CN101993749A - 用于从天然气分离氮气的方法 - Google Patents

用于从天然气分离氮气的方法 Download PDF

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CN101993749A
CN101993749A CN2010102512951A CN201010251295A CN101993749A CN 101993749 A CN101993749 A CN 101993749A CN 2010102512951 A CN2010102512951 A CN 2010102512951A CN 201010251295 A CN201010251295 A CN 201010251295A CN 101993749 A CN101993749 A CN 101993749A
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nitrogen
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H·鲍尔
R·扎佩尔
M·施密特
J·维特
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Abstract

描述了一种用于使富含烃类且含有氮气的原料馏份、优选天然气液化的方法。根据本发明，a)使原料馏份(1)液化(E1，E2)，b)以精馏(T1)的方式分离成甲烷含量最大为1体积％的氮气富集的馏份(9)和富含烃类且氮气贫化的馏份(4)，c)使富含烃类且氮气贫化的馏份(4)过冷(E3)及减压(b)，d)将经减压的富含烃类且氮气贫化的馏份(5)分离(D1)成氮气含量最大为1体积％的富含烃类的液态馏份(6)和富含氮气的馏份(7)，及e)将富含氮气的馏份(7)混入原料馏份(1)。

Description

用于从天然气分离氮气的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于使富含烃类且含有氮气的原料馏份、优选天然气液化的方法。
背景技术
富含烃类且含有氮气的原料馏份或天然气在其液化时需要适当的措施，从而可以将最终产品LNG中的氮气浓度限制到1体积％。在更高氮气浓度的情况下，在LNG储存罐中由于密度不同导致非期望且危险的分层现象。为了加以避免，通常通过在液化过程的冷端排出富含氮气的可燃气体流，从而将氮气从该方法排出。与原料馏份相比，所述可燃气体流具有明显提高的氮气含量。即使在待液化的原料馏份中的氮气浓度明显超过1体积％时，以此方式可将LNG产品的氮气含量限制到最大1体积％。
液化过程通常具有可以至少部分地使用前述可燃气体流的燃气轮机。但是在此情况下应当注意，可燃气体流的最大允许的氮气浓度为20至40体积％。若待液化的原料馏份的氮气含量的大小导致无法遵守LNG产品以及前述可燃气体流的最大允许的氮气含量，则通常从液化过程排出甲烷含量小于1体积％的高度浓缩的氮气馏份；该高度浓缩的氮气馏份可以直接排放至大气。该氮气馏份的产生可以通过在所谓的脱氮装置(Nitrogen-Rejection-Unit)中分离出可燃气体流而实施，或者在此情况下在排出可燃气体流之前集成在液化过程中。
图1所示为算作现有技术的用于使富含烃类且含有氮气的原料馏份液化的方法流程，其中将高度浓缩的氮气馏份的获得集成在液化过程中。
将富含烃类且含有氮气的原料馏份经由管道101送入液化过程，表示为热交换器或热交换区域E1至E3。虚线所示循环120在此代表任意的制冷过程或者任意的制冷设备，如同其在所述原料馏份的液化和过冷时可以发现的应用。
在热交换器或热交换区域E1中，首先冷却原料馏份，随后经由管道102送入第二热交换器或热交换区域E2并在其中完全液化。现在将液化的原料馏份经由管道103和减压阀a送至分离塔T1。从其塔底经由管道104排出富含烃类且氮气贫化的馏份，并在热交换器或热交换区域E3中过冷。
该过冷的馏份从原来的液化过程经由管道105排出，在阀门b中减压，并送入分离器D1。由分离器D1的塔底经由管道106排出液态LNG产品馏份，并送入图1中未示出的LNG储存罐。
从分离塔T1的塔顶经由管道108排出高度浓缩的氮气馏份；其氮气含量通常为90至100体积％。将该氮气馏份的一部分经由管道109直接排放至大气，而该氮气馏份的另一支流在经过安装在分离器D1中的回流冷凝器E4之后经由管道110作为回流送至分离塔T1。
但是若不同于高度浓缩的氮气馏份109对于不可直接排放至大气的可燃气体流107而言不存在消耗者，则依照图1所示的方法流程会导致一些问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供用于使富含烃类且含有氮气的原料馏份、优选天然气液化的前述类型的方法，该方法克服了所述的缺点，尤其是能够将原料馏份中所含的全部量的氮气伴随LNG产品流或者伴随高度浓缩的氮气馏份排出。
为了实现所述目的，提供用于使富含烃类且含有氮气的原料馏份液化的方法，其中
a)使原料馏份液化，
b)以精馏的方式分离成甲烷含量最大为1体积％的氮气富集的馏份和富含烃类且氮气贫化的馏份，
c)使富含烃类且氮气贫化的馏份过冷及减压，
d)将经减压的富含烃类且氮气贫化的馏份分离成氮气含量最大为1体积％的富含烃类的液态馏份和富含氮气的馏份，及
e)将富含氮气的馏份混入原料馏份。
用于使富含烃类且含有氮气的原料馏份液化的本发明方法的另一个有利的实施方案的特征在于，
-富含氮气的馏份在混入原料馏份之前实施一级或多级压缩和/或冷却和/或富含氮气的馏份在混入原料馏份之后实施一级或多级压缩，
-若原料馏份在其冷却之前实施吸附干燥过程，则其特征在于，富含氮气的馏份在混入原料馏份之前作为再生气体用于所述吸附干燥过程，
-将经冷却的原料馏份的一个支流作为汽提气体送至经液化的原料馏份的后续精馏分离，
-采用任意的液化过程实施富含烃类且含有氮气的原料馏份的液化和/或过冷，
-若氮气含量最大为1体积％的经液化的富含烃类的馏份储存在罐内，则在罐中产生的汽化气体(Boil-off-Gas)混入富含氮气的馏份和/或原料馏份，及
-将氮气富集的馏份的至少支流用于预先冷却原料馏份。
与依照图1所示的工艺流程所阐述的算作现有技术的方法不同，在液化过程结束时并在经液化及过冷的原料馏份实施减压之后产生的可燃气体流现在不送至可燃气体消耗者，例如燃气轮机，而是混入待液化的原料馏份然后送入冷却或液化过程。
附图说明
图1所示为算作现有技术的用于使富含烃类且含有氮气的原料馏份液化的方法流程。
图2所示为根据本发明的实施方案。
具体实施方式
下面依照图2中所示的实施例更详细地阐述根据本发明用于使富含烃类且含有氮气的原料馏份液化的方法以及它的其他的实施方案。
类似于图1中所示的方法流程，将富含烃类且含有氮气的原料馏份经由管道1和1′送入第一热交换器E1，并在其中冷却。随后将原料馏份经由管道2送入第二热交换器E2中，在其中液化。将经液化的原料馏份经由管道3和减压阀a送至分离塔T1。
有利地，将经冷却的原料馏份2的支流2′经由减压阀c作为汽提气体送至分离塔T1，由此有助于分离塔T1的精馏作用。
从分离塔T1的塔底经由管道4排出富含烃类且氮气贫化的馏份，并在热交换器或热交换区域E3中过冷。
虚线所示循环20代表任意的制冷过程或者任意的制冷设备，如同其在所述原料馏份的液化和过冷时可以发现的应用。
过冷的馏份经由管道5从原来的液化过程排出，在阀门b中减压，并送入分离器D1。由分离器D1的塔底经由管道6排出液态LNG产品馏份，并送入图2中未示出的LNG储存罐。
从分离塔T1的塔顶经由管道9排出高度浓缩的氮气馏份；其氮气含量通常为90至100体积％。将该氮气馏份的一部分经由管道10直接排放至大气，而该氮气馏份的另一支流在经过安装在分离器D1中的回流冷凝器E4之后经由管道11作为回流送至分离塔T1。
有利地，回流冷凝器E4以及分离器D1的高度使得无需使用泵即可通过重力实现至分离塔T1的回流11。此外，分离器D1中的压力至少为2巴，优选为3巴，从而可以将LNG产品馏份以无泵方式输送至大气压的LNG储存罐。
根据本发明方法的一个有利的实施方案，可将氮气富集的馏份10的至少支流在排放至大气之前用于预先冷却原料馏份1。若原料馏份1如下文所述实施干燥过程，则有利地将预先冷却设置在干燥过程上游。
进一步建议根据本发明用于使富含烃类且含有氮气的原料馏份液化的方法，若LNG产品馏份储存在LNG储存罐中，则在罐中产生的汽化气体混入富含氮气的馏份7和/或原料馏份1。为此，优选首先将来自大气压的LNG储存罐的汽化气体压缩至分离器D1的压力，并随后连同由分离器D1排出的富含氮气的馏份7一起压缩至原料馏份1的压力。
现在根据本发明对在分离器D1的塔顶经由管道7排出的富含氮气的馏份或可燃气体馏份实施一级或多级压缩C1，在后期冷却器E5中冷却，并随后经由管道8混入管道1中的富含烃类且含有氮气的原料馏份。若原料馏份1处于比较低的压力下，则富含氮气的馏份7可以首先与原料馏份1混合，然后与其一起实施压缩。
在通常情况下，原料馏份1在送入液化过程之前进行干燥A，优选实施吸附干燥过程。若是这一情况，则可以将富含氮气的馏份作为再生气体送入吸附干燥过程A，并在实施再生之后才混入管道1中的原料馏份。
在算作现有技术的依照图1所示的工艺流程中，产生3种不同的由该过程排出的馏份——LNG产品馏份、可燃气体馏份和高度浓缩的氮气馏份，然而在本发明方法的情况下，仅有2种馏份，即LNG产品馏份6以及在分离塔T1的塔顶排出的高度浓缩的氮气馏份10。
通过将富含氮气的馏份7送回原料馏份1，液化过程有利地叠加开放的混合物循环。所述开放的混合物循环基本上由组分氮气和甲烷以及少量更高级的烃类和任选存在的氧气和痕量的氦气组成。所述开放的混合物循环在热交换器E1中预先冷却，在热交换器E2中完全液化，并在分离塔T1中分离成甲烷含量小于1体积％的纯氮气馏份和富含甲烷的塔底馏份。所述开放的混合物循环的甲烷部分以及未在分离塔T1的塔顶排出的残留量的氮气连同LNG一起在热交换器E3中过冷，在热交换器E4中气化以回流冷凝分离塔T1，并与来自分离器D1的气相一起重新送入原料馏份1。
连同制冷过程或制冷设备20，其可以包括所有已知的技术，例如纯物质气化、混合物气化、做功液体膨胀以及它们的任意组合，获得在液体过程的冷端具有开放的N2/CH4混合物循环的制冷循环级联。
通过形成开放的混合物循环，回流冷凝器E4可以与原料馏份的组成和压力无关地提供所需的制冷，从而可以将在原料馏份中所含的全部量的氮气浓缩至所需的纯度，并作为高度浓缩的氮气产品流排出。由此避免排放非期望的气体混合物，其在算作现有技术的方法中形成可燃气体馏份。

Claims (7)

1.用于使富含烃类且含有氮气的原料馏份、优选天然气液化的方法，其中
a)使原料馏份(1)液化(E1，E2)，
b)以精馏(T1)的方式分离成甲烷含量最大为1体积％的氮气富集的馏份(9)和富含烃类且氮气贫化的馏份(4)，
c)使富含烃类且氮气贫化的馏份(4)过冷(E3)及减压(b)，
d)将经减压的富含烃类且氮气贫化的馏份(5)分离(D1)成氮气含量最大为1体积％的富含烃类的液态馏份(6)和富含氮气的馏份(7)，及
e)将富含氮气的馏份(7)混入原料馏份(1)。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，富含氮气的馏份(7，8)在混入原料馏份(1)之前实施一级或多级压缩(C1)和/或冷却(E5)和/或富含氮气的馏份在混入原料馏份(1)之后实施一级或多级压缩。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中原料馏份(1)在其冷却(E1)之前实施吸附干燥过程(A)，其特征在于，富含氮气的馏份(7)在混入原料馏份(1)之前作为再生气体用于所述吸附干燥过程(A)。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一的方法，其特征在于，将经冷却的原料馏份(2)的一个支流(2′)作为汽提气体送至经液化的原料馏份(3)的后续精馏分离(T1)。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一的方法，其特征在于，采用任意的液化过程实施富含烃类且含有氮气的原料馏份的液化和/或过冷。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一的方法，其中氮气含量最大为1体积％的经液化的富含烃类的馏份(6)储存在罐内，其特征在于，将在罐中产生的汽化气体混入富含氮气的馏份(7)和/或原料馏份(1)。
7.根据权利要求1至6之一的方法，其特征在于，将氮气富集的馏份(9)的至少支流用于预先冷却原料馏份(1)。
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