CN102004056B - Self-piercing riveting quality online detection system and method - Google Patents
Self-piercing riveting quality online detection system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102004056B CN102004056B CN 201010605611 CN201010605611A CN102004056B CN 102004056 B CN102004056 B CN 102004056B CN 201010605611 CN201010605611 CN 201010605611 CN 201010605611 A CN201010605611 A CN 201010605611A CN 102004056 B CN102004056 B CN 102004056B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
- B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/10—Riveting machines
- B21J15/28—Control devices specially adapted to riveting machines not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups
- B21J15/285—Control devices specially adapted to riveting machines not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups for controlling the rivet upset cycle
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Abstract
The invention relates to self-piercing riveting quality online detection system and method in the technical field of machining. The system comprises a weighing sensor, a displacement sensor, a weighing sensor amplifier, a displacement sensor amplifier, a data acquisition card and a calculation module. According to the invention, whether the joint quality is qualified or not is judged through acquiring the force-time and displacement-time curves in the self-piercing riveting process according to one feature window and three feature tolerance ranges on the acquired curves and the defect type to which qualified joints belong is also judged. The method gives consideration to the changes of the displacement and the force in the riveting process, has the characteristics of sensitivity to defects like plate gaps and the like, high defect detection speed and the like and can specifically detect various defects.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is the system and method in a kind of Machining Technology field, specifically is a kind of self-piercing riveting quality on-line detection system and detection method thereof.
Background technology
Self-piercing riveting is meant rivet is pressed into sheet material, make it pierce through top plate after, under mould, lower floor's sheet material and the acting in conjunction of rivet shape of leg, rivet to around open and form mechanical interlocked connection technology.Along with energy crisis and environmental pollution receive concern more and more widely, the environmental-protecting performance of automobile and fuel economy are more and more paid attention to by each big automobile vendor.Therefore, as realizing the light-weighted important channel of automobile, various novel lightweight materials such as aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy are widely used in the vehicle body manufacturing.Self-piercing riveting becomes the main interconnection technique of aluminum vehicle body as a kind of cooling formation technic of maturation.
Its riveting quality of mechanics feature decision of self-piercing riveting technology receives influence of various factors such as sheet material, rivet, mould, pressing equipment, so quality testing reduces the defective joint, the important meaning of enhancing productivity to improving the reliability of self-piercing riveting.The evaluation method of self-piercing riveting is mainly divided two big types at present: the one, and damage type detects.This method is the quality testing mode of present widespread use, comprises destructive mechanical test and cross-section method.Destructive mechanical test be the riveted joint test specimen is drawn with mechanics experimental equipment cut, peel off, mechanical test that fatigue etc. is destroyed character to be to judge the strength of joint quality; The cross-section method is that riveted joint is cut along the joint diameter, under certain standard, passes judgment on each shape characteristic of joint xsect, judges the quality of riveting quality with this.The damage type detection method is the most reliable method of a kind of measurement riveted joint quality quality; But this is a quality determining method under a kind of line; Not only the efficient low-cost is high, and can't reach 100% detection, thereby is not suitable for the quality testing in the automatic mass production.The 2nd, non-damage type detects.
Retrieval through to prior art is found; " Inprocess Quality Monitoring ofPunch riveting [J] " (LiebigHP.; Mutschler J, Bander Blecre, 1993; 34 (5): 52-54) in (towards riveting procedure quality monitoring) according to the difference of the riveted joint curve of load characteristic various technological parameters under, propose to estimate the self-piercing riveting method for quality through detection power displacement curve.Afterwards; Document " Characterization for Quality Monitoring of a Self-Piercing Riveting Process [C] " (HouW, Mangialard E, Hu J; Et al.Sheet Metal Welding Conference XI; Sterling Heights, 2004, May11-14:8-3) (self-piercing riveting procedure quality monitoring characteristic) studied characteristic and the technological parameter of load displacement curve in the self-piercing riveting process, the relation between the operate miss systemicly.They find the load displacement curve that different rivet length, sheet metal thickness, mold shape have different characteristic, can judge the technology trouble in the self-piercing riveting processing through the signal extraction to load displacement curve.This method is by Henrobs; Bollhoffs; With company's Application and Development such as Orbitforms in the online testing product of self-piercing riveting; But not enough below this method exists: 1, adopt force-displacement curve to detect all to be with datum curve and squint up and down and a tolerance range forming is that quality is judged the zone, also therefore insensitive along the variation of horizontal ordinate (offset axis) to curve in the riveted joint process, make the detection of the change in displacement in the riveted joint process have some blind areas; 2, to some the specific most common failure in the riveted joint process, insensitive as being departed from by riveting plate gap and rivet etc., cause its measuring ability to be restricted; 3, rely on the departure degree of tolerance range to judge quality merely, can't provide the reason that causes defective, can't instruct the improvement of production technology.Except power displacement curve method, document " Online Visual Measurement of Self-Pierce Riveting Systems to Help Determine theQuality of the Mechanical Interlock " (Johnson, P; Cullen, J D., Sharples; L., Shaw, A.; Al-Shamma ' a, A I.Journal ofMeasurement, 2009; 42 (5): 661-667) (be used to judge the online vision self-piercing riveting quality determining method of mechanical chain quality) the visual identity technology is applied to the self-piercing riveting quality testing; But this technology is only applicable to detect the quality problems that the rivet position causes to avoid sky riveting, rivet initially to depart from etc., and sensing range is limited, is not widely used.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the above-mentioned deficiency that prior art exists; A kind of self-piercing riveting quality on-line detection system and detection method thereof are provided; Through obtaining power-time and the displacement-time curve in the self-piercing riveting process; A characteristic window and three feature tolerances bands according on the obtaining curve judge that whether qualified joint quality is, and which kind of defect type defective joint belongs to.This method takes into account displacement and power is being riveted omnidistance variation; Have responsive to defectives such as plate gaps, to characteristics such as defects detection speed are fast, can change that mistake, rivet hardness change that mistake, fit-up gap are made mistakes to rivet length, empty riveting (not putting rivet when promptly riveting), the rivet riveting that caused by the fluctuation of riveting plate material went into number of drawbacks such as dark or protrusion and carry out clear and definite detection.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
The present invention relates to a kind of self-piercing riveting quality on-line detection system; Comprise: LOAD CELLS, displacement transducer, LOAD CELLS amplifier, displacement transducer amplifier, data collecting card and computing module; Wherein: the input end of LOAD CELLS links to each other with the rivet driving stem and the LOAD CELLS amplifier input terminal of self-piercing riveting equipment respectively with output terminal; The input end of displacement transducer links to each other with the rivet driving stem and the displacement transducer amplifier input terminal of self-piercing riveting equipment respectively with output terminal; LOAD CELLS amplifier and the output terminal of displacement transducer amplifier link to each other with data collecting card and the time-domain signal of power output and displacement, and data collecting card links to each other with computing module and exports the digital sensing signal.
The present invention relates to the detection method of said system, may further comprise the steps:
The first step, the sampling rate that system is set are 1kHz; The rivet force signal is carried out cycle criterion; When the rivet force of continuous 10 points during greater than 0.1kN; Start LOAD CELLS, displacement transducer and begin force signal and the collection of displacement signal, when the rivet force of continuous 30 points fluctuates, finish power and displacement signal collection in the 0.1kN scope when front connector;
Second step, employing arithmetic mean filter method or middle position value filtering method calculate force-time curve and displacement-time curve according to the time-domain signal of detected power and displacement;
The 3rd the step, confirm characteristic window and feature tolerances band through computing module force-time curve that reperformance test obtains to several times and displacement-time curve;
The 4th goes on foot, utilizes characteristic window and feature tolerances band that the self-piercing riveting joint quality is realized detecting in real time.
Described characteristic window and feature tolerances band are meant: pierce through top plate flex point window, force-time curve starting point tolerance range, displacement-time curve starting point tolerance range and end point tolerance range.Wherein be defined as tolerance range, only need carry out the size comparison the X axle (being time shaft) or Y axle (being power value or the shift value) direction of this point on the curve; Be defined as window, then need carry out the size comparison to the X axle and the Y direction of this point on the curve simultaneously.
The described top plate flex point window that pierces through obtains in the following manner: two frontier points are done respectively perpendicular to two straight lines of abscissa axis; To tolerance range, described two frontier points are respectively power-time starting points and the flex point that occurs on the force-time curve (are set according to concrete production is actual) when the plate gap is threshold values by the constructed X of these two straight lines.
Described displacement-time curve starting point tolerance range obtains in the following manner: through the several times reperformance test; And after test obtained all joints and is qualified joint, the determined Y of minimum and maximum value shift value of riveted joint process starting point was to tolerance range in the data that displacement-time signal obtains after filtering.
Described displacement-time curve end point tolerance range obtains in the following manner: through the several times reperformance test; And after test obtains all joints and is qualified joint, the tolerance range that minimum and maximum value defined in the data that obtain after filtering by displacement transducer when detecting the riveted joint process and finish.
Described several times reperformance test is meant: repeated acquisition force-time curve and displacement-time curve more than 20 times; And after guaranteeing that all joints are qualified joint; According to the distribution of piercing through the top plate flex point; Get respectively wherein and the longlyest to do two straight lines perpendicular to time shaft (X axle) with the shortest time value, acquisition X to tolerance range; Get wherein minimum and maximum power value and do two straight lines perpendicular to mechanical axis (Y axle), obtain Y to tolerance range, and final by these four windows that straight line surrounded.
Described qualified joint is its rivet head of resulting joint and the same level height of top plate under this kind technological parameter, and rivet shank and lower plywood form effective interlocking and there is not crackle in joint, slit, the asymmetric defective that influences strength of joint that waits.
Described real-time detection is meant: when the force-time curve of self-piercing riveting joint and all unique points on the displacement-time curve in characteristic window or feature tolerances band, then testing result is qualified, otherwise:
1) when the starting point of displacement-time curve was below the starting point tolerance range, testing result was that rivet length is long; When the starting point of displacement-time curve was above the starting point tolerance range, testing result was that rivet length is too short;
2) when piercing through the top plate flex point, force-time curve even do not exist on the window right side; The end point of simultaneous displacement-time curve is above the end point tolerance range; Testing result is that rivet is too soft; Cause piercing through top plate time lag even can't penetrate top plate, simultaneously because riveting is flat and embed lower plywood and cause manufactured head to protrude fully;
3) pierce through the top plate flex point in window left side when force-time curve; The end point of simultaneous displacement-time curve is above the end point tolerance range; Testing result is that rivet is too hard, causes piercing through the top plate time in advance and make the rivet riveting go into to take an advanced study into manufactured head to be absorbed in lower plywood;
4) near the starting point of force-time curve, flex point occurs, and the position of flex point exceeds force-time curve starting point tolerance range promptly on its right side;
5) pierce through the right side that the top plate flex point appears at the flex point window when force-time curve; The starting point of displacement-time curve is when these three kinds of situation occur simultaneously below displacement-time starting point tolerance range, and testing result is that the plate gap is greater than allowable value;
6) do not pierce through the top plate flex point when force-time curve does not exist, the starting point of simultaneous displacement-time curve is when both of these case occurs simultaneously above displacement-time starting point tolerance range, and testing result is empty riveting;
7) pierce through the top plate flex point above window when force-time curve, testing result is that top plate intensity is too strong, causes piercing through the needed power of top plate and increases;
8) pierce through the top plate flex point in beneath window when force-time curve, testing result be top plate intensity too a little less than, cause piercing through the needed power of top plate and reduce;
9) pierce through the top plate flex point in window when force-time curve; But the end point of displacement-time curve is below the end point tolerance range; Testing result is that top plate intensity is normal, but because lower plywood intensity is too strong, and riveting is flat and embed lower plywood and cause manufactured head to protrude fully to cause rivet;
10) pierce through the top plate flex point in window when force-time curve; But the end point of displacement-time curve is above the end point tolerance range; Testing result is that top plate intensity is normal, but since lower plywood intensity too a little less than, cause the rivet riveting to go into to take an advanced study into manufactured head and be absorbed in lower plywood.
Detection method of the present invention adopts unique point to realize the real-time detection of riveted joint quality.Compared with prior art, have the following advantages: 1, detect, also detected the variation that displacement signal produces because of the various factors influence except the force signal to the riveted joint process changes; 2, the blindness of having avoided the tolerance range detection method that all process datas are analyzed; 3, comparatively responsive to defectives such as plate gaps, it is more directly perceived accurate that defect type is detected; 4, the speed of judging is fast, can under the situation that does not influence production run, detect and the quality quick diagnosis the self-piercing riveting joint quality on online in real time ground.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the power-time that detection method of the present invention detected and the overall process curve map of displacement-time signal.
Fig. 3 is each characteristic window in the defined curve of the present invention and the synoptic diagram of three feature tolerances bands.
Fig. 4 is (a) no gap in the plate gap for detection method of the present invention, (b) 1mm, and (c) 2mm detects resulting curve map to the riveted joint process under the situation that other parameter remains unchanged.
Embodiment
Elaborate in the face of embodiments of the invention down, present embodiment provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment being to implement under the prerequisite with technical scheme of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1; Present embodiment comprises: LOAD CELLS 1, displacement transducer 2, LOAD CELLS amplifier 3, displacement transducer amplifier 4, data collecting card 5 and computing module 6; Wherein: the input end of LOAD CELLS 1 links to each other with the rivet driving stem of self-piercing riveting equipment and the input end of LOAD CELLS amplifier 3 respectively with output terminal; The input end of displacement transducer 2 links to each other with the rivet driving stem of self-piercing riveting equipment and the input end of displacement transducer amplifier 4 respectively with output terminal; LOAD CELLS amplifier 3 links to each other with data collecting card 5 with the output terminal of displacement transducer amplifier 4 and exports the analog sensed signal, and data collecting card 5 links to each other with computing module 6 and exports the digital sensing signal.
The LOAD CELLS rated capacity that the embodiment of the invention is selected for use is 10T, and accuracy class is 0.05%F.S, and reproducibility error is ± 0.03%F.S; The displacement transducer linearity measuring range of selecting for use is 300mm, and accuracy class is 0.05%F.S, can guarantee that in the speed of 100m/s error is less than 0.01mm; The output voltage of the LOAD CELLS amplifier of selecting for use is 0-10V, and accuracy class is ± 0.1%F.S; The displacement transducer amplifier output voltage of selecting for use is 0-10V, and accuracy class is ± 0.1%F.S; The data collecting card of selecting for use is the E series data capture card of America NI company, and its major parameter is following: 16 tunnel single-ended/8 road difference analogues inputs, and 12 precision, the 200KS/s sampling rate, 200KS/s disk writing speed, ± 0.05 arrives ± the 10V input range.
Plate to be connected in the present embodiment is: aluminium alloy AA6061-T6+ mild carbon steel GMW2, and promptly aluminium alloy is last, and mild carbon steel is following; Panel thickness coupling: 2mm+1.8mm.
Semitubular rivet in the present embodiment adopts the sunk head rivet of traditional self-piercing riveting, and head diameter is 7.75mm, and leg outer diameter is 5.30mm, and rivet length is 7.00mm.
Technological parameter: the rivet force of driving stem is 65kN, and die depth is 2.0mm.
Present embodiment adopts 1mm and two kinds of thickness of 2mm, and specification is gap between the monolithic clearance gauge analog board of 75mm * 10mm.
Embodiment step and content:
1, sampling rate being set is 1kHz, and selects at least a disposal route in the filtering methods such as arithmetic mean filter method, middle position value filtering method that described time-domain signal is carried out data processing.The arithmetic mean filter method is that a N continuous sampled value is carried out the arithmetic mean computing, is applicable to generally have random disturbance, near the filtering of the signal of fluctuation up and down a certain numerical range, but require the data computation rapid speed relatively to waste RAM simultaneously.The middle position value filtering method is N data to continuous sampling, removes a maximal value and a minimum value, calculates the arithmetic mean of N-2 data.It belongs to a kind of readme average filter method of modified form, has strengthened the antijamming capability to the accidental pulse that occurs, and can eliminate because the caused sampled value deviation of impulse disturbances.
2, be in holding state after the start-up system.The rivet force signal is carried out cycle criterion,, detect that the riveted joint process begins and the detection trigger system gathers and stores power and displacement signal when the rivet force of continuous 10 points during greater than 0.1kN;
3, power and the displacement time-domain signal in the detected self-piercing riveting process of collection and storage power and displacement transducer.Multiple factors such as sheet material, rivet, mould, pressing equipment all can cause the position and the time of driving stem contact top plate in the riveted joint process, and the position and the power of laminate is put in the driving stem riveting, and position and power that driving stem finishes the riveted joint process change.These change and to convert it into electric signal through equipment such as LOAD CELLS, displacement transducer and data acquisition system (DAS)s and measure and store.
4, when the rivet force of continuous 30 points fluctuates in the 0.1kN scope, detect the riveted joint process and finish, stop to the collection of power and displacement signal and storage and according to data processed result demonstration power-time and displacement-time curve on computing module.
Above step adopts existing software, carries out assemble editing and can use, like LABVIEW.
5, respectively with regard to (a) no gap, (b) 1mm gap, (c) the three kinds of situation in 2mm gap are carried out self-piercing riveting to above-mentioned experiment material by technological parameter respectively.Plate gap 1mm is set to threshold values, at first obtains power-time and displacement-time curve under no gap and the 1mm gap situation.With near these two points of flex point that occur true origin and the starting point is that frontier point makes up a force-time curve starting point tolerance range.Be standard state with no gap situation afterwards; Carry out repeated experiments 20 times; And after guaranteeing that all joints are qualified joint, obtain force-time curve respectively and pierce through top plate flex point window, displacement-time curve starting point tolerance range and displacement-time curve end point tolerance range.
6, to obtain curve as shown in Figure 4 in riveted joint, to its concrete grammar that carries out quality testing and defect type classification is:
(1), makes flex point to occur on the force-time curve owing to there is the gap.When the gap was 2mm, its flex point was in tolerance range 1 right side of force-time curve, out-of-size band scope;
(2) driving stem effect rivet overcomes the plate gap needs the extra time; Be that rivet needs the longer time just can pierce through top plate; When therefore the gap was 2mm, it pierced through the top plate flex point on the right side that force-time curve pierces through top plate flex point window, exceeds the scope of window 2;
(3) along with the gap changes, drift begins to contact the also variation thereupon of time of rivet head, and promptly the gap is big more, and drift contacts rivet head more early, and the displacement curve starting point is also corresponding to move down, and exceeds displacement-time curve starting point tolerance range 3;
(4) under the situation that other technological parameter remains unchanged, displacement-time end point basically identical is all in displacement-time curve end point margin tolerance 4.
According to above testing result, detecting 2mm plate gap joint is defective joint, and defect type is that the plate gap is greater than permissible range.
Claims (8)
1. self-piercing riveting quality online test method; Concrete grammar is based on a kind of self-piercing riveting quality on-line detection system; This system comprises: LOAD CELLS, displacement transducer, LOAD CELLS amplifier, displacement transducer amplifier, data collecting card and computing module; It is characterized in that: the input end of LOAD CELLS links to each other with the rivet driving stem and the LOAD CELLS amplifier input terminal of self-piercing riveting equipment respectively with output terminal; The input end of displacement transducer links to each other with the rivet driving stem and the displacement transducer amplifier input terminal of self-piercing riveting equipment respectively with output terminal; LOAD CELLS amplifier and the output terminal of displacement transducer amplifier link to each other with data collecting card and the time-domain signal of power output and displacement; Data collecting card links to each other with computing module and exports the digital sensing signal, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
The first step, the sampling rate that system is set are 1kHz; The rivet force signal is carried out cycle criterion; When the rivet force of continuous 10 points during greater than 0.1kN; Start LOAD CELLS, displacement transducer and begin force signal and the collection of displacement signal, when the rivet force of continuous 30 points fluctuates, finish power and displacement signal collection in the 0.1kN scope when front connector;
Second step, employing arithmetic mean filter method or middle position value filtering method calculate force-time curve and displacement-time curve according to the time-domain signal of detected power and displacement;
The 3rd the step, confirm characteristic window and feature tolerances band through computing module force-time curve that reperformance test obtains to several times and displacement-time curve;
The 4th goes on foot, utilizes characteristic window and feature tolerances band to the riveted joint situation realization detection in real time of self-piercing riveting joint, specifically detects rivet length, hardness, plate gap, top plate intensity and lower plywood intensity.
2. detection method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described characteristic window and feature tolerances band are meant: pierce through top plate flex point window, force-time curve starting point tolerance range, displacement-time curve starting point tolerance range and end point tolerance range.
3. detection method according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; The described top plate flex point window that pierces through obtains in the following manner: two frontier points are done respectively perpendicular to two straight lines of abscissa axis; To, the i.e. tolerance range of time shaft, described two frontier points are respectively power-time starting point and the flex point that when the plate gap is threshold value, occurs on the force-time curve by the constructed X of these two straight lines.
4. detection method according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; Described displacement-time curve starting point tolerance range obtains in the following manner: through the several times reperformance tests, and after test obtains all joints and is qualified joint, the determined Y of minimum and maximum value shift value that rivets the process starting point after filtering in the data that displacement-time signal obtains to; Be the tolerance range of mechanical axis, said qualified joint is meant that the plate gap is less than setting threshold.
5. detection method according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; Described displacement-time curve end point tolerance range obtains in the following manner: through the several times reperformance test; And after test obtains all joints and is qualified joint, the tolerance range that minimum and maximum value defined in the data that obtain after filtering by displacement transducer when detecting the riveted joint process and finish, said qualified joint is meant that the plate gap is less than setting threshold.
6. detection method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that described several times reperformance test is meant: repeated acquisition force-time curve and displacement-time curve more than 20 times, and after guaranteeing that all joints are qualified joint; According to the distribution of piercing through the top plate flex point; Get respectively wherein and the longlyest to do two straight lines perpendicular to time shaft with the shortest time value, acquisition X is to, the i.e. tolerance range of time shaft; Get wherein minimum and maximum power value and do two straight lines, obtain Y to, the i.e. tolerance range of mechanical axis perpendicular to mechanical axis, and final by these four windows that straight line surrounded, and said qualified joint is meant that the plate gap is less than setting threshold.
7. according to claim 4 or 5 or 6 described detection methods; It is characterized in that; Described qualified joint is its rivet head of resulting joint and the same level height of top plate under this kind technological parameter; Rivet shank and lower plywood form effective interlocking and there is not crackle in joint, slit, the asymmetric defective that influences strength of joint.
8. detection method according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; Described real-time detection is meant: when the force-time curve of self-piercing riveting joint and all unique points on the displacement-time curve in characteristic window or feature tolerances band, then testing result is not for there being the riveted joint defective, otherwise:
1) when the starting point of displacement-time curve was below the starting point tolerance range, testing result was that rivet length is long; When the starting point of displacement-time curve was above the starting point tolerance range, testing result was that rivet length is too short;
2) when piercing through the top plate flex point, force-time curve even do not exist on the window right side; The end point of simultaneous displacement-time curve is above the end point tolerance range; Testing result is that rivet is too soft; Cause piercing through top plate time lag even can't penetrate top plate, simultaneously because riveting is flat and embed lower plywood and cause manufactured head to protrude fully;
3) pierce through the top plate flex point in window left side when force-time curve; The end point of simultaneous displacement-time curve is above the end point tolerance range; Testing result is that rivet is too hard, causes piercing through the top plate time in advance and make the rivet riveting go into to take an advanced study into manufactured head to be absorbed in lower plywood;
4) near the starting point of force-time curve, flex point occurs, and the position of flex point exceeds force-time curve starting point tolerance range promptly on its right side;
5) pierce through the right side that the top plate flex point appears at the flex point window when force-time curve; The starting point of displacement-time curve is when these three kinds of situation occur simultaneously below displacement-time starting point tolerance range, and testing result is that the plate gap is greater than allowable value;
6) do not pierce through the top plate flex point when force-time curve does not exist, the starting point of simultaneous displacement-time curve is when both of these case occurs simultaneously above displacement-time starting point tolerance range, and testing result is empty riveting;
7) pierce through the top plate flex point above window when force-time curve, testing result is that top plate intensity is too strong, causes piercing through the needed power of top plate and increases;
8) pierce through the top plate flex point in beneath window when force-time curve, testing result be top plate intensity too a little less than, cause piercing through the needed power of top plate and reduce;
9) pierce through the top plate flex point in window when force-time curve; But the end point of displacement-time curve is below the end point tolerance range; Testing result is that top plate intensity is normal, but because lower plywood intensity is too strong, and riveting is flat and embed lower plywood and cause manufactured head to protrude fully to cause rivet;
10) pierce through the top plate flex point in window when force-time curve; But the end point of displacement-time curve is above the end point tolerance range; Testing result is that top plate intensity is normal, but since lower plywood intensity too a little less than, cause the rivet riveting to go into to take an advanced study into manufactured head and be absorbed in lower plywood.
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