CN101994784A

CN101994784A - Speed changer

Info

Publication number: CN101994784A
Application number: CN2009100636073A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘卫平
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2009-08-13
Filing date: 2009-08-13
Publication date: 2011-03-30
Also published as: WO2011017906A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a gear type step speed changer, which is characterized in that a group of gears with inner teeth loosely sheathed on an input shaft are correspondingly engaged with a group of gears fixed on an output shaft; a part of the teeth on the front end of sliding teeth are clamped in the longitudinal slot of the input shaft; a shift fork is clamped in the annular slot of the sliding teeth; and the teeth are clamped in the annular gap between the two adjacent inner teeth and the shift fork is operated to push and pull the sliding teeth to move forwards and backwards when in the neutral position so that the teeth are respectively engaged with the inner teeth to finish the requirement of the speed changing. The speed changer can manually and automatically change the speed.

Description

Speed changer

Affiliated technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of gear type step change transmission of level.

Background technique

At present, in the kind of drive of known gear type step change transmission, two shaft types and triple axle are arranged.Two shaft types are meant that speed changer has only input shaft and output shaft, and some gear pairs different to the number of teeth are set on two axles, when it any advances gear engaged, all have only a pair of gear pair (reverse gear is two pairs of gear pairs) work.Triple axle is meant except that input shaft and output shaft to also have jack shaft.Input shaft is connected by continuously-meshing gear with jack shaft, on output shaft and jack shaft, some gear pairs different to the number of teeth are set, sliding gear on the control output shaft spline allows wherein a pair of gear mesh respectively, just can obtain several by two pairs of gear-driven ratio numbers.

Audi's 100 type cars of China's one vapour adopt two shaft type five speed transmissions, and it vertically is installed on the flywheel casing, and speed changer directly links to each other with retarder.The input shaft front end is bearing in the hole at flywheel center with ball bearing, its stage casing and rear end respectively by needle roller bearing support on the front and rear wall of transmission case, one or two three-range transmissions are arranged on the input shaft between two needle bearings backward successively in the past, three, the fourth gear synchronizer, four or five reverse gears; Wherein one or two reverse gear direct geareds process on input shaft, and three fourth gears are enclosed within on the input shaft with the needle bearing pine respectively, and five grades of gears are pressed on the spline of input shaft, and three, the tooth hub sleeve of fourth gear synchronizer is on the spline of input shaft.Before and after the output shaft respectively by roller bearing on the front and rear wall of housing, the dihedral gear of output shaft front end and the ring gear of retarder often mesh, gear or synchronizer that output shaft is arranged in order in the past backward are one grade, one, second gear synchronizer, 2345 grades, five, the reverse gear synchronizer, reverse gear, wherein one two five reverse gears are enclosed within on the output shaft by the needle bearing pine respectively, and the axial locking ring that bears axial force is housed respectively.The tooth hub of two synchronizers links to each other with output shaft with spline respectively, and makes axially locating with axial ring washer.5 forward gears gears of this and 5 forward gears gear mesh of input shaft should often mesh, and reverse gear shaft is bearing on the housing, on the axle gear of pine cover respectively with input shaft and output shaft on reverse gear often mesh.Pine is enclosed within on two axles and 36 gears that synchronizer is adjacent, its one side facing to synchronizer is shaped on ring gear and male cone (strobilus masculinus), all there is shift fork to be stuck in wherein in the clutch collar annular groove of 3 lock ring type inertia synchronizers, makes one of them shift fork drive clutch collar by Effector and move the speed change work of finishing.When speed changer was in neutral gear, 3 synchronizers were simultaneously in the neutral position, and power is not passed to output shaft.When putting in the first speed, by a shift fork make one, the ring gear of the reach of the clutch collar of second gear synchronizer and coaxial one grade of gear rear end meshes; Power spreads out of by the ring gear one of one grade of gear rear end of one grade of gear output shaft of input shaft, the clutch collar of second gear synchronizer and tooth hub, the dihedral gear of the normal engagement of clutch collar.Hang 2345 grades in like manner.When hanging reverse gear, handle five, move behind the reverse speed fork, make five, the reverse gear synchronizer clutch collar and the ring gear engagement of coaxial reverse gear front end; Power spreads out of by reverse gear, the reverse gear of reverse gear shaft, the ring gear, five of output shaft reverse gear front end, reverse gear synchronizer, the output shaft of input shaft.

The liberation CA10B type automobile of China's one vapour is the triple axle five speed transmission.Speed changer is fixed by bolts on the flywheel upper casing, and speed changer mainly is made up of variable transmission mechanism and operating mechanism, and the former is contained in the case of transmission, in the lid of latter's top loading.Variable transmission mechanism is made up of first, second jack shaft and reverse gear shaft.First with often nibble driving gear and one can be made with the ring gear that clutch collar engages in this gear rear end, first front end is bearing in the seat hole at flywheel center with ball journal, the rear end is bearing in the antetheca of speed changer with ball bearing; First leading portion has a spline and a clutch plate fit, and the endoporus of rear end ring gear has second shaft head of needle roller bearing support.Second shaft rear end is bearing in the seat hole of speed changer rear wall with ball bearing, and the second shaft rear end extension is used nut check with spline and flange disk fit, and flange disk is used for installing hand brake disc and universal-joint fork.Second from after be arranged in order forward one, reverse gear and two, two gears of third gear be enclosed within on the axle with the spline pine, two gears are inserted with shift fork in the circular groove of front end separately; Two, the three-range transmission front end is shaped on internal tooth, so as with the outer indented joint of third gear continuously-meshing gear rear end, front, the formed endoporus of this gear internal tooth crown is greater than the endoporus of internal tooth back.The third gear of front and five grades of continuously-meshing gear pines are enclosed within on the axle, often mesh with respective gears on the jack shaft; The splined section of second leading portion is with four, five grades of tooth hubs, and uses nut check.Four, being with on five grades of tooth hubs can axially movable clutch collar, it can with the external toothing fit of the five grades of gear front ends in back, also can with the external toothing fit of first shaft rear end, be inserted with a shift fork in the outer annular groove of clutch collar.Jack shaft is below second, and its two ends are bearing on the front and rear wall of transmission case with bearing.On the jack shaft from after one grade of intermediate gear and the reverse gear continuously-meshing gear arranged forward make one with axle, five grades of continuously-meshing gear power take-off gears of third gear (standby) and often nibble driven gear and be packed on the axle with woodruff key respectively.The driving gear of often nibbling of often nibbling driven gear and first of jack shaft often meshes.Reverse gear shaft is contained in a side of housing, is fixed on the housing with lock pin, and reverse gear often nibbles intermediate gear and reverse idler gear is made one, with two needle roller bearing supports on reverse gear shaft.The reverse gear continuously-meshing gear that reverse gear is often nibbled on intermediate gear and the jack shaft often meshes.The intermediate gear of jack shaft snaps in the space between two gears of reverse gear shaft.The gear of making one with axle on the jack shaft is a straight-tooth, and the gear that is packed on the jack shaft with key is a helical teeth.Selector gear mainly is made up of gear change shift fork and declutch shift shaft.The ball-joint at speed change lever middle part, by the volute spring that is stuck in the lid it upwards is pressed in the ball seat of gear shift cover, vertically insert on the middle declutch shift shaft lower end of speed change lever, declutch shift shaft can the pilot hole in gear shift cover in slippage, the lower ending opening fork of three shift forks inserts respectively in second circular groove of going up respective gears or clutch collar.When neutral position, alignment in the groove of three shift fork upper ends.When laterally pulling speed change lever, the lower end of bar will enter in the groove of a certain shift fork, vertically pull speed change lever again, will promote declutch shift shaft, second last corresponding gear of shift fork drive or joint and hitch into corresponding gear.In order to guarantee the reliability of operating mechanism, also be provided with location and interlock.Positioning device is exactly to be shaped on three grooves above every declutch shift shaft leading portion, and spring and lock ball are housed in the gear shift cover vertical core.Lock ball is stuck under the pressure of spring in the groove of declutch shift shaft, fixing declutch shift shaft, and the distance on the declutch shift shaft between each groove can guarantee that just pitch wheel is with the full-depth tooth engagement or separate.Interlock be exactly in the middle of the groove at declutch shift shaft cross-drilled hole two ends align with two grooves of adjacent two declutch shift shafts and communicate, an interlocking latch in the cross-drilled hole is slightly longer than cross-drilled hole, a lock ball is respectively arranged in four grooves, two pairs of lock balls snap in respectively in two cross-drilled holes of gear shift cover, four grooves are neutral gear when same straight line, move wherein declutch shift shaft this moment, two pairs of lock balls will snap in respectively in the groove of other two declutch shift shafts, and they can not be moved.During neutral gear, pull speed change lever to the right, the lower end of bar snaps in one, in the groove of reverse speed fork upper end; Pull speed change lever more forward, shift fork drive one, reverse gear slippage backward are with one grade of gear engagement of jack shaft.Power is imported into by first the driving gear of often nibbling of often nibbling driving gear, jack shaft.By one grade of gear of jack shaft, second one, reverse gear and second spread out of.When pulling speed change lever backward and getting back to neutral gear, second one, reverse gear separates fully with one grade of gear of jack shaft.Pull speed change lever backward to reverse gear position, second one, the reverse idler gear full-depth tooth engagement on reverse gear reach and the reverse gear shaft.Power via first, jack shaft, reverse gear often nibble intermediate gear, second one, reverse gear, second spread out of.Pull speed change lever forward to neutral position, pull speed change lever more left to the limit, the speed change lever lower end snaps in two, in the groove of third gear shift fork, pull speed change lever more forward, shift fork drives two, three-range transmission backward the intermediate gear of slippage and jack shaft mesh.Pull speed change lever backward to the third gear position, two, three-range transmission slippage forward, the internal tooth of its front end meshes with the external tooth of coaxial third gear continuously-meshing gear rear end.Power via jack shaft third gear continuously-meshing gear, second third gear continuously-meshing gear, second two, three-range transmission and second spread out of.Pull earlier speed change lever forwards, backwards to the right and get back to middle neutral position, pull speed change lever more backward to the fourth gear position, shift fork drives the clutch collar reach, with the ring gear engagement of first shaft rear end.Power spreads out of via first ring gear, clutch collar, four, five grades of tooth hubs and second.Pull speed change lever forward and put to five gears, shift fork drives the ring gear that moves behind the clutch collar with first to be separated, again with the external toothing fit of second five grades of continuously-meshing gear front end.Power is often nibbled wheel, second five grades via five grades of first, jack shaft, jack shaft and is often nibbled wheel, clutch collar, four, five grades of tooth hubs and second and spread out of.

More than the deficiency of two speed changer be that they all need the clutch collar of three shift forks and control separately or gear to participate in finishing speed change, cause the speed change difficulty mixed and disorderly, easily accidental shifting.

Summary of the invention

Many in order to overcome existing gearshift fork, the deficiency of the mixed and disorderly and easy accidental shifting of speed change difficulty, no matter the invention provides a kind of what gears, all need slip teeth of a shift fork manipulation, good and fastly finish all speed changes again exactly.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: the gear type step change transmission is made up of variable transmission mechanism and operating mechanism, input shaft and output shaft are inserted in the hole of transmission case, input shaft is connected with power plant, pine is with the forward gears gear that differs in size on the input shaft, gear on output shaft and the axle fuses, corresponding gear engagement on forward gears gear and the output shaft on the input shaft, output shaft is connected with output unit, pine is enclosed between internal tooth that input shaft cogs and the adjacent internal tooth circular groove, tooth in the input shaft cannelure protrudes in groove, and tooth is connected with shift fork by connecting rod.Tooth is a neutral gear when being in the circular groove, when shift fork push-and-pull slip teeth moves forward and backward, after the tooth of slip teeth front end and the engagement of the internal tooth of gear, power is by input shaft, tooth, internal tooth and tooth meshed gears, after output shaft output reaches the purpose that only needs slip teeth of a shift fork manipulation to finish whole speed changes.

Sliding sleeve in the circular groove between the adjacent internal tooth, pine is enclosed within the flange place of input shaft, and the sliding sleeve endoporus is shaped on the cannelure quantity of input shaft and equates the inside groove that opening communicates.The root of inside groove is made arc, and the crown of tooth is an arc, the outside perk of the leading portion of tooth and connecting rod.The opening fork of shift fork is gone in the circular groove of slip teeth.Gear on the reverse gear shaft and pine are enclosed within the reverse gear engagement of input shaft, simultaneously also with 1 grade of gear engagement of output shaft.Operating handle and shift fork are made one, and the opening fork of shift fork is gone in the circular groove of slip teeth.Ram and gear shift cover fuse, the push rod of piston rear end is fixedlyed connected with the sleeve pipe of shift fork upper end, the opening fork of shift fork is in the circular groove of slip teeth, operating handle is enclosed within on the sleeve pipe, spring and guiding valve are arranged in the push rod endoporus, the electromagnetic coil body fuses in guiding valve and the sleeve pipe, this body has spring in endoporus, the back electromagnetism coil of wire is fixed on the rear end of sleeve pipe, the lead of two electromagnetic coils is connected with computer, the circular groove rear of push rod endoporus is shaped on 3 curve baths, be communicated with the front chamber of ram and the front arc groove of push rod upper end respectively before and after the oil duct on the push rod, be communicated with ram rear chamber outer curve bath respectively before and after the oil duct under the push rod with the push rod lower end, the rear arc groove of oil inlet pipe and push rod upper end is communicated with, circular groove the place ahead of guiding valve respectively has a translot up and down, and last translot is communicated with the front arc groove of push rod upper end, and following translot is communicated with return tube.Ram and bonnet are made the rear end that one is fixed on transmission case, the opening fork of push rod front end is gone in the circular groove of slip teeth, sleeve pipe is fixed on the push rod, preceding electromagnetic coil body and guiding valve in the sleeve pipe fuse, the body of back electromagnetic coil is fixed on the sleeve pipe, spring and guiding valve are arranged in the push rod endoporus, spring in the back electromagnetic coil body endoporus pushes up the operating handle that inserts in the sleeve pipe backward, vertical core the place ahead of guiding valve is shaped on translot up and down, following translot is communicated with return tube, the last oil duct and the front chamber of push rod, the front arc groove of push rod upper end, last translot is communicated with, the following oil duct of push rod is communicated with the curve bath of rear chamber and push rod lower end, the rear arc groove of push rod upper end is communicated with oil inlet pipe, in the push rod endoporus circular groove is arranged, the connecting rod of making one with operating handle rides on the convex tendon of ram, the hole corresponding with each gear arranged on the convex tendon, connecting rod has push-button switch on the hole on one side, in the hole of connecting rod another side spool is arranged, the spring of spool back is fixed in the endoporus of solenoid valve body, the body of solenoid valve is fixed on the connecting rod, in the operating handle handle push-button switch is arranged, the electromagnetic coil of this operating mechanism is connected with computer with the lead of push-button switch.Conduit and bonnet are made the rear end that one is fixed on transmission case, the conduit lower end is shaped on the hole corresponding with each gear, the bead that pine is enclosed within supravasal two electromagnetic coil body endoporus snaps in the cannelure of conduit upper end, the opening fork of shift fork is gone in the circular groove of slip teeth, shifting fork bar and preceding electromagnetic coil body fuse, the opening fork of back electromagnetic coil body bead rides on the shifting fork bar, the spool of solenoid valve (35) snaps in the electromagnetic coil body of back, operating handle and preceding electromagnetic coil body fuse, and the lead of 3 coils of this operating mechanism is connected with computer.Be fixed on tooth bar on the sleeve pipe and snap in the chute on the ram, the chute push-button switch in the circular hole on one side is connected with computer.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows after reducing by 2 cover shifting fork devices, with once the good and fast 5 fast 7 fast iso-variable velocity devices of conversion accurately again of cover shifting fork device energy.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is embodiment 1 a schematic representation.Fig. 2 is the schematic representation of the 2nd embodiment's actuating element.Fig. 3 is the schematic representation of the actuating element that can select of two embodiments.

Embodiment

The 1st embodiment is as shown in Figure 1: transmission case (6) is fixed by bolts on the shell of power plant, and the leading portion of input shaft (8) and the turbine of torque converter fuse, and input shaft stage casing and back segment are bearing in the seat hole of transmission case front and rear wall with bearing (7).Be with 5,4,3,2 between two bearings of input shaft backward successively in the past, fall, 1 totally 6 real shelves gears, the internal tooth of 6 gears is a straight-tooth.Sliding sleeve in the circular groove between each internal tooth and the adjacent internal tooth, pine is enclosed within the flange (4) of input shaft and locates, and sliding sleeve changes together with axle.Each sliding sleeve (2) has 3 equidistant inside grooves to communicate with the register of 3 vertical straight troughs of input shaft posterior segment, slip teeth all has a tooth (3) that protrudes in groove in every groove, the connecting rod of 3 trailing flanks is shaped on a circular groove after the input shaft back fuses.The crown of 3 teeth is an arc, and the connecting rod of trailing flank is made outside perk shape, and the groove root middle part of 3 inside grooves of sliding sleeve is an arc.In 5 grades of gears (1) on the input shaft and the circular groove between the sliding sleeve needle roller is housed, the arc-shaped partition that useful engineering plastics are made between the adjacent needle roller, the steel ball of useful iron hoop location between 3 grades, the 4 grades gears of input shaft.Output shaft (9) is bearing in the seat hole of transmission case front and rear wall with ball bearing, on the output shaft on 5 gears that differ in size and the input shaft 5 forward gears gear mesh should often mesh, wherein 5 grades of gears and output shaft are made one, and a body and function spline made by other gear and pin (5) is fixed on the axle.The dihedral gear of output shaft front end and the ring gear of retarder often mesh, and nut check is used with spline and universal-joint fork fit in the output shaft rear end.Reverse gear shaft is contained in housing one side, is fixed in the seat hole of front and rear wall, and the spool gear of pine cover often meshes with the reverse gear of input shaft on the reverse gear shaft, the while also with output shaft on 1 grade of gear often mesh.Bonnet is fixed by bolts to the housing rear end, and the opening of bonnet (10) prolongation top is fixed with dust-proof cover, and the dust-proof cover upper end is enclosed within on the sleeve pipe (15).Gear shift cover and ram (11) are made one and are fixed by bolts to housing top, the push rod of piston rear end (12) and the sleeve pipe bolt by two hollows together, shift fork and sleeve pipe are made one, the opening fork of shift fork lower end is gone in the circular groove of slip teeth.Spring and guiding valve are arranged in the push rod endoporus, preceding electromagnetic coil body (20) in guiding valve and the sleeve pipe is integrally welded, the downward flange in this body rear end snaps in the groove of cover pipe orifice, with nut operating handle (16) and the back electromagnetic coil body (21) that pine is enclosed within on the sleeve pipe is fixed on the sleeve pipe, operating handle can rotate, and the lead of former and later two electromagnetic coils is connected with computer.In the endoporus of electromagnetic coil body, sleeve pipe inside groove to shift fork opening fork place was shaped on vent before a spring snapped in.The circular groove of push rod endoporus (17) rear is shaped on the curve bath of 3 off-centre, the curve bath of push rod upper end is communicated with the front chamber of ram by last oil duct, the rear arc groove of push rod upper end is communicated with electric oil pump by the oil-feed nut (14) of hollow, and oil duct was communicated with the rear chamber of ram under the curve bath of push rod lower end passed through.The guiding valve central longitudinal is to being shaped on a perforation, and circular groove the place ahead of guiding valve respectively is shaped on a transverse groove up and down, wherein goes up translot (18) and is communicated with last oil duct, and following translot (19) is communicated with oil storage tank by the oil return nut of sleeve pipe side-lower hollow.One toothed rack (13) is fixed on the oil-feed nut, and the tooth bar front end is stuck in the chute of ram upper end, and the chute interior steel ball of circular hole on one side is connected with a spill rubber button.Two upper contacts on the insulation board of button opposite are connected with computer.Operating handle inserts in the waveform groove of console, and the crest on right side is a neutral gear, and the trough in left side is 5,4,3,2, fall, 1 grade.

As shown in Figure 1: be neutral gear when tooth is stuck in the sliding sleeve inside groove.Promote the trough that operating handle enters the left side this moment forward, shift fork promotes slip teeth and moves ahead, the crown of 3 teeth promotes 5 grades of gears that the sliding sleeve reach compresses the place ahead, the rotating speed of sliding sleeve and this gear is moved closer to, the curve bath of sliding sleeve forces rod deformation, the internal tooth of 5 grades of gears is inserted in the reach of contracting in gradually of 3 teeth, stops to promote operating handle.Power is through input shaft, 3 teeth, 5 grades of gear pairs, output shafts, spread out of by dihedral gear and universal joint at last, and other gear of conversion in like manner.When the internal tooth of tooth and reverse gear shaft meshes is reverse gear, and power spreads out of through input shaft, 3 teeth, reverse gear, the spool gear of reverse gear shaft, 1 grade of gear, output shafts of output shaft.This speed changer can also automatic speed changing, when computer according to default program or receive the manipulator by button provide forward backward during the signal of shift neutral gear, the lead that passes through that computer can be in good time is given two electromagnetic coils and electric oil pump energising.When computer attracted each other two electromagnetic coils, preceding electromagnetic coil moved the compressing rear spring after together with guiding valve.The pressure oil of electric oil pump is through the last oil duct of the front arc groove on last translot (18) push rod of the rear arc groove of oil-feed nut (14), push rod upper end, guiding valve, push rod, enter the front chamber of ram at last.Simultaneously the pressure oil of ram rear chamber is through the following translot (19) of the following oil duct of push rod, guiding valve, flow back to oil storage tank by the oil return nut at last.Move after making push rod and tooth bar together, steel ball compressing spill rubber button in the crown ejection chute circular hole of tooth bar, conductive coating in the button is communicated with two contacts on the insulation board, obtain the interrupted current of tooth bar control when computer, know when shift fork arrives the desired location interval, computer stops to move forward under the effect of rear spring to two electromagnetic coils and electric oil pump energising, guiding valve, reaches the balance of guiding valve front and back spring.This is that 3 curve baths in the push rod endoporus all are communicated with the oil return nut.When computer repelled two electromagnetic coils mutually, preceding electromagnetic coil was together with guiding valve reach compressing front spring.Pressure oil is through the following oil duct of the curve bath of the circular groove of the rear arc groove of oil-feed nut (14), push rod upper end, guiding valve, push rod lower end, push rod, enter the rear chamber of ram at last.Simultaneously the pressure oil of ram front chamber through the circular groove (17) of the last translot (18) of the last oil duct of push rod, guiding valve, push rod, the following translot of guiding valve (19, flow back to oil storage tank by the oil return nut at last.Make push rod and nibble bar together to move forward, when computer knows that shift fork arrives desired location, will stop to get back to the position of balance to two electromagnetic coils and electric oil pump power supply, guiding valve, the oil duct up and down of push rod all is communicated with the oil return nut.When computer repelled two electromagnetic coils mutually, preceding electromagnetic coil was together with guiding valve reach compressing front spring.Pressure oil is through the following oil duct of the curve bath of the circular groove of the rear arc groove of oil-feed nut (14) push rod upper end, guiding valve, push rod lower end, push rod, enter the rear chamber of ram at last.Simultaneously the pressure oil of ram front chamber is through the following translot (19) of the circular groove (17) of the last translot (18) of the last oil duct of push rod, guiding valve, push rod, guiding valve, flow back to oil storage tank by the oil return nut at last.Push rod and tooth bar are together moved forward, when computer knows that shift fork arrives desired location, will stop to get back to the position of balance to two electromagnetic coils and electric oil pump power supply, guiding valve, the oil duct up and down of push rod all is communicated with the oil return nut.

The 2nd embodiment is shown in attached Fig. 1 and 2: transmission case is fixed by bolts on the flywheel casing, and first leading portion has spline and clutch fit mutually, and first back segment is bearing in the seat hole of speed changer antetheca with ball bearing.First with often nibble driving gear and make one, often nibble and be inserted with output shaft head portion in the needle bearing in the driving gear endoporus, the output shaft afterbody is bearing in the seat hole of housing, output shaft and 5 grades of gears and universal-joint fork are made one, the gear of other 4 gears is made one, is fixed on the output shaft by spline and pin.Input shaft is bearing in by two ball bearings in the seat hole of housing front and rear wall above output shaft, often nibbles driven gear and is fixed on the input shaft with first the driving gear of often nibbling by spline and often meshes.On the input shaft 5,4,3,2 of pine cover, fall, 1 totally 6 gears all be shaped on internal tooth, except that 1 grade of gear, the sliding sleeve in other 5 formed circular grooves in gear internal tooth back, pine is enclosed within the flange place of input shaft, sliding sleeve with axle with changeing.3 internal splines of 1 grade of gear of input shaft are communicated with outer teeth groove, and 5 steel balls of useful iron hoop location between 3 grades of 4 grades of gears are equipped with needle roller and dividing plate between 5 grades of gears and the sliding sleeve.3 equidistant inside grooves of sliding sleeve and 3 relative connections of longitudinal flume post of input shaft, when input shaft was just changeing, skewed slot can be to front pump oil.3 teeth and connecting rod thereof that the rear end of slip teeth is shaped on circular groove, slip teeth front end are respectively charged in 3 skewed slots of input shaft, and it is arc that 3 teeth protrude in the skewed slot crown, 3 gears and the outside perk of connecting rod thereof.The central authorities of 3 inside groove roots of each sliding sleeve are arc all, the corresponding often engagement of 5 teeth of differing in size on 5 forward gears gears on the input shaft and the output shaft.With bolt reverse gear shaft is fixed in the seat hole of the flange of housing one side and rear wall, the spool gear of pine cover often meshes with the reverse gear on the input shaft on the reverse gear shaft, and the while often meshes with 1 grade of gear on the output shaft.Bonnet and ram are made the back that one is fixed by bolts to housing, and the shift fork of push rod front end upward opening snaps in the circular groove of slip teeth rear end, and the push rod stage casing is shaped on annular flange flange, and the nut that pine is enclosed within the push rod posterior segment is tightened on the tail end of ram.The oil-feed nut of hollow and oil return spiral shell are fixed on sleeve pipe the rear end of push rod, preceding electromagnetic coil irony body in the sleeve pipe and the guiding valve in the push rod endoporus are made one, the downward flange of this body snaps in the cannelure of sleeve pipe lower end, with bolt the irony body of back electromagnetic coil is fixed in the sleeve pipe, the cannelure that the lead of two electromagnetic coils passes sleeve pipe is connected with computer.The place ahead of guiding valve vertical core (28) is shaped on translot and following translot, the vertical vent slot in the guiding valve outside and the spatial communication at former and later two spring places of guiding valve, and the rear spring of fuel tap is passed the endoporus of back electromagnetic coil body, inserts in the groove of operating handle.Circular groove back in the endoporus of push rod posterior segment is shaped on the curve bath of 3 off-centre, and wherein Shang Duan front arc groove is communicated with the last translot of guiding valve downwards, upwards is communicated with the front chamber of ram by last oil duct (26); The rear arc groove of upper end is communicated with oil pump by the oil-feed nut; Oil duct (27) was communicated with the rear chamber of ram under the curve bath of lower end passed through, and the following translot of guiding valve is communicated with the circular groove oil return nut and the oil storage tank of push rod.Ram upper end convex tendon (24) is shaped on the row hole corresponding with each gear, in the circular hole of operating handle insertion sleeve pipe tail end, rides on the convex tendon after making connecting rod (25) front end boss (23) bending left of one with operating handle.Being tightened on has steel ball spill rubber button insulation board in the bolt bore on the flange, the aperture that the lead of two contacts passes the bolt back on the insulation board is connected with computer.The irony body and the connecting rod of a solenoid valve that is connected with computer are integrally welded, and spring is fixed on the disk (22) that withstands the spool back segment in the endoporus of irony body, and the awl core head of spool is stuck in the U-shaped opening slot of connecting rod.Push-button switch in the operating handle handle is connected with computer.

Shown in attached Fig. 1 and 2; Press the push-button switch on the lower handle, computer obtains it behind the signal of its energising, computer is switched on to the solenoid valve on the connecting rod, electromagnetic force withdraws from the spool pressuring spring from the circular hole of convex tendon, steel ball in the bolt bore of the connecting rod left side is stuck in the circular hole that spool withdraws under the elastic reaction of spill rubber button.Promote operating handle forward, the length of spring compressed that is attached thereto promotes the guiding valve reach, pressure oil is by oil-feed nut, vertical core (28), lower end arc shape groove, following oil duct (27) enters rear chamber, and the oil of front chamber flows back to oil storage tank at last by last oil duct (26), last translot, circular groove, following translot, oil return spiral shell.Steel ball is extruded the circular hole of convex tendon during the connecting rod slippage, and steel ball ejection button makes the conductive coating of its concave surface be connected with two upper contacts on the insulation board, and computer and two upper contacts form the loop.When steel ball is forwarded to adjacent circular hole, the elasticity ejection steel ball of rubber button sticks in the circular hole, after computer obtains the signal of the conductive coating of button and two contact separation, power supply, the spool that can cut off solenoid valve automatically insert under the effect of spring in the circular hole of convex tendon, and spool ejection steel ball makes computer and two contacts form the loop.Operating handle stops to move ahead, and after spring was reached balance gradually before and after the guiding valve, the oil-feed nut was communicated with the oil return nut by translot under the last translot circular groove, and the nut of oil-feed simultaneously is communicated with the oil return nut by translot under the curve bath of vertical core lower end.Push rod stops to move ahead, the internal tooth engagement of the tooth of slip teeth and 5 grades of gears.Power is often nibbled driving gear, input shaft by first and is often nibbled driven gear, input shaft, tooth, 5 grades of gears of input shaft, is spread out of by output shaft at last, finishes release button after the operation of hanging 5 grades.After button unclamped on the lower handle, computer withdrawed from spool from circular hole, pull back operating handle, moved behind the spring ejection guiding valve of guiding valve front.Pressure oil enters front chamber by oil-feed nut, last translot, last oil duct; The oil of rear chamber is by oil duct, following translot, oil return nut flow back to oil storage tank down.Computer is learnt steel ball card when 3 grades circular hole in the current signal that steel ball repeatedly spreads out of during the ejection button, computer cuts off the power supply of solenoid valve, and spool inserts in the circular hole under the effect of spring.Operating handle moves after stopping, and the spring that moves on to the guiding valve front and back behind the push rod is reached balance, and all oil circuits in the push rod endoporus communicate, and so far finish the speed change of continuous backward two gears.Press after unclamping by the lower handle button, computer makes spool, withdraws from from circular hole again, mobile operating handle makes computer learn that steel ball snaps in the circular hole of adjacent vacant shelves, and computer stops to solenoid valve, and spool inserts in the circular hole of neutral gear, operating handle stops when mobile, and speed changer is a neutral gear.Button by lower handle moves operating handle, and computer can make spool insert in the circular hole of adjacent real shelves automatically; Unclamp the mobile operating handle in back by the button of lower handle, computer can make spool insert with the origin-location to be separated by in the real shelves circular hole of 1 gear automatically.Present embodiment is when automatic speed changing, and computer can be finished neutral gear or the instruction of selector button backward forward that the manipulator presses, and computer also can be switched on or switched off the power supply of solenoid valve automatically according to the default program and the current signal of connecting rod upper contact.Forward during speed change, computer is given two electromagnetic coil energisings of push rod back, they are repelled mutually, electromagnetic force makes the guiding valve compressing front spring that moves ahead, after computer learns that pressure oil forces push rod to be forwarded to the desired position together with slip teeth, cut off the power supply of electromagnetic coil on two, the spring before and after the guiding valve is reached balance, and each oil circuit in the push rod endoporus communicates.Backward during speed change, computer makes that electromagnetic coil attracts each other on two, moves the compressing rear spring behind the guiding valve, after computer learns that pressure oil forces slip teeth to arrive desired location, computer cuts off the power supply of two electromagnetic coils, and the spring before and after the guiding valve is reached balance, finishes the automatic speed changing program.Computer is learnt the gear of speed changer according to the rotating ratio of input shaft and output shaft.

Accompanying drawing 3 is that preceding two embodiment's actuating elements can be for the Effector of exchange.Its structure is as shown in Figure 3: there is a row vertical circular hole corresponding with each gear the conduit lower end of making one with bonnet.The iron core that two electromagnetic coils are arranged, pine are enclosed within on the conduit, and the flange of two iron core endoporus snaps in the cannelure of conduit (29) upper end.The flange and the shifting fork bar of preceding iron core are integrally welded, the shift fork of upward opening (30) snaps in the circular groove of slip teeth, the upper shed that the arc bloom snaps in the circular groove with shift fork is bited into circle, in the circular groove of shift fork cylindrical cushion rubber is arranged, and the downward opening fork of back mandrel flange is on shifting fork bar.The iron core of the rear lower side of back iron core and a solenoid valve is made one, on the disk of spool (35) lower end a volute spring is arranged.On the iron core, the resistance coating on the dustproof shell inwall was connected with computer before the dustproof shell (34) that exhausted level plastics are made was fixed on, and the bonding copper sheet on the back iron core is communicated with resistance coating (33), is separately fixed on conduit and the dustproof shell before and after the cloth matter dust-proof cover.The lead of two upper contacts of the push-button switch on the operating handle handle by the operating handle of hollow after be connected with computer after the lead of 3 coils together passes dustproof shell.

This Effector is when pressing forward neutral gear key or automatic speed changing backward, and computer can be finished speed change according to default program.During gear of conversion, computer detects the resistance value of resistance coating (33) forward, and iron core is when a gear or half gear before and after learning.Computer is given the electromagnetic coil energising of two iron cores, and they are attracted each other.Back iron core moves ahead and runs into preceding iron core, and the value that computer is learnt resistance coating can be given the energising of the solenoid valve on the iron core of back for hour, the electromagnetic coil power supply of iron core before and after cutting off simultaneously, and the electromagnetic force of solenoid valve forces in the circular hole of the up insertion conduit of spool (35) lower end.Computer is given the electromagnetic coil energising of front and back iron core subsequently, and they are repelled mutually, and the iron core gear end boss behind the shifting fork bar that moves ahead was run into the opening fork of back iron core before their electromagnetic force forced, and shifting fork bar is together with the shift fork ejection slip teeth gear that moves ahead.Computer is learnt resistance value after maximum, cuts off the power supply of 3 coils, and spool withdraws from the circular hole of conduit (29) lower end under the effect of spring.Backward during gear of conversion, iron core sticked together or at a distance of half gear, computer is given the coil electricity of front and back iron core, and they are repelled mutually before and after computer was learnt, moved on to the limit position of a gear of the preceding iron core of distance behind the back iron core.When computer was switched on to solenoid valve, the coil power of iron core before and after cutting off was in the circular hole of the up insertion conduit of spool lower end.Computer is given the coil electricity of front and back iron core, and they are attracted each other, move behind the iron core before computer is learnt run into the back iron core after, cut off the power supply of 3 electromagnetic coils, spool withdraws from the circular hole of conduit under the effect of gravity and spring.When moving half gear, iron core sticked together or when a gear, computer is given their electromagnetic coil energising before and after computer was learnt, made them repel mutually or attract each other.After the resistance value that computer records resistance coating changes, will switch on to solenoid valve, back iron core is in moving process, spool will insert in the circular hole adjacent on the conduit, back iron core stops to move, before iron core under the acting on of electromagnetic force, begin to move, up to a front and back iron core gear or stick together apart.After computer is learnt and finished mobile half gear, cut off the power supply of 3 coils, the descending circular hole that withdraws from of spool.Neutral gear arrives the distance of two adjacent real shelves half gear.This Effector is when manual, press the button on the lower handle, computer can be adjusted the position of back iron core automatically according to pre-set programs, make back iron core and preceding iron core at a distance of half gear or stick together, spool (35) is inserted in the circular hole of real shelves, cut off the power supply on the iron-core coil of front and back simultaneously, operating handle is forwarded to the back iron core to be stopped to move ahead when a gear, computer cuts off the power supply of solenoid valve, and spool withdraws from circular hole, finishes the operation of manually hanging real shelves forward.By unclamping behind the button on the lower handle, computer can make two iron cores behind half gear or gear, spool is inserted in the circular hole of real shelves, cut off the power supply of two iron-core coils, move on to behind the operating handle and move after stopping after two upper cores stick together, computer makes spool withdraw from circular hole, finishes the operation of manually hanging real shelves backward.Press again after unclamping by the lower handle button, computer can make two iron cores behind half gear, spool is inserted in the circular hole of neutral gear, cut off the power supply of two iron-core coils, move on to behind the operating handle and move after stopping after two iron cores stick together, computer makes spool withdraw from circular hole, finishes the operation of manually hanging real shelves backward.Press again after unclamping by the lower handle button, computer can make two iron cores behind half gear, spool is inserted in the circular hole of neutral gear, cut off the power supply of two upper core coils, mobile operating handle to two iron core sticks together or stops to move behind a gear, computer makes spool withdraw from circular hole, finishes the operation of manual extension neutral gear.

More than the tooth of slip teeth also can 245 etc. among two embodiment.

Claims

1. gear type step change transmission, form by variable transmission mechanism and operating mechanism, input shaft (8) and output shaft (9) are inserted in the hole of transmission case (6), input shaft is connected with power plant, pine is with the forward gears gear that differs in size on the input shaft, output shaft cogs with axle and fuses, corresponding gear engagement on forward gears gear and the output shaft on the input shaft, output shaft is connected with output unit, it is characterized in that pine is enclosed between internal tooth that input shaft cogs and the adjacent internal tooth circular groove is arranged, tooth (3) in the input shaft cannelure protrudes in groove, and tooth is connected with shift fork by connecting rod.

2. speed changer according to claim 1 is characterized in that the sliding sleeve (2) in the circular groove between the adjacent internal tooth, and pine is enclosed within the flange (4) of input shaft and locates, and the sliding sleeve endoporus is shaped on input shaft cannelure quantity and equates the inside groove that opening communicates.

3. speed changer according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the opening fork of shift fork is gone in the circular groove of slip teeth.

4. speed changer according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that gear and pine on the reverse gear shaft are enclosed within the reverse gear engagement of input shaft, simultaneously also with 1 grade of gear engagement of output shaft.

5. speed changer according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that operating handle and shift fork make one, in the circular groove of the opening fork people slip teeth of shift fork.

6. speed changer according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that ram (11) and gear shift cover fuse, the push rod of piston rear end (12) is gone in the circular groove of slip teeth with the opening fork of shift fork, operating handle (16) is enclosed within on the sleeve pipe, spring and guiding valve are arranged in the push rod endoporus, electromagnetic coil body (20) fuses in guiding valve and the sleeve pipe, in this body endoporus spring is arranged, back electromagnetic coil is fixed on the rear end of sleeve pipe, the lead of two electromagnetic coils is connected with computer, the circular groove of push rod endoporus (17) rear is shaped on 3 curve baths, be communicated with the front chamber of ram and the curve bath of push rod lower end respectively before and after the oil duct on the push rod, the rear arc groove of oil inlet pipe and push rod upper end is communicated with, circular groove the place ahead of guiding valve respectively has a translot up and down, last translot (18) is communicated with the front arc groove of push rod upper end, and following translot (19) is communicated with return tube.

7. speed changer according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that ram and bonnet make the rear end that one is fixed on transmission case, the opening fork of push rod front end is gone in the circular groove of slip teeth, sleeve pipe is fixed on the push rod, preceding electromagnetic coil body and guiding valve in the sleeve pipe fuse, the body of back electromagnetic coil is fixed on the sleeve pipe, spring and guiding valve are arranged in the push rod endoporus, spring in the back electromagnetic coil body endoporus pushes up the operating handle that inserts in the sleeve pipe backward, the vertical core of guiding valve (28) the place ahead is shaped on translot up and down, following translot is communicated with return tube, the front arc groove of the last oil duct (26) of push rod and front chamber push rod upper end, last translot is communicated with, the following oil duct (27) of push rod is communicated with the curve bath of rear chamber and push rod lower end, the rear arc groove of push rod upper end is communicated with oil inlet pipe, in the push rod endoporus circular groove is arranged, the connecting rod (25) of making one with operating handle rides on the convex tendon (24) of ram, the hole corresponding with each gear arranged on the convex tendon, connecting rod has push-button switch in the hole on one side, in the hole of connecting rod another side spool is arranged, the spring of spool back is fixed in the endoporus of solenoid valve body, solenoid valve body is fixed on the connecting rod, in the operating handle handle push-button switch is arranged, the electromagnetic coil of this operating mechanism is connected with computer with the lead of push-button switch.

8. speed changer according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that conduit and bonnet make the rear end that one is fixed on transmission case, the conduit lower end is shaped on the hole corresponding with each gear, the bead that pine is enclosed within two electromagnetic coil body endoporus on the conduit (29) snaps in the cannelure of conduit upper end, the opening fork of shift fork (30) is gone in the circular groove of slip teeth, shifting fork bar and preceding electromagnetic coil (31) body fuse, back electromagnetic coil (32) body bead opening fork rides on the shifting fork bar, the spool of solenoid valve (35) snaps in the electromagnetic coil body of back, operating handle and preceding electromagnetic coil fuse, and the lead of 3 electromagnetic coils is connected with computer.

9. speed changer according to claim 2 is characterized in that the root of inside groove is made arc, and the crown of tooth is an arc, the outside perk of the leading portion of tooth and connecting rod.

10. speed changer according to claim 6 is characterized in that being fixed on tooth bar (13) on the sleeve pipe and snaps in the chute on the ram, and the chute button in the circular hole on one side is connected with computer.