Elevator energy efficiency method of measurement and survey meter based on difference mass velocity integral method
Technical field
The present invention relates to machine efficiency measurement technique, relate in particular to a kind of elevator energy efficiency method of measurement and survey meter based on difference mass velocity integral method.
Background technology
Elevator is as the part of architectural energy consumption, and its energy consumption issues is by extensive concern, and China is nearly to use 1,000,000 ones in elevator, and elevator has become the important object of energy-saving and emission-reduction.By employing new technology, can significantly reduce the use energy consumption of elevator, but the China and even the whole world all there is not unified elevator energy efficiency definition, do not have the elevator energy efficiency method of measurement as national standard yet.Because the standard omission causes elevator energy-saving reduction of discharging work large tracts of land to carry out, also be unfavorable for guiding elevator manufacturer to adopt new and high technology to improve the efficiency of manufacturing elevator, eliminate backward, inefficient elevator.
The factor that influences elevator energy efficiency is many-sided, and elevator speed, different its efficiencies of performance load are difference also, and promptly elevator energy efficiency essence changes with the elevator condition of service.The definition of elevator energy efficiency is to set up the electrical usage efficient that a generally acknowledged yardstick is weighed the different elevators of sign with measuring purpose, so measure the key of elevator energy efficiency is rational method of measurement of definition, get rid of the various factors that influence elevator energy efficiency to the interference that result of a measurement caused, make result of a measurement have comparability.
The elevator energy efficiency method of measurement that has proposed at present or too simple such as causes at the bottom of the measuring accuracy not approved by industry at a series of defectives, or tests loaded down with trivial details with high costs and can't large tracts of land promote the use of.Particularly the simulated condition method measured of elevator energy efficiency needs move into and the cooresponding counterweight of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% rated load toward lift car respectively, in the elevator field conduct time-consuming consumption power of getting up.
Elevator is a special equipment, must not damage the safety of elevator to the measurement of elevator energy efficiency, so method of measurement is preferably contactless, does not relate to elevator control cabinet in-to-in signal, could guarantee the intrinsic safety of method of measurement like this.
The elevator energy efficiency survey meter has proposed high requirement to the resolution and the precision of measuring instrument, if allow elevator come and go repeatedly operation by test run work collection of illustrative plates, must extend the test duration, increased testing cost to causing unnecessary economic loss owner with elevator, so preferably reduce the elevator number of run during test, the prerequisite that reduces the test run number of times is to have survey precision to guarantee.
So the basis of elevator energy efficiency survey meter is scientific and reasonable method of measurement, and satisfy the requirement of safety, low cost, convenience three aspects simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of elevator energy efficiency method of measurement based on difference mass velocity integral method, the present invention adopts difference mass velocity integral method, the data precision height that single is measured, and, minimum needs make elevator in zero load, and move once respectively under the situation of the capacity weight of a certain percentum of selected rated load, can calculate elevator by data processing unit and carry effective mechanical energy that capacity weight produced, and calculate the electric energy that elevator is carried the corresponding consumption of capacity weight institute, and then obtain the tolerance index of the electric energy of the corresponding consumption of the elevator generation effective mechanical the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge of unit as elevator energy efficiency Q.This method test run number of times and required time significantly reduce, the convenience height, thus also reduced cost.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the elevator energy efficiency survey meter of realizing above-mentioned elevator energy efficiency method of measurement based on difference mass velocity integral method.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the elevator energy efficiency method of measurement based on difference mass velocity integral method is specially:
The number of floor levels that moves in building according to elevator is determined the test run work collection of illustrative plates of tested elevator, sets the sampling frequency of the straight-line travelling dynamic speed of elevator three phase current, elevator three phasevoltage and car;
Under the elevator light condition, by the operation of test run work collection of illustrative plates once, (1) calculates effective mechanical energy W that elevator no-load run process elevator produces altogether as follows
1:
Wherein, M is the net weight of a car of supposition, and net weight M equals elevator counterweight and deducts the car own wt, the straight-line travelling dynamic speed of car under the V zero load, t
1By the sampling frequency decision, T is that unloaded elevator is by the test run work collection of illustrative plates once needed time of operation;
According to the elevator three phase current under the light condition, elevator three phasevoltage, calculate above-mentioned elevator no-load run process, elevator the electric energy E that consumes altogether
20%
The capacity weight Δ M of a certain percentum of selected rated load is carried on the elevator, elevator once more once by the operation of test run work collection of illustrative plates, (2) calculate the effective mechanical energy W of generation altogether of elevator capacity weight operational process elevator institute as follows
20%:
Wherein, M-Δ M is the net weight of elevator under the capacity weight, V
2Be the straight-line travelling dynamic speed of car under the capacity weight, t
2By sampling frequency decision, T
2For the capacity weight elevator moves the once needed time by test run work collection of illustrative plates;
According to the elevator three phase current under the capacity weight state, elevator three phasevoltage, calculate above-mentioned elevator capacity weight operational process, elevator the electric energy E that consumes altogether
20%
Calculate elevator according to following formula (3) and transport effective mechanical energy W that Δ M is produced
Z:
According to following formula (4) calculate elevator carry capacity weight the electric energy E of corresponding consumption
C:
E
C=E
1-E
20% (4)
At last, by according to formula Q=W
Z/ E
C, obtaining the electric energy that elevator produces the corresponding consumption of the effective mechanical the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge of unit, Q is as elevator energy efficiency.
In order to reach better technique effect, described capacity weight Δ M is preferably 20% of rated load.
Preferably, described sampling frequency is set at 50KHz, because this sampling frequency is identical with the power supply power frequency supply 50Hz that China is adopted, also is that the energy data minimum interval equals the power frequency supply cycle, and digital signal processor has the high-speed computation ability, thereby has realized the various energy consumptions of real-time calculating.
Realize the elevator energy efficiency survey meter of above-mentioned elevator energy efficiency method of measurement, comprise: be used to gather Hall current sensor, the three phase current hall signal treatment circuit of three phase current, the alligator forceps that is used to gather three phasevoltage, float circuit of neutral point, electromagnetic induction sensor, magnetic resistance adaptive circuit and digital signal processor, described digital signal processor is provided with computing module and the A/D converter that is used to carry out difference mass velocity integral and calculating;
Described Hall current sensor is installed in the three-phase power line input of elevator control regulator cubicle, and is connected with A/D converter with the computing module of digital signal processor successively by three phase current hall signal treatment circuit; Hall current sensor obtains three phase current from three-phase power line input, pass to three phase current hall signal treatment circuit and carry out processing such as analog filtering and range conversion, and then the A/D converter of passing to digital signal processor carries out importing computing module behind the analogue to digital conversion; Three phase current hall signal treatment circuit carries out processing such as analog filtering, range conversion to the three phase current that collects, thereby has eliminated possible signal aliasing phenomenon;
Described alligator forceps is clipped on the three phasevoltage input terminal of elevator control regulator cubicle, and is connected with A/D converter with the computing module of digital signal processor successively by the circuit of neutral point that floats; Alligator forceps obtains three phasevoltage from the three phasevoltage input terminal, and passes to the circuit of neutral point that the floats neutral processing of floating, and then the A/D converter of passing to digital signal processor carries out importing computing module behind the analogue to digital conversion; Described alligator forceps directly causes three-phase 380V alternating-current voltage/AC voltage on the circuit card of survey meter, the circuit of neutral point that floats adopts the neutral method of floating without distortion the 380V AC signal to be dropped in 0~3V scope, and the simulation ground that has guaranteed three-phase neutral and survey meter is independent of each other, the common ground interference problem that the simulation ground of having avoided survey meter and three-phase neutral directly link to each other and produced;
The elevator traction wheel is provided with magnetic sheet, described electromagnetic induction sensor is arranged on perpendicular to the side of traction sheave and with magnetic sheet has the position of certain interval, and electromagnetic induction sensor is connected with A/D converter with the computing module of digital signal processor successively by the magnetic resistance adaptive circuit; Described electromagnetic induction sensor is based on electromagnetic induction principle, in the elevator operation test process, magnetic sheet on traction sheave passes through in its vicinity, electromagnetic induction sensor just induction produces an AC signal and passes to the magnetic resistance adaptive circuit, and the magnetic resistance adaptive circuit is converted to dc pulse signal with AC signal and passes to the A/D converter of digital signal processor again and carry out importing computing module behind the analogue to digital conversion.Computing module captures the pitch time of dc pulse signal by collection, not only can calculate the position of rotation of traction sheave, also calculates the rotative speed of traction sheave.There is the fixed linear relation in elevator cage operation speed with traction sheave rotative speed and position of rotation, takes this just can calculate the dynamic operation distance and dynamic operation speed of car.
Described digital signal processor also is provided with FIR (finite impulse response) filter, and described A/D converter is connected with computing module by this FIR filter.Pass to the FIR filter by the digital signal behind the A/D converter analogue to digital conversion (comprising the digital signal after three phasevoltage, three phase current and dc pulse signal are changed) and carry out the digital filter processing, with low frequency and the radio-frequency interference of filtering elevator scene to above-mentioned various measurement signals, guarantee precision of signal, thereby also help guaranteeing the precision of result of a measurement.
Described elevator traction wheel is provided with magnetic sheet, described electromagnetic induction sensor is arranged on perpendicular to the side of traction sheave and with magnetic sheet has the position of certain interval, its concrete mode is: described magnetic sheet adopts magnetic links, 8 magnetic links are evenly pasted in side at the elevator traction wheel, electromagnetic induction sensor is installed on the support with three degree of freedom, electromagnetic inductor is perpendicular to the side of traction sheave, and with the gap of magnetic links be 3mm~5mm.
In order better to make things convenient for man-machine interaction, above-mentioned elevator energy efficiency survey meter can also be provided with: the read-out that is used to show measurement process figure and data, be used to receive the touch-screen of the touch order of measurement process, be used for the graphic display of control display screen and the embedded OS that touch screen operation is handled, described digital signal processor is connected by the RS232 communication interface with embedded OS, and embedded OS also is connected with touch-screen with read-out respectively.Above-mentioned elevator energy efficiency survey meter also is provided with switching power supply, respectively with digital signal processor, is connected with digital signal processor with embedded OS respectively, be responsible for to this survey meter provide+5V, ± required insulating power supplies such as 15V.
Above-mentioned elevator energy efficiency survey meter can also be provided with the RS485 communication interface, and digital signal processor is connected with apparatus for controlling elevator by the RS485 communication interface, to realize and the communicating by letter of apparatus for controlling elevator.
Above-mentioned elevator energy efficiency survey meter can also be provided with the digital I/O interface that band photoelectricity is isolated, and the action button on the survey meter panel is by digital I/O interface linking number word signal processor, to provide button input operation order to digital signal processor.
The present invention's beneficial effect relative and prior art is as follows:
1, the present invention adopts difference mass velocity integral method, the data precision height that single is measured, and, minimum needs make elevator in zero load, and move once respectively under the situation of the capacity weight of a certain percentum of selected rated load, can calculate elevator by data processing unit and carry effective mechanical energy that capacity weight produced, and calculate the electric energy that elevator is carried the corresponding consumption of capacity weight institute, and then obtain the tolerance index of the electric energy of the corresponding consumption of the elevator generation effective mechanical the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge of unit as elevator energy efficiency Q.This method test run number of times and required time significantly reduce, the convenience height, thus also reduced cost.
2, the mechanical energy by calculating difference quality representative with the electric energy of corresponding consumption, effectively overcome story height, disturbing factors such as elevator speed, balance coefficient of elevator make energy efficiency indexes that comparability be arranged to elevator energy efficiency index measurement result's interference.
3, adopt dynamic mass velocity integral and calculating, compare, effectively overcome of the influence of elevator acceleration and deceleration process, make the elevator energy efficiency index of gained can reflect the efficiency of energy utilization of elevator acceleration and deceleration process automatically result of a measurement with method of calculation based on distance.
4, this elevator energy efficiency survey meter is a kind of portable instrument, is applicable to all kinds of elevators of traction sheave, comprises elevator and Cargo Lift, provides safety, method of measurement easily for estimating the elevator efficiency of energy utilization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the hardware block diagram of elevator energy efficiency survey meter;
Fig. 2 is based on the three-phase voltage signal handling principle figure of the neutral method of floating;
Fig. 3 is a magnetic resistance adaptive circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the testing process figure that the present invention is based on the elevator energy efficiency method of measurement of difference mass velocity integral method;
Fig. 5 is elevator acceleration-deceleration curve model figure;
Fig. 6 is the simplified model figure of elevator principle of work;
Fig. 7 is the simplified model figure of elevator test run work collection of illustrative plates;
Fig. 8 is the workflow diagram of digital signal processor.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, based on the elevator energy efficiency survey meter of difference mass velocity integral method, this instrument specifically is made of 9 part hardware:
Chromatic liquid crystal screen and touch-screen 1, it is responsible for measurement process figure and data, and the touch order that receives measurement process;
ARM9 embedded system motherboard 2, it is handled based on the graphic display and the touch screen operation of WinCE embedded OS control display screen;
Switching power supply 3, be responsible for to this survey meter provide+5V, ± required insulating power supplies such as 15V;
Expansion RS485 communication interface 4 is kept for the elevator energy efficiency survey meter usefulness of communicating by letter with apparatus for controlling elevator;
Digital signal processor (TMS320F2808) 5, it realizes data such as high-speed sampling voltage, electric current, speed, and carry out digital signal filtering and handle, calculate the elevator energy efficiency index in real time, specifically comprise the computing module, A/D converter and the FIR filter that are used to carry out difference mass velocity integral and calculating;
The digital I/O interface 6 that band photoelectricity is isolated, the action button on the survey meter panel are by digital I/O interface linking number word signal processor, to provide button input operation order to digital signal processor;
Magnetic resistance adaptive circuit 7, the magnetic resistance adaptive circuit is converted into the receptible dc pulse signal of digital signal processor to the AC signal of sensor output;
Unsteady circuit of neutral point 8 is with high fidelity reduced to 0~3V direct current signal to 380V ac high-voltage signal;
Three phase current hall signal treatment circuit 9 carries out processing such as analog filtering, range conversion to the ac current signal that measures, thereby has eliminated possible signal aliasing phenomenon.In fact, by adopting said method, various signals all carry out the hardware simulation Filtering Processing before carrying out the A/D conversion, eliminate possible signal aliasing phenomenon.
Fig. 2 is the neutral method three-phase voltage signal handling principle figure that floats.For measuring the electric energy that elevator consumes, need to measure three phasevoltage.For ease of field wiring, directly get U, V, W three phasevoltage, the three phasevoltage neutral is a UF point among Fig. 2, the simulation ground of the relative instrument of voltage that UF is ordered is to float to change, if UF is directly linked to each other with the simulation ground of instrument, may produce ground wire circulation, the operation of interference Instrument.For overcoming the indefinite influence that causes of neutral point voltage, here the difference of phase voltage signal VPH and neutral signal UF is input among the op amp U60D, be the high potential decay the less signal of amplitude with high-power resistance R601 and R602 simultaneously.In addition because phase voltage is an AC signal, superposeed at the in-phase input end of op amp U60C+bias voltage of 2.5V, make the signal V that is input to digital signal processor
InFor just and variation range be 0-3V.By unsteady circuit of neutral point shown in Figure 2, can accurately obtain three-phase voltage signal, and not be subjected to the influence of three phasevoltage neutral point voltage fluctuation.
Fig. 3 is a magnetic resistance adaptive circuit schematic diagram.Adopt electromagnetic induction sensor to measure the position of rotation and the rotative speed of elevator traction wheel, whenever traction sheave upper magnetic steel sheet process electromagnetic induction sensor, sensor is just exported an alternating-current pulse signal, the amplitude of this signal and frequency are both with the rotation speed change of traction sheave, also change with the size of the air-gap reluctance between sensor and magnetic links, amplitude may be changed to 36V from 0.3V.For detecting this ac voltage signal, can not adopt the fixing relatively voltage comparison method of threshold value, threshold value need be followed the voltage signal amplitude and be changed.Voltage U among Fig. 2 on the capacitor C e
CBe the voltage peak that captures, and the comparative voltage U of op amp 1
Door≈ 80%U
C, then have only U
i>U
DoorJust trigging pulse output, the automatic various disturbing pulses of filtering.Thereby guarantee that circuit at the on-the-spot this strong electromagnetic radiation occasion energy reliable operation of elevator, has good anti-outside electromagnetic interference ability.
Fig. 4 is the testing process of difference mass velocity integral method, and Fig. 5 is the acceleration-deceleration curve simplified model of elevator operation, and Fig. 6 is the simplified model of elevator principle of work.
Testing process below in conjunction with Fig. 5 and 4 expressions of Fig. 6 instruction diagram.As shown in Figure 6, the elevator principle of work is that electrical motor passes through supporting speed reduction gearing driving traction sheave, again by the cable traction lift car up-and-down movement on the traction sheave.The running velocity of car and run curve are generally good by computer settings, are not subjected to the influence of elevator magnitude of load.Because " distance=∫ speed dt ", so measure the traction sheave rotative speed, to its integration, car miles of relative movement just can know for sure.
Shown in square frame among Fig. 4 11, expression need be measured the traction sheave radius r earlier
1Thereby, can be according to the traction sheave speed n that measures
2, n
2Unit get rev/min, calculate the straight-line travelling dynamic speed of car.
Shown in square frame among Fig. 4 12, according to the rated load of elevator, suppose the net weight M of a car, promptly elevator counterweight deducts the car own wt, and the M value need not be very accurate, and it does not influence result of a measurement.So-called elevator test run work collection of illustrative plates also is the periodical duty collection of illustrative plates, is meant according to elevator operation number of floor levels, sets interlayer, specifically can be and does not establish intermediate station below 8 layers, and 9~15 stops are established an intermediate landing; Establish 2 intermediate landings for 16~22 layers, by that analogy.Elevator is by operation shown in Figure 7, starts from bottom and bottom finally.
As square frame among Fig. 4 13, press
Calculate the effective mechanical energy W of generation altogether of elevator no-load run process elevator institute
1, T is for by test run work collection of illustrative plates operation once, on-cycle test duration just, W
1Unit is the ton km.
As square frame among Fig. 4 14, loaded the counterweight Δ M of 20% specified elevator load when elevator after, the net weight of elevator is M-Δ M.Under the load modes, elevator capacity weight operational process elevator effective mechanical energy W of producing altogether
20%, be to highlight to have loaded 20% elevator rated load and accurately known concrete quality size as subscript with 20%.
As square frame among Fig. 4 15, although it is unloaded different with 20% load elevator load, but the elevator speed curve is the same, and the unloaded major cause different with 20% load elevator consumed power is to have added 20% load Δ M, and Δ M is exactly a ben difference quality among the present invention.According to zero load and load measurement results, calculate elevator and transport effective mechanical energy that Δ M is produced
And elevator carry capacity weight Δ M the electric energy of corresponding consumption be E
C=E
1-E
20%
At last, by according to formula Q=W
Z/ E
C, obtaining the electric energy that elevator produces the corresponding consumption of the effective mechanical the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge of unit, Q is as elevator energy efficiency.As square frame among Fig. 4 16, be the mechanical energy that elevator is produced at " difference quality " in the repetition period because preceding step measures, to obtain that elevator produces mechanical energy be the consumption of current of 1 ton of km so will convert.According to " 1 ton of km consumption of current=1 ton km * E
C/ W
Z" formula, try to achieve elevator ton km consumption of current, and with this tolerance index as the elevator efficiency of energy utilization.
Fig. 8 is the workflow diagram of digital signal processor, and the operational process of digital signal processor (DSP) is in the ARM9 man machine interface embedded system of upper computer status and controls.Before measuring beginning, the DSP circular wait begins to measure communications command, receive measuring command after, the DSP discriminating measurement is idle mode or 20% load model.After elevator brings into operation, the signal advanced line number word Filtering Processing of DSP to collecting, relevant electric energy and mechanical energy then in real time add up.When the cyclic process end, DSP calculates mutually deserved elevator energy efficiency index.Last DSP passes to the ARM9 man-machine interface system to result of a measurement by the RS232 communication interface, in order to showing.
The foregoing description is a typical embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the examples; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spirit of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.