CN102030233B - Elevator energy efficiency measuring method based on difference mass velocity integration method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an elevator energy efficiency measuring method based on a difference mass velocity integration method. The method comprises the following steps of: at least operating an elevator once respectively under the condition of making the elevator no-load and selecting an effective load of a certain percentage of a rated load by the difference mass velocity integration method; and calculating effective mechanical energy generated when the elevator conveys the effective load and calculating electric energy correspondingly consumed when the elevator conveys the effective load by using a data processing unit so as to obtain the electric energy consumed correspondingly when the elevator produces unit effective mechanical energy to serve as the metrics of elevator energy efficiency. By the method, test operation frequency and required time are greatly reduced, and convenience is high, so that cost is reduced.

Description

Elevator energy efficiency method of measurement based on difference mass velocity integral method

Technical field

The present invention relates to machine efficiency measurement technique, relate in particular to a kind of elevator energy efficiency method of measurement and survey meter based on difference mass velocity integral method.

Background technology

Elevator is as the part of architectural energy consumption, and its energy consumption issues is by extensive concern, and China is nearly is using 1,000,000 ones, elevator, and elevator has become the important object of energy-saving and emission-reduction.By employing new technology, can significantly reduce the Energy in use of elevator, but China and even the whole world all do not have unified elevator energy efficiency definition, there is no the elevator energy efficiency method of measurement as national standard yet.Can't large tracts of land carry out because the standard omission causes the elevator energy-saving emission reduction work, also be unfavorable for guiding elevator manufacturer to adopt new and high technology to improve the efficiency of manufacturing elevator, eliminate backward, inefficient elevator.

The factor that affects elevator energy efficiency is many-sided, and elevator speed, different its efficiencies of performance load are difference also, and namely elevator energy efficiency essence changes with the elevator condition of service.The definition of elevator energy efficiency is to set up the efficiency that a generally acknowledged yardstick is weighed the different elevators of sign with measuring purpose, rational method of measurement of definition so measure the key of elevator energy efficiency, get rid of the various factors that affect elevator energy efficiency to the interference that result of a measurement causes, make result of a measurement have comparability.

The elevator energy efficiency method of measurement that has proposed at present or too simple such as causes at the bottom of measuring accuracy not approved by industry at a series of defectives, or tests loaded down with trivial details with high costs and can't use by spread.Particularly the simulated condition method of elevator energy efficiency measurement, need move into the counterweight suitable with 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% rated load toward lift car respectively, implements much time power at elevator on-site.

Elevator is special equipment, must not damage the safety of elevator to the measurement of elevator energy efficiency, so method of measurement is preferably contactless, does not relate to the signal of elevator control cabinet inside, like this intrinsic safety of guarantee method of measurement.

The elevator energy efficiency survey meter has proposed high requirement to resolution and the precision of measuring instrument, if allow elevator come and go repeatedly operation by test run work collection of illustrative plates, must lengthen the test duration, increase testing cost to causing unnecessary economic loss the owner with elevator, so preferably reduce the elevator number of run during test, the prerequisite that reduces the test run number of times is to have survey precision to guarantee.

So the basis of elevator energy efficiency survey meter is scientific and reasonable method of measurement, and satisfy simultaneously the requirement of safety, low cost, convenience three aspects:.

Summary of the invention

the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of elevator energy efficiency method of measurement based on difference mass velocity integral method, the present invention adopts difference mass velocity integral method, the measured data precision of single is high, and, minimum needs make elevator in zero load, and move once respectively in the situation of the capacity weight of a certain percentum of selected rated load, can calculate effective mechanical energy that elevator carries capacity weight to produce by data processing unit, and calculate elevator carry capacity weight the electric energy of corresponding consumption, and then obtain the electric energy of the corresponding consumption of the elevator generation effective mechanical the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge of unit as the Measure Indexes of elevator energy efficiency Q.The method test run number of times and required time greatly reduce, and convenience is high, thereby have also reduced cost.

Another object of the present invention is to provide the elevator energy efficiency survey meter of realizing above-mentioned elevator energy efficiency method of measurement based on difference mass velocity integral method.

Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the elevator energy efficiency method of measurement based on difference mass velocity integral method is specially:

The number of floor levels that moves in building according to elevator is determined the test run work collection of illustrative plates of tested elevator, sets the sampling frequency of the straight-line travelling dynamic speed of elevator three phase current, elevator three phasevoltage and car;

Under the elevator no-load state, by the operation of test run work collection of illustrative plates once, (1) calculates effective mechanical energy W that elevator no-load operational process elevator produces altogether as follows ₁:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="W"\; filenames="HDA0000030047080000012.png,HDA0000030047080000021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}_1={\&Integral;}_0^{T}M\left|V_1\right|\mathrm{dt}---\left(1\right)$

Wherein, M is the net weight of a car of supposition, and net weight M equals elevator counterweight and deducts the car own wt, V ₁The straight-line travelling dynamic speed of unloaded lower car, t determines by sampling frequency, T is elevator by test run work collection of illustrative plates operation needed time once;

According to the elevator three phase current under light condition, elevator three phasevoltage, calculate above-mentioned elevator no-load operational process, elevator the electric energy E that altogether consumes ₁

The capacity weight Δ M of a certain percentum of selected rated load is carried on elevator, elevator again by the operation of test run work collection of illustrative plates once, (2) calculate the effective mechanical energy W of generation altogether of elevator capacity weight operational process elevator institute as follows _20%:

$W_{20\%}={\&Integral;}_0^T(M-\mathrm{\&Delta;M})\left|V_{20\%}\right|\mathrm{dt}---\left(2\right)$

Wherein, M-Δ M is the net weight of elevator under capacity weight, V _20%Be the straight-line travelling dynamic speed of car under capacity weight, t determines by sampling frequency, and T is elevator by test run work collection of illustrative plates operation needed time once;

According to the elevator three phase current under the capacity weight state, elevator three phasevoltage, calculate above-mentioned elevator capacity weight operational process, elevator the electric energy E that altogether consumes _20%

Calculate according to following formula (3) effective mechanical energy W that elevator conveying Δ M produces _Z:

$W_Z=W_1-W_{20\%}={\&Integral;}_0^T\mathrm{\&Delta;M}\left|V\right|\mathrm{dt};---\left(3\right)$

Wherein, V is the lift car actual speed, and t determines by sampling frequency, and T is elevator by test run work collection of illustrative plates operation needed time once

According to following formula (4) calculate elevator carry capacity weight the electric energy E of corresponding consumption _C:

E _C＝E ₁-E _20% （4）

At last, by according to formula Q=W _Z/ E _C, obtaining the electric energy that elevator produces the corresponding consumption of the effective mechanical the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge of unit, Q is as elevator energy efficiency.

In order to reach better technique effect, described capacity weight Δ M is preferably 20% of rated load.

Preferably, described sampling frequency is set as 50KHz, because this sampling frequency is identical with the power supply power frequency supply 50Hz that adopts of China, is also that the energy data minimum interval equals the power frequency supply cycle, and digital signal processor has the high-speed computation ability, thereby has realized the various energy consumptions of real-time calculating.

Realize the elevator energy efficiency survey meter of above-mentioned elevator energy efficiency method of measurement, comprise: be used for gathering Hall current sensor, the three phase current hall signal treatment circuit of three phase current, the alligator forceps that is used for gathering three phasevoltage, float circuit of neutral point, electromagnetic induction sensor, magnetic resistance adaptive circuit and digital signal processor, described digital signal processor is provided be used to the computing module and the A/D converter that carry out difference mass velocity integral and calculating;

Described Hall current sensor is arranged on the three-phase power line input that elevator is controlled regulator cubicle, and is connected with A/D converter with the computing module of digital signal processor successively by three phase current hall signal treatment circuit; Hall current sensor obtains three phase current from three-phase power line input, pass to three phase current hall signal treatment circuit and carry out the processing such as analog filtering and range conversion, and then the A/D converter of passing to digital signal processor carries out inputting computing module after analogue to digital conversion; Three phase current hall signal treatment circuit carries out the processing such as analog filtering, range conversion to the three phase current that collects, thereby has eliminated possible signal aliasing phenomenon;

Described alligator forceps is clipped in elevator and controls on the three phasevoltage input terminal of regulator cubicle, and is connected with A/D converter with the computing module of digital signal processor successively by the circuit of neutral point that floats; Alligator forceps obtains three phasevoltage from the three phasevoltage input terminal, and passes to the circuit of neutral point that the floats neutral processing of floating, and then the A/D converter of passing to digital signal processor carries out inputting computing module after analogue to digital conversion; Described alligator forceps directly causes three-phase 380V alternating-current voltage/AC voltage on the circuit card of survey meter, the circuit of neutral point that floats adopts the neutral method of floating without distortion the 380V AC signal to be dropped in 0 ~ 3V scope, and the simulation ground that has guaranteed three-phase neutral and survey meter is independent of each other, the common ground interference problem that the simulation ground of having avoided survey meter and three-phase neutral directly are connected and produce;

Elevator traction sheave is provided with magnetic sheet, described electromagnetic induction sensor is arranged on perpendicular to the side of traction sheave and with magnetic sheet has the position of certain interval, and electromagnetic induction sensor is connected with A/D converter with the computing module of digital signal processor successively by the magnetic resistance adaptive circuit; Described electromagnetic induction sensor is based on electromagnetic induction principle, in elevator operation test process, magnetic sheet on traction sheave passes through in its vicinity, electromagnetic induction sensor just induction produces an AC signal and passes to the magnetic resistance adaptive circuit, and the magnetic resistance adaptive circuit is converted to dc pulse signal with AC signal and passes to the A/D converter of digital signal processor again and carry out inputting computing module after analogue to digital conversion.Computing module captures the interval time of dc pulse signal by collection, not only can calculate the position of rotation of traction sheave, also calculates the rotative speed of traction sheave.There are the fixed linear relation in elevator cage operation speed and traction sheave rotative speed and position of rotation, take this just can calculate the dynamic operation distance and dynamic operation speed of car.

Described digital signal processor also is provided with the FIR(finite impulse response) filter, described A/D converter is connected with computing module by this FIR filter.Pass to the FIR filter by the digital signal after the A/D converter analogue to digital conversion (comprising the digital signal after three phasevoltage, three phase current and dc pulse signal are changed) and carry out the digital filter processing, with low frequency and the radio-frequency interference of filtering elevator on-site to above-mentioned various measurement signals, guarantee the precision of measurement signal, thereby also be conducive to guarantee the precision of result of a measurement.

Described elevator traction sheave arranges magnetic sheet, described electromagnetic induction sensor is arranged on perpendicular to the side of traction sheave and with magnetic sheet has the position of certain interval, its concrete mode is: described magnetic sheet adopts magnetic links, 8 magnetic links are evenly pasted in side at elevator traction sheave, electromagnetic induction sensor is arranged on the support with three degree of freedom, electromagnetic inductor is perpendicular to the side of traction sheave, and with the gap of magnetic links be 3mm ~ 5mm.

In order better to facilitate man-machine interaction, above-mentioned elevator energy efficiency survey meter can also be provided with: the read-out that is used for display measurement procedure graph and data, the touch-screen that is used for the touch order of reception measurement process, the embedded OS that figure shows and touch screen operation is processed that is used for the control display screen, described digital signal processor is connected by the RS232 communication interface with embedded OS, and embedded OS also is connected with touch-screen with read-out respectively.Above-mentioned elevator energy efficiency survey meter also is provided with switching power supply, is connected with digital signal processor with embedded OS respectively, be responsible for to this survey meter provide+5V, ± the required insulating power supplies such as 15V.

Above-mentioned elevator energy efficiency survey meter can also be provided with the RS485 communication interface, and digital signal processor is connected with apparatus for controlling elevator by the RS485 communication interface, to realize and the communicating by letter of apparatus for controlling elevator.

Above-mentioned elevator energy efficiency survey meter can also be provided with the digital I/O interface with the photoelectricity isolation, and the action button on the survey meter panel is by digital I/O interface linking number word signal processor, to provide button input operation order to digital signal processor.

The present invention is relative and beneficial effect prior art is as follows:

1, the present invention adopts difference mass velocity integral method, the measured data precision of single is high, and, minimum needs make elevator in zero load, and move once respectively in the situation of the capacity weight of a certain percentum of selected rated load, can calculate effective mechanical energy that elevator carries capacity weight to produce by data processing unit, and calculate the electric energy that elevator is carried the corresponding consumption of capacity weight institute, and then obtain the electric energy of the corresponding consumption of the elevator generation effective mechanical the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge of unit as the Measure Indexes of elevator energy efficiency Q.The method test run number of times and required time greatly reduce, and convenience is high, thereby have also reduced cost.

2, the mechanical energy by calculating difference quality representative with the electric energy of corresponding consumption, effectively overcome story height, the interference of the disturbing factors such as elevator speed, balance coefficient of elevator to elevator energy efficiency index measurement result makes energy efficiency indexes that comparability be arranged.

3, adopt dynamic mass velocity integral and calculating, compare with the method for calculation of distance-based, effectively overcome elevator acceleration and deceleration process to the impact of result of a measurement, make the elevator energy efficiency index of gained can automatically reflect the efficiency of energy utilization of elevator acceleration and deceleration process.

4, this elevator energy efficiency survey meter is a kind of portable instrument, is applicable to all kinds of elevators of traction sheave, comprises elevator and Cargo Lift, provides safety, method of measurement easily for estimating the elevator efficiency of energy utilization.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the hardware block diagram of elevator energy efficiency survey meter;

Fig. 2 is based on the three-phase voltage signal handling principle figure of the neutral method of floating;

Fig. 3 is magnetic resistance adaptive circuit schematic diagram;

Fig. 4 is the overhaul flow chart that the present invention is based on the elevator energy efficiency method of measurement of difference mass velocity integral method;

Fig. 5 is elevator acceleration-deceleration curve model figure;

Fig. 6 is the simplified model figure of elevator principle of work;

Fig. 7 is the simplified model figure of Measurement of Elevator operation work collection of illustrative plates;

Fig. 8 is the workflow diagram of digital signal processor.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.

Embodiment

As shown in Figure 1, based on the elevator energy efficiency survey meter of difference mass velocity integral method, this instrument specifically is made of 9 part hardware:

Chromatic liquid crystal screen and touch-screen 1, it is responsible for measurement process figure and data, and the touch order that receives measurement process;

ARM9 embedded system motherboard 2, it shows and the touch screen operation processing based on the figure of WinCE embedded OS control display screen;

Switching power supply 3, be responsible for to this survey meter provide+5V, ± the required insulating power supplies such as 15V;

Expansion RS485 communication interface 4 is kept for the elevator energy efficiency survey meter use of communicating by letter with apparatus for controlling elevator;

Digital signal processor (TMS320F2808) 5, it realizes the data such as high-speed sampling voltage, electric current, speed, and carry out digital signal filtering and process, calculate in real time the elevator energy efficiency index, specifically comprise be used to the computing module that carries out difference mass velocity integral and calculating, A/D converter and FIR filter;

With the digital I/O interface 6 of photoelectricity isolation, the action button on the survey meter panel is by digital I/O interface linking number word signal processor, to provide button input operation order to digital signal processor;

Magnetic resistance adaptive circuit 7, the magnetic resistance adaptive circuit is converted into the receptible dc pulse signal of digital signal processor to the AC signal of sensor output;

Unsteady circuit of neutral point 8 is with high fidelity reduced to 0 ~ 3V direct current signal to 380V ac high-voltage signal;

Three phase current hall signal treatment circuit 9 carries out the processing such as analog filtering, range conversion to the ac current signal that measures, thereby has eliminated possible signal aliasing phenomenon.In fact, by adopting said method, various signals all carry out hardware simulation filtering before carrying out the A/D conversion processes, and eliminates possible signal aliasing phenomenon.

Fig. 2 is the neutral method three-phase voltage signal handling principle figure that floats.The electric energy that consumes for measuring elevator needs to measure three phasevoltage.For ease of field wiring, directly get U, V, W three phasevoltage, the three phasevoltage neutral is UF point in Fig. 2, the simulation of the relative instrument of voltage that UF is ordered to float to change, if the simulation of UF and instrument ground directly is connected, may produces ground wire circulation, the operation of interference Instrument.For overcoming the indefinite impact that causes of neutral point voltage, here the difference of phase voltage signal VPH and neutral signal UF is input in op amp U60D, be the high potential decay the less signal of amplitude with high-power resistance R601 and R602 simultaneously.In addition because phase voltage is AC signal, superposeed at the in-phase input end of op amp U60C+bias voltage of 2.5V, make the signal V that is input to digital signal processor _inFor just and variation range be 0-3V.By unsteady circuit of neutral point shown in Figure 2, can accurately obtain three-phase voltage signal, and not be subjected to the impact of three phasevoltage neutral point voltage fluctuation.

Fig. 3 is magnetic resistance adaptive circuit schematic diagram.Adopt electromagnetic induction sensor to measure position of rotation and the rotative speed of elevator traction sheave, whenever traction sheave upper magnetic steel sheet process electromagnetic induction sensor, sensor is just exported an alternating-current pulse signal, the amplitude of this signal and frequency are both with the rotation speed change of traction sheave, also change with the size of the air-gap reluctance between sensor and magnetic links, amplitude may be changed to 36V from 0.3V.For detecting this ac voltage signal, can not adopt the fixing relatively voltage comparison method of threshold value, threshold value need be followed the voltage signal amplitude and be changed.Voltage U in Fig. 2 on capacitor C e _CBe the voltage peak that captures, and the comparative voltage U of op amp 1 _Door≈ 80%U _C, only have U _i＞U _DoorJust trigging pulse output, the automatic various disturbing pulses of filtering.Thereby guarantee that circuit at this strong electromagnetic radiation occasion energy of elevator on-site reliable operation, has good anti-outside electromagnetic interference ability.

Fig. 4 is the testing process of difference mass velocity integral method, and Fig. 5 is the acceleration-deceleration curve simplified model of elevator operation, and Fig. 6 is the simplified model of elevator principle of work.

Testing process below in conjunction with Fig. 5 and 4 expressions of Fig. 6 instruction diagram.As shown in Figure 6, the elevator principle of work is that electrical motor passes through supporting speed reduction gearing driving traction sheave, then by the cable traction lift car up-and-down movement on traction sheave.The running velocity of car and run curve are generally good by computer settings, are not subjected to the impact of elevator load size.Because " distance=∫ speed dt ", so measure the traction sheave rotative speed, to its integration, car miles of relative movement just can know for sure.

As shown in square frame in Fig. 4 11, the traction sheave radius r need be first measured in expression ₁Thereby, can be according to the traction sheave speed n that measures ₂, n ₂Unit get rev/min, calculate the straight-line travelling dynamic speed of car.

As shown in square frame in Fig. 4 12, according to the rated load of elevator, suppose the net weight M of a car, namely elevator counterweight deducts the car own wt, and the M value need not be very accurate, and it does not affect result of a measurement.So-called Measurement of Elevator operation work collection of illustrative plates is also the periodical duty collection of illustrative plates, refers to according to the elevator operating floor number, sets interlayer, specifically can be and does not establish intermediate station below 8 layers, and 9 ~ 15 stops are established an intermediate landing; Establish 2 intermediate landings for 16 ~ 22 layers, by that analogy.Elevator is by operation shown in Figure 7, starts from bottom and bottom finally.

As square frame in Fig. 4 13, press

Calculate the effective mechanical energy W of generation altogether of elevator no-load operational process elevator institute ₁, T is for by test run work collection of illustrative plates operation once, test duration of a circulation namely, W ₁Unit is ton/km.

As square frame in Fig. 4 14, loaded the counterweight Δ M of 20% specified elevator load when elevator after, the net weight of elevator is M-Δ M.Under load modes, elevator capacity weight operational process elevator effective mechanical energy W of altogether producing _20%, be to highlight to have loaded 20% elevator rated load and accurately known concrete quality size with 20% as subscript.

As square frame in Fig. 4 15, although unloaded different from 20% load elevator load, but Elevator Running Speed Cueve is the same, and the unloaded major cause different from 20% load elevator consumption electric energy is to have added 20% load Δ M, and Δ M is exactly ben difference quality in the present invention.According to zero load and load measurement results, calculate effective mechanical energy that elevator conveying Δ M produces

And elevator carry capacity weight Δ M the electric energy of corresponding consumption be E _C=E ₁-E _20%

At last, by according to formula Q=W _Z/ E _C, obtaining the electric energy that elevator produces the corresponding consumption of the effective mechanical the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge of unit, Q is as elevator energy efficiency.As square frame in Fig. 4 16, what measure due to preceding step is the mechanical energy that in a repetition period, elevator produces for " difference quality ", and to obtain that elevator produces mechanical energy be the consumption of current of 1 ton of km so will convert.According to " 1 ton of km consumption of current=1 ton km * E _C/ W _Z" formula, try to achieve elevator ton km consumption of current, and with this Measure Indexes as the elevator efficiency of energy utilization.

Fig. 8 is the workflow diagram of digital signal processor, and the operational process of digital signal processor (DSP) is in the ARM9 man machine interface embedded system of upper computer status and controls.Before measuring beginning, the DSP circular wait begins to measure communications command, and after receiving measuring command, the DSP discriminating measurement is idle mode or 20% load model.After elevator brought into operation, DSP processed the advanced line number word of the signal filtering that collects, and relevant electric energy and mechanical energy in real time then add up.When the cyclic process end, DSP calculates mutually deserved elevator energy efficiency index.Last DSP passes to the ARM9 man-machine interface system to result of a measurement by the RS232 communication interface, in order to showing.

Above-described embodiment is the typical embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the examples; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. based on the elevator energy efficiency method of measurement of difference mass velocity integral method, it is characterized in that: be specially:

The number of floor levels that moves in building according to elevator is determined the test run work collection of illustrative plates of tested elevator, sets the sampling frequency of the straight-line travelling dynamic speed of elevator three phase current, elevator three phasevoltage and car;

Under the elevator no-load state, by test run work collection of illustrative plates operation once, (1) calculates the effective mechanical energy W of generation altogether of elevator no-load operational process elevator institute as follows ₁:

Wherein, M is the net weight of a car of supposition, and net weight M equals elevator counterweight and deducts the car own wt, V ₁Be the straight-line travelling dynamic speed of car under zero load, t determines by sampling frequency, and T is elevator by test run work collection of illustrative plates operation needed time once;

According to the elevator three phase current under light condition, elevator three phasevoltage, calculate above-mentioned elevator no-load operational process, elevator the electric energy E that altogether consumes ₁

The capacity weight Δ M of a certain percentum of selected rated load is carried on elevator, elevator again by the operation of test run work collection of illustrative plates once, (2) calculate the effective mechanical energy W of generation altogether of elevator capacity weight operational process elevator institute as follows _20%:

Wherein, M-Δ M is the net weight of elevator under capacity weight, V _20%Be the straight-line travelling dynamic speed of car under capacity weight, t determines by sampling frequency, and T is elevator by test run work collection of illustrative plates operation needed time once;

According to the elevator three phase current under the capacity weight state, elevator three phasevoltage, calculate above-mentioned elevator capacity weight operational process, elevator the electric energy E that altogether consumes _20%

Calculate according to following formula (3) effective mechanical energy W that elevator conveying Δ M produces _Z:

Wherein, Δ M is i.e. 20% rated load of capacity weight, and V is the lift car actual speed, and t determines by sampling frequency, and T is elevator by test run work collection of illustrative plates operation needed time once;

According to following formula (4) calculate elevator carry capacity weight the electric energy E of corresponding consumption _C:

E _C＝E ₁-E _20% （4）

At last, by according to formula Q=W _Z/ E _C, obtaining the electric energy that elevator produces the corresponding consumption of the effective mechanical the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge of unit, Q is as elevator energy efficiency.

2. the elevator energy efficiency method of measurement based on difference mass velocity integral method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sampling frequency is set as 50KHz.

Images