system, V
fFeed back to the CDJF input end, through after the dividing potential drop, obtain comparative voltage Vp, establish Vp from the end of oppisite phase input and Eb imports from in-phase end, make Vi=Vp-Eb, the theoretical value of Va is:
The variation tendency of Va is: when Vi＞0, Va descends, and Vi is big more, and Va descends fast more; When Vi＜0, Va rises, | Vi| is big more, and Va rises fast more; When Vi=0, Va is constant; So, when controlled volume (BKL) is bigger than normal, feedback voltage V
fBigger than normal, have Vi＞0, will make that by differential integrating circuit (CDJF) Va reduces automatically, make the output voltage Δ V=(V+)-(V-) of power amplifier (GF) reduce, make that controlled device (BKDX) travelling speed is slack-off, make controlled volume (BKL) descend, make feedback voltage V
fDiminish, work as V
fDiminish when causing Vp=Eb, (CDJF) will stop integration, the Va optimum value of this time is lived in memory, and it is motionless that Va is kept, and guarantees that (BKDX) is in optimal operational condition; In like manner, when (BKL) is less than normal, have Vi＜0, will make that by (CDJF) Va raises automatically, make Δ V raise, make that (BKDX) travelling speed accelerates, make (BKL) rise, make feedback voltage V
fBecome big, work as V
fBecome when causing Vp=Eb greatly, (CDJF) will stop integration, the Va optimum value of this time is lived in memory, and it is motionless that Va is kept, and guarantees that (BKDX) is in optimal operational condition.
3. differential integration type control system according to claim 1, its further feature is: overlap the differential integration control synthetic operation of reference type system more, reference voltage Eb is as the common reference voltage of CDJF1～CDJFn, adjust Ra1～Ran, when Va1～Van was equalled zero, Vp1～Vpn equaled reference voltage Eb; The feedback control procedure of its every cover is identical with the feedback control procedure of differential integration type control ultimate system.
4. differential integration type control system according to claim 1, its further feature is: overlap the differential integration control synthetic operation of trailing type system more, n cover sub-control system is arranged, the 1st cover is bellwether's control system, feedback control procedure based on differential integration type control ultimate system, increased following content: after analog to digital converter ADC module receives reference voltage Eb, Eb is become digital signal by analog signal conversion, pass to benchmark transmitter module JZFS then, the digital quantity of reference voltage Eb is launched through emitting antenna FS; The 2nd cover～the n cover is following control system, their benchmark receiver module JZJS is after receiving antenna JS obtains digitized reference voltage Eb signal, pass to digital to analog converter DAC and convert analog voltage reference Eb to, other control procedure is identical with the feedback control procedure basis of differential integration type control ultimate system; Accurate for the analog to digital conversion and the digital-to-analog conversion that make Eb, ADC and DAC adopt JZDY as power supply.
5. differential integration type control system according to claim 1, its further feature is: the differential integration type dynamo governor of internal earth, field copper L has an end directly to connect Power Groud in generator inside, regulator TJQ1 provides field voltage to the field copper L of threephase alternator GA, form exciting current and magnetic field, rotor rotation back generator begins generating, its generating voltage is proportional to rotating speed and exciting current, so be proportional to field voltage, the three-phase alternating current process of sending is by commutation diode D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, become noble potential after the three-phase bridge device rectification that D6 constitutes and be+U electronegative potential DC voltage the 2U for-U, 2U obtains comparative voltage Vp after through Ra and Rb dividing potential drop; Simultaneously, the Ea of JZDY module obtains reference voltage Eb after Rc and Rd dividing potential drop, Vp and reference voltage Eb import from the end of oppisite phase and the in-phase end of differential integrating circuit respectively as two amounts of differential input, when generator voltage is higher, have Vp＞Eb, by differential integrating circuit CDJF Va is reduced automatically, because this is the emitter follower that a triode T constitutes, so emitter current potential Ve follows Va and descends automatically, make the exciting current of generator excitation winding L descend, thereby make threephase alternator GA generating voltage descend, make to descend through the voltage 2U after the rectification of three-phase bridge device; When 2U drops to when making Vp=Eb, CDJF will stop integration, and Va and Ve can keep motionless, guarantee that exciting current maintains optimum value, and generator operation is in optimum condition; In like manner, when generator voltage is on the low side, have Vp＜Eb, by CDJF Va is raised automatically, make the emitter current potential Ve of T rise, make the exciting current of generator excitation winding L rise, thereby make generator for electricity generation voltage rise, make that the voltage 2U after the rectification rises; When 2U rises to when making Vp=Eb, CDJF will stop integration, and Va and Ve can keep motionless, guarantee that exciting current maintains optimum value, and generator operation is in optimum condition; In addition, SB is a starting switch, when generator has just started, connects SB to field copper L power supply, and warning lamp HL is bright, and after generator for electricity generation, the HL two ends are idiostatic, and HL goes out; In order to prevent to cause generating voltage too high owing to the regulator fault; adopted overvoltage protection; when overtension; overvoltage protection relay coil KA can produce enough suction, makes its normally opened contact KA1 closure, makes auxiliary reclay coil KM switch on; disconnect its normally closed contact KM1; cut off exciting current, make its normally opened contact KM2 closure simultaneously, energising is kept in self-locking to coil KM.
6. differential integration type control system according to claim 1, its further feature is: the differential integration type dynamo governor of external earth, generating, rectification are identical with the differential integration type dynamo governor of the described internal earth of overvoltage protection principle and claim 5, just regulator TJQ2 has made the external earth formula into being connected of field copper L, the Power Groud end that connects that is field copper L does not directly connect Power Groud, but received the collector of T, have only when T is saturated, just to connect Power Groud; Ea obtains reference voltage Eb after Rc and Rd dividing potential drop, obtain comparative voltage Vp after 2U process Ra and the Rb dividing potential drop, when generator voltage is higher, have Vp＞Eb, Va is reduced automatically, make the collector potential Vc of T rise by CDJF, because the field voltage Δ V=U-Vc of generator excitation winding L, so the Vc rising can make the field voltage of generator excitation winding L and electric current descend, thereby makes generator for electricity generation voltage descend, make that the voltage 2U after the rectification descends; When 2U drops to when making Vp=Eb, CDJF will stop integration, and Va and Ve can keep motionless, guarantee that exciting current maintains optimum value, and generator operation is in optimum condition; In like manner, when generator voltage is on the low side, have Vp＜Eb, by CDJF Va is raised automatically, make the collector potential Vc of T descend, because Vc decline can make the field voltage of generator excitation winding L and electric current rise, thereby makes generator for electricity generation voltage rise, make that the voltage 2U after the rectification rises; When 2U rises to when making Vp=Eb, CDJF will stop integration, and Va and Ve can keep motionless, guarantee that exciting current maintains optimum value, and generator operation is in optimum condition.
7. differential integration type control system according to claim 1; its further feature is: the differential adjustable type dynamo governor of internal earth integrated circuit; its generating, rectification are identical with the differential integration type dynamo governor of the described internal earth of overvoltage protection principle and claim 5, and just the differential integrator in the regulator has made the integrated circuit differential amplifier into.The differential amplifier A that inputs to of Ea and Vp, when generator voltage is higher, have Vp＞Eb, make the Va downward modulation by amplifier A, make the emitter current potential Ve of triode T descend, make the exciting current of generator excitation winding L descend, thereby make threephase alternator GA generating voltage descend, make to descend through the voltage 2U after the rectification of three-phase bridge device; In like manner, when generator voltage is on the low side, have Vp＜Eb, by amplifier A Va is raised automatically, make the emitter current potential Ve of T rise, make the exciting current of generator excitation winding L rise, thereby make generator for electricity generation voltage rise, make that the voltage 2U after the rectification rises; Reach the dynamic balance state of generating voltage.Raf is a feedback resistance; This regulator has the two-way rectifying circuit, one road direction regulator power supply itself, rectifying circuit is made of three-phase bridge rectification D7, D8, D9 and D4, D5, D6, the power supply of one road direction electrical equipment, rectifying circuit is made of three-phase bridge rectification D1, D2, D3 and D4, D5, D6, reduces the influence to electrical equipment of the voltage higher hamonic wave that causes owing to field copper L current break;
8. differential integration type control system according to claim 1, its further feature is: the differential adjustable type dynamo governor of internal earth discrete component, principle of work is identical with the differential adjustable type dynamo governor of the described internal earth integrated circuit of claim 7, just the integrated circuit differential amplifier in the regulator has made the discrete component differential amplifier into, RM, RP, Re are respectively biasing resistance, collector resistance, the base resistance of triode T2, and RN, RQ, Ri are respectively biasing resistance, collector resistance, the base resistance of triode T3; Rt is a base resistance, and R7 is a biasing resistance.
9. differential integration type control system according to claim 1, its further feature is: differential integration is regulated the circuit of positive and negative symmetrical power supply, the system power supply part, JZDY is the same with differential integration type control ultimate system with the CDJF module, Va is input to symmetrical amplifier Aa when the CDJF module voltage, during Ab, Aa, Ab can produce the voltage Vab of symmetry, Vbb output, relational expression is: Vab=(1+2*Raa/Rr) * Va/2, Vbb=-(1+2*Rba/Rr) * Va/2, if make Raa=Rba, Vab=-Vbb then, can regulate Va because regulate Ra or Rc, Vab and Vbb just become a pair of adjustable symmetrical voltage; Through behind power amplifier Ta and the Tb, the output voltage+V that obtains and-the just a pair of adjustable symmetrical voltage of V; + V serves as feedback voltage V f, can obtain stable adjustable voltage+V, thus obtain stable adjustable symmetrical voltage+V and-V.
10. differential integration type control system according to claim 1, its further feature is: differential integration is regulated the circuit of positive and negative balanced load control, system power supply part, JZDY, CDJF module and power amplifier module GF are identical with the circuit that the described differential integration of claim 9 is regulated positive and negative symmetrical power supply, do not exist together be the adjustable symmetrical voltage+V of GF output and-V after, with+V and-the controlled system BKXTa and the BKXTb of V control symmetry, provide feedback voltage V f to CDJF module by BKXTa, stablize BKXTa, thereby stablized BKXTb.
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| CN103677041A (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2014-03-26 | 湖北东光电子股份有限公司 | Resistance loop capable of achieving function of loop on-line resistance adjustment |
| CN107168437A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-09-15 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of bipolar current source |
| CN110351630A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-10-18 | 三维通信股份有限公司 | A kind of power amplifier control system and method based on auto level control |
| CN112858395A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-28 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Radioactive material container with real-time detection function |
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Application publication date: 20110427 |