CN102018266A - All-natural plant composite preservative and preparation method and preservation method thereof - Google Patents
All-natural plant composite preservative and preparation method and preservation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses an all-natural plant composite preservative and preparation method and preservation method thereof. The preservative comprises, by weight percentages, the following ingredients: 0.02%-4% of star anise extract, 0.01%-3% of thyme extract, 0.01%-2% of origanum vulgare extract, 0.02%-5% of litsea cubeba extract, 0.5%-3% of chitosan, 0.05%-12% of emulsifier, and the balance of distilled water. The preservative prepared by the present invention has excellent effect for inhibiting the rot-causing pathogens appeared during the storage of fruits such as cherry; is easy used; can be used to soak fruits or sprayed directly onto fruits; can reduce the rot rate of cherry by more than 50% after room temperature storage for 7 days, compared with a blank group; can also slowdown the water loss of the cherry, maintain the quality of the cherry, and improve the marketability of the cherry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of antistaling agent and preparation method thereof and preservation method, especially a kind of natural plant composite preservative and preparation method thereof and preservation method are adapted under the normal temperature condition fresh-keeping to fruit such as cherries.
Background technology
Rotting after fruit is adopted is a global problem, and according to statistics, fresh fruit has 25% to lose commodity value because of rotting in transporting procedures approximately, rotting with a toll of more than 30% after some perishable fruit are adopted.Fruit is carried out the anti-corrosive fresh-keeping measure, reduce its loss of rotting and have great importance.
The main method of fruit freshness preserving has both at home and abroad at present: physical fresh-keeping (mainly comprising deepfreeze fresh-keeping method, controlled atmosphere method, pressure-reducing fresh-keeping method, radiation preservation method) and chemical preservative are fresh-keeping.Wherein a large amount of consumes energy of physical fresh-keeping technology and cost are higher, have limited its application.Adopt chemical preservative (as deoxidation acetate, sulfur dioxide, sorbic acid, benzene Lay top grade) though fruit is carried out fresh-keepingly obtaining effect preferably, but the long-term use of a lot of chemical preservatives can be developed immunity to drugs, health to human body has certain adverse effect simultaneously, even situations such as carcinogenic, teratogenesis can occur.Therefore, need a kind of efficient, safe, cheap and crude antistaling agent that realize easily of exploitation.
Shitosan is the product of chitin behind deacetylation, and shitosan and derivative thereof have good biocompatibility, film forming, adsorptivity, permeability, hygroscopicity and certain antibacterial action.Its aqueous solution is applied to fruit surface, can forms the closed environment of a hypoxemia high carbon dioxide, suppress fruit and breathe, suppress microbial reproduction simultaneously, improve the fruit glossiness, improve the organoleptic quality of fruit at fruit surface.
Many some plant extracts that studies show that have the obvious suppression effect to the fruit germ, and the disease after utilizing plant extracts to prevent and treat fruit to adopt is the focus of various countries' researcher research in recent years.China has abundant natural plant resource, has kind surplus the natural plants about 5000 of antipathogenic composition in China according to statistics, and through the bacteriostatic test screening, wherein a part of natural plant extracts has been used for the fresh-keeping of fruits and vegetables.
Single plant extracts can suppress breeding and the growth of the rotten microorganism of some fruit, but its scope of restraining fungi is limited, and the plant extracts that several fungistatic effects are good combines can improve its scope of restraining fungi greatly.Shitosan to the inhibition effect of fruit pathogen a little less than, but it has good film forming, several different plant extracts and shitosan are combined and can adopt the breeding of microorganism afterwards for fine inhibition fruit, and scattering and disappearing of control fruit moisture prolongs the shelf life of fruit.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that a kind of natural plant composite preservative that is used for fruit such as cherry and preparation method thereof and preservation method are provided.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of natural plant composite preservative, form by following components in weight percentage: Fructus Anisi Stellati extract 0.02%～4%, thyme extract 0.01%～3%, wild marjoram extract 0.01～2%, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract 0.02～5%, shitosan 0.5%～3%, emulsifying agent 0.05%～0.12%, surplus are distilled water.
Described emulsifying agent is Tween 80 or polysorbas20.
The deacetylation of described shitosan is 90%.
The preparation method of above-mentioned natural plant composite preservative, by filling a prescription with Fructus Anisi Stellati extract, thyme extract, wild marjoram extract, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, shitosan, use dissolved in distilled water, adding distil water is to the concentration that requires, be stirred well to evenly, add emulsifying agent then, ultrasonic wave disperses, and obtains the antistaling agent of homogeneous.
Described every kind of plant preparation method of extract may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, it is 30～100 orders that raw material are pulverized, and adds concentration and be 60%～95% ethanol water, raw material and ethanol water solid-liquid ratio are 1g: (6～10) ml, soaked 12～24 hours;
Step 2, the solidliquid mixture ultrasonic wave assisted extraction that will handle through step 1, the ultrasonic wave extraction conditions: ultrasonic temperature is that 40～60 ℃, supersonic frequency are that 20～40kHz, ultrasonic extraction time are 30～60 minutes; Then with solidliquid mixture suction filtration under 30～50kPa vacuum condition, get filtrate decompression distillation under 20～40kPa vacuum, 45～65 ℃ of conditions, reclaim ethanol, obtain containing the mixture of extract component and water;
Step 3, the extraction separatory with extractant extraction, with extract layer decompression distillation under 20～40kPa vacuum, 40～60 ℃ of conditions, reclaims extractant, obtains the plant extracts of oily.
Described extractant is a kind of in ethyl acetate, n-hexane, ether or the carrene.
The preservation method of above-mentioned natural plant composite preservative is put into antistaling agent with fruit and was soaked 0.5-5 minute, pulls out, after drying, puts into fresh-keeping holding tray, is covered with preservative film, in room temperature condition storage down.
Described fruit is cherry, grape or oranges and tangerines.
Described fruit is that outward appearance is neat, the fruit of no disease and pest and mechanical damage.
The natural plant composite preservative of forming by natural plant extracts and shitosan provided by the invention, the Synergistic biocidal effect of the natural plant extracts that several fungistatic effects are good and the film forming of shitosan combine and are used for the fresh-keeping of fruit such as cherry, have the following advantages:
(1) fruit pathogenic microorganisms such as cherry is had the good restraining effect, and form layer protecting film, reduce the loss of moisture and the intrusion of microorganism, alleviate rotting of cherry, thereby improve its shelf life on the cherry surface.
(2) selected raw material all be natural, nontoxic, do not contain common chemical synthetic preservatives such as Sodium Benzoate.
(3) efficient: the antibacterial action of the main antipathogenic composition in this antistaling agent is better than Sodium Benzoate, can improve the aesthetic quality of cherry, prolongs its shelf life 3-4 days.
(4) safety: the main antipathogenic composition in this antistaling agent extracts from the plant of food and medicine consangunity and makes, to human body safety.
This antistaling agent processing technology is simple, and is with low cost, safe in utilization, meets the direction of antistaling agent development, has the excellent development application prospect.
The specific embodiment
Natural plant composite preservative of the present invention, form by following components in weight percentage: Fructus Anisi Stellati extract 0.02%～4%, thyme extract 0.01%～3%, wild marjoram extract 0.01～2%, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract 0.02～5%, shitosan 0.5%～3%, emulsifying agent 0.05%～0.12%, surplus is a distilled water.
Described emulsifying agent is Tween 80 or polysorbas20.
The deacetylation of described shitosan is 90%.
The preparation method of above-mentioned natural plant composite preservative, by filling a prescription with Fructus Anisi Stellati extract, thyme extract, wild marjoram extract, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, shitosan, use dissolved in distilled water, adding distil water is to the concentration that requires, be stirred well to evenly, add emulsifying agent then, ultrasonic wave disperses, and obtains the antistaling agent of homogeneous.
Described every kind of plant preparation method of extract may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, it is 30～100 orders that raw material are pulverized, and adds concentration and be 60%～95% ethanol water, raw material and ethanol water solid-liquid ratio are 1g: (6～10) ml, soaked 12～24 hours;
Step 2, the solidliquid mixture ultrasonic wave assisted extraction that will handle through step 1, the ultrasonic wave extraction conditions: ultrasonic temperature is that 40～60 ℃, supersonic frequency are that 20～40kHz, ultrasonic extraction time are 30～60 minutes; Then with solidliquid mixture suction filtration under 30～50kPa vacuum condition, get filtrate decompression distillation under 20～40kPa vacuum, 45～65 ℃ of conditions, reclaim ethanol, obtain containing the mixture of extract component and water;
Step 3, the extraction separatory with extractant extraction, with extract layer decompression distillation under 20～40kPa vacuum, 40～60 ℃ of conditions, reclaims extractant, obtains the plant extracts of oily.
Described extractant is a kind of in ethyl acetate, n-hexane, ether or the carrene.
The preservation method of above-mentioned natural plant composite preservative is put into antistaling agent with fruit and was soaked 0.5-5 minute, pulls out, after drying, puts into fresh-keeping holding tray, is covered with preservative film, in room temperature condition storage down.
Described fruit is cherry, grape or oranges and tangerines.
Described fruit is that outward appearance is neat, the fruit of no disease and pest and mechanical damage.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1
1. the preparation of plant extracts such as Chinese anise, thyme, wild marjoram, the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree in the natural plant composite preservative may further comprise the steps (be example with the Chinese anise, other are identical with it):
Step 1, it is 60 orders that 100 gram Chinese anises are pulverized, and adds concentration and be 800 milliliters of 75% the ethanol distillation aqueous solution, soaks 12～24 hours;
Step 2, the solidliquid mixture ultrasonic wave assisted extraction that will handle through step 1, the ultrasonic wave extraction conditions: ultrasonic temperature is that 50 ℃, supersonic frequency are that 30kHz, ultrasonic extraction time are 45 minutes.Then with solidliquid mixture suction filtration under the 40kPa vacuum condition, get filtrate decompression distillation under 30kPa vacuum, 55 ℃ of conditions, reclaim ethanol, obtain containing the mixture of extract component and water;
Step 3, the extraction separatory, the extractant of employing is an ethyl acetate, with extract layer decompression distillation under 30kPa vacuum, 50 ℃ of conditions, reclaims extractant, obtains the Fructus Anisi Stellati extract of oily.
Produce thyme extract, wild marjoram extract, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extraction according to the method described above respectively.
2. the preparation of natural plant composite preservative:
Press column weight amount proportioning with Fructus Anisi Stellati extract, thyme extract, wild marjoram extract, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, shitosan, use dissolved in distilled water, adding distil water is to the concentration that requires, be stirred well to evenly, the emulsifier tween 80 of Jia Ruing then, ultrasonic wave disperses, and obtains the antistaling agent of homogeneous.
Fructus Anisi Stellati extract 0.08%
Thyme extract 0.02%
Wild marjoram extract 0.02%
Fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract 0.02%
Shitosan 1%
Emulsifying agent 0.05%
3. fruit freshness preserving test
Select that outward appearance is neat, the fruit such as cherry of no disease and pest and mechanical damage put into the antistaling agent that makes through such scheme and soaked 0.5-5 minute, pull out, after drying, put into fresh-keeping holding tray, are covered with preservative film, preserve down in room temperature condition.
Embodiment 2
In the natural plant composite preservative preparation method of plant extracts such as Chinese anise, thyme, wild marjoram, the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree with embodiment 1.
2. press column weight amount proportioning with Fructus Anisi Stellati extract, thyme extract, wild marjoram extract, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, shitosan, use dissolved in distilled water, adding distil water is to the concentration that requires, be stirred well to evenly, add emulsifier tween 20 then, ultrasonic wave disperses, and obtains the antistaling agent of homogeneous.
Fructus Anisi Stellati extract 0.07%
Thyme extract 0.02%
Wild marjoram extract 0.03%
Fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract 0.03%
Shitosan 1%
Emulsifying agent 0.05%
3. fruit freshness preserving test
The fresh-keeping treating method of fruit such as cherry is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
In the natural plant composite preservative preparation method of plant extracts such as Chinese anise, thyme, wild marjoram, the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree with embodiment 1.
2. press column weight amount proportioning with Fructus Anisi Stellati extract, thyme extract, wild marjoram extract, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, shitosan, use dissolved in distilled water, adding distil water is to the concentration that requires, be stirred well to evenly, add emulsifier tween 80 then, ultrasonic wave disperses, and obtains the antistaling agent of homogeneous.
Fructus Anisi Stellati extract 0.06%
Thyme extract 0.04%
Wild marjoram extract 0.03%
Fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract 0.04%
Shitosan 1%
Emulsifying agent 0.05%
3. fruit freshness preserving test
The fresh-keeping treating method of fruit such as cherry is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
1. the preparation method embodiment 1 of plant extracts such as Chinese anise, thyme, wild marjoram, the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree in the natural plant composite preservative.
2. press column weight amount proportioning with Fructus Anisi Stellati extract, thyme extract, wild marjoram extract, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, shitosan, use dissolved in distilled water, adding distil water is to the concentration that requires, be stirred well to evenly, add emulsifier tween 80 then, ultrasonic wave disperses, and obtains the antistaling agent of homogeneous.
Fructus Anisi Stellati extract 0.05%
Thyme extract 0.03%
Wild marjoram extract 0.04%
Fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract 0.05%
Shitosan 1%
Emulsifying agent 0.08%
3. fruit freshness preserving test
Fruit freshness preserving test processing method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
In the natural plant composite preservative preparation method of plant extracts such as Chinese anise, thyme, wild marjoram, the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree with embodiment 1.
2. press column weight amount proportioning with Fructus Anisi Stellati extract, thyme extract, wild marjoram extract, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, shitosan, use dissolved in distilled water, adding distil water is to the concentration that requires, be stirred well to evenly, add emulsifier tween 20 then, ultrasonic wave disperses, and obtains the antistaling agent of homogeneous.
Fructus Anisi Stellati extract 0.04%
Thyme extract 0.04%
Wild marjoram extract 0.05%
Fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract 0.06%
Shitosan 1%
Emulsifying agent 0.08%
3. fruit freshness preserving test
The fresh-keeping treating method of fruit such as cherry is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6
In the natural plant composite preservative preparation method of plant extracts such as Chinese anise, thyme, wild marjoram, the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree with embodiment 1.
2. press column weight amount proportioning with Fructus Anisi Stellati extract, thyme extract, wild marjoram extract, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, shitosan, use dissolved in distilled water, adding distil water is to the concentration that requires, be stirred well to evenly, add emulsifier tween 80 then, ultrasonic wave disperses, and obtains the antistaling agent of homogeneous.
Fructus Anisi Stellati extract 0.03%
Thyme extract 0.05%
Wild marjoram extract 0.04%
Fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract 0.07%
Shitosan 1%
Emulsifying agent 0.08%
3. fruit freshness preserving test
The fresh-keeping treating method of fruit such as cherry is with embodiment 1.
Evidence is under normal temperature (20-25 ℃) condition, and the cherry storage prescription that this antistaling agent of process was handled was compared with the blank group after 7 days, can reduce rotting rate more than 50%, the loss that can also slow down cherry moisture simultaneously, and the quality of maintenance cherry improves its commodity.More than six kinds of embodiment antistaling agents the fresh-keeping effect of cherry is seen Table 1.
Table 1 antistaling agent of the present invention is to the fresh-keeping effect of cherry
The foregoing description is in order to contrast, and identical preparation condition has been adopted in the preparation of plant extracts, but other reaction conditions that adopt the present invention to provide all can reach effect of the present invention with different extractants, no longer provide specific embodiment at this.
In sum, content of the present invention is not limited in the above-described embodiment, and the knowledgeable people in the same area can propose other embodiment easily within technological guidance's thought of the present invention, but this embodiment comprises within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. natural plant composite preservative, it is characterized in that, form by following components in weight percentage: Fructus Anisi Stellati extract 0.02%～4%, thyme extract 0.01%～3%, wild marjoram extract 0.01～2%, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract 0.02～5%, shitosan 0.5%～3%, emulsifying agent 0.05%～0.12%, surplus are distilled water.
2. natural plant composite preservative according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described emulsifying agent is Tween 80 or polysorbas20.
3. natural plant composite preservative according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the deacetylation of described shitosan is 90%.
4. the preparation method of the described natural plant composite preservative of claim 1, it is characterized in that, by filling a prescription with Fructus Anisi Stellati extract, thyme extract, wild marjoram extract, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree extract, shitosan, use dissolved in distilled water, adding distil water is stirred well to evenly to the concentration that requires, and adds emulsifying agent then, ultrasonic wave disperses, and obtains the antistaling agent of homogeneous.
5. the preparation method of natural plant composite preservative according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described every kind of plant preparation method of extract may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, it is 30～100 orders that raw material are pulverized, and adds concentration and be 60%～95% ethanol water, raw material and ethanol water solid-liquid ratio are 1g: (6～10) ml, soaked 12～24 hours;
Step 2, the solidliquid mixture ultrasonic wave assisted extraction that will handle through step 1, the ultrasonic wave extraction conditions: ultrasonic temperature is that 40～60 ℃, supersonic frequency are that 20～40kHz, ultrasonic extraction time are 30～60 minutes; Then with solidliquid mixture suction filtration under 30～50kPa vacuum condition, get filtrate decompression distillation under 20～40kPa vacuum, 45～65 ℃ of conditions, reclaim ethanol, obtain containing the mixture of extract component and water;
Step 3, the extraction separatory with extractant extraction, with extract layer decompression distillation under 20～40kPa vacuum, 40～60 ℃ of conditions, reclaims extractant, obtains the plant extracts of oily.
6. the preparation method of natural plant composite preservative according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described extractant is a kind of in ethyl acetate, n-hexane, ether or the carrene.
7. the preservation method of the described natural plant composite preservative of claim 1 is characterized in that, fruit is put into antistaling agent soaked 0.5-5 minute, pulls out, after drying, puts into fresh-keeping holding tray, is covered with preservative film, in room temperature condition storage down.
8. the preservation method of natural plant composite preservative according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described fruit is cherry, grape or oranges and tangerines.
9. the preservation method of natural plant composite preservative according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described fruit is that outward appearance is neat, the fruit of no disease and pest and mechanical damage.
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