CN102023268B - Device and method for measuring quench propagation velocity of superconducting coil - Google Patents

Device and method for measuring quench propagation velocity of superconducting coil Download PDF

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CN102023268B
CN102023268B CN2010105401382A CN201010540138A CN102023268B CN 102023268 B CN102023268 B CN 102023268B CN 2010105401382 A CN2010105401382 A CN 2010105401382A CN 201010540138 A CN201010540138 A CN 201010540138A CN 102023268 B CN102023268 B CN 102023268B
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superconducting coil
lead
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temperature
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CN102023268A (en
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胡新宁
王秋良
李毅
崔春艳
戴银明
李兰凯
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Institute of Electrical Engineering of CAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/02Quenching; Protection arrangements during quenching

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Abstract

The invention provides a device for measuring quench propagation velocity of a superconducting coil, which is characterized in that a certain background field is achieved through a back surface field superconducting magnet (4); two low-temperature work environments are provided through a refrigerator (2) and low-temperature liquid; the superconducting coil (5) to be measured is arranged in a low-temperature container (8); and the superconducting coil (5) to be measured comprises a sparse winding part (15) of the superconducting coil to be measured and a compact winding part (16) of the superconducting coil to be measured which are respectively used for measuring the quench propagation velocity of the superconducting coil (5) to be measured in a wire direction and the quench propagation velocity of the superconducting coil (5) to be measured in a radial direction. By using the device, the measurement of the quench propagation velocity of the superconducting coil in a two-dimensional direction is realized, and the measurement is precise.

Description

Measure device and the measuring method thereof of quench propagation velocity of superconducting coil
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device for the MEASUREMENT IN SUPERCONDUCTOR quench propagation velocity and measuring method thereof, particularly a kind of device and measuring method thereof for measuring quench propagation velocity of superconducting coil.
Background technology
The development of superconductor and cryogenic technique makes superconducting magnet more and more extensive in the application of electric power, medical science, industrial treatment, Science Explorations and military field, the development of highfield superconducting magnet science and technology and application just constantly meet the demand of the every modernization construction of China, have greatly improved performance and the precision of various equipments.
Superconducting magnet, in the process of Design and manufacture, takes the plurality of stable method to improve the stability of magnet operation usually.But the impact of the factors such as flux jumping, coil vibration, guidewire movement, epoxy impregnation burst apart, heat is disturbed owing to having, electric power output voltage ripple, may cause the local temperature of superconductor raise and occur the quench phenomenon occurring the normal state zone.After the local quench of superconductor, the normal state zone may be shunk and be returned to gradually superconducting state, also may continue to enlarge and cause quench propagation, and this and trigger energy, condition of work and cooler environment are closely related.Electric current during the superconducting magnet operation is very large, if the superconducting magnet quench will be followed the series of problems such as superpotential and heating occur, may cause puncturing of magnet insulating material, serious local temperature rise can cause wire insulation and coil connectors to be melted, thereby causes the magnet irregular operating even to burn.Therefore, the electrical property that quench (normal region) is propagated and thermal behavior are major issues must considering in the superconducting magnet application.The quench propagation characteristic mainly comprises that quench propagation velocity and minimum quench can wait, and is the very important parameter of judgement superconductor stability, and the design that the accurate test of quench propagation characteristic is superconducting magnet and quench protection are controlled provides important parameter foundation.
In general, the quench propagation velocity of high-temperature superconductor is the cm/s magnitude, than slow two to three magnitudes of cryogenic superconductor.This is mainly because high temperature superconducting materia has high thermal capacity and higher critical temperature, and the stability of high-temperature superconductor is better than cryogenic superconductor to a certain extent.But then, too slow if propagate normal region, superconductor is local can form focus, and its heat only spreads in very little scope, if quench protection is dealt with improperly, magnet does not cause permanent breaking-up because heat discharges to burn fast.Therefore, no matter during the employ superconductor, be necessary to measure the quench propagation velocity of superconductor, i.e. the velocity of propagation of the Joule heat of local normal region (band) material along the line.Only have the quench behavior to superconductor used that enough understandings are arranged, grasp the quench propagation characteristic of superconductor, could establish solid guarantee for superconducting magnet stability Design and quench detection and protection, improve stability and the security of superconducting magnet operation.
The stability of highfield superconducting magnet operation is important, the indispensable engineering objective that the superconductive science instrument uses, and the quench propagation velocity of superconductor is one of key factor determined superconducting magnet stability.Therefore, need to accurately measure the quench propagation velocity and the minimum quench that obtain superconductor by the fc-specific test FC device can size.The apparatus and method of current disclosed measurement quench propagation velocity are mostly measures one section superconducting line (band) material sample, and just measures along the one dimension quench propagation velocity on the wire direction.And in practical application, superconducting line (band) material all will turn to superconducting coil formation superconducting magnet, quench propagation, except the wire direction along superconducting line (band) material is propagated, is also propagated to direction along the footpath (horizontal stroke) of line (band) material.Therefore only have the actual superconducting coil of simulation to carry out on two-dimensional directional the measurement of the quench propagation velocity on three-dimensional even, more the quench propagation characteristic of Accurate Analysis superconducting magnet under back surface field.Patent of invention CN101126787A adopts the temperature rise rate relative method to detect the quench of superconducting coil, be specially the temperature of Real-Time Monitoring superconducting coil winding, before and after upper the time, the difference of adjacent temperature is divided by the temperature monitoring time interval, obtain quench detection amount-temperature rise rate, temperature rise rate and temperature rise rate threshold value are compared, once surpass the temperature rise rate threshold value, can judge the coil quench.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome existing measurement mechanism mostly is the short sample of measuring next section superconducting line of null field or band, can only measures along the shortcoming of the one dimension quench propagation velocity on the wire direction, a kind of measurement mechanism of quench propagation velocity is provided, this device, with the refrigeration machine refrigeration, can be measured the quench propagation velocity of superconducting coil on two-dimensional directional under background magnetic field.This device not only can meet measures the quench propagation velocity size of various superconducting coils under background magnetic field, and can realize that the cooling and cryogenic liquid of directly conduction soaks cooling two kinds of low-temperature working environment, and it is more accurate that quench propagation velocity is measured.
The device that the present invention measures quench propagation velocity of superconducting coil comprises Dewar type container, refrigeration machine, back surface field superconducting magnet, tested superconducting coil, low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, heater strip, current feed, measurement lead-in wire, conduction cooling band, woven hose, muffler and epoxy pull bar.
The back surface field superconducting magnet is installed in Dewar type container of the present invention, the back surface field superconducting magnet is high-temperature superconducting magnet, the back surface field superconducting magnet is by the conduction cooling band by refrigeration machine one-level cold head refrigeration, and the back surface field superconducting magnet can be used as the cold screen of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, has reduced making and the installation of the cold screen of measurement mechanism.Refrigeration machine is installed in the center, upper surface of Dewar type container, back surface field superconducting magnet top is connected with the upper surface of Dewar type container by the epoxy pull bar, current feed by the back surface field superconducting magnet is powered and is produced required background magnetic field to the back surface field superconducting magnet, and magnetic field intensity can reach 1-5T.
Low-temperature (low temperature) vessel of the present invention is connected to the lower end of refrigeration machine secondary cold head, and tested superconducting coil is arranged on low-temperature (low temperature) vessel inside.If in vacuum environment, can freeze and make in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel to reach needed low temperature by refrigeration machine during tested superconducting coil work.If be immersed in the cryogenic liquid environment during tested superconducting coil work, can input cryogenic liquid to low-temperature (low temperature) vessel by woven hose.If tested superconducting coil is high temperature superconductor coil to low-temperature (low temperature) vessel input liquid nitrogen, if tested superconducting coil is low-temperature superconducting coil, to low-temperature (low temperature) vessel input liquid helium, liquid vapour is discharged by muffler.Woven hose and muffler are arranged symmetrically with in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel upper end, with the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel upper cover plate, are connected.Also be connected to tested superconducting coil current lead-in wire and tested superconducting coil on the upper cover plate of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel and measure lead-in wire.
The tested superconducting coil of the present invention comprises that tested superconducting coil is thin close around part around part and tested superconducting coil, at tested superconducting coil, dredges on part and the close wire between part of tested superconducting coil and is wound around heater strip.Heater strip is manganese-copper filament, and resistance is 10-50 ohm.Heater strip is powered by pulse current source.Tested superconducting coil connects a pair of tested superconducting coil current lead-in wire, by DC power supply.Dredge and be welded with a pair of dredging around partly measuring lead-in wire one and a pair of dredging around part measurement lead-in wire two on the wire of part at tested superconducting coil; A pair ofly closely around part, measure lead-in wire one and a pair ofly closely around part, measure lead-in wire two close being welded with on the wire of part of tested superconducting coil.Dredging around part measurement lead-in wire one is L with dredging around part measurement lead-in wire two spacings along the wire direction 1, every pair of two lead-in wires dredging around part measurement lead-in wire are L along the distance on the wire direction 2.Closely around part, measure lead-in wire one and close to measure lead-in wire two around part be S along the spacing on the wire direction.The diameter of wire of tested superconducting coil or width are d, and every pair of close two lead-in wires measuring lead-in wire around part are d along the distance on the wire direction, equal diameter of wire or the width of tested superconducting coil.Two couple by tested superconducting coil dredges around partly measuring the lead-in wire measurement along the quench propagation velocity on the conductor length direction, by two couple of tested superconducting coil is close, around part measurement lead-in wire, measures along wire quench propagation velocity in the radial direction.
The present invention be more Measurement accuracy along wire quench propagation velocity in the radial direction, tested superconducting coil diameter be greater than tested superconducting coil diameter of wire 40-60 doubly.The peripheral parcel of tested superconducting coil low temperature epoxy glue is to keep the insulation effect of superconducting coil, and the thickness of low temperature epoxy glue is 5-10mm.
Two couple of the tested superconducting coil of the present invention dredges and to measure lead-in wire and two pairs around part and closely around part, measure lead-in wire connecting multi-channel data collecting instrument, by multi-Channels Data Acquisition, measures the go between voltage swing in per moment of every pair of measurement.The time of a pair of thin 0.5 times maximum voltage around part measurement lead-in wire producing adjacent with heater strip and another difference to the time of the thin 0.5 times of maximum voltage produced around part measurement lead-in wire are designated as t1.A pair of close time and another difference to the time of close 0.5 times maximum voltage around partly measure lead-in wire generation of around part measuring 0.5 times maximum voltage of go between generation adjacent with heater strip is designated as t2.
Measuring method sequence of steps of the present invention is:
1. the background magnetic field of forming a certain size at first to the energising of background superconducting magnet is given tested superconducting coil energising under background magnetic field, and size of current equals the critical electric current value of 0.8-0.95 times of superconducting line (band) material;
2. to the heater strip energising, trigger tested superconducting coil quench after producing certain heat;
3. carry out voltage measurement by multi-Channels Data Acquisition, record the thin time around part measurement lead-in wire one and the thin 0.5 times of maximum voltage produced respectively around part measurement lead-in wire two, two mistimings are remembered to t1.Record in addition the time of two pairs of close 0.5 times of maximum voltages produced respectively around part measurement lead-in wire, two mistimings are designated as to t2;
4. measure lead-in wire two around part to measure along the quench propagation velocity of the tested superconducting coil on the wire direction be (L1+L2)/t1 by dredging to measure lead-in wire one and to dredge around part, by close, around part, measure lead-in wire one and close to measure around part two quench propagation velocities that measure along wire tested superconducting coil (5) in the radial direction that go between be (2d+S)/t2.
This measurement mechanism freezes with refrigeration machine, can realize a certain size background magnetic field, also can realize that vacuum low-temperature environment and cryogenic liquid soak measurement high temperature superconductor coil or low-temperature superconducting coil under environment.Quench propagation velocity on can not only the measure traverse line direction, but the also quench propagation velocity of measure traverse line radial direction, measure comparatively accurate.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 measurement mechanism schematic diagram, in figure: 1 Dewar type container, 2 refrigeration machines, 3 epoxy pull bars, 4 back surface field superconducting magnets, 5 tested superconducting coils, 6 conduction cooling bands, 7 back surface field current lead of superconducting magnets, 8 low-temperature (low temperature) vessels, 9 low temperature epoxy glues, 10 heater strips, 11 woven hoses, 12 mufflers, 13 tested superconducting coil current lead-in wires, 14 tested superconducting coils are measured lead-in wire;
The tested superconducting coil schematic diagram of Fig. 2, in figure: 15 tested superconducting coils are dredged around part, 16 tested superconducting coils are close around part, 17 dredge around part measurement lead-in wire one, 18 is thin close close around partly measuring lead-in wire two around part measurement lead-in wire one, 20 around part measurement lead-in wire two, 19,21 tested superconducting coil power supplys, 22 multi-Channels Data Acquisitions.
Embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, the upper cover plate of Dewar type container 1 is installed refrigeration machine 2, and back surface field superconducting magnet 4 is connected with upper cover plate by epoxy pull bar 3, and back surface field superconducting magnet 4 is connected with the one-level cold head of refrigeration machine 2 by conduction cooling band 6.Low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 8 is connected with cold-producing medium 2 lower ends, and tested superconducting coil 5 is arranged in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 8, and the appearance of tested superconducting coil 5 scribbles low temperature epoxy glue 9, and thickness is 5-10mm.If in vacuum environment, can make in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 8 to reach needed low temperature by refrigeration machine 2 refrigeration during tested superconducting coil 5 work.If be immersed in the cryogenic liquid environment during tested superconducting coil 5 work, can be by woven hose 11 to low-temperature (low temperature) vessel input cryogenic liquid.If tested superconducting coil 5 is high temperature superconductor coil to low-temperature (low temperature) vessel input liquid nitrogen, if tested superconducting coil 5 be low-temperature superconducting coil, to low-temperature (low temperature) vessel input liquid helium, liquid vapour is by muffler 12 discharges.Woven hose 11 and muffler 12 are arranged symmetrically with in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 8 upper ends, with low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 8 upper cover plates, are connected.Be connected to tested superconducting coil current lead-in wire 13 and tested superconducting coil on the upper cover plate of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel and measure lead-in wire 14.After Dewar type container 1 vacuumizes, open refrigeration machine 2, when reaching required working temperature environment, by back surface field current lead of superconducting magnets 7, required background magnetic field is provided to 4 energisings of back surface field superconducting magnet, and then give tested superconducting coil 5 energisings by tested superconducting coil current lead-in wire 13, promote blood circulation and rush electric current to heater strip 10 by pulse current source, after producing certain heat and triggering tested superconducting coil 5 quench, utilize the back surface field superconducting coil to measure the quench propagation velocity that lead-in wire 14 data of transmitting back can be measured the tested superconducting coil 5 under the background magnetic field of 1-5T size.
As shown in Figure 2, tested superconducting coil 5 comprises that tested superconducting coil is thin close around part 16 around part 15 and tested superconducting coil, at tested superconducting coil, dredges and be wound around heater strip 10 on part 15 and the close wire between part 16 of tested superconducting coil.Heater strip 10 is manganese-copper filament, and resistance is 10-50 ohm.Heater strip 10 is powered by pulse current source.Tested superconducting coil 5 connects tested superconducting coil current lead-in wire 13, by tested superconducting coil power supply 21 power supplies.Dredging the spacing along the wire direction on the wire of part 15 at tested superconducting coil is L 1Weld two pairs and dredge around partly measuring lead-in wire, be respectively thin around part measurement lead-in wire 1 and thin around part measurement lead-in wire 2 18, every pair is dredged around partly measuring the distance gone between along on the wire direction is L 2.Close close around part measurement lead-in wire along welding on the adjacent two circle wires of being close to around part 16 at tested superconducting coil, close around totally two pairs, part measurement lead-in wire, be respectively close and measure lead-in wire 1 and closely around part, measure lead-in wire 2 20 around part, closely around part, measure lead-in wire 1 and close to measure lead-in wire 2 20 around part be S along the spacing on the wire direction.The diameter of wire of tested superconducting coil 5 or width are d.Two couple by tested superconducting coil 5 dredges around partly measuring the lead-in wire measurement along the quench propagation velocity on the conductor length direction, by two couple of tested superconducting coil 5 is close, around part measurement lead-in wire, measures along wire quench propagation velocity in the radial direction.
Due to the quench propagation velocity along on the wire direction much larger than the quench propagation velocity in the radial direction along wire, therefore be more Measurement accuracy along wire quench propagation velocity in the radial direction, tested superconducting coil 5 diameters are greater than 40-60 times of diameter of wire of tested superconducting coil 5.
Dredge around part and measure lead-in wire 1 and dredge around part and measure lead-in wire 2 18, closely measure lead-in wire 1 around part and measure lead-in wire 2 20 around part and all be connected with multi-Channels Data Acquisition 22 with close, multi-Channels Data Acquisition 22 can be the data collecting card of keithley2182 voltage table or NI company, by multi-Channels Data Acquisition 22, measures every pair of voltage swing of measuring per moment of lead-in wire.A pair of dredge around the time of partly measuring go between two 18 0.5 times maximum voltages producing and another adjacent with heater strip 10 is designated as t1 to the difference of dredging around the time of partly measuring the one 17 0.5 times of maximum voltage produced that go between.A pair of close time and another difference to the time of close 0.5 times maximum voltage around partly measure lead-in wire two 20 generations of around part measuring 0.5 times maximum voltages of go between one 19 generations adjacent with heater strip 10 is designated as t2.Quench propagation velocity along the tested superconducting coil 5 on the wire direction is (L so 1+ L 2)/t1, along wire, the quench propagation velocity of tested superconducting coil 5 in the radial direction is (2d+S)/t2.
Measuring method of the present invention is at first under background magnetic field, to tested superconducting coil 5, to switch on, and size of current equals the critical electric current value of 0.8~0.95 times of superconducting line (band) material.Promote blood circulation to heater strip 10 and rush electric current, trigger tested superconducting coil 5 quench after producing certain heat, carry out voltage measurement by multi-Channels Data Acquisition 22, record the thin time around part measurement lead-in wire 1 and the thin 0.5 times of maximum voltage produced respectively around part measurement lead-in wire 2 18, two mistimings are remembered to t1.Record in addition the close time of measuring lead-in wire 1 and the close 0.5 times of maximum voltage produced respectively around part measurement lead-in wire 2 20 around part, two mistimings are designated as to t2.The quench propagation velocity along the tested superconducting coil on the wire direction measured so is (L 1+ L 2)/t1, along wire, the quench propagation velocity of tested superconducting coil in the radial direction is (2d+S)/t2.

Claims (7)

1. a device of measuring quench propagation velocity of superconducting coil, is characterized in that described device comprises Dewar type container (1), refrigeration machine (2), epoxy pull bar (3), back surface field superconducting magnet (4), tested superconducting coil (5), conduction cooling band (6), low-temperature (low temperature) vessel (8), woven hose (11) and muffler (12); Back surface field superconducting magnet (4) is installed in Dewar type container (1), back surface field superconducting magnet (4) is the one-level cold head conduction refrigeration by refrigeration machine (2) by conduction cooling band (6), refrigeration machine (2) is installed in the center, upper surface of Dewar type container (1), and back surface field superconducting magnet (4) top is connected with the upper surface of Dewar type container (1) by epoxy pull bar (3); Low-temperature (low temperature) vessel (8) is connected to the lower end of refrigeration machine (2) secondary cold head; Tested superconducting coil (5) is arranged on low-temperature (low temperature) vessel (8) inside; Woven hose (11) and muffler (12) are arranged symmetrically with in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel (8) upper end, with low-temperature (low temperature) vessel (8) upper cover plate, are connected; Be connected to tested superconducting coil current lead-in wire (13) and tested superconducting coil on the upper cover plate of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel (8) and measure lead-in wire (14);
Tested superconducting coil (5) comprises that tested superconducting coil is thin close around part (16) around part (15) and tested superconducting coil, at tested superconducting coil, dredges around part (15) and tested superconducting coil close around partly on the wire between (16), being wound around heater strip (10).
2. according to the device of measurement quench propagation velocity of superconducting coil claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described heater strip (10) is manganese-copper filament, the resistance of heater strip (10) is 10-50 ohm.
3. according to the device of measurement quench propagation velocity of superconducting coil claimed in claim 1, it is 5-10mm low temperature epoxy glue (9) that the appearance that it is characterized in that described tested superconducting coil (5) scribbles thickness.
4. according to the device of measurement quench propagation velocity of superconducting coil claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the diameter of described tested superconducting coil (5) be greater than tested superconducting coil (5) diameter of wire 40-60 doubly.
5. according to the device of measurement quench propagation velocity of superconducting coil claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, be in vacuum environment when tested superconducting coil (5) is worked, directly freeze by refrigeration machine (2) secondary cold head, make to reach needed low temperature in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel (8); Be immersed in the cryogenic liquid environment when tested superconducting coil (5) is worked, by woven hose (11), in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel (8), input cryogenic liquid; If tested superconducting coil (5) is that high temperature superconductor coil is to input liquid nitrogen in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel (8), if tested superconducting coil (5) be low-temperature superconducting coil, to input liquid helium in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel (8), liquid vapour is by muffler (12) discharge.
6. according to the device of measurement quench propagation velocity of superconducting coil claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, at tested superconducting coil, dredge and be welded with a pair of dredging around partly measuring lead-in wire one (17) and a pair of dredging around part measurement lead-in wire two (18) on the wire of part (15); A pair ofly closely around part, measure lead-in wire one (19) and a pair ofly closely around part, measure and go between two (20) close being welded with on the wire of part (16) of tested superconducting coil; Dredging around partly measuring lead-in wire one (17) and dredging around part measurement lead-in wire two (18) spacings along the wire direction is L 1, every pair of two lead-in wires dredging around part measurement lead-in wire are L along the distance on the wire direction 2Closely around part, measure lead-in wire one (19) and closely measure around part that to go between two (20) be S along the spacing on the wire direction; The diameter of wire of tested superconducting coil or width are d; Every pair of close two lead-in wires measuring lead-in wire around part are d along the distance on the wire direction, equal diameter of wire or the width of tested superconducting coil.
7. application rights requires the method for 1 described measurement device quench propagation velocity of superconducting coil, it is characterized in that, the sequence of steps of measuring method is:
1. at first under background magnetic field, give tested superconducting coil (5) energising, size of current equals the critical electric current value of 0.8~0.95 times of superconducting wire or band;
Promote blood circulation 2. to heater strip (10) and rush electric current, trigger tested superconducting coil (5) quench after producing certain heat;
3. carry out voltage measurement by multi-Channels Data Acquisition (22), record and dredge around part measurement lead-in wire one (17) and dredge the time of measuring two (18) the 0.5 times of maximum voltage produced respectively that go between around part, by two mistimings note t1; Record in addition the close time of measuring lead-in wire one (19) and the close 0.5 times of maximum voltage produced respectively around part measurement lead-in wire two (20) around part, two mistimings are designated as to t2;
4. measure lead-in wire one (17) and dredge around part and measure and go between two (18) to measure along the quench propagation velocity of the tested superconducting coil (5) on the wire direction be (L by dredging around part 1+ L 2)/t1, L 1Measure lead-in wire one (17) and dredge around part and measure lead-in wire two (18) spacings along the wire direction, L for dredging around part 2Dredge around part and measure two lead-in wires of lead-in wire along the distance on the wire direction for every pair; Measure lead-in wire one (19) and close to measure around part two (20) quench propagation velocities that measure along wire tested superconducting coil (5) in the radial direction that go between be (2d+S)/t2 by close around part, S is close around part measurement lead-in wire one (19) and close around partly measuring lead-in wire two (20) along the distance on the wire direction, diameter of wire or width that d is tested superconducting coil (5).
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