CN102011269A - Net shape preparation method of variable cross-section three-dimensional braiding preprofiling piece - Google Patents
Net shape preparation method of variable cross-section three-dimensional braiding preprofiling piece Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a net shape preparation method of a variable cross-section three-dimensional braiding preprofiling piece. By taking the maximum end surface of a preprofiling piece as a yarn reducing reference cross section, the variable cross-section three-dimensional braiding preprofiling piece is braided by carrying out yarn reducing operation and yarn moving operation for at least one time during the braiding process according to a four-step method square three-dimensional braiding technology.. The invention is characterized in that the yarn reducing operation comprises the following steps: dividing a braided yarn corresponding to the size reduction position of the cross section into a yarn unit, wherein when the cross section width is reduced, at least one line of yarn units are selected to serve as yarn reducing units, and when the thickness of the section cross is reduced, at least one row of yarn units are selected to serve as the yarn reducing units; taking yarns contained in all the yarn reducing units down from the suspension point of the chassis of a braiding machine; and cutting off the yarns on the free head end of the preprofiling piece. The method can be applied in various forms of braiding yarns such as single yarn, plied yarn and the like, and also can be applied in the preprofiling piece with smaller cross section areas, the yarn reducing units are arranged simply, and the method has the advantage of wide applicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of clean shape preparation method of variable cross-section 3 D weaving preform, the ingot that subtracts that is specially the 3 D weaving preform that a kind of cross sectional dimensions reduces along its length subtracts yarn dead size forming method.
Background technology
In existing four step rule square 3 D weaving technology, arrangement and the quantity of braiding yarn on the braiding machine chassis is determined by the shape of cross section of preform and size, in case selected a certain cross section as initial braiding cross section after, required braiding yarn radical and arrangement mode just can be according to known fineness of yarns, braid angle, material parameter such as fiber volume fraction and structural parameters calculate to be determined, the size and shape of knitting yarn array can not change in the whole braiding process, and the preform that finally obtains is the identical uiform section preform in cross section apparent size and initial braiding cross section.For example adopt basic four step rule square 3 D weaving technology, after being arranged in the T font on the braiding machine chassis, final what form is the T type beam constant along preform length direction cross section with the yarn of certain radical.As seen, Chang Gui four step rule square 3 D weaving technology can only prepare the uiform section preform that the cross-sectional profile size does not change along its length.
Yet in practical engineering application, most composite preforms are not the uiform section structural member, but the variable cross-section special-shaped structural part that cross sectional dimensions phases down along its length, for example blade of wind-driven generator, aircraft rotary wing blade, satellite Truss joint etc.The main method of this class variable cross-section composite preform of preparation is on the basis of corresponding uiform section preform at present, adopts traditional machinery back processing to obtain needed variable cross-section apparent size.In the back process, fortifying fibre is subjected to major injury, and the structural integrity of preform is destroyed, thereby has reduced the mechanical property of composite, has also increased operation simultaneously, has improved production cost.Publication number is the movement characteristic of the patent " composite 3 D multi-directional braided fabric dead size reduced profile yarn weaving method " of CN1614114A according to spindle in the round 3 D weaving of four step rule (moving yarn and motionless yarn), knitting yarn constantly reduced or subtract the cross-sectional area of braided fabric is reduced, thereby realized the dead size reduced profile yarn weaving of the three-dimensional braiding preforms that cross-sectional area gradually changes.But have only when knitting yarn is made up of the fibre bundle plying, just can adopt the method that reduces fineness of yarn to reduce area of section, and the minor alteration of fineness is difficult for when practical operation realizing that meticulous fibre bundle is gone back fluffing, fracture of wire easily in the braiding process.Publication number is that the patent " three dimensional knitting method of variable cross-section preform and product thereof " of CN1651627A is based on four step rule 3 D multi-directional weaving, an end face with preform is a benchmark, change and the braiding yarn characteristics of motion according to sectional dimension, design to subtract the quantity of yarn point and make and subtract the evenly distribution in subtracting the yarn cross section of yarn point, determine to subtract the thickness of yarn point place braiding yarn again according to the requirement of fiber volume fraction, by the moving of braiding yarn, Split Down, subtract the 3 D multi-directional integral weaving of thin realization variable cross-section preform again.But it is less to work as the preform cross-sectional area, braiding yarn radical more after a little while, the even distribution that subtracts yarn point is restricted, especially when cross-sectional width that reduces preformed member simultaneously and thickness, subtract yarn and put equally distributed requirement and be difficult to especially satisfy, and equally distributed standard clearly quantizes.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to deficiency at existing knitting skill, design a kind of clean shape preparation method of variable cross-section 3 D weaving preform, this method can realize the dead size moulding of the 3 D weaving preform that cross sectional dimensions reduces along its length, need not through further back processing, can guarantee the continuity of fortifying fibre, improve the structural integrity of preform and the mechanical mechanics property in variable cross-section zone, reduce production costs, simultaneously to single thread, various forms of braiding yarns such as strand and the less 3 D weaving preform of cross-sectional area all can be used, applied widely, subtract form that the yarn unit distributes with permutation or full line and be arranged in and subtract in the yarn cross section, method is simple.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of clean shape preparation method of variable cross-section 3 D weaving preform, with the largest end face of preform for subtracting the yarn baseline cross-section, weave according to four step rule square 3 D weaving technology, the yarn operation is operated and moved to the yarn that subtracts that carries out in the braiding process at least once, obtain variable cross-section 3 D weaving preform, it is characterized in that:
Describedly subtract yarn operation and comprise and to be divided into the yarn unit with the corresponding braiding yarn in sectional dimension reduction position, when the reduction cross-sectional width, select at least one row yarn unit as subtracting the yarn unit, when the reduction section thickness, select delegation's yarn unit conduct subtracting yarn unit at least, all yarns that comprises in the yarn unit that subtracts are taken off from braiding machine chassis hitch point, and it is cut off at the free head end place of preform;
The described yarn that moves is operated when being included in the reduction cross-sectional width, will with subtract the yarn unit be in mutually go together, the yarn unit of adjacent column position, the outside is as moving the yarn unit, fill move the yarn unit with the vacancy that subtracts the yarn unit, then successively will with this move the yarn unit be in mutually go together, the yarn unit translation of adjacent column position, the outside fills the yarn vacancy that this moves the yarn unit, subtract all whole translations in yarn unit in the outside of being expert at the yarn unit until this, vacant locations moves to till this row outermost; When the reduction tranverse sectional thickness, will with subtract yarn unit that the yarn unit is in same column, adjacent lines position, the outside as moving the yarn unit, fill move the yarn unit with the vacancy that subtracts the yarn unit, then will move the yarn unit translation that the yarn unit is in same column, adjacent lines position, the outside with this successively and fill the yarn vacancy that this moves the yarn unit, until this subtract yarn unit column the outside all move the whole translations in yarn unit, vacant locations moves to till this row outermost.
The minimum number of yarns that described yarn unit repeats with the characteristics of motion and be arranged as base unit is the set of one group of yarn, comprises the colleague at least or with listing two adjacent braiding yarns.
Preferably, when the reduction cross-sectional width, the two row yarn unit of selecting symmetry are as subtracting the yarn unit, and when the reduction section thickness, the two row yarn unit of selecting symmetry are as subtracting the yarn unit.
The clean shape preparation method of variable cross-section 3 D weaving preform of the present invention, specific as follows:
The first step, selection subtracts the yarn baseline cross-section, arrange, hang the braiding yarn: a certain end face (maximum cross-section) of selecting preform subtracts the yarn baseline cross-section for what begun volume, the main body yarn is that rectangular mode is arranged according to the mode of row and column, the yarn number of every row or every row is identical, the limit yarn is spaced in the periphery of main body array of yarns, and rule is according to subtracting the spread pattern of shaped design yarn on the braiding machine chassis of yarn baseline cross-section in view of the above, and will weave yarn and be hanging on the machine chassis;
Second step, take up one's knitting: the alternating movement that four step rule square 3 D weaving follows direction and column direction by yarn is finished and is interweaved, braiding yarn in the 1st step adjacent lines follows position of direction alternating movement, braiding yarn in the 2nd step adjacent column is along position of column direction alternating movement, the characteristics of motion of yarn is opposite with the 2nd step with the 1st step respectively in the 3rd step and the 4th step, through above-mentioned four steps motion, finish a braiding circulation, repeat above-mentioned four movement step, preform is constantly increased along its length;
In the 3rd step, subtract the yarn operation; Subtract the minimum number of yarns that repeats with the characteristics of motion yarn unit and be arranged as base unit, it is the set of one group of yarn, at least comprise the colleague or list two adjacent braiding yarns together, according to the sectional dimension situation of change, can make and subtract form that the yarn unit distributes with permutation or full line and be arranged in and subtract in the yarn cross section, permutation distributes when being meant reduction preform cross-sectional width, make and respectively subtract the yarn unit and be arranged in order along the column direction of knitting yarn linear array same column positions at all row, full line distributes when being meant reduction preform tranverse sectional thickness, make and respectively subtract the yarn unit and be arranged in order at the identical line position of all row along the line direction of knitting yarn linear array, to subtract the yarn that comprises in the yarn unit when subtracting the yarn operation and take off, and it be cut off at the free head end place of preform from its position at braiding machine chassis hitch point;
In the 4th step, move the yarn operation; Moving the yarn unit is the yarn repeat unit identical with subtracting yarn unit motion rule, the yarn that moves in the yarn unit is corresponding one by one with yarn in subtracting the yarn unit, during the reduction cross-sectional width, with subtract the yarn unit and be in identical line position, the vacancy that is subtracted yarn is filled in the yarn unit that moves of adjacent column position, the outside, another moves the translation of yarn unit and fills the yarn vacancy that this moves the yarn unit then to move the adjacent outside, yarn unit with this, all move the translation successively of yarn unit to subtract the outside of being expert at the yarn unit until this, vacant locations moves to till this row outermost, during the reduction tranverse sectional thickness, with subtract the yarn unit and be in the same column position, the vacancy that is subtracted yarn is filled in the yarn unit that moves of adjacent lines position, the outside, another moves the translation of yarn unit and fills the yarn vacancy that this moves the yarn unit then to move the adjacent outside, yarn unit with this, until this subtract yarn unit column the outside all move the translation successively of yarn unit, vacant locations moves to till this row outermost;
The 5th step, continue braiding: will weave after yarn moves and rearrange, all yarns participate in follow-up braiding according to the characteristics of motion of its current present position, repeat third and fourth step to next cross sectional dimensions change location place, until making of variable cross-section 3 D weaving preform.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
(1) subtract form that the yarn unit distributes with permutation or full line and be arranged in and subtract in the yarn cross section, method of operating is simple, can realize that the sectional dimension of arbitrary taper and any direction changes;
(2) can make preform according to the clean shape braiding of final size, avoid mechanical back to process material damage and the fault of construction that causes, improve the stability of composite materials property, reduce operation, help reducing production costs;
(3) wide accommodation, all applicable to the 3 D weaving preform that the braiding yarn of various ways such as single thread, strand and cross-sectional area are less.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 subtracts the yarn principle schematic for permutation;
Fig. 2 subtracts the yarn principle schematic for full line;
The three-dimensional shape schematic diagram of the frustum that Fig. 3 reduces simultaneously for cross-sectional width and thickness; Among Fig. 3,3 for subtracting the yarn baseline cross-section;
The three-dimensional shape schematic diagram of the tee girder that Fig. 4 reduces for the gusset height;
Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional shape schematic diagram of variable cross-section rectangular beam.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, for permutation subtracts the yarn principle schematic, subtract form that yarn unit 1 distributes with permutation among the figure and be arranged in and subtract in the yarn cross section, move yarn unit 2 be positioned at subtract the yarn unit be in mutually go together, the position of outside adjacent column, after execution subtracts yarn and moves the yarn operation, can reduce the width of cross section.
As shown in Figure 2, for full line subtracts the yarn principle schematic, subtract form that yarn unit 1 distributes with full line among the figure and be arranged in and subtract in the yarn cross section, move yarn unit 2 and be positioned at and subtract the position that the yarn unit is in same column, outside adjacent lines, after execution subtracts yarn and moves the yarn operation, can reduce the thickness of cross section.
Be example with concrete preform below, set forth the present invention.
As shown in Figure 3, the three-dimensional shape schematic diagram of the frustum that reduces simultaneously for cross-sectional width and thickness, weave the preform of three-dimensional four-way structure by four step rule square 3 D weaving technology, the weaving forming direction is along the length direction of cone table, the braiding yarn is the T700-12k carbon fiber, braid angle is 30 °, and fiber volume fraction is 45%.Selection subtracts yarn baseline cross-section 3, at first 624 one threads is gone with 24, and the arrangement modes of 24 row are hanging on the braiding machine chassis; Take up one's knitting according to four step rule square 3 D weaving technology then; Subtract yarn the 1st time, when moving yarn, at first make 26 to subtract form that the yarn unit distributes with permutation and be arranged in and subtract on the yarn cross section, cut 100 braiding yarns, adjacent column position, the outside move the position that the yarn unit is filled the vacancy yarn successively, make 22 to subtract form that the yarn unit distributes with full line and be arranged in this and subtract on the yarn cross section again, cut 84 braiding yarns, adjacent lines position, the outside move the position that the yarn unit is filled the vacancy yarn successively, subtract yarn the 2nd time, when moving yarn, at first make 22 to subtract form that the yarn unit distributes with permutation and be arranged in and subtract on the yarn cross section, cut 84 braiding yarns, adjacent column position, the outside move the position that the yarn unit is filled the vacancy yarn successively, make 18 to subtract form that the yarn unit distributes with full line and be arranged in this and subtract on the yarn cross section again, cut 68 braiding yarns, adjacent lines position, the outside move the position that the yarn unit is filled the vacancy yarn successively, when subtracting yarn the 3rd time, at first make 18 to subtract form that the yarn unit distributes with permutation and be arranged in and subtract on the yarn cross section, cut 68 braiding yarns, adjacent column position, the outside move the position that the yarn unit is filled the vacancy yarn successively, make 14 to subtract form that the yarn unit distributes with full line and be arranged in this and subtract on the yarn cross section again, cut 52 braiding yarns, adjacent lines position, the outside move the position that the yarn unit is filled the vacancy yarn successively, when subtracting yarn for the last time, at first make 14 to subtract form that the yarn unit distributes with permutation and be arranged in and subtract on the yarn cross section, cut 52 braiding yarns, adjacent column position, the outside move the position that the yarn unit is filled the vacancy yarn successively, make 10 to subtract form that the yarn unit distributes with full line and be arranged in this and subtract on the yarn cross section again, cut 36 braiding yarns, adjacent lines position, the outside move the position that the yarn unit is filled the vacancy yarn successively, promptly subtract yarn by 4 times, moving yarn cuts 144 altogether and subtracts the yarn unit, 544 braiding yarns are realized the clean shape preparation of the cone table preform that cross-sectional width and thickness reduce simultaneously, comprise 80 one threads in the minimum cross-section of final cone table.
As shown in Figure 4, the three-dimensional shape schematic diagram of the tee girder that reduces for the gusset height, the tee girder that adopts the inventive method braiding gusset height to reduce gradually, the braiding yarn adopts the high-strength fiber glass of 2400tex, and braid angle is 35 °, and fiber volume fraction is 55%.Selection subtracts yarn baseline cross-section 3, at first on the braiding machine chassis 8240 one threads is arranged in T shape, wherein comprises 4940 knitting yarns in the wing plate, comprises 3300 knitting yarns in the gusset; Take up one's knitting according to four step rule square 3 D weaving technology then; Because the wing plate of preform is the uiform section rectangular-shaped piece, and the variable section structure spare of gusset for diminishing highly gradually, therefore the yarn radical of wing plate remains unchanged in the braiding process, only need to subtract yarn weaving at the gusset place, the variation of gusset height is by subtracting yarn 6 times, moving the yarn close approximation, make 21 to subtract form that the yarn unit distributes with full line and be arranged in and subtract accordingly in the yarn cross section at every turn, subtract 82 on yarn, subtract the position that the yarn unit is filled the vacancy yarn successively of moving of adjacent lines position, the outside behind the yarn at every turn; After each braiding yarn moves and rearranges, will participate in follow-up braiding, have 7748 2400tex high-strength fiber glass in the minimum cross-section of final tee girder according to the characteristics of motion of its present position.
As shown in Figure 5, be the three-dimensional shape schematic diagram of variable cross-section rectangular beam, adopt the inventive method braiding variable cross-section rectangular beam preform, the braiding yarn is the T300-12k carbon fiber, and braid angle is 30 °, and fiber volume fraction is 45%.Selection subtracts yarn baseline cross-section 3, at first makes 1580 one threads with 30 row, and the mode of 50 row is arranged in rectangle on machine chassis; Take up one's knitting according to four step rule square 3 D weaving technology then; The variation of cross-sectional width is by subtracting yarn 5 times, moving the yarn close approximation, subtract 62 on yarn at every turn, 16 subtract form that the yarn unit distributes with permutation and are arranged in each and subtract in the yarn cross section, subtract the position that the yarn unit is filled the vacancy yarn successively of moving of adjacent column position, the outside behind the yarn at every turn, by subtracting yarn 5 times, moving the yarn operation, cut 80 altogether and subtract the yarn unit, 310 braiding yarns, when weaving to rectangular beam minimum end face, the braiding yarn radical that comprises in this cross section is 1270.
Claims (3)
1. the clean shape preparation method of a variable cross-section 3 D weaving preform, with the largest end face of preform for subtracting yarn baseline cross-section (3), weave according to four step rule square 3 D weaving technology, the yarn operation is operated and moved to the yarn that subtracts that carries out in the braiding process at least once, obtain variable cross-section 3 D weaving preform, it is characterized in that:
Describedly subtract yarn operation and comprise and to be divided into the yarn unit with the corresponding braiding yarn in sectional dimension reduction position, when the reduction cross-sectional width, select at least one row yarn unit as subtracting yarn unit (1), when the reduction section thickness, select delegation's yarn unit conduct subtracting yarn unit (1) at least, all yarns that comprises in the yarn unit (1) that subtracts are taken off from braiding machine chassis hitch point, and it is cut off at the free head end place of preform;
The described yarn that moves is operated when being included in the reduction cross-sectional width, will with subtract yarn unit (1) and be in mutually the yarn unit of colleague, adjacent column position, the outside as moving yarn unit (2), to move yarn unit (2) and fill the vacancy that subtracts yarn unit (1), then will move the yarn unit translation that yarn unit (2) is in mutually colleague, adjacent column position, the outside with this successively and fill the yarn vacancy that this moves yarn unit (2), subtract all whole translations in yarn unit in the outside of being expert at yarn unit (1) until this, vacant locations moves to till this row outermost; When the reduction tranverse sectional thickness, will with subtract yarn unit that yarn unit (1) is in same column, adjacent lines position, the outside as moving yarn unit (2), to move yarn unit (2) and fill the vacancy that subtracts yarn unit (1), then will move the yarn unit translation that yarn unit (2) is in same column, adjacent lines position, the outside with this successively and fill the yarn vacancy that this moves yarn unit (2), until this subtract yarn unit (1) column the outside all move all translations of yarn unit (2), vacant locations moves to till this row outermost.
2. the clean shape preparation method of variable cross-section 3 D weaving preform as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the minimum number of yarns that described yarn unit repeats with the characteristics of motion and be arranged as base unit, be the set of one group of yarn, comprise the colleague at least or list two adjacent braiding yarns together.
3. the clean shape preparation method of variable cross-section 3 D weaving preform as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when the reduction cross-sectional width, the two row yarn unit of selecting symmetry are as subtracting yarn unit (1), when the reduction section thickness, the two row yarn unit of selecting symmetry are as subtracting yarn unit (1).
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| CN2010105961469A CN102011269B (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2010-12-20 | Net shape preparation method of variable cross-section three-dimensional braiding preprofiling piece |
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| CN2010105961469A CN102011269B (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2010-12-20 | Net shape preparation method of variable cross-section three-dimensional braiding preprofiling piece |
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| CN102011269B CN102011269B (en) | 2012-07-04 |
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| CN102634928A (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2012-08-15 | 宜兴市华恒高性能纤维织造有限公司 | Preparation method for integrated three-dimensional multidirectional structural flat-top prefabricated body |
| CN102926128A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2013-02-13 | 上海飞机制造有限公司 | Three-dimensional weaving method of curve-type variable-cross-section step board |
| CN102965836A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-03-13 | 东华大学 | Net-shape preparation method of rounded irregular part under three-dimensional weaving |
| CN103046223A (en) * | 2013-01-20 | 2013-04-17 | 天津工大航泰复合材料有限公司 | Method and device for forming two-dimensional knitted prefabricated member with special variable cross-section curved surface |
| CN103437064A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2013-12-11 | 武汉纺织大学 | Yarn reducing and adding method for three-dimensional variable-sectional area knitted prefabricated parts based on driving yarn carriers |
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| CN102634928B (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2013-08-28 | 宜兴市华恒高性能纤维织造有限公司 | Preparation method for integrated three-dimensional multidirectional structural flat-top prefabricated body |
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| CN102926128A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2013-02-13 | 上海飞机制造有限公司 | Three-dimensional weaving method of curve-type variable-cross-section step board |
| CN102926128B (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-05-21 | 上海飞机制造有限公司 | Three-dimensional weaving method of curve-type variable-cross-section step board |
| CN102965836A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-03-13 | 东华大学 | Net-shape preparation method of rounded irregular part under three-dimensional weaving |
| CN103046223B (en) * | 2013-01-20 | 2014-11-12 | 天津工大航泰复合材料有限公司 | Method and device for forming two-dimensional knitted prefabricated member with special variable cross-section curved surface |
| CN103046223A (en) * | 2013-01-20 | 2013-04-17 | 天津工大航泰复合材料有限公司 | Method and device for forming two-dimensional knitted prefabricated member with special variable cross-section curved surface |
| CN103437064B (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2015-09-30 | 武汉纺织大学 | Subtracting yarn and adding yarn method of woven preform is amassed based on the three-dimensional variable section initiatively taking yarn device |
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| CN106884262A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-06-23 | 东华大学 | A kind of control of two-dimensional braided machine method for designing for weaving odd-shaped cross section preformed member |
| CN109652918A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-19 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Special-shaped curved quasi- three-dimensional weave and its weaving method and application |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102011269B (en) | 2012-07-04 |
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