CN102005197B - Drive circuit and related drive method of liquid crystal display - Google Patents
Drive circuit and related drive method of liquid crystal display Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102005197B CN102005197B CN 201010530723 CN201010530723A CN102005197B CN 102005197 B CN102005197 B CN 102005197B CN 201010530723 CN201010530723 CN 201010530723 CN 201010530723 A CN201010530723 A CN 201010530723A CN 102005197 B CN102005197 B CN 102005197B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- crystal display
- clock pulse
- temperature
- pulse width
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Abstract
The invention relates to a drive circuit and a related drive method of a liquid crystal display. The drive circuit of the liquid crystal display comprises a temperature sensor and a power integrated circuit. The temperature sensor is used for sensing the operating environment temperature of the liquid crystal display and generating a corresponding temperature signal according to the operating environment temperature. The power integrated circuit is used for providing a plurality of groups of clock pulse signals to drive a gate drive circuit of the liquid crystal display and adjusting the effective pulse width of the plurality of groups of clock pulse signals according to the temperature signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of liquid crystal display drive circuit and drive method thereof mutually, the espespecially a kind of initial bad liquid crystal display drive circuit of low temperature and drive method thereof of improving.
Background technology
Liquid crystal display (liquid crystal display, LCD) have low radiation, volume is little and the advantage such as low power consuming, replace gradually traditional cathode-ray tube display (cathode ray tube display, CRT), thereby be widely used in notebook computer, personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA), flat-surface television, or on the information product such as mobile phone.
Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of a liquid crystal display 100 in the prior art, and Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of a liquid crystal display 200 in the prior art.Liquid crystal display 100 and 200 respectively comprises a display panels 110, time schedule controller (timing controller) 120, one source pole driving circuit (source driver) 130, one gate driver circuit (gate driver) 140, many data line DL
1~DL
m, many gate lines G L
1~GL
n, and a picture element matrix.Picture element matrix is located on the display panels 110 and is comprised a plurality of pixel cell PX, and each pixel cell comprises a thin film transistor (TFT) (thin film transistor, TFT) switching TFT, a liquid crystal capacitance C
LCWith a storage capacitors C
ST, be respectively coupled to corresponding data line, corresponding gate line, and a common voltage V
COM Time schedule controller 120 can produce source electrode drive circuit 130 and required control signal and the clock pulse signal of gate driver circuit 140 runnings, so that source electrode drive circuit 130 can produce the data drive signal SD corresponding to show image according to this
1~SD
m, and so that gate driver circuit 140 can produce the required gate drive signal SG of unlatching thin film transistor switch TFT according to this
1~SG
n
In liquid crystal display shown in Figure 1 100, gate driver circuit 140 is external drive circuit, and it exports gate drive signal SG by many group grid-driving integrated circuits (gate driver IC) 142
1~SG
nIn liquid crystal display shown in Figure 2 200, gate driver circuit 140 utilizes and is integrated in liquid crystal panel (gate on array, GOA) technology is made, also be about to gate driver circuit 140 and be integrated on the display panels 110 that pixel cell PX is set, and by many group shift LD (shift register) cell S R
1~SR
nExport respectively gate drive signal SG
1~SG
n, therefore can reduce chip use amount and signal lead.
Tradition grid-driving integrated circuit framework and GOA framework all need shifting deposit unit and level shifter (level shifter), and level shifter is used for carrying collection of letters current potential to increase its driving force.The tradition grid-driving integrated circuit uses CMOS technique that shifting deposit unit and voltage potential shift unit are incorporated into one chip.In the GOA framework, shifting deposit unit utilizes TFT technique to make, and level shifter is incorporated in the pulse width modulation integrated circuit (PWM IC).Because On current ION and its grid voltage VGH of thin film transistor switch are directly proportional, and can diminish along with the external environment drop in temperature, that is the opening speed of thin film transistor (TFT) can Yin Wendu reduces and slack-off, so the problem of low temperature initial bad (cold-start) occurs under low temperature environment the GOA liquid crystal display easily.Under the low-temperature operation environment, prior art generally can increase by the grid voltage VGH that draws high thin film transistor switch the On current ION of thin film transistor switch, so can cause extra power consumption.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of driving circuit of liquid crystal display, it comprises a temperature-sensitive sticker, is used for detecting the operating environment temperature of this liquid crystal display and produces according to this a corresponding temperature signal; And a power integrated circuit, be used to provide many group clock pulse signals driving a gate driver circuit of this liquid crystal display, and adjust the effective pulse widths of this many group clock pulse signals according to this temperature signal.
The present invention provides a kind of driving method of liquid crystal display in addition, and it comprises when the operating environment temperature of this liquid crystal display is no more than a predetermined value, provides many groups clock pulse signal of tool one first effective pulse width to drive this liquid crystal display; And when the operating environment temperature of this liquid crystal display surpasses this predetermined value, provide many groups clock pulse signal of tool one second effective pulse width to drive this liquid crystal display, wherein this first effective pulse width is greater than this second effective pulse width.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are the synoptic diagram of liquid crystal display in the prior art;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of liquid crystal display among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of temperature-sensitive sticker and power integrated circuit in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B are the synoptic diagram of liquid crystal display driving method of the present invention.
Wherein, Reference numeral
350 temperature-sensitive stickers 110,310 display panels
360 power integrated circuits 120,320 time schedule controllers
370 potential shift unit 130,330 source electrode drive circuits
380 pulse width adjustment units 140,340 gate driver circuits
142 grid-driving integrated circuit SW1, SW2 switch
PX pixel cell SR
1~SR
nShifting deposit unit
C
LCLiquid crystal capacitance DL
1~DL
mData line
C
STStorage capacitors GL
1~GL
nGate line
DTS end points R1, R2, R3 resistance
C electric capacity RT thermistor
TFT thin film transistor switch AVDD2, AVDD2 voltage source
100,200,300 liquid crystal display COMP1, COMP2 comparer
Embodiment
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of a liquid crystal display 300 among the present invention.Liquid crystal display 300 comprises a display panels 310, time schedule controller 320, one source pole driving circuit 330, a gate driver circuit 340, a temperature-sensitive sticker 350, a power integrated circuit (power IC) 360, many data line DL
1~DL
m, many gate lines G L
1~GL
n, and a picture element matrix.Picture element matrix is located on the display panels 310 and is comprised a plurality of pixel cell PX, and each pixel cell comprises a thin film transistor switch TFT, a liquid crystal capacitance C
LCWith a storage capacitors C
ST, be respectively coupled to corresponding data line, corresponding gate line, and a common voltage V
COMTime schedule controller 320 can produce source electrode drive circuit 330, gate driver circuit 340 and required initial pulse signal VST and the reference clock pulse signal CK of power integrated circuit 360 runnings
1~CK
nDeng, so that source electrode drive circuit 330 can produce the data drive signal SD corresponding to show image according to this
1~SD
m, and so that power integrated circuit 360 can produce the required output clock pulse signal CK of gate driver circuit 340 runnings according to this
1'~CK
n'.In liquid crystal display 300, gate driver circuit 340 utilizes the GOA technology to make, and also is about to gate driver circuit 340 and is integrated on the display panels 310 that pixel cell PX is set.According to initial pulse signal VST and output clock pulse signal CK
1'~CK
n', gate driver circuit 340 can be by many group shifting deposit unit SR
1~SR
nProduce respectively and open the required gate drive signal SG of thin film transistor switch TFT
1~SG
n
Temperature-sensitive sticker 350 is used for detecting the operating environment temperature of liquid crystal display 300, and produces according to this a corresponding temperature signal Sg.Power integrated circuit 360 comprises a potential shift unit 370 and a pulse width adjustment unit 380.Potential shift unit 370 can promote reference clock pulse signal CK
1~CK
nCurrent potential, and pulse width adjustment unit 380 can be adjusted reference clock pulse signal CK according to temperature signal Sg
1~CK
nEffective pulse width.Therefore, the output clock pulse signal CK that provides of power integrated circuit 360
1'~CK
n' its voltage potential is than reference clock pulse signal CK
1~CK
nBe height, and effective pulse width can be different with temperature.
In the present invention, reference clock pulse signal CK
1~CK
nCurrent potential can between an activation current potential and a decapacitation current potential, switch with a predetermined period, the activation current potential refers to the current potential that the conducting membrane transistor switch is required, and effective pulse width refers to reference clock pulse signal CK
1~CK
nIn fact maintain the activation current potential during.In other words, the present invention increases the ON time of thin film transistor switch under the low-temperature operation environment, with the On current of the compensation film transistor switch characteristic with drop in temperature, and then improves the initial bad situation of low temperature.
For instance, suppose to judge that the initial critical temperature of low temperature is made as 25 ℃: when the operating environment temperature that detects liquid crystal display 300 when temperature-sensitive sticker 350 was higher than 25 ℃, pulse width adjustment unit 380 can provide the output clock pulse signal CK of the less effective pulse width of tool
1'~CK
n'; When the operating environment temperature that detects liquid crystal display 300 when temperature-sensitive sticker 350 was lower than 25 ℃, pulse width adjustment unit 380 can provide the output clock pulse signal CK of the larger effective pulse width of tool
1'~CK
n', to strengthen the ability of driving grid driving circuit 340.Simultaneously, according to output clock pulse signal CK
1'~CK
n', shifting deposit unit SR
1~SR
nThe gate drive signal SG that when low temperature, produces
1~SG
nAlso can the larger effective pulse width of tool, and then improve the initial bad situation of panel pixel low temperature.
According to temperature signal Sg, pulse width adjustment unit 380 can be adjusted reference clock pulse signal CK by the top rake mode
1~CK
nEffective pulse width, for example at reference clock pulse signal CK
1~CK
nThe waveform drop edge discharge, and come at reference clock pulse signal CK by adjusting discharge starting point, intensity and time span
1~CK
nThe waveform drop edge cause different top rake effects, and then change effective pulse width.Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of temperature-sensitive sticker 350 and power integrated circuit 360 in the embodiment of the invention.Temperature-sensitive sticker 350 comprises a resistance R 1, a thermistor RT, a comparator C OMP1, and an interrupteur SW 1.Thermistor RT is variable-resistance a kind of, and its resistance value can change along with temperature variation.The bleeder circuit that forms by resistance R 1, thermistor RT and a voltage source AVDD1 can provide corresponding to a present reference voltage V of liquid crystal display 300 operating environment temperature
REF1To the positive input terminal of comparator C OMP1, the negative input end of comparator C OMP1 then receives the voltage V corresponding to the initial critical temperature of low temperature (for example 25 ℃)
THInterrupteur SW 1 can be a metal oxide semiconductor transistor switch: (V under the normal-temperature operation environment
REF1>V
TH) time, the temperature signal Sg of comparator C OMP1 meeting output device activation current potential is with actuating switch SW1; (V under the low-temperature operation environment
REF1<V
TH) time, the temperature signal Sg of comparator C OMP1 meeting output device decapacitation current potential is with closing switch SW1.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, pulse width adjustment unit 380 possesses the top rake function, and it comprises a capacitor C, resistance R 2 and R3, a comparator C OMP2, and an interrupteur SW 2.When interrupteur SW 1 not conducting, voltage source AVDD2 can come charging capacitor C by resistance R 2; When interrupteur SW 1 conducting, capacitor C internal memory energy can be sent to end points DTS, and is higher than reference voltage V at the current potential (positive input terminal of comparator C OMP2) of end points DTS
REF2Current potential (negative input end of comparator C OMP2) time discharge by resistance R 3, and then at reference clock pulse signal CK
1~CK
nThe waveform drop edge begin top rake; When the current potential of end points DTS is lower than reference voltage V
REF2Current potential the time, interrupteur SW 2 not conductings and top rake stops.The value of capacitor C and resistance R 2 can determine the top rake slope, and reference voltage V
REFCan determine top rake time length with the value of capacitor C.The duration of charging T of capacitor C
CHARGEWith T discharge time
DISCHARGECan be represented by following formula:
Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B are the synoptic diagram of liquid crystal display driving method of the present invention, and Fig. 5 A is the output clock pulse signal CK that (for example temperature is lower than 25 ℃) provides under the low-temperature operation environment
1'~CK
n', and Fig. 5 B is the output clock pulse signal CK that (for example temperature is higher than 25 ℃) provides under the normal-temperature operation environment
1'~CK
n'.Shown in Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B, by pulse width adjustment unit 380 of the present invention, output clock pulse signal CK under the low temperature
1'~CK
n' effective width W1 greater than output clock pulse signal CK under the normal temperature
1'~CK
n' effective width W2, therefore can increase the ON time of thin film transistor switch when low temperature.
According to the temperature signal Sg corresponding to the operating environment temperature, pulse width adjustment unit 380 of the present invention can be adjusted reference clock pulse signal CK by different way
1~CK
nEffective pulse width, the effective pulse width that shortens signal with the top rake discharge mode shown in Figure 4 for example.Yet shown in Figure 4 only is embodiments of the invention, does not limit category of the present invention.
Under the low-temperature operation environment, the present invention opens thin film transistor switch with the larger signal of effective pulse width, that is the ON time of thin film transistor switch when low temperature is longer, with the On current of the compensation film transistor switch characteristic with drop in temperature, and then improve the initial bad situation of low temperature.
Certainly; the present invention also can have other various embodiments; in the situation that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention and essence thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art work as can make according to the present invention various corresponding changes and distortion, but these corresponding changes and distortion all should belong to the protection domain of the appended claim of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the driving circuit of a liquid crystal display is characterized in that, it comprises:
One temperature-sensitive sticker is used for detecting the operating environment temperature of this liquid crystal display and produces according to this a corresponding temperature signal; Wherein, this temperature-sensitive sticker further comprises one first resistance, a thermistor, one first comparer and one first switch, and in normal-temperature operation environment lower time, the temperature signal that this first comparer can output device activation current potential is with this first switch of conducting; In low-temperature operation environment lower time, the temperature signal that this first comparer can output device decapacitation current potential is to close this first switch; And
One power integrated circuit is used to provide many group clock pulse signals driving a gate driver circuit of this liquid crystal display, and adjusts the effective pulse widths of this many group clock pulse signals according to this temperature signal; This power integrated circuit comprises: a potential shift unit is used for promoting this current potentials of organizing clock pulse signals more; And an adjustment unit, it comes these many group clock pulse signals are carried out top rake according to this temperature signal, and then adjusts the effective pulse widths of this many group clock pulse signals;
Wherein, this adjustment unit further comprises an electric capacity, one second resistance and one the 3rd resistance, one second comparer, and a second switch, and when this not conducting of the first switch, voltage source can come charging capacitor by this second resistance; When this first switch conduction, when the current potential of the positive input terminal of this second comparer was higher than the current potential of given reference voltage, this electric capacity discharged by the 3rd resistance, and then began top rake in the waveform drop edge of these many group clock pulse signals; When the current potential of the positive input terminal of this second comparer was lower than given reference voltage, this not conducting of second switch top rake stopped.
2. driving circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
When the operating environment temperature of this liquid crystal display was no more than a predetermined value, clock pulse signals were organized in being somebody's turn to do of this power integrated circuit output device one first effective pulse width more; And
When the operating environment temperature of this liquid crystal display surpasses this predetermined value, this power integrated circuit utilizes the top rake mode to discharge in the waveform drop edge of these many group clock pulse signals, and then being somebody's turn to do of output device one second effective pulse width organized clock pulse signals, and this first effective pulse width is greater than this second effective pulse width more.
3. the driving method of the driving circuit of a claim 1 or 2 described liquid crystal display is characterized in that it comprises:
When the operating environment temperature of this liquid crystal display is no more than a predetermined value, provide many groups clock pulse signal of tool one first effective pulse width to drive this liquid crystal display; And
When the operating environment temperature of this liquid crystal display surpasses this predetermined value, provide many groups clock pulse signal of tool one second effective pulse width to drive this liquid crystal display, wherein this first effective pulse width is greater than this second effective pulse width.
4. driving method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, it comprises in addition:
When the operating environment temperature of this liquid crystal display surpasses this predetermined value, these many group clock pulse signals are carried out top rake to dwindle the effective pulse width of these many group clock pulse signals.
5. driving method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, it comprises in addition:
Adjust top rake slope or the top rake time length of these many group clock pulse signals according to the operating environment temperature of this liquid crystal display.
6. driving method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, it comprises in addition:
The pixel of this liquid crystal display of scanning during the effective pulse width of these many group clock pulse signals.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN 201010530723 CN102005197B (en) | 2010-10-28 | 2010-10-28 | Drive circuit and related drive method of liquid crystal display |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN 201010530723 CN102005197B (en) | 2010-10-28 | 2010-10-28 | Drive circuit and related drive method of liquid crystal display |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN102005197A CN102005197A (en) | 2011-04-06 |
CN102005197B true CN102005197B (en) | 2013-02-27 |
Family
ID=43812507
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN 201010530723 Active CN102005197B (en) | 2010-10-28 | 2010-10-28 | Drive circuit and related drive method of liquid crystal display |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN102005197B (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102522071B (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-11-27 | 北京大学 | LCD (liquid crystal display) pixel selection signal generating circuit, LCD controller and control method thereof |
TWI467540B (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2015-01-01 | Upi Semiconductor Corp | Reference voltage generator of gate driving circuit and reference voltage generating method |
CN103413534B (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-11-25 | 南京中电熊猫液晶显示科技有限公司 | The driving method of liquid crystal display and signal thereof |
CN104966498B (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-08-04 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | A kind of voltage compensating circuit and the voltage compensating method based on voltage compensating circuit |
CN105390112B (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2018-04-03 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | Thin-film transistor gate voltage supply circuit |
CN105788508B (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2017-07-25 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of gate driving circuit and display panel |
TWI578293B (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2017-04-11 | 友達光電股份有限公司 | Display device and driving method thereof |
CN106601202B (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2019-04-09 | 昆山龙腾光电有限公司 | Liquid crystal display device, gamma electric voltage regulating device and its adjusting method |
KR102630608B1 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2024-01-26 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | Organic light emitting display device and method for driving the same |
CN107093411B (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-05-07 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | Liquid crystal panel drive circuit and liquid crystal display |
CN109960433B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2022-11-01 | 敦泰电子有限公司 | Touch display device and control method thereof |
CN112133240B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2023-03-14 | 上海中航光电子有限公司 | Display panel driving method and display device |
CN113077736A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-07-06 | Tcl华星光电技术有限公司 | Control circuit, display device, and electronic apparatus |
CN114360457B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2023-05-02 | 深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 | Emission driving circuit and display device |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1393845A (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2003-01-29 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Method for driving electrooptics apparatus, driving circuit, electrooptics apparatus and electronic equipment |
CN1637819A (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-13 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | Driver circuit of semiconductor display device and driving method thereof and electronic apparatus |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101021444B1 (en) * | 2004-04-16 | 2011-03-15 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | Field Sequential color LCD and driving method thereof |
JP5070745B2 (en) * | 2006-06-14 | 2012-11-14 | パナソニック株式会社 | Plasma display apparatus and driving method of plasma display panel |
CN101587700B (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2011-11-09 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | Liquid crystal display and method for driving same |
-
2010
- 2010-10-28 CN CN 201010530723 patent/CN102005197B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1393845A (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2003-01-29 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Method for driving electrooptics apparatus, driving circuit, electrooptics apparatus and electronic equipment |
CN1637819A (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-13 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | Driver circuit of semiconductor display device and driving method thereof and electronic apparatus |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
JP特开2007-333920A 2007.12.27 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102005197A (en) | 2011-04-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN102005197B (en) | Drive circuit and related drive method of liquid crystal display | |
US10741139B2 (en) | Goa circuit | |
CN101587700B (en) | Liquid crystal display and method for driving same | |
CN108766380B (en) | GOA circuit | |
US8957882B2 (en) | Gate drive circuit and display apparatus having the same | |
CN102945657B (en) | Shift register unit, grid drive circuit, array substrate and display device | |
TWI344134B (en) | Liquid crystal display apparatus | |
TWI410941B (en) | Liquid crystal display capable of reducing image flicker and method for driving the same | |
CN102708779B (en) | Shift register and driving device thereof, grid driving device and display device | |
CN102013244B (en) | Liquid crystal display driving circuit and related driving method | |
US20150325190A1 (en) | Shift register unit, gate driving circuit and display device | |
US20080068326A1 (en) | Shift register, shift register array, and flat display apparatus | |
CN102005196A (en) | Shift register with low power loss | |
CN105355187A (en) | GOA (gate driver on array) circuit based on LTPS (low temperature poly-silicon) semiconductor thin film transistor | |
US9171516B2 (en) | Gate driver on array circuit | |
US20080030494A1 (en) | Gate-on voltage generation circuit, gate-off voltage generation circuit, and liquid crystal display device having the same | |
US10685615B2 (en) | Shift register and driving method thereof, gate driving circuit, and display device | |
TWI415051B (en) | Lcd driving circuit and related driving method | |
US20090256832A1 (en) | Method and a device for driving liquid crystal display | |
CN104766576A (en) | GOA circuit based on P type thin film transistors | |
CN101593561B (en) | Liquid crystal display | |
CN105047155A (en) | Liquid crystal display apparatus and GOA scanning circuit | |
CN110264948A (en) | Shift register cell, driving method, gate driving circuit and display device | |
CN105448256A (en) | Liquid crystal display device and driving method thereof | |
US11587521B2 (en) | Gate driver on array (GOA) circuit and display device solving problem of electrical stress easily biasing threshold voltage of thin film transistor (TFT) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |