CN101991437A - Method and device for processing signals and Doppler ultrasound system - Google Patents
Method and device for processing signals and Doppler ultrasound system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for processing signals and a Doppler ultrasound system. The method comprises the following steps of: improving integral multiple of original data sampling rate of an A/D (Analog/Digital) sampler to make the A/D sampler obtain over-sampling signals at the state of over-sampling; carrying out the frequency shift operation on the over-sampling signals according to automatic adjusting frequency shift amount of an ultrasound system base line to obtain signals after frequency shift; carrying out filtering processing; extracting a part of signals from the filtered results, and restoring frequency spectrum elements corresponding to the original data sampling rate to obtain the down-sampling results; and carrying out reverse frequency shift adjustment on the down-sampling results. The invention can eliminate frequency spectrum black line caused by the A/D device and remove the noise interference caused by over-sampling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrasonic system signal processing technology field, what be specifically related to is a kind of signal processing method and device that is applied to Doppler ultrasound system.
Background technology
Usually, adopt continuous wave Doppler technique to measure in the diasonograph of blood flow rate, when the high speed blood flow of organs such as application continuous wave Doppler technique inspection heart, A/D sampling device obtains required sample rate data, spectral characteristic because of A/D device itself, when regulating baseline, horizontal black line clearly can appear on the spectrogram.
As shown in Figure 1, provided the baseband signal handling process of traditional continuous wave ultrasound doppler frequency spectrum analysis system.Calculate the transmitter, phase of different passages and the receiving phase of different passages according to focal position and tranmitting frequency, different passages obtains transmit square waves behind the transmitter, phase, send the receiving phase of all passages simultaneously and give demodulator, the received signal of passage obtains the IQ component through behind the demodulator, different passage IQ components directly merge, through after a series of simulation process, the AD device becomes digital signal with analogue signal.Handle through wall filtering then.Wall filtering is a high pass filter, and filtering is because the strong echo that histokinesis static or at a slow speed causes.After the wall filtering processing, IQ two-way component is sent into the spectrum estimation module.The spectrum estimation module generally adopts fast Fourier transform (FFT) estimated power spectrum.Counting of fast fourier transform can be 128 or 256 points.Because the power spectrum dynamic range that estimates is too big, the power spectrum that at every turn estimates need be handled through overcompression, is compressed to the gray scale indication range.The last Doppler frequency spectrum figure that shows on screen is certain period, the intensity of different frequency skew.
The A/D device itself comprises the function of analog filtering, according to the sample rate of output, and the cut-off angular frequency of decision analog domain.Figure 2 shows that the amplitude-frequency characteristic of this wave filter, suppose f
s=96K, the cut-off frequecy of passband of this analog filtering phase are 48K, and passband and stopband such as are at ripple, and excessively band is very narrow.Fig. 3 has provided the frequency attenuation characteristic of the intermediate zone of this wave filter.
Suppose the no signal input, spectrogram output is noise entirely.As can be seen from Figure 4 at ± f
s/ 2 frequency place decays to 6dB very soon, under the normal condition ± and f
s/ 2 are presented at the bottom of going up of screen, are black beyond the frequency spectrum viewing area, though therefore ± f
sThe spectral decay at/2 places is a black, but and spectrogram show that the outer lumps together, human eye is also insensitive.When most of continuous wave Doppler ultrasonic devices comprised the function of regulating baseline, the adjusting baseline was equal to the cyclic shift as a result with FFT.The result of cyclic shift makes the zero-frequency baseline not at the position, middle of spectrogram, ± f
s/ 2 frequency spectrums are also in the upper edge of spectrogram, and lower edge shows, but show in the middle of spectrogram, and lump together.As shown in Figure 5, the spectrogram behind the K point of having supposed cyclic shift, as can be seen from the figure, ± f
s/ 2 the spectrum value 6dB that descended suddenly, human eye just feels that once the gray value at this place is lower than other local gray value, is a stain, the stain that adheres to the different vertically same positions of spectral lines separately forms a horizontal black line.
As from the foregoing, in continuous wave Doppler adopts band, wait ripple, during excessively with the AD device of narrow analog filter, after regulating baseline,, certainly exist horizontal frequency spectrum black line as if not adopting the particular processing technology.
In the prior art, the k according to actual sample rate doubly provides the AD sampling clock usually, and wherein k is the positive integer greater than 1, falls the k sampling behind the simple sum-average arithmetic then in post processing.Might as well suppose k=2, when sample rate is 2f
sThe time, 6dB decay place is ± f
s, as shown in Figure 6, if do not take further treatment measures, when regulating baseline, ± f
sFrequency point move on to the centre of spectral line, horizontal black line can appear equally.So, to the 2f of input
sSimple 2 sum-average arithmetics of data extract a bit then at interval, and obtaining sample rate is f
sNew signal flow.The transfer function of sum-average arithmetic is: 0.5+0.5Z
-, its amplitude-versus-frequency curve as shown in Figure 7, by the filtered frequency spectrum of sum-average arithmetic as shown in Figure 8.Per two of data sample after average is taken out one and come out, and sample rate becomes f after extracting
s, from zero-frequency to ± 0.5f
s, the amplitude-frequency value is attenuated to 3dB gradually, and frequency spectrum shows as shown in Figure 9.When mobile baseline, ± 0.5f
sFrequency point move on to the centre of spectral line, as shown in figure 10, different with Fig. 5 is: ± 0.5f
sThe place has only the decay of 3dB, and is that 0dB from zero-frequency excessively decays to 3dB gradually.Because be excessive gradually, human eye is insensitive.Eliminated the black line that excessively causes suddenly to the 6dB decay.But (sample rate is 2f for oversampled signals frequency spectrum shown in Figure 11
s), [f among the figure
s/ 2, f
s] frequency spectrum of section is through require after the baseline frequency displacement can correct showing.Figure 14 is a situation of simply asking average, as can be seen from the figure, directly sues for peace when down-sampled [f
s/ 2, f
s] section distortion spectrum serious; From f
sTo 2f
sSection belongs to the negative sense pectrum noise, is that requirement is filtered.But simple sum-average arithmetic can not finely filter out the noise jamming of this section, and as shown in figure 12, when extracting, the negative-going noise that suppresses fully can not be aliased in the low frequency signal.Therefore, this kind method still can not well solve the problem of frequency spectrum black line, from Figure 13 to 14 as can be seen, frequency spectrum the decay suddenly and black line that causes is still more outstanding, also caused the negative sense pectrum noise simultaneously, so need improve prior art further, to solve the problem that prior art exists.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of signal processing method and device and Doppler ultrasound system, its with over-sampling after and transfer the corresponding frequency displacement of baseline, and filtering extraction, the oppositely mode that combines of frequency displacement, eliminate the frequency spectrum black line that the AD device causes, and remove the noise jamming that over-sampling causes.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The invention provides a kind of signal processing method that is applied to ultrasonic system, comprising:
The sample initial data sample rate of device of A/D is improved integral multiple, makes it be operated in the over-sampling state, obtain oversampled signals,
According to the automatic adjustment frequency shift amount of ultrasonic system baseline, described oversampled signals is carried out frequency displacement calculate, the signal after the acquisition frequency displacement;
Carry out Filtering Processing;
Extracting part sub-signal from the filtering result, the spectrum component of recovery initial data sample rate correspondence obtains down-sampled result;
Down-sampled result is carried out reverse frequency displacement to be regulated.
Simultaneously, the present invention also provides a kind of signal processing apparatus that is applied to ultrasonic system, comprising: the over-sampling module, be used for carrying out data sampling with the integral multiple of the initial data sample rate of A/D sampling device, and obtain oversampled signals; The frequency displacement module is used for the automatic adjustment frequency shift amount according to the ultrasonic system baseline, described oversampled signals is carried out frequency displacement calculate, the signal after the acquisition frequency displacement; Filtration module is used for the signal after the frequency displacement is carried out Filtering Processing; Down-sampled module is used for recovering the spectrum component of initial data sample rate correspondence from the output of described filtration module extracting part sub-signal as a result, obtains down-sampled result; Oppositely the frequency displacement adjustment module is used for that down-sampled result is carried out reverse frequency displacement and regulates.
Based on said apparatus, the present invention also provides a kind of Doppler ultrasound system, comprise: display, AD sampling device and the data processor that contains the baseline adjusted function, described data processor comprises: the over-sampling adjustment module is used for the initial data sample rate of described A/D sampling device is improved integral multiple; The frequency displacement module is used for the automatic adjustment frequency shift amount according to the ultrasonic system baseline, the oversampled signals that obtains from described A/D sampling device is carried out frequency displacement calculate the signal after the acquisition frequency displacement; Filtration module is used for the signal after the frequency displacement is carried out Filtering Processing; Down-sampled module is used for recovering the spectrum component of initial data sample rate correspondence from the output of described filtration module extracting part sub-signal as a result, obtains down-sampled result; Oppositely the frequency displacement adjustment module is used for that down-sampled result is carried out reverse frequency displacement and regulates; The baseline adjusted module is used for the output result of described reverse frequency displacement adjustment module is carried out exporting display to after the baseline adjusted.
From as seen last, adopt the defective of AD device and the shortcoming of above-mentioned solution at continuous wave Doppler, the present invention adopts a kind of improved over-sampling and frequency displacement, filtering, the processing method of anti-frequency displacement is eliminated this horizontal black line, and implementation method is simple, has also suppressed negative-going noise simultaneously.The present invention is specially adapted to Doppler ultrasound system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a continuous wave Doppler signal processing flow graph;
Fig. 2 is AD device amplitude-frequency characteristic figure;
Fig. 3 excessively is with detailed amplitude-frequency characteristic figure for the AD device;
Fig. 4 is positioned at the amplitude-frequency characteristic figure of spectrogram center for baseline;
Fig. 5 is the amplitude-frequency characteristic figure that baseline does not hit exactly at frequency spectrum;
Fig. 6 improves spectrogram after the twice for sample rate;
Fig. 7 is the amplitude-versus-frequency curve of 2 sum-average arithmetic wave filter;
Fig. 8 is the spectral characteristic after asking on average;
Fig. 9 is the spectral characteristic after down-sampled;
Figure 10 is the spectrogram behind the mobile baseline;
Figure 11 is the hypothesis signal spectrum;
Figure 12 is simple summation signal;
Figure 13 is the signal spectrum after the frequency displacement;
Figure 14 is the frequency spectrum after the low-pass filtering;
Figure 15 is the signal spectrum after extracting;
Figure 16 is the frequency spectrum after reverse frequency displacement and conciliation show baseline;
Figure 17 is a flow chart of the present invention;
Figure 18 is applied to the signal processing apparatus of ultrasonic system for the present invention;
The specific embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the specific implementation of the inventive method and system thereof is elaborated.At the shortcoming of art methods, the invention provides a kind of signal processing method, as shown in figure 17, it comprises:
Below describe the implementation procedure of said method in detail with specific embodiment.
At first, suppose that the initial data sample rate is f
s, so the initial data sample rate is risen to k times of f
s, k is the positive integer greater than 1, carry out data sampling after, the picked up signal sequence is x
nSuppose k=2, then signal spectrum as shown in figure 11, this moment, the useful signal frequency spectrum was positioned at 0 to f
sBetween, f
sTo 2f
sBetween the frequency spectrum composition be the negative frequency noise.
Then, to signal sequence x
nCarrying out frequency displacement calculates.For the data sampling rate f after down-sampled
s, the baseline frequency shift amount is a, a is a normalization factor ,-0.5≤a≤0.5, when a when negative, the frequency displacement of expression negative sense, when a is timing, the expression positive frequency deviation, the maximum frequency shift amount is: 0.5f
sDown-sampled before with respect to kf
sThe normalization frequency shift value be: a/k, the data sequence after the frequency displacement is: x_shift
n
Then the signal after the frequency displacement is
x_shift
n＝x
nexp(-j2πa/k) n＝0，1，2，，，，，，
Signal spectrum after the frequency displacement as shown in figure 13.
General ultrasonic system carries out the automatic adjustment of baseline before demonstration, calculate the frequency shift amount of baseline simultaneously, the demonstration frequency shift amount size of different time is added up, generate the rotary index table, then just can be directly according to the content of this rotary index table, to the modulation of the execution of the signal behind over-sampling sequential, the i.e. frequency displacement of frequency domain.
Secondly, carry out Filtering Processing, its objective is in order to prevent to extract aliasing, can also leach in addition as shown in figure 13 at f
s/ 2 to 3f
sFrequency noise between/2.Therefore, the best mode of this process is to adopt low-pass filtering treatment, and the band that filters useful signal disturbs outward.Suppose that data sampling rate with reality is by kf
sDrop to f
s, then the cut-off angular frequency of low-pass filtering is: π/k, filtered data sequence is: x_filter
n, filtered signal spectrum as shown in figure 14, out-of-band noise has been suppressed.Downward arrow is designated as the black line that causes because of the narrow intermediate zone of low-pass filtering among Figure 14.
Once more, from filtered data sequence x_shift
nMiddle extracting part sub-signal, such as, to data sequence x_filter
nIn every k extract one, recover the spectrum component of initial data sample rate correspondence, the data sequence after obtaining to extract is: x_fs
n, signal spectrum as shown in figure 15, among the figure downwards arrow be the black line after extracting.
At last, carrying out reverse frequency displacement regulates: to data sequence x_fs
nCarry out reverse frequency displacement, the normalization frequency shift value is: a, oppositely the data sequence after the frequency displacement is: x_minus
n, then
x_minus
n＝x_fs
nexp(j2πa) n＝0，1，2，，，，，，
Oppositely the signal spectrum behind frequency displacement and the adjusting demonstration baseline as shown in figure 16.As shown in figure 17, in order to adapt to the requirement of demonstration, also to carry out the baseline adjusted of step 600 or the operation of frequency displacement usually to the data after the reverse frequency displacement.Figure 16 is for finally being presented at the collection of illustrative plates on the screen, and as can be seen from the figure, no matter regulate baseline or do not regulate baseline, the frequency spectrum black line is positioned at going up most bottom of spectrogram viewing area all the time.
From said process as can be seen, after the reverse frequency displacement of the present invention by over-sampling, frequency displacement, low-pass filtering, extraction, correspondence, make and show that baseline is positioned at going up most bottom of spectrogram viewing area all the time, as shown in figure 16, thereby guaranteed to eliminate when carrying out data show the effect of frequency spectrum black line, the present invention simultaneously can also avoid distortion spectrum, and eliminates pectrum noise, referring to Figure 12 and Figure 14 comparative result, middle f
s/ 2 to 3f
sFrequency noise between/2 has been eliminated.
Based on said method, can carry out the improvement and the redesign of built-in function to data processing and control chip in the ultrasonic system or central processing unit by software programming, thereby obtain the signal processing apparatus that is applied to ultrasonic system as shown in figure 18, it comprises:
The over-sampling module is used for carrying out data sampling with the integral multiple of the initial data sample rate of A/D sampling device, obtains oversampled signals;
The frequency displacement module is used for the automatic adjustment frequency shift amount according to the ultrasonic system baseline, described oversampled signals is carried out frequency displacement calculate, the signal after the acquisition frequency displacement;
Filtration module is used for the signal after the frequency displacement is carried out Filtering Processing;
Down-sampled module is used for recovering the spectrum component of initial data sample rate correspondence from the output of described filtration module extracting part sub-signal as a result, obtains down-sampled result;
Oppositely the frequency displacement adjustment module is used for that down-sampled result is carried out reverse frequency displacement and regulates.
Wherein, described filtration module adopts low-pass filtering, and cut-off angular frequency is: π/k, wherein, the multiple that k is enhanced for the initial data sample rate, and greater than 1 positive integer.
Wherein, described down-sampled module comprises: be used for the output result of described filtration module is carried out the unit of cycle count, the peak of cycle count is k, wherein, and the multiple that k is enhanced for the initial data sample rate, and greater than 1 positive integer; The unit that is used for buffer memory k data result; Be used for when single count down to k the unit of data of arbitrary extracting from data cached.
When being applied to the design concept of said apparatus on traditional Doppler ultrasound system, also can carry out the improvement of performance by the data processor that software programming contains the baseline adjusted function to Doppler ultrasound system inside, simultaneously can also bring its in-built improvement, thereby obtain Doppler ultrasound system structure as follows, it comprises: display, AD sampling device and the data processor that contains the baseline adjusted function, and its data processor comprises simultaneously:
The over-sampling adjustment module is used for the initial data sample rate of described MD sampling device is improved integral multiple;
The frequency displacement module is used for the automatic adjustment frequency shift amount according to the ultrasonic system baseline, the oversampled signals that obtains from described A/D sampling device is carried out frequency displacement calculate the signal after the acquisition frequency displacement;
Filtration module is used for the signal after the frequency displacement is carried out Filtering Processing;
Down-sampled module is used for recovering the spectrum component of initial data sample rate correspondence from the output of described filtration module extracting part sub-signal as a result, obtains down-sampled result;
Oppositely the frequency displacement adjustment module is used for that down-sampled result is carried out reverse frequency displacement and regulates;
The baseline adjusted module is used for the output result of described reverse frequency displacement adjustment module is carried out exporting display to after the baseline adjusted.
The structure that above-mentioned each functional module adopted and the method for realization can be referring to above-mentioned related description, and its corresponding function modular structure and implementation method with the corresponding step of said method and the above-mentioned signal processing apparatus that is applied to ultrasonic system is identical.
In sum, over-sampling module of the present invention is finished sampling to the input analogue signal according to the integral multiple of the high sampling rate of system requirements, the frequency displacement module produces the rotary index table according to the size that shows frequency displacement, to the modulation of the execution of the signal after sampling sequential, the i.e. frequency displacement of frequency domain; In order to prevent to extract aliasing, the band that filtration module filters useful signal disturbs outward; After finishing the anti-aliasing device of riding the waves, reduce the signals sampling rate, finish the extraction of integral multiple, this moment, signal rate was reduced to the sample rate of system design; According to the size of frequency shift value, oppositely frequency displacement is handled, and recovers the primary spectrum component of signal; When showing,, the data after the spectrum analysis are moved on to suitable position display come out according to the size of frequency displacement.
The present invention obtains importing data in the mode of over-sampling, size according to down-sampled back baseline frequency shift amount, calculate down-sampled preceding frequency shift amount, then the input data being carried out frequency displacement calculates, filtering before extracting, filter out the outer interference of band, oppositely frequency displacement after extracting, to recover the composition of original signal, this method is inhibition zone external spectrum composition aliasing not only, no matter guarantee whether regulate baseline simultaneously, the frequency spectrum black line is positioned at the top and the below of display screen all the time, reaches the purpose of elimination because of the frequency spectrum black line of adjusting baseline generation.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. a signal processing method that is applied to ultrasonic system is characterized in that, comprising:
The sample initial data sample rate of device of A/D is improved integral multiple, makes it be operated in the over-sampling state, obtain oversampled signals,
According to the automatic adjustment frequency shift amount of ultrasonic system baseline, described oversampled signals is carried out frequency displacement calculate, the signal after the acquisition frequency displacement;
Carry out Filtering Processing;
Extracting part sub-signal from the filtering result, the spectrum component of recovery initial data sample rate correspondence obtains down-sampled result;
Down-sampled result is carried out reverse frequency displacement to be regulated.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described frequency displacement is calculated and carried out in the following way:
x_shift
n＝x
nexp(-j2πa/k)
Wherein, x_shift
nData sequence after the expression frequency displacement, x
nThe data sequence of expression before the frequency displacement, a is the baseline frequency shift amount, the multiple that k is enhanced for the initial data sample rate, and greater than 1 positive integer.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described filtering adopts low-pass filtering, and cut-off angular frequency is: π/k, wherein, the multiple that k is enhanced for the initial data sample rate, and greater than 1 positive integer.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described extraction process is from filtered data sequence every k and extracts one, the multiple that k is enhanced for the initial data sample rate, and greater than 1 positive integer.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described reverse frequency displacement is regulated and carried out in the following way:
x_minus
n＝x_fs
nexp(j2πa)
Wherein, x_minus
nRepresent the data sequence after the reverse frequency displacement, x_fs
nRepresent down-sampled result, a is the baseline frequency shift amount.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described method also comprises: the data after the reverse frequency displacement are shown baseline adjusted.
7. a signal processing apparatus that is applied to ultrasonic system is characterized in that, comprising:
The over-sampling module is used for carrying out data sampling with the integral multiple of the initial data sample rate of A/D sampling device, obtains oversampled signals;
The frequency displacement module is used for the automatic adjustment frequency shift amount according to the ultrasonic system baseline, described oversampled signals is carried out frequency displacement calculate, the signal after the acquisition frequency displacement;
Filtration module is used for the signal after the frequency displacement is carried out Filtering Processing;
Down-sampled module is used for recovering the spectrum component of initial data sample rate correspondence from the output of described filtration module extracting part sub-signal as a result, obtains down-sampled result;
Oppositely the frequency displacement adjustment module is used for that down-sampled result is carried out reverse frequency displacement and regulates.
8. device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described filtration module adopts low-pass filtering, and cut-off angular frequency is: π/k, wherein, the multiple that k is enhanced for the initial data sample rate, and greater than 1 positive integer.
9. device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described down-sampled module comprises:
Be used for the output result of described filtration module is carried out the unit of cycle count, the peak of cycle count is k, wherein, and the multiple that k is enhanced for the initial data sample rate, and greater than 1 positive integer;
The unit that is used for buffer memory k data result;
Be used for when single count down to k the unit of data of arbitrary extracting from data cached.
10. Doppler ultrasound system comprises: display, AD sampling device and the data processor that contains the baseline adjusted function is characterized in that described data processor comprises:
The over-sampling adjustment module is used for the initial data sample rate of described A/D sampling device is improved integral multiple;
The frequency displacement module is used for the automatic adjustment frequency shift amount according to the ultrasonic system baseline, the oversampled signals that obtains from described A/D sampling device is carried out frequency displacement calculate the signal after the acquisition frequency displacement;
Filtration module is used for the signal after the frequency displacement is carried out Filtering Processing;
Down-sampled module is used for recovering the spectrum component of initial data sample rate correspondence from the output of described filtration module extracting part sub-signal as a result, obtains down-sampled result;
Oppositely the frequency displacement adjustment module is used for that down-sampled result is carried out reverse frequency displacement and regulates;
The baseline adjusted module is used for the output result of described reverse frequency displacement adjustment module is carried out exporting display to after the baseline adjusted.
11. system according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described filtration module adopts low-pass filtering, and cut-off angular frequency is: π/k, wherein, the multiple that k is enhanced for the initial data sample rate, and greater than 1 positive integer.
12. system according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described down-sampled module comprises:
Be used for the output result of described filtration module is carried out the unit of cycle count, the peak of cycle count is k, wherein, and the multiple that k is enhanced for the initial data sample rate, and greater than 1 positive integer;
The unit that is used for buffer memory k data result;
Be used for when single count down to k the unit of data of arbitrary extracting from data cached.
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