CN101995310B - Test device of frictional characteristic of sliding bearing under middle and heavy radial load - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a test device for the friction characteristics of a sliding bearing under medium and heavy radial loads, which comprises a simulated sliding bearing composed of a shaft and a bushing. A radial loading device is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the bushing, and The loading end of the device passes through a rolling bearing, and radially pushes against the outer peripheral surface of the shaft sleeve. The inner peripheral surface of the bushing is a raised toroidal surface for sliding fit. The outer peripheral surface of the shaft of the present invention is provided with two protruding annular surfaces at intervals along the axial direction, and the inner peripheral surface of the shaft sleeve is in contact with the two annular protrusions. The proportional reduction of the size of the relevant parts enables the simulation of the working state of the sliding bearing in reality and the accurate measurement of the internal friction of the sliding bearing under the experimental conditions. At the same time, the two raised ring surfaces are arranged symmetrically with respect to the loading point, so as to ensure that the two contact points are evenly loaded.

Description

Test device for friction characteristics of plain bearings under medium and heavy radial loads

technical field

The invention relates to a measuring device for testing the friction torque of a sliding bearing under the condition of radially applying medium and heavy loads, and belongs to the field of bearing friction torque measurement.

Background technique

In recent years, due to the needs of the development of industry and science and technology, the research on the friction torque of various bearings used in various frontier fields has received more and more attention. Many literatures have reported the methods and results of calculating bearing friction torque through theoretical analysis. However, in order to obtain more practical and accurate data, it is required to measure the friction torque of the bearing under different loads, temperatures, speeds and lubrication conditions, so as to estimate the life and working efficiency of the bearing, judge the defect and operating state of the bearing, and establish high reliability , High efficiency, high precision bearing design basis. However, due to the anti-friction effect of the bearing itself, its internal friction is much smaller than the load it bears, and at the same time it will inevitably be interfered by the radial load during the test, so it is very difficult to test the friction torque of this type of loaded bearing. Therefore, experimental studies so far are mostly limited to rolling bearings subjected to axial loads. However, no accurate friction torque testing device has been found for sliding bearings that mainly bear radial loads. Because the sliding bearing has to bear a huge load under the medium and heavy load conditions, it is difficult to realize the original size under the experimental conditions, which makes it impossible to accurately measure the internal friction of the sliding bearing bearing the radial load. In addition, the radial loading added during the experiment will interfere with the internal friction of the tested sliding bearing. Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the drag test device. The device includes a shaft 1. A shaft sleeve 2 is freely sleeved on the outside of the shaft 1. The shaft 1 and the shaft sleeve 2 form a simulated sliding bearing. The outer peripheral surface of the shaft sleeve 2 is A radial loading device is provided, and the loading end of the radial loading device is radially press-fitted with the outer peripheral surface of the shaft sleeve. The outer peripheral surface of the shaft sleeve 2 is provided with a test block 14, and the sensor 11 presses against the test block. Test the friction from the bushing by pressing the test stop against the sensor. In order to make the loading stable and reliable, the radial loading head 15 of the loading device often directly contacts the shaft sleeve 2 to add radial loads on the shaft sleeve 2, and the sliding contact between the loading device and the shaft sleeve will hinder the rotation tendency of the shaft sleeve 2. Therefore, the interference sensor 11 can accurately measure the friction force by testing the force received by the test block, resulting in inaccurate friction test.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test device for the friction characteristics of sliding bearings under medium and heavy radial loads, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that the sliding bearings bear a huge load under medium and heavy loads. The problem that the internal friction of the sliding bearing bearing the radial load cannot be accurately measured due to the fact that the original size test is not easy under the same conditions.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a test device for the friction characteristics of sliding bearings under medium and heavy radial loads, including a simulated sliding bearing composed of a shaft and a sleeve sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft. For bearings, a radial loading device is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft sleeve. The loading end of the radial loading device is radially pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the shaft sleeve. The loading point of the loading end and the outer peripheral surface of the shaft sleeve are two Two protruding toroidal surfaces with the same structure are symmetrically arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft on the side, and the inner peripheral surface of the shaft sleeve is slidably matched with the two protruding toroidal surfaces.

The loading end of the radial loading device applies a radial load to the shaft sleeve through a loading rolling bearing, the outer ring of the loading rolling bearing is in rolling and pressing fit with the shaft sleeve, and the axis of the loading rolling bearing is arranged parallel to the axis of the shaft.

The shaft sleeve is rolled and pressed with the outer ring of the loaded rolling bearing through a support sleeve. The support sleeve is axially positioned and the radial anti-rotation sleeve is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft sleeve. Match the inner surface.

The radial loading device is a lever mechanism, the output end of the lever mechanism constitutes the loading end, the loading rolling bearing is arranged at the output end of the lever mechanism, and a weight loading mechanism is suspended at the input end of the lever mechanism.

The lever mechanism is a 1+2N level series lever mechanism, where N is an integer.

The lever mechanism is a three-stage series lever mechanism.

An axial hole for installing a heating rod and a temperature measuring device is arranged between the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the support sleeve.

The axial holes are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the support sleeve.

The support sleeve is provided with a grease injection hole radially extending from the outer peripheral surface to the inner peripheral surface to inject grease into the shaft sleeve. The grease injection hole is located between the two raised annular surfaces, and the corresponding position of the shaft sleeve is provided with The channel connecting the grease injection hole with the inner hole of the shaft sleeve.

There are two grease injection holes arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the support sleeve.

The outer peripheral surface of the shaft of the present invention is provided with two protruding annular surfaces at intervals along the axial direction, and the inner peripheral surface of the shaft sleeve is in contact with the two annular protrusions. The proportional reduction of the size of the relevant parts enables the simulation of the working state of the sliding bearing in reality, and the accurate measurement of the internal friction of the sliding bearing under the experimental conditions. At the same time, the two raised ring surfaces are arranged symmetrically with respect to the loading point, so as to ensure that the two points of contact between the sleeve and the shaft are evenly loaded.

The radial loading device of the present invention adds a radial load to the shaft sleeve by loading the rolling bearing, and the load is transmitted to the shaft sleeve by the rolling bearing. Since the friction coefficient of the rolling bearing is one to two orders of magnitude smaller than that of the sliding bearing, it is generated by it. The frictional resistance is negligible, so the resistance of the loaded rolling bearing to the rotation of the sleeve is negligible, so it can solve the problem of interference in the measurement of the bearing friction torque during radial loading, so that the sliding can be accurately measured internal friction of the bearing.

The outer sleeve of the shaft sleeve of the present invention is provided with a support sleeve, and the radial loading device adds load to the shaft sleeve through the support sleeve, and the support sleeve strengthens the rigidity of the shaft sleeve.

The radial loading device of the present invention is a three-stage lever series-connected lever mechanism, and the shaft sleeve is loaded through the three-stage lever-connected loading system, which can realize the effect of producing a large load with a limited loading mass. The loading impact is small, the structure is simple, and the load is stable.

An axial hole for installing a heating rod and a temperature measuring device is arranged between the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the support sleeve of the present invention, and the heating rod is arranged in the axial hole to heat the sliding bearing, simulating the real sliding bearing under heavy load High temperature working environment, more accurately test the actual friction torque of sliding bearings.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of drag force testing device in the prior art;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a lever mechanism providing pressing force for the loaded rolling bearing in Fig. 2 .

Detailed ways

An embodiment of a test device for the friction characteristics of a sliding bearing under medium and heavy radial loads. In FIGS. The shaft 1 and the shaft sleeve 2 form a simulated sliding bearing. There are two raised annular surfaces 13 with the same structure on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft 1. The two raised annular surfaces 13 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the shaft 1. The shaft sleeve 2 The inner peripheral surface of the inner peripheral surface is slidingly fitted with two protruding toroidal surfaces 13, and the two protruding toroidal surfaces 13 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the loading point where the radial loading device loads the shaft sleeve 2, that is to say, the radial loading device is the shaft sleeve 2 The loading point of loading is equal to the distance from the two convex toroidal surfaces 13 . the

As an improvement of the above technical solution, the loading end of the radial loading device adds a radial load to the shaft sleeve 2 by loading the rolling bearing 5, the outer ring of the loading rolling bearing 5 and the shaft sleeve 2 are rolled and pressed tightly, and the axis of the loading rolling bearing 5 and the shaft 1 is parallel to the axis.

As an improvement of the above technical solution, the radial loading device is a multi-stage series lever mechanism, and the loading rolling bearing 5 is arranged at the output end of the lever mechanism. The lever mechanism is a three-stage series lever mechanism, including three levers 9, the loaded rolling bearing 5 is arranged at one end of the third-stage lever, and the other end of the lever is connected with one end of the second-stage lever through a connecting rod 10, and the second-stage lever The other end of the first stage lever is connected with one end of the first stage lever through a connecting rod, and the other end of the first stage lever is hung with a weight loading structure 7. All are provided with fulcrum 8 on three levers. Each lever and the connecting rod are connected by hinge rotation, and the weight loading structure 7 and the lever are also connected by rotation, so as to ensure that the weight can be added without falling off. Here, the position of the fulcrum 8 on the lever can be adjusted so that the force at the output end of the lever mechanism is much greater than the gravity of the weight. According to specific conditions, those skilled in the art can make specific transformations as required.

As an improvement of the above-mentioned technical solution, the loaded rolling bearing 5 adds a radial load to the sleeve through the support sleeve 3, and the support sleeve 3 is set on the outside of the sleeve 2, and the peripheral surface of the inner hole is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 2 in the axial direction. Limiting and radial anti-rotation fit, the outer ring of the loaded rolling bearing 5 and the outer peripheral surface of the supporting sleeve 3 are rolled and pressed, and the outer ring of the loaded rolling bearing 5 is pressed on the outer peripheral surface of the supporting sleeve 3, and the supporting sleeve 3 is used as a shaft sleeve 2 Provide radial load, the outer ring of the loaded rolling bearing 5 can roll with the support sleeve 3, reducing the frictional force of the outer ring of the loaded rolling bearing 5 on the support sleeve 3. The distance between the point where the outer ring of the loaded rolling bearing 5 is press-fitted with the supporting sleeve is equal to the two raised annular surfaces 13 . Here, there is a transition fit between the support sleeve and the shaft sleeve. The support sleeve 3 can realize axial limit and radial stop by the screw and the shaft sleeve screwed on the sleeve wall of the support sleeve through radial threads. The inner end surface of the screw It is pressed tightly on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft sleeve, so that the support sleeve 3 will not rotate relative to the shaft sleeve, and an upper end cover can also be pressed on the end faces of the support sleeve and the shaft sleeve, and the support sleeve and the shaft sleeve can be realized through the end cover. between positioning. The above two positioning methods allow the support sleeve to be easily removed from the shaft sleeve, which facilitates the removal and replacement of the damaged shaft sleeve during the experiment.

As an improvement of the above scheme, an axially extending axial hole 6 is provided between the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the support sleeve 3, and the axial holes 6 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the support sleeve 3, and the axial holes 6 are used to install heating rods And the temperature measuring device, the heating rod can heat the shaft sleeve to simulate the actual working state of the sliding bearing, because in actual work, under the action of a large load, the sliding bearing tends to heat up, and the bearing works in a high temperature environment.

As an improvement of the above scheme, the support sleeve 3 is provided with a grease injection hole 4, the grease injection hole 4 extends radially from the outer peripheral surface of the support sleeve 3 to the inner peripheral surface of the support sleeve 3, and the corresponding position of the shaft sleeve 2 is provided with The hole 12 communicates the grease injection hole 4 with the inner hole of the shaft sleeve 2 . There are two grease injection holes arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the support sleeve 3 . Both grease injection holes are arranged between the two raised annular surfaces. The loaded rolling bearings in this embodiment can be different series of radial ball bearings, roller bearings, and needle bearings.

In this embodiment, a support sleeve is provided, or there may be no support sleeve, and the outer ring of the loaded rolling bearing can directly contact and cooperate with the outer peripheral surface of the shaft sleeve 2 and apply a radial force thereto.

The loaded rolling bearing in this embodiment applies a radial force to the shaft sleeve through a lever mechanism, and a device that can provide vertical force, such as hydraulic pressure or electromagnetic, can also be used to apply a vertical force to the loaded rolling bearing.

The tested sliding bearing in this embodiment is grease lubricated, but oil lubrication and solid lubrication can also be used. During the experiment, the sliding bearing may not be lubricated, and the internal friction of the sliding bearing is tested under the condition of no lubrication.

The lever mechanism in this embodiment is a three-stage series lever mechanism, and it can also be other 1+2N stage series lever mechanisms, where N is an integer. The more stages of the lever mechanism, the greater the amplification effect. A certain number of weights The greater the loading force obtained.

In this embodiment, the test block is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the support sleeve. The test block, the sensor, and the related testing, transmission, and processing methods are the same as those in the prior art, and will not be described in detail here.

Claims (10)

1. One kind in, the proving installation of sliding bearing rubbing characteristics under the heavy radial load; Comprise the simulation sliding bearing of forming by axle and the axle sleeve on the outer peripheral face that is set in axle; The outer peripheral face of axle sleeve is provided with the radial loaded device; The loading end of radial loaded device and the outer peripheral face of axle sleeve radially roof pressure cooperate; It is characterized in that: be symmetrically arranged with two protruding circular ring faces that structure is identical on the outer peripheral face of the axle of the load(ing) point both sides of said loading end and the outer peripheral face roof pressure of axle sleeve, the inner peripheral surface of axle sleeve and two protruding circular ring faces are slidingly matched.
2. 2. according to claim 1 in, the proving installation of sliding bearing rubbing characteristics under the heavy radial load; It is characterized in that: the loading end of said radial loaded device loads rolling bearing through one and adds radial load to axle sleeve; The outer ring of said loading rolling bearing and axle sleeve rolling compression fit load the axis of rolling bearing and said parallel axes setting.
3. 3. according to claim 2 in, the proving installation of sliding bearing rubbing characteristics under the heavy radial load; It is characterized in that: said axle sleeve is through the outer ring rolling compression fit of a support set and said loading rolling bearing; The support set axial location, radially spline is set on the outer peripheral face of axle sleeve, and the outer peripheral face of axle sleeve cooperates with the inner peripheral surface of support set.
4. 4. according to claim 3 in, the proving installation of sliding bearing rubbing characteristics under the heavy radial load; It is characterized in that: said radial loaded device is a leverage; The output terminal of leverage constitutes loading end; Said loading rolling bearing is arranged on the output terminal of leverage, and the input end of leverage hangs and is provided with the counterweight load maintainer.
5. 5. according to claim 4 in, the proving installation of heavy radial load sliding bearing rubbing characteristics down, it is characterized in that: said leverage is the 1+2N level leverage of connecting, and N is an integer.
6. 6. according to claim 5 in, the proving installation of heavy radial load sliding bearing rubbing characteristics down, it is characterized in that: described leverage is three grades of leverages of connecting.
7. 7. according to claim 6 in, the proving installation of sliding bearing rubbing characteristics under the heavy radial load, it is characterized in that: be provided with the axial hole that is used to be provided with heating rod and temperature measuring equipment between the inside and outside side face of described support set.
8. 8. according to claim 7 in, the proving installation of heavy radial load sliding bearing rubbing characteristics down, it is characterized in that: said axial hole is along the circumferentially evenly laying of support set.
9. 9. according to claim 8 in, the proving installation of sliding bearing rubbing characteristics under the heavy radial load; It is characterized in that: described support set is provided with the greasing hole that is radially extended to the greasing in axle sleeve of inner peripheral surface by outer peripheral face; The greasing hole is between two protruding circular ring faces, and the correspondence position of axle sleeve is provided with the duct that is communicated with said greasing hole and axle sleeve endoporus.
10. 10. according to claim 9 in, the proving installation of heavy radial load sliding bearing rubbing characteristics down, it is characterized in that: said greasing hole is two, along the axially spaced-apart laying of support set.

Images