CN102029299B - Multidirectional combined type circulating upsetting device and upsetting method - Google Patents
Multidirectional combined type circulating upsetting device and upsetting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102029299B CN102029299B CN2010105959100A CN201010595910A CN102029299B CN 102029299 B CN102029299 B CN 102029299B CN 2010105959100 A CN2010105959100 A CN 2010105959100A CN 201010595910 A CN201010595910 A CN 201010595910A CN 102029299 B CN102029299 B CN 102029299B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multidirectional combined type circulating upsetting device and an upsetting method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of plastic forming. The upsetting device comprises a forward upsetting device and a lateral upsetting device. The method comprises the following steps of: in the forward upsetting process, prearranging bar blanks of which the cross sections are square in a forward upper die cavity of the forward upsetting device, so that the blanks are subjected to compressive plastic deformation downwards to fill in a forward lower die cavity finally; opening the forward upsetting device, taking the blanks out and putting the blanks in a lateral upper die cavity of the lateral upsetting device, with the side face facing downward, so that test samples are subjected to lateral upsetting deformation towards an lateral opening in a lateral lower die, and stopping pressing until a lateral punch presses to a parting surface of the lateral upsetting device; and repeating the steps for multiple times to perform multidirectional combined type upsetting circularly. By the upsetting device, superfine crystal blocks with uniform tissue can be prepared, so the upsetting device is used for preparing various superfine crystal materials such as pure metals, alloys, intermetallic compounds, composite materials, high polymer materials, semiconductor materials and the like.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is the method in a kind of plastic forming technology field, specifically is a kind of multidirectional combined type circulation upsetting pressure device and upsetting pressure method.
Background technology
The large plastometric set technology is called for short SPD and has significant crystal grain thinning ability, can the grain structure of material be refine to sub-micron even nanoscale, and being known as by international material educational circles is the most promising method of preparation block nanometer and super fine crystal material.But the continuity of block materials structural homogenity and technology, controllability are the subject matter of large plastometric set technology always.
Literature search through to prior art is found; Chinese patent ZL200710045628.3; Denomination of invention: the upsetting pressure mould of preparation bulk super fine crystal material, the branch type die that this patent adopts upper and lower die cavity to constitute is through utilizing the drift identical with the upper impression cross section; Material to being positioned at upper impression is exerted pressure, and material gets into lower impressions under this pressure effect.Because upper and lower cavity shape is identical but become 90 ° of angles, make every time upsetting pressure distortion after, the material that experiences violent detrusion returns to original form.Drift is return, and after opening mould pin and taking out material, can put into upper impression once more and carry out second passage upsetting pressure processing.These technological characteristics are following: the material grains size of (1) preparation is tiny, can reach 100nm～1 μ m; 2 material processed receive the intense shear effect, and deflection is big, and are difficult for breaking; 3 can prepare the sample of bulk, and block shape before and after processing is identical, can realize that multiple tracks processes to come the accumulative total dependent variable repeatedly, thereby reach the effect of crystal grain thinning.Squeeze and reached 360 ° of circumferential flow though this technology has surmounted equal channel angle aspect flowing at material; But because for reaching carrying out smoothly of multi-pass processing; Must guarantee that sample has an identical size before and after processing, to such an extent as to adopt on the counterdie cavity design with respect on model cavity become the equal-volume structure of 90 ° of angles.This structure has caused material in fact not have left and right directions so abundant flowing of fore-and-aft direction.Thereby on the one hand the deflection size of material work in-process is restricted, and on the other hand because the front and back surface current is moving restricted, it is lower to shear the interlaced dislocation degree of high density that Plastic Forming causes, influences grain refining effect.
Further retrieval is found; People such as K.B.Nie print at " Materials Science and Engineering A " Materials Science and Engineering A; 2010; In last " Multidirectional forging of magnesium matrix composites:Effect on microstructures and tensile properties " (multiway forging is to the influence of magnesium base composite material microstructure and the tensile property) literary composition delivered of 527:7364-7368; A kind of multiway forging processing mode and shaping principle thereof have been introduced; This method is to utilize the motion on the pneumatic hammer hammerhead vertical direction that the hexahedron sample is forged processing at its length and width and high direction successively; Through forging, make that material forms in deformation process that significant grain orientation is different, the characteristic of Zona transformans and the interlaced distribution of little shear band in orthogonal three directions of three dimensions.These Microstructure characteristics have significant impact to the ultra-fineization process of material, make the degree of grain refinement of material obviously be superior to common unidirectional forging.But, during with the more difficult material of this method preparation distortion, needing usually to select processing temperature higher, high temperature process produces harmful effect to the grain refinement of material.If select temperature lower,, be easy to form the side arc in the process because material side does not have the reaction force restriction of mould; Be difficult for returning to original-shape after every work step processing; Thereby be not easy to following process, more have severe patient even generating material side to break, cause the processing failure.In addition, be not similar to the turning detrusion that equal channel angle squeezes, every time deflection of multiway forging is less, and still there is certain deficiency in prepared super fine crystal material aspect uniformity of organizing and the degree of refinement.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the above-mentioned deficiency that prior art exists; A kind of multidirectional combined type circulation upsetting pressure device and upsetting pressure method are provided; Through the compound upsetting pressure distortion of the circulation of forward upsetting pressure and side direction upsetting pressure; Realize the ultra-fine crystal block body of preparation even tissue, can be used for preparing multiple super fine crystal materials such as simple metal, alloy, intermetallic compound, composite, macromolecular material, semi-conducting material.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme, the present invention includes following steps:
The first step, forward upsetting pressure process: the square-section pieces of bar stock is preset on the forward of forward upsetting pressure device in the model cavity, utilizes the forward drift to apply the pressure of 20～300t, make blank that compressive plastic deformation take place downwards, and finally fill full forward counterdie die cavity;
Described blank is being put into model cavity on the forward the advance preheating and the insulation of 200～500 ℃ of row, and blank holding temperature in whole forward upsetting pressure process is constant simultaneously.
Described forward upsetting pressure device comprises: forward patrix, forward counterdie and forward drift, and wherein: the forward patrix and the forward counterdie that are provided with up and down contact, and the model cavity cross section cooperates on forward drift sectional dimension and the forward;
The place, axle center, middle part of described forward patrix is provided with model cavity on the forward from top to bottom, and model cavity runs through top-down through hole of whole forward patrix formation on this forward; The place, axle center, top of described forward counterdie is provided with the forward counterdie die cavity of square-section, and the height of this forward counterdie die cavity equals the cross section length of side of model cavity.
The shape of described blank before and after forward upsetting pressure distortion in from the forward the bar-shaped bulk that becomes forward counterdie die cavity in square-section of model cavity.Blank gets into forward counterdie die cavity from bottom to top in the deformation process, in 360 ° of directions of its all round the horizon sufficient plastic deformation takes place.Constancy of volume before and after the blank deformation, but the acute variation from bar-shaped to bulk takes place in shape.Blank deformation extent on the direction of four axles of level is even, and material flow direction is therefrom mind-set divergent shape all around.
Second step; Open forward upsetting pressure device; The blank that takes out also is placed into downwards with the side on the side direction of side direction upsetting pressure device in the model cavity; Utilize the side direction drift to apply the pressure of 20～300t, make sample in the side direction counterdie, side direction upsetting pressure distortion take place, when the side direction drift is depressed into side direction upsetting pressure device die joint place, stop to exert pressure towards the lateral opening place.
Described side direction upsetting pressure device comprises: side direction patrix, side direction counterdie and side direction drift, and wherein: the side direction patrix and the side direction counterdie that are provided with up and down contact, and the model cavity cross section cooperates on side direction drift sectional dimension and the side direction;
The place, axle center, middle part of described side direction patrix is provided with model cavity on the side direction from top to bottom, the length of model cavity and the wide length of side and the height that equals side direction counterdie die cavity respectively on this side direction; The top of described side direction counterdie is provided with the side direction counterdie die cavity of lateral openings, and the width of this side direction counterdie die cavity and the degree of depth all equate with the width of side direction patrix.
The shape of described block blank returns to bar-shaped before the forward upsetting pressure through side direction upsetting pressure distortion from bulk.A non-angular pressing texturing that waits passage towards side direction counterdie lateral opening direction has taken place in blank in the deformation process, and blank is along this direction generation corner shearing crimp.In conjunction with the circulation upsetting pressure system of forward upsetting pressure deformation construction, make blank can realize that plastic deformation comparatively fully all takes place 6 directions of three dimensions.
In the 3rd step, repeat the first step to the second step operation several times and realize that multidirectional combined type upsetting pressure circulation carries out.
Described several times side direction upsetting pressure processing can realize that 4 side surface direction of blank all obtain side direction upsetting pressure distortion through rotating blank.
The present invention includes following technique effect:
1. patent of the present invention adopts the upsetting pressure mode of texturing; Bar has only the end to get into drag cavity segment generation detrusion in the process; Other parts are positioned at model cavity and receive the protection of mold cavity wall reaction force; Be difficult for as forging deformation, breaking, the deformation temperature that therefore can select is relatively low, and grain refinement is had positive impact.
2. the forward upsetting pressure work step that patent of the present invention adopts; Realized that blank had both received the jumping-up distortion in process and also received and the crowded similar detrusion of equal channel angle; The material of blank is 360 ° of circumferential fully flowing; Squeeze with equal channel angle even traditional upsetting pressure is compared, flow more fully and deflection bigger, thereby the material after the processing has obtained more tiny and uniform microstructure.
3. the side direction upsetting pressure work step that patent of the present invention adopts, except the advantage with forward upsetting pressure, the side direction plastic deformation of this work step also helps material and forms interlaced high density dislocation wall; Has the high density dislocation subgrain in a large number can produce than low strain; The inner easy formation orientation of crystal grain is different, and interlaced Zona transformans and little shear band are along with the accumulation of strain; Isometry takes place these subgrains gradually and the position increases to difference, the final ultra-fineization degree that improves tissue.
4. patent of the present invention cooperates two kinds of forms of forward upsetting pressure and side direction upsetting pressure cleverly; Solved traditional upsetting pressure distortion, scantling needs unanimity before and after the processing, therefore is difficult to realize the restriction that bar-shaped blank is processed; Breakthrough realization cyclic process between bar and the block materials; Thereby can utilize this processing mode to obtain the bar sample, improve the flexibility of producing, enlarge range of application.
5. equipment is light and handy, and small investment is easy to dismounting, and safety coefficient is higher.
6. mould structure is simple, and the mold cavity shape can be adjusted with the production needs according to the performance of material, and mold heated is convenient, is easy to control processing temperature, the adjusting process parameter.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an embodiment upsetting pressure apparatus structure sketch map.
Fig. 2 by among Fig. 1 the cross-sectional view of mark section A and B.
The specific embodiment
Elaborate in the face of embodiments of the invention down, present embodiment provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment being to implement under the prerequisite with technical scheme of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the upsetting pressure device that following examples relate to comprises: forward upsetting pressure device 1 and side direction upsetting pressure device 2, wherein:
Described forward upsetting pressure device 1 comprises: forward patrix 3, forward counterdie 4 and forward drift 5, and wherein: the forward patrix 3 and the forward counterdie 4 that are provided with up and down contact, and model cavity 6 cross sections cooperate on forward drift 5 sectional dimensions and the forward;
The place, axle center, middle part of described forward patrix 3 is provided with model cavity 6 on the forward from top to bottom, and model cavity 6 runs through top-down through hole of whole forward patrix 3 formations on this forward; The place, axle center, top of described forward counterdie 4 is provided with the forward counterdie die cavity 7 of square-section, and the height of this forward counterdie die cavity 7 equals the cross section length of side of model cavity 6 on the forward.
Described side direction upsetting pressure device 2 comprises: side direction patrix 8, side direction counterdie 9 and side direction drift 10, and wherein: the side direction patrix 8 and the side direction counterdie 9 that are provided with up and down contact, and model cavity 6 cross sections cooperate on side direction drift 10 sectional dimensions and the forward;
The place, axle center, middle part of described side direction patrix 8 is provided with model cavity 11 on the side direction from top to bottom, the length of model cavity 11 and the wide length of side and the height that equals side direction counterdie die cavity 12 respectively on this side direction; The top of described side direction counterdie 9 is provided with the side direction counterdie die cavity 12 of lateral openings, and the width of this side direction counterdie die cavity 12 and the degree of depth all equate with the width of side direction patrix 8.
Described forward upsetting pressure process: shown in Fig. 2 (a); Square-section pieces of bar stock 13 is preset on the forward of forward upsetting pressure device in the model cavity 6; Utilize forward drift 5 to apply the pressure of 20～300t downwards, make blank that compressive plastic deformation take place downwards, and final the filling expired forward counterdie die cavity 7;
Described blank 13 carries out 200～500 ℃ preheating and insulation before the model cavity 6 on putting into forward, blank holding temperature in whole forward upsetting pressure process is constant simultaneously.
Described forward upsetting pressure device 1 comprises: forward patrix 3, forward counterdie 4 and forward drift 5, and wherein: the forward patrix and the forward counterdie that are provided with up and down contact, and model cavity 6 cross sections cooperate on forward drift sectional dimension and the forward;
The place, axle center, middle part of described forward patrix is provided with model cavity 6 on the forward from top to bottom, and model cavity runs through top-down through hole of whole forward patrix formation on this forward; The place, axle center, top of described forward counterdie 4 is provided with the forward counterdie die cavity 7 of square-section, and the height of this forward counterdie die cavity equals the cross section length of side of model cavity.
The shape of described blank 13 before and after forward upsetting pressure distortion in from the forward the bar-shaped bulk that becomes forward counterdie die cavity 7 in square-section of model cavity 6.Blank gets into forward counterdie die cavity from bottom to top in the deformation process, in 360 ° of directions of its all round the horizon sufficient plastic deformation takes place.Constancy of volume before and after the blank deformation, but the acute variation from bar-shaped to bulk takes place in shape.Blank deformation extent on the direction of four axles of level is even, and material flow direction is therefrom mind-set divergent shape all around.
Described side direction upsetting pressure process: shown in Fig. 2 (b); Open forward upsetting pressure device 1; The block blank 13 that takes out is also put into model cavity 11 on the side direction of side direction upsetting pressure device 2 downwards with its side; Utilize side direction drift 10 to apply the pressure of 20～300t, make sample in side direction counterdie 6, side direction upsetting pressure distortion take place, when the side direction drift is depressed into side direction upsetting pressure device die joint place, stop to exert pressure towards side direction counterdie die cavity 12 lateral opening places.
Described side direction upsetting pressure device 2 comprises: side direction patrix 8, side direction counterdie 9 and side direction drift 10, and wherein: the side direction patrix and the side direction counterdie that are provided with up and down contact, and model cavity 11 cross sections cooperate on side direction drift sectional dimension and the side direction;
The place, axle center, middle part of described side direction patrix is provided with model cavity 11 on the side direction from top to bottom, the length of model cavity and the wide length of side and the height that equals side direction counterdie die cavity 12 respectively on this side direction; The top of described side direction counterdie is provided with the side direction counterdie die cavity of lateral openings, and the width of this side direction counterdie die cavity and the degree of depth all equate with the width of side direction patrix.
The bar-shaped shape of described block blank 13 returns to the forward upsetting pressure from bulk before and after side direction upsetting pressure distortion before.A non-angular pressing texturing that waits passage towards side direction counterdie top-side opening direction has taken place in blank in the deformation process; Blank is along this direction generation corner shearing crimp; In conjunction with the circulation upsetting pressure system of forward upsetting pressure deformation construction, make blank can realize that plastic deformation comparatively fully all takes place 6 directions of three dimensions.
Repeat to hocket forward and side direction upsetting pressure process operation several times realize that multidirectional combined type upsetting pressure circulation carries out.
Described several times side direction upsetting pressure processing can realize that 4 side surface direction of blank all obtain side direction upsetting pressure distortion through rotating blank 13.
With the cross section is the square of length of side 20mm, and length is that the magnesium alloy rod blank 13 of 500mm is put into model cavity 6 in the forward upsetting pressure, and withstands the blank afterbody with forward drift 5.Be heated to 390～400 ℃ to blank with mould, be incubated 20～30 minutes, with the speed of 2mm/s straight down direction in the figure, blank is carried out forward upsetting pressure processing with the forward drift, described pressure is 50t.Upsetting pressure speed remains unchanged, and when drift 4 walks to the die joint place of model cavity 6,7 just up and down, stops pressurization, accomplishes the processing of forward upsetting pressure work step.Open forward upsetting pressure mould 1 and take out block blank 13, it is put into side direction upsetting pressure patrix 8, carry out side direction upsetting pressure processing.Meanwhile, can clear up, and coat the required lubricant of processing next time forward upsetting pressure mold cavity.
Side direction upsetting pressure work step operation is similar with the forward upsetting pressure, and it is downward that the block materials 13 of forward upsetting pressure preparation is of a size of 100mm * 100mm * 20mm side, puts into the side direction upsetting pressure die side model cavity 11 that makes progress, and withstands blank 13 afterbodys with side direction drift 10.With the descending pressurization of side direction drift blank is carried out upsetting pressure processing, described pressure is 50t, and upsetting pressure speed keeps 2mm/s constant.Sample is under this pressure effect, and along the lateral openings direction of side direction counterdie die cavity 12, the distortion of non-equal channel angular extrusion shearing takes place block blank, ends that it is initial bar-shaped to become again most, accomplishes the distortion of side direction upsetting pressure work step.By that analogy, above-mentioned forward upsetting pressure and side direction upsetting pressure work step are hocketed repeatedly, can realize the multidirectional combined type circulation upsetting pressure processing of blank.
After accomplish specifying the processing of passage, be chosen in as required and stop processing after forward or side direction upsetting pressure work step are accomplished, obtain block or bar sample.Withdraw from drift, mould is cooled off in air.Thoroughly the cleaning mould is coated with the mold care agent, accomplishes processing.
Claims (6)
1. multidirectional combined type circulation upsetting pressure device; Comprise: forward upsetting pressure device and side direction upsetting pressure device; It is characterized in that: forward upsetting pressure device comprises: forward patrix, forward counterdie and forward drift; Wherein: the forward patrix and the forward counterdie that are provided with up and down contact, and the model cavity cross section cooperates on forward drift sectional dimension and the forward; Side direction upsetting pressure device comprises: side direction patrix, side direction counterdie and side direction drift, and wherein: the side direction patrix and the side direction counterdie that are provided with up and down contact, and the model cavity cross section cooperates on side direction drift sectional dimension and the side direction;
The place, axle center, middle part of described forward patrix is provided with model cavity on the forward from top to bottom, and model cavity runs through top-down through hole of whole forward patrix formation on this forward; The place, axle center, top of described forward counterdie is provided with the forward counterdie die cavity of square-section, and the height of this forward counterdie die cavity equals the cross section length of side of model cavity on the forward; The place, axle center, middle part of described side direction patrix is provided with model cavity on the side direction from top to bottom, the length of model cavity and the wide length of side and the height that equals forward counterdie die cavity respectively on this side direction; The top of described side direction counterdie is provided with the side direction counterdie die cavity of lateral openings, the width of this side direction counterdie die cavity and the degree of depth all with side direction on the width of model cavity equate.
2. one kind requires the upsetting pressure method of said device according to aforesaid right, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
The first step, forward upsetting pressure process: the square-section pieces of bar stock is preset on the forward of forward upsetting pressure device in the model cavity, utilizes the forward drift to apply the pressure of 20～300t, make blank that compressive plastic deformation take place downwards, and finally fill full forward counterdie die cavity;
Second step; Open forward upsetting pressure device; Take out blank and be placed into downwards with the side on the side direction of side direction upsetting pressure device in the model cavity; Utilize the side direction drift to apply the pressure of 20～300t, make blank in the side direction counterdie, side direction upsetting pressure distortion take place, when the side direction drift is depressed into side direction upsetting pressure device die joint place, stop to exert pressure towards the lateral opening place;
In the 3rd step, repeat the first step to the second step operation several times and realize that multidirectional combined type upsetting pressure circulation carries out.
3. upsetting pressure method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described blank is being put into model cavity on the forward the advance preheating and the insulation of 200～500 ℃ of row, and blank holding temperature in whole forward upsetting pressure process is constant simultaneously.
4. upsetting pressure method according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; The shape of described blank before and after forward upsetting pressure distortion in from the forward the bar-shaped bulk that becomes forward counterdie die cavity in square-section of model cavity, blank gets into forward counterdie die cavity from bottom to top in the deformation process, in 360 ° of directions of its all round the horizon sufficient plastic deformation takes place; Constancy of volume before and after the blank deformation; But the acute variation from bar-shaped to bulk takes place in shape, and blank deformation extent on the direction of four axles of level is even, and material flow direction is therefrom mind-set divergent shape all around.
5. upsetting pressure method according to claim 4; It is characterized in that; The shape of described block blank returns to bar-shaped before the forward upsetting pressure through side direction upsetting pressure distortion from bulk; A non-angular pressing texturing that waits passage towards side direction counterdie lateral opening direction has taken place in blank in the deformation process; Blank in conjunction with the circulation upsetting pressure system of forward upsetting pressure deformation construction, makes blank can realize that plastic deformation comparatively fully all takes place 6 directions of three dimensions along this direction generation corner shearing crimp.
6. upsetting pressure method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described several times side direction upsetting pressure processing can realize that 4 side surface direction of blank all obtain side direction upsetting pressure distortion through rotating blank.
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| CN102773297A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2012-11-14 | 华南理工大学 | Severe plastic deformation method and severe plastic deformation device for pressing and rolling corner of non-equivalent passage |
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| CN104815864B (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2016-08-17 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of extruding method of high performance magnesium alloy board |
| CN106140847B (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-03-20 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of magnesium alloy compressional deformation processing unit (plant) and processing method |
| CN109127756B (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2020-06-09 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Extrusion die and extrusion method for high-strength magnesium alloy |
| CN109047364B (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-02-07 | 江苏科技大学 | Circular extrusion die and method for preparing block ultrafine crystal material |
| CN110000322B (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2021-06-04 | 湖南科技大学 | Device and method for preparing high-performance magnesium alloy through large plastic deformation |
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| US5400633A (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1995-03-28 | The Texas A&M University System | Apparatus and method for deformation processing of metals, ceramics, plastics and other materials |
| JP4487282B2 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2010-06-23 | 晋 水沼 | Material torsion upsetting method and apparatus |
| US7191630B2 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2007-03-20 | Engineered Performance Materials Co., Llc | Method and apparatus for equal channel angular extrusion of flat billets |
| CN100464887C (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2009-03-04 | 上海交通大学 | Press die for preparing agglomerate ultra-fine crystal material |
| CN101509116A (en) * | 2008-05-12 | 2009-08-19 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for producing ultra-fine grain by using repeated forging of large deformation |
| CN101294238B (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2010-10-06 | 昆明理工大学 | Large plasticizing deformation method for producing ultra-fine crystal material |
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| CN102773297A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2012-11-14 | 华南理工大学 | Severe plastic deformation method and severe plastic deformation device for pressing and rolling corner of non-equivalent passage |
| CN102773297B (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2015-01-28 | 华南理工大学 | Severe plastic deformation method and severe plastic deformation device for pressing and rolling corner of non-equivalent passage |
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