CN102031065B - 无磨料的化学机械抛光组合物 - Google Patents
无磨料的化学机械抛光组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102031065B CN102031065B CN2010102981564A CN201010298156A CN102031065B CN 102031065 B CN102031065 B CN 102031065B CN 2010102981564 A CN2010102981564 A CN 2010102981564A CN 201010298156 A CN201010298156 A CN 201010298156A CN 102031065 B CN102031065 B CN 102031065B
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- methacrylic acid
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- acidic polymer
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- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminodiacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCC(O)=O NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
- C09G1/04—Aqueous dispersions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3205—Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers
- H01L21/321—After treatment
- H01L21/32115—Planarisation
- H01L21/3212—Planarisation by chemical mechanical polishing [CMP]
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可用来对包含有色金属的形成图案的半导体晶片进行化学机械抛光的水性无磨料组合物。所述组合物包含氧化剂,用于有色金属的抑制剂,0-15重量%的水溶性改性纤维素,0-15重量%的磷化合物,0.005-5重量%的酸性聚合物,以及水。所述酸性聚合物包含碳数为4-250的甲基丙烯酸部分。所述甲基丙烯酸部分包含甲基丙烯酸或者丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸共聚物。所述酸性聚合物包含源自巯基-羧酸链转移剂的链段。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体晶片材料的化学机械抛光(CMP),更具体来说涉及用来在介电材料和阻挡层材料的存在下对半导体晶片上的金属互连进行抛光的CMP组合物和方法。
背景技术
通常,半导体晶片是具有介电层的硅晶片,所述介电层包括多个沟槽,这些沟槽设置在介电层内形成用于电路互连的图案。所述图案设置通常具有镶嵌结构或双镶嵌结构。阻挡层覆盖着所述形成图案的介电层,金属层覆盖着所述阻挡层。所述金属层的厚度至少足以填充所述形成图案的沟槽,同时金属形成电路互连。
CMP工艺经常包括多个抛光步骤。例如,第一步以初始高速率除去过量的互连金属,例如铜。第一步去除之后,可以通过第二步抛光除去残留在阻挡层之上、金属互连以外的金属。随后的抛光从半导体晶片的下面的介电层除去阻挡层,在介电层和金属互连上提供平坦的抛光表面。
半导体基片上的沟槽或凹槽中的金属提供形成金属电路的金属线。一个有待克服的问题是,所述抛光操作会从各个沟槽或凹槽除去金属,导致这些金属产生凹陷。凹陷是不希望有的,因为这会导致金属电路关键尺寸的变化。为了减少产生凹陷,人们在较低的抛光压力下进行抛光。但是,仅仅减小抛光压力将会需要抛光持续更长的时间;在整个长时期内,会持续形成凹陷。
Ghosh等在美国专利公开第7,435,356号中揭示了一种将两性聚合物用于无磨料的抛光配制物的方法。这些配制物限制了铜的凹陷,促进了在合理的抛光时间内进行可以接受的铜清除。随着每个晶片上铜层数量的增加,人们一直需要无磨料的配制物,促进在缩短的抛光时间下减少铜的凹陷。另外,人们一直需要抛光组合物,所述抛光组合物能够在不断缩短抛光时间的情况下,获得不含互连金属残余物的表面。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种可用来对包含有色金属的形成图案的半导体晶片进行化学机械抛光的水性无磨料组合物,该组合物包含:氧化剂,用于所述有色金属的抑制剂,0-15重量%的水溶性改性纤维素,0-15重量%的磷化合物,0.005-5重量%的酸性聚合物,所述酸性聚合物包含甲基丙烯酸部分,所述甲基丙烯酸部分的碳数为4-250,所述甲基丙烯酸部分包含甲基丙烯酸或者丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸共聚物,所述酸性聚合物包含源自链转移剂的链段,所述链转移剂是巯基-羧酸,以及水。
在本发明的另一个方面,本发明提供了一种可用来对包含有色金属的形成图案的半导体晶片进行化学机械抛光的水性无磨料组合物,该组合物包含:0.1-25重量%的氧化剂,0.05-15重量%的用于所述有色金属的抑制剂,0.01-5重量%的水溶性改性纤维素,0.01-10重量%的磷化合物,0.01-3重量%的酸性聚合物,所述酸性聚合物包含甲基丙烯酸部分,所述甲基丙烯酸部分的碳数为7-100,所述甲基丙烯酸部分包含甲基丙烯酸或者丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸共聚物,所述酸性聚合物的数均分子量为200-6000,包含源自链转移剂的链段,所述链转移剂是巯基-羧酸,以及水。
具体实施方式
所述组合物和方法加快了金属去除速率,完全在产生低的金属互连凹陷的情况下提供了有效的金属清除。所述组合物使用酸性聚合物,所述酸性聚合物是甲基丙烯酸或者丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸共聚物,包含源自巯基-羧酸链转移剂的链段,用来对半导体进行抛光。任选地,所述组合物可以包含水溶性改性纤维素和磷化合物。所述溶液是不含磨料的,无需任何磨料。
在本说明书中所述的酸性聚合物是甲基丙烯酸聚合物,或者由甲基丙烯酸和丙烯酸链段组成的共聚物,其包含源自巯基-羧酸链转移剂的链段。所述酸性聚合物可以包含碳数为4-250的聚合物链。对于本说明书来说,碳数表示共聚物部分中碳原子的数目。较佳的是,碳数为7-100,最优选为10-50。甲基丙烯酸聚合物中单体单元的数量为1-100;共聚物部分中优选为2-100。较佳的是,所述组合物包含0.005-5重量%的酸性共聚物。较佳的是,所述组合物包含0.01-3重量%的酸性共聚物。最佳的是,所述组合物包含0.05-2重量%的酸性共聚物。
所述酸性聚合物优选的数均分子量为170-7,500,本说明书用数均分子量表示聚合物的分子量。更佳的是,所述数均分子量为200-6,000,最优选数均分子量为500-5,000。任选的离子型链段包括阳离子型、阴离子型和两性离子型(聚两性电解质和聚甜菜碱)。所述酸性共聚物包括用链转移剂制备的丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的共聚物。这些链段组合成共聚物,制得了性质不同于它们各自的均聚物的分子,这有助于在不对金属互连产生过多凹陷的情况下进行清除。
所述链转移剂是巯基-羧酸。所述巯基羧酸提供了铜去除速率的出人意料的增大。最佳的是,所述链转移剂是3-巯基丙酸。
尽管本发明特别可以用于铜互连,但是本发明的水性抛光组合物也可以为其它的有色金属互连提供增强的抛光,所述其它有色金属互连包括例如铝、金、镍、铂族金属、银、钨、以及它们的合金。
任选地,所述组合物包含0-15重量%的水溶性纤维素。较佳的是,所述组合物包含0.01-5.0重量%的水溶性纤维素。最佳的是,所述组合物包含0.05-1.5重量%的水溶性纤维素。示例性的改性的纤维素是阴离子型树胶,例如以下的至少一种:琼脂胶,阿拉伯胶,茄替胶,刺梧桐树胶,瓜耳胶,果胶,刺槐豆胶,黄芪胶,罗望子胶,角叉菜胶以及汉生胶;改性淀粉;藻酸;甘露糖醛酸;古洛糖醛酸(guluronic acid),以及它们的衍生物和共聚物。优选的水溶性纤维素,羧甲基纤维素(CMC)的取代度为0.1-3.0,重均分子量为1K至1,000K。更优选地,CMC的取代度为0.7-1.2,重均分子量为40-250K。CMC的取代度是取代的纤维素分子中每个脱水葡萄糖单元上的羟基的数目。可以看作是CMC中羧酸基团的“密度”的度量。
所述溶液包含氧化剂。较佳的是,所述溶液包含0.1-25重量%的氧化剂。更佳的是,所述氧化剂的含量为5-10重量%。所述氧化剂能够特别有 效地促进溶液在低pH值范围内除去铜。所述氧化剂可以是许多种氧化性化合物中的至少一种,例如过氧化氢(H2O2),单过硫酸盐,碘酸盐,过邻苯二甲酸镁,过乙酸和其它过酸,过硫酸盐,溴酸盐,高碘酸盐,硝酸盐,铁盐,铈盐,Mn(III),Mn(IV)和Mn(VI)盐,银盐,铜盐,铬盐,钴盐,卤素,次氯酸盐以及它们的混合物。另外,经常优选使用氧化剂化合物的混合物。当抛光浆液包含不稳定的氧化剂(例如过氧化氢)的时候,经常最优选在使用的时候将氧化剂混入所述组合物中。
另外,所述溶液包含抑制剂,以控制通过静态蚀刻或其它去除机理去除有色金属,例如铜互连的速率。通过调解抑制剂的浓度,可以通过保护金属免遭静态蚀刻而调节互连金属的去除速率。较佳的是,所述溶液包含0.05-15重量%的抑制剂。最优选的是,所述溶液包含0.2-1.0重量%的抑制剂。所述抑制剂可以由抑制剂的混合物组成。吡咯抑制剂对于铜和银互连是特别有效的。常规的吡咯抑制剂包括苯并三唑(BTA),巯基苯并噻唑(MBT),甲苯基三唑(TTA)和咪唑。吡咯抑制剂的混合物能够加快或减慢铜去除速率。BTA是特别有效的用于铜和银的抑制剂。
除了抑制剂以外,所述组合物任选包含用于有色金属的配位剂。所述配位剂能够促进金属膜(例如铜)的去除速率。较佳的是,所述组合物包含0-15重量%的用于有色金属的配位剂。最佳的是,所述组合物包含0.1-1重量%的用于有色金属的配位剂。配位剂的例子包括:乙酸、柠檬酸、乙酰乙酸乙酯、羟基乙酸、亚氨基二乙酸、乳酸、苹果酸、草酸、水杨酸、二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠、琥珀酸、酒石酸、巯基乙酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、乙二胺、三甲基二胺、丙二酸、戊二酸(gluteric acid)、3-羟基丁酸、丙酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、3-羟基水杨酸、3,5-二羟基水杨酸、五倍子酸、葡糖酸、邻苯二酚、苯三酚、单宁酸、包括它们的盐和混合物。较佳的是,所述配位剂选自乙酸、柠檬酸、乙酰乙酸乙酯、羟基乙酸、亚氨基二乙酸、乳酸、苹果酸、草酸以及它们的混合物。最佳的是,所述配位剂是苹果酸和亚氨基二乙酸。
任选地,所述组合物包含0-15重量%的含磷化合物。对于本发明来说,“含磷”化合物是任意含有磷原子的化合物。一种优选的含磷化合物是例 如磷酸类、焦磷酸类、多磷酸类、膦酸类化合物,包括它们的酸、盐、混酸盐、酯、偏酯、混合酯、以及它们的混合物,例如磷酸。具体来说,优选的水性抛光组合物可以使用例如以下含磷化合物配制:磷酸锌、焦磷酸锌、多磷酸锌、膦酸锌、磷酸三铵、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸二氢铵、焦磷酸铵、多磷酸铵、膦酸铵、磷酸氢二铵、焦磷酸氢二铵、多磷酸氢二铵、膦酸氢二铵、磷酸胍、焦磷酸胍、多磷酸胍、膦酸胍、磷酸铁、焦磷酸铁、多磷酸铁、膦酸铁、磷酸铈、焦磷酸铈、多磷酸铈、膦酸铈、磷酸乙二胺、磷酸哌嗪、焦磷酸哌嗪、膦酸哌嗪、磷酸三聚氰胺、磷酸氢二(三聚氰胺)、焦磷酸三聚氰胺、多磷酸三聚氰胺、膦酸三聚氰胺、磷酸蜜白胺、焦磷酸蜜白胺、多磷酸蜜白胺、膦酸蜜白胺、磷酸蜜勒胺、焦磷酸蜜勒胺、多磷酸蜜勒胺、膦酸蜜勒胺、磷酸二氰基二酰胺、磷酸脲,包括它们的酸、盐、混酸盐、酯、偏酯、混合酯、以及它们的混合物。另外还可以使用氧化膦,硫化膦和磷烷(phosphorinane),以及膦酸类,亚磷酸类,次膦酸类,包括它们的酸、盐、混酸盐、酯、偏酯和混合酯。优选的含磷化合物是磷酸氢二铵或磷酸二氢铵。
较佳的是,本发明的抛光组合物的含磷化合物的含量能有效地在低的向下作用力压力下提高抛光速率。认为抛光组合物中即使包含痕量的含磷化合物,也能有效地进行铜的抛光。通过在组合物中使用0.01-10重量%的含磷化合物,在可以接受的抛光向下作用力的压力之下得到令人满意的抛光速率。优选含磷化合物为组合物的0.1-5重量%。最佳的是,所述含磷化合物为组合物的0.3-2重量%。
所述化合物在包含余量的水的溶液中,在宽的pH范围内都能够提供功效。所述溶液有用的pH范围为至少2-5。另外,溶液优选依赖于余量的去离子水来限制伴随的杂质。本发明的抛光液体的pH值优选为2-4.5,更优选pH值为2.5-4。用来调节本发明的组合物的pH值的酸是例如:硝酸、硫酸、盐酸、磷酸等。用来调节本发明组合物的pH值的示例性的碱为例如氢氧化铵和氢氧化钾。
本发明的组合物适用于抛光含导电金属(例如铜、铝、钨、铂、钯、金或铱)、阻挡膜或衬膜(例如钽、氮化钽、钛或氮化钛)和下面介电层的任 意半导体晶片。对于本说明书来说,术语电介质表示具有介电常数k的半导体材料,包括低k和超低k介电材料。所述组合物和方法能够极好地防止多种晶片构件的腐蚀,例如多孔和非多孔低k电介质,有机和无机低k电介质,有机硅酸盐玻璃(OSG),氟硅酸盐玻璃(FSG),碳掺杂氧化物(CDO),原硅酸四乙酯(TEOS),以及源自TEOS的二氧化硅。本发明的组合物还可用于ECMP(电化学机械抛光)。
实施例
现在将在以下实施例中详细描述本发明的一些实施方式。在这些实施例中,共聚物组合物的固体重量百分数通过重量分析法测定。通过水性凝胶渗透色谱法测定数均分子量,所述色谱法使用TSK-GEL pn/08025GMPWx和TSK-GEL pn/08020 G2500PWx柱,其与折射率检测器串联,使用磷酸钠缓冲洗脱液。
实施例1:3-MPA MAA/AA共聚物的制备
在装有机械搅拌器、温控装置、冷凝器、单体进料管道、催化剂进料管道和氮气吹扫装置的1升四颈圆底反应烧瓶中进行聚合反应。根据以下步骤加入这些组分。
共聚物组成(重量份数)MAA/AA/DI H2O/3-MPA (60/40/9)
单体混合物 180
组分) | 计算的重量.(克) | 实际重量.(克) |
MAA | 180 | 180.10 |
AA | 120 | 120.30 |
DI H2O | 150 | 150.00 |
3-MPA | 27 | 27.20 |
MMA=甲基丙烯酸,AA=聚丙烯酸,DI=去离子水,3-MPa=3-巯基丙酸引发剂混合物
组分 | 计算的重量(克) | 实际重量(克) |
DI H2O | 137.01 | 137.00 |
VAZO68WSP | 6.00 | 6.20 |
氢氧化铵 | 22.5 | 22.70 |
补加(Heel Charge)
组分 | 计算重量(克) | 实际重量(克) |
DI H2O | 700 | 700.00 |
一次性追加(Shot Chase)
组分 | 计算重量(克) | 实际重量(克) |
VAZO68WSP | 1.5 | 1.50 |
过量溶剂加入单体泵淋洗
组分 | 计算重量(克) | 实际重量(克) |
DI H2O | 180 | 余量 |
总批料重量1500.00克
方法
通过水性凝胶渗透色谱法测得数均分子量为2580。
实施例2抛光速率
在本实施例中,所有的组合物包含0.50重量%BTA,0.22重量%苹果酸,0.32重量%羧甲基纤维素(CMC),0.10重量%的各种酸性聚合物和共聚物,0.44重量%的磷酸铵,以及9.00重量%的过氧化氢,用硝酸和余量的去离子水将其pH值调节到3.5。使用应用材料有限公司(Applied Materials,Inc.)的MirraTM 200毫米抛光机对晶片进行平面化,该抛光机使用IC1010TM聚氨酯抛光垫(陶氏电子材料公司(Dow Electronic Materials)),向下作用力条件约为1.5psi(10.4kPa),抛光溶液流速150立方厘米/分钟,台板转速80RPM,支架转速75RPM。使用Kinik金刚石砂轮对抛光垫进行修整。溶液A-D表示比较例,溶液1-6表示本发明的实施例。
表1
n-DDM=C12H25-SH,3-MPA=3-巯基丙酸,MAA=甲基丙烯酸,AA=丙烯酸。
以上数据显示了分别对于甲基丙烯酸聚合物和甲基丙烯酸/聚丙烯酸共聚物,用3-MPA链转移剂制备的酸性聚合物都提供了极佳的去除速率。
实施例3 凹陷/清除
表2
n-DDM=C12H25-SH,3-MPA=3-巯基丙酸,MAA=甲基丙烯酸,AA=丙烯酸。
表2的数据表明,3-MPA链转移剂对形成图案的晶片上的100μm x100μm的特征产生可接受的凹陷。
实施例4抛光速率
表3
3-MPA=3-巯基丙酸,MAA=甲基丙烯酸和AA=丙烯酸。
以上数据显示了分别对于甲基丙烯酸聚合物和甲基丙烯酸/聚丙烯酸共聚物,用3-MPA链转移剂制备的酸性聚合物都提供了极佳的去除速率。 所述较高分子量的聚合物和共聚物会具有较高的去除速率。与包含类似共聚物以及n-DDM链转移剂链段的比较例D相比,使用3-MPA的抛光溶液6显示铜去除速率有显著提高。
实施例4凹陷/清除
表4
3-MPA=3-巯基丙酸,MAA=甲基丙烯酸和AA=丙烯酸。
以上数据表明,用3-MPA链转移剂制备的酸性聚合物得到极佳的铜凹陷以及有效的残留物清除的组合。相较于较高分子量的聚合物和共聚物,较低分子量的配制物倾向于减少铜凹陷。
如表1-4所示,加入0.10重量%的包含3-MPA的酸性聚合物能够提供有效的铜去除速率以及低的凹陷。另外,所述酸性聚合物不但促进了这些抛光性质,同时实现了有效的铜残余物清除。
Claims (8)
1.一种可用来对包含有色金属的形成图案的半导体晶片进行化学机械抛光的水性无磨料组合物,该组合物包含:氧化剂,用于所述有色金属的抑制剂,0-15重量%的水溶性改性纤维素,0-15重量%的磷化合物,0.005-5重量%的酸性聚合物,所述酸性聚合物包含甲基丙烯酸部分,所述甲基丙烯酸部分的碳数为4-250,所述甲基丙烯酸部分包含甲基丙烯酸或者丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸共聚物,所述酸性聚合物包含源自链转移剂的链段,所述链转移剂是3-巯基-丙酸,以及水。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述酸性聚合物的数均分子量为170-7,500。
3.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述甲基丙烯酸部分是丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸共聚物。
4.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述甲基丙烯酸部分是聚甲基丙烯酸。
5.一种可用来对包含有色金属的形成图案的半导体晶片进行化学机械抛光的水性无磨料组合物,该组合物包含:0.1-25重量%的氧化剂,0.05-15重量%的用于所述有色金属的抑制剂,0.01-5重量%的水溶性改性纤维素,0.01-10重量%的磷化合物,0.01-3重量%的酸性聚合物,所述酸性聚合物包含甲基丙烯酸部分,所述甲基丙烯酸部分的碳数为7-100,所述甲基丙烯酸部分包含甲基丙烯酸或者丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸共聚物,所述酸性聚合物的数均分子量为200-6000,包含源自链转移剂的链段,所述链转移剂是3-巯基-丙酸,以及水。
6.如权利要求5所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述酸性聚合物的数均分子量为500-5000。
7.如权利要求5所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述共聚物部分是丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸共聚物。
8.如权利要求5所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述甲基丙烯酸部分是聚甲基丙烯酸。
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