CN101989766B - Method for diagnosing faults of power system on the basis of protecting action chain - Google Patents
Method for diagnosing faults of power system on the basis of protecting action chain Download PDFInfo
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- CN101989766B CN101989766B CN2009101838725A CN200910183872A CN101989766B CN 101989766 B CN101989766 B CN 101989766B CN 2009101838725 A CN2009101838725 A CN 2009101838725A CN 200910183872 A CN200910183872 A CN 200910183872A CN 101989766 B CN101989766 B CN 101989766B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for diagnosing faults of a power system on the basis of a protecting action chain, comprising the following steps of: firstly, establishing a model, including network modeling and protective information modeling; and secondly, diagnosing the faults on the basis of the protecting action chain by alarm information of a power system in a grid dispatching automation system. According to the method, the matching relationship between the protecting action alarm and the action alarm of a circuit breaker, important grades of the protecting action and the effective relationship among protected main equipment associated with the protecting action can be analyzed, a protecting action chain by taking a suspended fault element as a unit can be formed, the fault position of the power system can be diagnosed and quick diagnose result can be analyzed; and meanwhile, since the requirement on the network modeling is not high, the model is convenient for maintenance, in particular in a dispatching system which is more difficult to model and has not high high-grade application degree. The method for diagnosing the faults has low requirement on the network modeling and is quite practical.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power system failure diagnostic method, be useful in the concentrator station supervisory control system abort situation of electric power system is diagnosed, be a kind of power system failure diagnostic method based on protection action chain.
Background technology
Along with the progress of science and technology and the raising of automatization level, the telecontrol information and the relay protection information that insert in the dispatching patcher are more and more abundanter, and abundant telemechanical, protection information are double-edged swords; The failure diagnosis foundation is provided on the one hand the monitor staff of concentrator station, when then being the fault arriving on the other hand, pours in the bulk information on monitoring backstage in very short time; Comprise correct warning message; Straggler message, duplicate message, irrelevant information etc.; Tend to make the monitor staff to have more visitors or business than one can attend to, bewilder.
From the angle of dispatcher as the dispatch automated system user, need come temporarily in fault, fault location element is fast raced against time for follow-up Fault Isolation and fault recovery, and the loss that electric network fault is caused drops to minimum level.So, come temporarily in fault, especially how electric power system generation complex fault like expansion property fault, multiple faults, the fault of bypassing the immediate leadership, carries out failure diagnosis and location fast, becomes the problem that at first need solve.
Existing data demonstration, though now a lot of relevant for the method for power system failure diagnostic,, have certain defective.Reason is following:
First; Most of failure diagnosises; Such as method, Bayesian network method, power supply interrupted district search method based on optimization; At the beginning of analyzing, will delimit the fault zone, after the fault zone delimited, utilize again various method for diagnosing faults to circuit breaker jump close action or accident after state protect action message to analyze with minority; And the definite of fault zone still utilizes the analysis of network power supply interrupted district just can obtain, and the analysis of network power supply interrupted district then depends on complete network modelling of science and external network equivalent model modeling work.The proposition of these methods is based on and proposes under the unobservable situation of most protection action messages, has certain effect.But these methods are more for having the ADVANCED APPLICATIONS user demand, and region that attendant's level is higher and above dispatch automated system are easier to realize relatively; And for some small-sized dispatching patchers, some small-sized scheduling comprises that the concentrator station system does not have the ADVANCED APPLICATIONS functional module, does not also have the ability of maintenance of the function of this respect.In addition, power system development changes more frequent national conditions, requires the attendant often to safeguard that for failure diagnosis electric network model is unrealistic.In addition; Possibly there is not direct annexation between the transformer station that a lot of dispatching patchers are had jurisdiction over; Adopt above method to carry out Analysis on Fault Diagnosis and must carry out state estimation and topological analysis accurately, the transformer station that is had jurisdiction over is carried out network modelling, carry out also difficulty relatively of work such as external network equivalent.So in this case, to adopt that cover thinking to do be inappropriate to failure diagnosis.
Second; Some method solves the problem without the outer net network modelling such as adopting based on fuzzy set theory and method of expert system, but need concern in the directed graph in protection; For dissimilar protection information is composed different weights; The setting of weight has certain skill or based on certain historical statistical data, and must be to the careful division type of protection information, such as: the nearly backup protection of main protection/first/second backup protection.Because condition restriction mainly is the number of channels restriction, the alarm of the protection of access dispatching end action at present is hard contact point signal or Soft Roll signal mostly.Definite this signal that much can't be clear and definite from the signal that obtains is main protection, the still first nearly backup protection, and still second backup protection is such as signal " certain 851 A-wires, 931 protection action of standing ".This has just caused a pair of contradiction in theoretical method and real data source; Carry out the remote motion signal that failure diagnosis must want large-scale redevelopment to insert if adopt this method; And in the reality; Because the odjective causes such as restriction of number of active lanes and capacity, and the automated maintenance personnel insert the subjective reasons such as custom that signal is formed for a long time, can not all send up all signals; Making the signal that inserts in the actual engineering satisfy this analytical method fully as analyzing data source, obviously is not the very thing of reality of part.So these great majority all are not suitable for the truth of dispatch automated system production run from the method that relies on the laboratory model realization.Need carry out method that careful protection information type divides and also have bayes method that information-theoretic approach, preamble mention etc.
The 3rd, educational circles has also proposed a lot of other methods, as, based on the method for diagnosing faults of data mining technology, can from mass data, extract useful information, troubleshooting issue is converted into seeks the standard event of failure the most similar with the physical fault event schema.But because complexity that relaying protection cooperates in the actual electric network and intrinsic randomness, like protection expanded range and reliability, what make the standard fault mode confirms to remain further research; Such as; Under really such operational mode and electric network composition, these warning information and certain electric network fault are complementary, but present under macroscopical background that economy develops on a large scale in the historical data; China's electric network composition all can change every year; Simultaneously, the setting program of protective device is also changing thereupon, so do not represent similar fault at similar warning information.The artificial neural net method is regarded as pattern recognition problem with troubleshooting issue; Can avoid the formation of professional knowledge and expert's heuristic knowledge rule, promptly modeling process is simple, but need set up than training sample more completely for this reason; As input, the fault message collection is as output with preliminary election accident collection.And the completeness of training sample database, and to improve training speed all be the bottleneck problem of the actual engineering use of this method with convergence so far.
In sum, in the face of the electric network composition of the continuous development and change of China's scale, some small-sized scheduling; Particularly there is not direct connection relational between the concentrator station administration transformer station, the comprehensive and outlined that the protection warning information of connecting system has, or the like; In the face of the complicated actual field condition of these situation, method for diagnosing faults before perhaps need be done careful classification to protection motion analysis data source owing to exist network modelling to require height; The perhaps practicability bottleneck that exists of method itself, such as training sample database, complete being difficult to of Expert Rules storehouse guarantees; Or the like problem, make these methods be difficult to obtain practicability.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention will solve is: in the face of the complicated electric network composition of situation; There are problems in existing power system failure diagnostic method; Be difficult to obtain effective practicability; A kind of power system failure diagnostic method that is applicable to the concentrator station supervisory control system need be provided, make full use of the abundant warning information data of concentrator station system, be the method that the electric power system fault position judgment is carried out on the basis with more simple network modelling mode with the protection modeling pattern.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the method based on the power system failure diagnostic of protecting the action chain may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: set up model:
1), accomplishes network modelling: utilize the graphics edition instrument that primary equipment and annexation thereof are inserted database, the building network equipment library;
2), protection information modeling: on the basis of network modelling, in database, be primary equipment object interpolation protective device object, and be that the protective device object adds corresponding protection information; According to primary equipment; Protective device, protection information, the hierarchical relationship of trip breaker is protected information modeling; Set up the incidence relation between the action of protection main equipment---protection information---circuit breaker, protect main equipment to refer to primary equipment here;
Step 2: failure diagnosis:
The 1st step: set startup failure diagnosis criterion; Scan-data collection and the warning information of keeping watch on control SCADA system one by one in real time; Seek and satisfy the warning information that starts the failure diagnosis criterion, record meets the warning information of failure diagnosis criterion, obtains failure diagnosis information table CFA;
The 2nd step: after obtaining to meet the warning information of criterion, this warning information is labeled as article one warning information when the prior fault period;
The 3rd step: set fault warning and finish criterion, finish criterion, confirm when prior fault period the last item warning information according to fault warning;
The 4th step: get into the pretreatment stage of failure diagnosis, the warning information in the failure diagnosis information table CFA is filtered, only keep protection action message, automatics action message and the circuit breaker displacement information that can trigger circuit breaker trip;
The 5th step: carry out failure diagnosis based on protection action chain to the warning information after filtering; All protection action chains are formed protection action chained list PAG; When protection action chain refers to be installed in the electrical network power grid accident of protective device reply on each main equipment, with the processing course of action of a certain Fault Isolation in certain power supply interrupted district;
The 6th step: the demonstration of fault diagnosis result and the preservation of fault diagnosis report;
Wherein, refer to begin when the prior fault period, until satisfy the period till fault warning finishes criterion from satisfying startup failure diagnosis criterion.
Failure diagnosis criterion of the present invention is defined as the combination of following four conditions:
A: factory's station accident total information action message;
B: the appearance of breaker open operation or emergency stop valve trip signal;
C: the protection alarm action message that triggers tripping operation;
D: the automatics action message that triggers the circuit breaker displacement;
Then satisfy the requirement that starts the failure diagnosis criterion, i.e. failure diagnosis criterion E=A ∪ B ∪ C ∪ D as long as there is a condition to satisfy in these four conditions;
Fault warning finishes the combination that criterion is defined as following condition:
F: in back a period of time Tdelta takes place this warning information, do not have new warning information to occur;
G: though in back a period of time Tdelta takes place this warning information, have new warning information to occur, new warning information time of origin is apart from surpassing a time period threshold values Tdura when prior fault period article one warning information time of origin;
Wherein time T delta and time period threshold values Tdura as long as there is a condition to satisfy in these two conditions, judge then that satisfying fault warning finishes the criterion requirement by user definition, i.e. fault warning finishes criterion H=F ∪ G;
Finish criterion if do not satisfy fault warning, then deposit warning information in the failure diagnosis information table, and gather next bar warning information chronologically, only till satisfy fault warning end criterion; Finish criterion if satisfy fault warning; The warning information that then will meet fault warning end criterion is labeled as the last item warning information when the prior fault period; And the power network switch disconnecting link state of inciting somebody to action this moment is saved in network equipment storehouse; Utilize the basic function module functional network topology of automation system for the power network dispatching to carry out topological analysis, analyze the topological connection relation between interior each main equipment of institute's electrical network of having jurisdiction over.
Time T delta and time period threshold values Tdura that fault warning finishes in the criterion are: Tdelta ∈ [10,60], and unit: second; Tdura ∈ [2,10], unit: minute.
In the protection information modeling, comprise different protection information, be the different attribute of its configuration based on its implication, define the attribute of following protection information:
1) related circuit breaker---the malfunctioning circuit breaker that the expression breaker fail protection is related only uses during for breaker fail protection in protection information, and fault diagnosis system will will cause those circuit breaker trips according to this information action of this determined property;
2) trip breaker of association---represent that this attribute comprises protection information with the circuit breaker trip that triggers;
3) tripping operation---represent this follow-up circuit breaker trip that has in warning information action back;
4) post a letter---represent that the action of this warning message just sends out a warning information, but follow-uply can not export tripping operation;
6) from backup auto-activating device---represent that this alarm is the action message about backup auto-activating device, non-protection information;
7) be reclosing---represent that this warning information is the reclosing information of circuit;
8) be the protection of frequency class---represent that this warning information is a frequency class protection information;
9) be the protection of voltage class---represent that this warning information is a voltage class protection information;
10) be the protection of overload class---represent that this warning information is an equipment overload information, the fault of non-equipment itself;
11) be main protection---represent that this alarm signal is an equipment main protection information,
12) be backup protection---represent that this alarm signal is an equipment backup protection information;
13) be failure protection---represent that this alarm signal is a breaker fail protection information;
14) corresponding remote signalling object identity OID---represent the signal source of this protection alarm signal comes from which remote signalling point in SCADA storehouse;
15) related main equipment object identity OID---represent the main equipment that this protection information is protected.
Specifically being embodied as of the 5th step of diagnosis algorithm of the present invention:
The 5-1 step, chronologically, one by one protection action message in the failure diagnosis information table after filtering and automatics action message are analyzed, comprise the matching relationship analysis of protection action, automatics action message and circuit breaker action;
In the 5-2 step, begin to take shape protection action chain;
The 5-3 step, the analysis-by-synthesis of protection action chain.
Wherein the concrete performing step in 5-1 step is:
The 5-1-1 step; If i bar information CFAi is a protection action message in the failure diagnosis information table after filtering; Based on information CFAi remote signalling data source object sign OID in the SCADA database; Find its protection information model definition PrtUniti in protection information model storehouse, obtain the various attribute informations of this protection information;
The 5-1-2 step; According to protection information---the circuit breaker action relationships of information CFAi in the definition of protection information model; Seek in the follow-up of failure diagnosis information table CFA after filtration; After taking place, information CFAi whether have the circuit breaker trip or the combined floodgate incident that meet protection model definition PrtUniti to take place; If find that n bar information CFAn is the circuit breaker trip information that meets the PrtUniti definition among the failure diagnosis information table CFA, then CFAn and information CFAi are done relatedly, represent that information CFAn is triggered by information CFAi;
In the 5-1-3 step, statistics is being worked as prior fault in the period, the circuit breaker action number BrActNum that information CFAi triggers
i, move number BrDefNum with the corresponding trigger switch of answering that defines among the information model PrtUniti of protecting with this statistical number
iBe divided by the matching degree MatchBrAct of computing information CFAi and circuit breaker action message
i:
MatchBrAct
i＝(BrActNum
i/BrDefNum
i)
Matching degree is used to judge the confidence level of information CFAi, if this numerical value less than 1, representes to exist the tripping of circuit breaker; Perhaps this protection action message result that is information distortion; Carry out the follow-up 5-2 step, the analysis in 5-3 step is if the circuit breaker tripping; The then follow-up backup protection action that also has neighbouring device certainly is with Fault Isolation; If can not find the protection action message of neighbouring device, can think that then this protection action message is insincere, promptly protect information distortion.
The 5-1-2 step is sought the circuit breaker action message with protection action message coupling, 5-1-3 step statistics one total how many bar match information.
The concrete performing step in 5-2 step is:
The 5-2-1 step; Judge whether to have protection action chain to generate; If before also protection action chain form, then to i bar information CFAi among the failure diagnosis information table CFA, with information CFAi with the circuit breaker action message of its coupling as begin chain; Form a protection action chain and insert protection action chained list; Become the 1st record PAG1 in the table, the suspected fault equipment point GroupDev1 shown in this new protection action chain PAG1 be this information CFAi related protection main equipment Devi, i.e. GroupDev1=Devi; If protection action message has before formed a protection action chain, then get into next step 5-2-2 step;
The 5-2-2 step; To the protection action chain that has formed before; Analyze one by one, obtain protection action chained list j bar record PAGj related suspected fault equipment point GroupDevj, and judge information CFAi related main equipment Devi and GroupDevj whether be same equipment; Whether Devi and GroupDevj still exist annexation after the error protection tripping operation finishes; If there is one to satisfy in these two, i.e. explanation protection action message CFAi is the part of protection action chain PAGj, and all other protection action message is the same among CFAi and the PAGj; All be that same electric network fault triggers, information CFAi taken the circuit breaker action message that is complementary add among the protection action chain PAGj; If information CFAi related main equipment Devi do not satisfy current all protection action chain go into the chain requirement; Then this protection action message CFAi takes the circuit breaker action message that is complementary as new protection action chain PAGk of begin chain oneself composition; PAGk is for inserting the up-to-date record in the protection action chained list; Suspected fault equipment point GroupDevk shown in this new protection action chain PAGk be this protection action message CFAi related protection main equipment Devi, i.e. GroupDevk=Devi;
The 5-2-3 step; All because of the protection that the causes action of security reason or the action message classification processing in addition of automatic safety device, are generated special protection action chain, comprise frequency class protection action chain; Voltage class protection action chain, prepared auto restart class protection action chain.
The 5-3 step, the concrete step that realizes was:
In the 5-3-1 step, calculate every protection action chain and indicate the confidence level reliability of fault: add up the circuit breaker action matching degree of every all protection action messages of protection action chain, get its maximum, protect the confidence level of the fault of action chain as this; If fault credibility is lower than the threshold values of setting, think that all protection action messages of this protection action chain are all insincere; If fault credibility meets the threshold values condition, think that then the formation of this protection action chain is believable, the fault message that it indicated also is believable, believable thus protection action chain can draw an electric network fault point;
The 5-3-2 step, insincere protection action message is concluded the insincere protection action message of formation table, supply scheduling, monitor staff's field verification;
The 5-3-3 step; The part circuit breaker action message that said incredible protection action message was mated originally; With the original circuit breaker action message that does not just find the triggering source, be generalized unknown cause circuit breaker action message together, supply scheduling, monitor staff's field verification.
The criterion of judging when prior fault period start-stop scope must be arranged among the present invention, confine, tell program from which bar begins to analyze, and to which bar finishes because must carry out head and the tail to the warning information of analyzing, but the setting variable of criterion.The present invention has set more rational start-stop criterion; Because in a single day electrical network breaks down, have the protective device action certainly, send the protection actuating signal; Also must have circuit breaker trip; To realize isolation, be equipped with electricity consumption source automatic switching device sometimes and also can move and trigger corresponding circuit-breaker switching on-off, so the present invention has set startup failure diagnosis criterion in view of the above to the fault zone; And the fault warning that the present invention sets finishes criterion; Be all to be to take place in succession according to generic failure trigger protection action and follow-up circuit breaker trip action; Its time interval is shorter, and the protection action that accident takes place to cause the back generally also can not surpass 2-3 minute, so the warning information that electric network fault causes has building-up effect certainly; The electrical events that takes place in a period of time of concentrating relatively is correlated with mostly; Therefore finish free poor threshold values Tdelta and time period threshold values Tdura in the criterion in alarm, in actual engineering, the size of these two threshold values can be by the user according to self actual setting.
Among the step 5-2-2, j bar protection action chain is exactly a j object of protection action chained list, and the bar number of protection action chain is based on that the source of trouble that analyzes in the analytic process divides, and analyzes several trouble points, is exactly that chains are moved in several protections.Each protection action chain all has an attribute: suspected fault equipment point GroupDev.Every protection action chain all is made up of some protection action messages.Have only the main equipment of analyzing to come out to be protected to have the protection action message of electric connecting relation could get into same protection action chain, because their same mostly electric fault causes.Join 2 cover protections such as the 220kV main transformer; The action of A screen differential protection, the action of B screen differential protection, these two information just should be gone into same protection action chain; For another example; Certain bus Bus fault, but the tripping of bar outlet circuit breaker is wherein arranged, cause the station track road L of circuit opposite end factory protection backup protection action and trigger circuit opposite end circuit breaker trip." certain bus Bus bus differential protection action " and " circuit L protects action " protection warning information also should belong to same protection action chain accordingly.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: in automation system for the power network dispatching; Through keeping watch on the electric power system warning content that dispatch automated system is obtained, adopt method of the present invention, analyze the matching relationship between protection action alarm and the circuit breaker action alarm; The important level of protection action; Comprise main protection and backup protection, and the relation between the quilt protection main equipment of effectively protection action association, forming with the suspected fault element is the protection action chain of unit.Thereby realize the abort situation of electric power system is diagnosed, reach and analyze the fast fault diagnosis effect, simultaneously owing to less demanding, so model maintenance is convenient to network modelling.Particularly for not having the dispatching patcher that direct connection relational, the modeling of network modelling external network equivalent model are comparatively difficult, the ADVANCED APPLICATIONS degree is not high between linchpin factory station discrete distribution, factory station; Such as concentrator station; Etc. said situation; Because it is low that method for diagnosing faults of the present invention requires network modelling, be a kind of very practical method.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention-failure diagnosis main flow sketch map.
The sub-process figure that the 5th step in Fig. 2 embodiment of the present invention-main flow " is carried out the failure diagnosis based on protection action chain to the warning information after filtering ".
5-1 step flow chart in Fig. 3 embodiment of the present invention-Di 5 step flow processs.
5-2 step flow chart in Fig. 4 embodiment of the present invention-Di 5 step flow processs.
5-3 step flow chart in Fig. 5 embodiment of the present invention-Di 5 step flow processs.
The diagnostic analysis report sketch map of Fig. 6 implementation method of the present invention-obtain.
Embodiment
Specify the realization of the inventive method below.
One, set up model:
1, network modelling is inserted database with primary equipment and annexation thereof.This work domestic very ripe artwork storehouse integrated technique capable of using, in conjunction with pel, graphics edition instrument, storehouse two steps operation can be accomplished through drawing, filling out.Force device generates through the pel editing machine earlier, then, and in the graphics edition instrument; User power utilization power element makes up factory station or system's line chart, generates electric power system factory station and system structure model through this mapping mode, meets the IEC61970 standard; Generate network equipment storehouse with this model through filling out the storehouse operation then; This network equipment storehouse as network modelling, in the failure diagnostic process below, also will be the data medium of network topology work not only.So far, satisfy the primary equipment network modelling work completion that this method requires.
2, protection information modeling: according to primary equipment; Protective device, protection information, the hierarchical relationship of trip breaker is protected information modeling; Set up the incidence relation between the action of protection main equipment---protection information---circuit breaker, the protection main equipment refers to primary equipment.
On the basis of a last step network modelling, in database, be primary equipment object interpolation protective device, as; For certain main transformer adds protective device " main transformer protection device "; Then for protective device adds corresponding protection information, based on the remote signalling point configuring condition on scheduling backstage, in database; For " north suburb change/#2 main transformer " disposed protective device " PST-1203 ", again for having disposed some the protection information that can collect by " PST-1203 " device; Because every the protection informational function is had nothing in common with each other, need be the different attribute of its configuration based on its implication, the attribute of protection information is explained as follows:
(1) related circuit breaker---the malfunctioning circuit breaker that the expression breaker fail protection is related only uses during for breaker fail protection in protection information, and which circuit breaker trip will be fault diagnosis system will will cause according to this information action of this determined property;
(2) related trip breaker---represent that this attribute comprises protection information with the circuit breaker trip that triggers, do not trip that then the trip breaker number that comprises of this Attribute domain is 0 if should protection information only trigger alarm;
(3) tripping operation---represent this follow-up circuit breaker trip that has in warning information action back;
(4) post a letter---represent that the action of this warning message just sends out a warning information, but follow-uply can not export tripping operation;
(6) from backup auto-activating device---represent that this alarm is the action message about backup auto-activating device, non-protection information;
(7) be reclosing---represent that this warning information is the reclosing information of circuit;
(8) be the protection of frequency class---represent that this warning information is a frequency class protection information, relates generally to the UFLS protection, information such as high frequency cutter;
(9) be the protection of voltage class---represent that this warning information is a voltage class protection information, relates generally to overvoltage protection, information such as under voltage protection;
(10) be the protection of overload class---represent that this warning information is an equipment overload information, the fault of non-equipment itself
(11) be main protection---representing that this alarm signal is an equipment main protection information, whenever and wherever possible is " main protection " that then this attribute all is made as " very ".This position and " the being backup protection " use that matches whenever and wherever possible are main protections, and " being main protection " all is made as very.Such as route protection 931 actions, be integrated signal, in this case, main protection and backup protection all are made as very.If must be main protection, then main equipment is " very ", and backup protection is " vacation "; Must be the situation of backup protection, then " being main protection " be " vacation ", and " being backup protection " is " very ";
(12) be backup protection---represent that this alarm signal is an equipment backup protection information, this position and " the being main protection " use that matches whenever and wherever possible are backup protections, and " being backup protection " all is made as very.The explanation that is used is seen last one;
(13) be failure protection---represent that this alarm signal is a breaker fail protection information;
(14) corresponding remote signalling OID---represent the signal source of this protection alarm signal comes from which remote signalling point in SCADA storehouse;
(15) related main equipment OID---represent the main equipment that this protection information is protected, if this signal is the prepared auto restart action message, the then related corresponding prepared auto restart model of this Attribute domain.
OID indicated object sign (Object ID).
A remote signalling dot information " 2# uprises the action of side protection A cabinet differential protection " that becomes the 2# main transformer with the north suburb is an example; Explain the modeling process of this relevant protection information; This this information of remote signalling point expression comes from the high-pressure side measure and control device that the north suburb becomes the 2# main transformer; Its signal comes from protection protection A cabinet, is differential protection information.The meaning of remote signalling point has been understood, the definition of the protection information that can in database, be correlated with for interpolation:
The first step: for the #2 main transformer that the north suburb becomes is set up protective device model " PST-1203 ", certainly, if do not know it is what model on earth, directly called after " main transformer protection " or other titles also can.
Second step: for " PST-1203 " protective device adds subobject " differential protection " protection information object; And be the correct attribute of this protection information configuration; The tripping operation attribute is " very "; " being main protection " is for true; " corresponding remote signalling OID " related this protection information object corresponding to the object in the SCADA database remote signalling table " 0/ remote signalling 57 of the north suburb changes/harvester "---i.e. " 2# uprises side and protects A cabinet differential protection to move " this remote signalling point, " related main equipment OID " association the main equipment object " north suburb change/#2 main transformer " protected of this guard signal.
The 3rd step; Be this protection associating information trip breaker, for example, for " north suburb change/#2 main transformer/PST-1203 protective device/differential protection " information is added three trip breaker subobjects: the north suburb becomes the 110kV802 circuit breaker; The north suburb becomes the 35kV302 circuit breaker, and the north suburb becomes the 110kV102 circuit breaker.
The work completion of so far, setting up the corresponding protection information model for remote signalling information " 2# uprises the action of side protection A cabinet differential protection ".---protection information: north suburb change/#2 main transformer/PST-1203/ differential protection---circuit breaker moves in database, to have set up the protection main equipment: north suburb change/#2 main transformer: the north suburb becomes the 110kV802 circuit breaker; The north suburb becomes the 35kV302 circuit breaker; The north suburb becomes the incidence relation between the 110kV102 circuit breaker three, and has set up this protection information model: north suburb change/#2 main transformer/PST-1203/ differential protection and SCADA signal source: the corresponding relation between No. 57 remote signalling point of north suburb change/harvester 0/ " 2# uprises the action of side protection A cabinet differential protection ".
Two, the step of failure diagnosis
Fig. 1 has described the main flow that system carries out failure diagnosis, gets into based on judging and preliminary treatment gathering warning information before the failure diagnosis of protection action chain.
The 1st step: scan the warning information of alarm SCADA system in real time one by one, seek and satisfy the alarm that starts the failure diagnosis criterion.The criterion that we will start failure diagnosis is defined as the combination of following four conditions:
A: factory's station accident total information action message
B: the appearance of breaker open operation or emergency stop valve trip signal
C: the protection alarm action message that triggers tripping operation
D: the automatics action message that triggers the circuit breaker displacement
Then satisfy criterion requirement, i.e. criterion E=A ∪ B ∪ C ∪ D as long as there is a condition to satisfy in these four conditions;
The 2nd step: after finding the warning information that meets criterion, this warning information is labeled as article one information of this fault period alert analysis;
The 3rd step: finish criterion according to fault warning, judge whether this warning information is this fault period the last item warning information, and we finish the combination that criterion is defined as following condition with fault warning:
F: in back a period of time Tdelta takes place this alarm event, do not have new alarm to occur;
G: though in back a period of time Tdelta takes place this alarm event, have new alarm to occur, new alarm event time of origin surpasses certain time difference range Tdura apart from this fault period article one alarm event time of origin.
Wherein time difference Tdelta and time period threshold values Tdura all can be by user definitions, and general, the value of these two threshold values can be carried out in following interval: Tdelta ∈ [10,60], and unit: second, Tdura ∈ [2,10], unit: minute.
As long as there is a condition to satisfy in these two conditions, then judges and satisfy criterion requirement, i.e. criterion H=F ∪ G.
Finish criterion if do not satisfy fault warning, then deposit this warning information in the failure diagnosis information table, and further gather next bar warning information chronologically, only till find the warning information that satisfies fault warning end criterion.
Finish criterion if satisfy fault warning, then will meet the last item information that this warning information that finishes criterion is labeled as this fault warning period.And power network switch disconnecting link state that will this moment preserves network equipment storehouse, utilizes the basic function module functional network topology of dispatch automated system to carry out topological analysis, the main topological connection relation of analyzing between interior each main equipment of institute's electrical network of having jurisdiction over.
Thus, the definition of " when the prior fault period " can be described like this: it is up-to-date that warning system obtains, and begins from satisfying startup failure diagnosis criterion E, satisfies till the fault warning end criterion H until find, and this section period is called " when the prior fault period ".
Finish the collection when prior fault period failure diagnosis warning information, the collection of failure diagnosis warning information next time will begin from next the bar information when prior fault period the last item warning information;
The 4th step got into the pretreatment stage of failure diagnosis, and the warning information of failure diagnosis information Biao Biaonei is filtered, and only kept the protection warning information that can trigger tripping operation, automatics action message and circuit breaker displacement information;
The 5th step: carry out failure diagnosis based on protection action chain to the warning information incident after filtering; All protection action chains are formed protection action chained list PAG; When protection action chain refers to be installed in the electrical network power grid accident of protective device reply on each main equipment, with the processing course of action of a certain Fault Isolation in certain power supply interrupted district;
The 6th step: the demonstration of fault diagnosis result and the preservation of fault diagnosis report.
After accident analysis finishes, the inventive method will think that believable fault point information is sent to the alerting service system with the message form, in the alarm signal apprizing system with brief introduction where fault take place.The user can open the correlation analysis picture through the graphical browser of EMS system as wanting to see whole analytic processes, can see The whole analytical process, comprises protection action chain, unreasonable protection action message, and unknown cause circuit breaker action message, or the like.
As shown in Figure 6, based on the resulting diagnostic analysis report sketch map of method for diagnosing faults of protection action chain.When the structure of this report has reflected whole fault disconnected in, the reaction that protective device, circuit breaker, automatics etc. are made the system failure.Can not find circuit breaker action message and the irrational protection action message that triggers reason for some, can remind the monitor staff to go artificial affirmation whether true.
Three, based on the step of the failure diagnosis of protection action chain.
We know; If certain device fails in electrical network; Must there be nearest protective device to experience fault message and action of trigger protection unit and triggering tripping operation, if there is the tripping of protection tripping or circuit breaker, near the action of other protective devices must causing; Final fault always is isolated in certain power failure scope by the tripping operation of protective device action breaker; And must have topological connection relation between these protection main equipments of being isolated by protection tripping operation, and these a series of protections actions can form a protection action chain, promptly; Article one, protection action chain has just been represented the power grid accident of protective device reply that is installed in the electrical network on each main equipment, with the processing procedure of a certain Fault Isolation in certain power supply interrupted district.
Under so a kind of thinking, be able to implement just based on the method for diagnosing faults of protecting the action chain.Method for diagnosing faults based on protection action chain is achieved through following steps, like Fig. 2:
The 5-1 step, chronologically, one by one to the warning information event table CurrentFaultAlarm after filtering; Be called for short CFA; In protection action message and automatics action message analyze, mainly be the protection action and the matching relationship analysis of circuit breaker action, the protection action comprises the automatics action message.As shown in Figure 3, the i bar information of supposing CFA is example for the protection action message with CFAi, has analyzed in the current alarm period circuit breaker action match condition of CFAi.
5-1-1 step, establish that i bar information CFAi is a protection action message among the failure diagnosis information table CFA after the filtration, based on information CFAi remote signalling data source OID in the SCADA database; Find its protection information model definition PrtUniti in protection information model storehouse, obtain the various attribute informations of this protection information, whether it can trigger tripping operation; Can trigger those circuit breaker trips; Be main protection or back-up protection, protect which main equipment, or the like;
The 5-1-2 step; According to protection information---the circuit breaker action relationships of information CFAi in the definition of protection information model; Seek in the follow-up of failure diagnosis information table CFA after filtration; After taking place, information CFAi whether have the circuit breaker trip or the combined floodgate incident that meet protection model definition PrtUniti to take place; If find that n bar information CFAn is the circuit breaker trip information that meets the PrtUniti definition among the failure diagnosis information table CFA, then CFAn and information CFAi are done relatedly, represent that information CFAn is triggered by information CFAi;
In the 5-1-3 step, statistics is being worked as prior fault in the period, the circuit breaker action number BrActNum that CFAi triggers
i, should trigger circuit breaker action number BrDefNum with what define in the corresponding protection of this statistical number information model with CFAi
iBe divided by, calculate the matching degree MatchBrAct of CFAi and circuit breaker action message
i, formula is following:
MatchBrAct
i＝(BrActNum
i/BrDefNum
i)
The calculating of matching degree is in order to combine with subsequent analysis, to judge that the confidence level of guard signal designs.If this numerical value is less than 1, there is the tripping of circuit breaker in expression, perhaps this protection actuating signal result that is signal distortion; If circuit breaker tripping; The then follow-up backup protection action that also has neighbouring device certainly is with Fault Isolation, if at follow-up 5-2; Can not find the protection actuating signal of neighbouring device in the analysis of 5-3, can think that then this protection actuating signal is insincere;
In the 5-2 step, begin to take shape protection action chain.
After the matching relationship analysis that the protection action in 5-1 step and circuit breaker move finishes; Because each protection information is all related shielded main equipment; Then we can combine analysis with these main equipments; Analyze the topological connection relation between these equipment,, represent that then these protection information belong to same protection action chain if between the protection main equipment of these protection associating informations, have annexation.
Fig. 4 is an example to analyze CFAi, it related protection main equipment Devi, explained in failure diagnostic process the process that its participation protective action chain forms:
The 5-2-1 step; Judge whether to have protection action chain to generate; If also not protection action chain formation before; Then CFAi is with forming the 1st the record PAG1 of protection action chained list PAG with the circuit breaker action message of its coupling as begin chain, the suspected fault equipment point GroupDev1 shown in this new protection action chain PAG1k be this protection action message CFAi related protection main equipment Devi, i.e. GroupDev1=Devi; If protection action message has before formed a protection action chain, then get into next step 5-2-2 step;
The 5-2-2 step; To the protection action chain that has formed before; Analyze one by one, obtain protection action chained list j bar record PAGj related suspected fault equipment point GroupDevj, and judge CFAi related main equipment Devi and GroupDevj whether be same equipment; Whether Devi and GroupDevj still exist annexation after the error protection tripping operation finishes; If there is one to satisfy in these two, i.e. explanation protection action message CFAi is the part of protection action chain PAGj, and all other protection action message is the same among CFAi and the PAGj; All be that same electric network fault triggers, add among the protection action chain PAGj so can it be taken the circuit breaker action message that is complementary;
If CFAi related main equipment Devi do not satisfy current all protection action chain go into the chain requirement; Then this protection action message CFAi takes the circuit breaker action message that is complementary and forms a protection action chain as begin chain oneself and insert protection action chained list PAG; Become k bar record PAGk in the table; Suspected fault equipment point GroupDevk shown in the PAGk be this protection action message related protection main equipment Devi, i.e. GroupDevk=Devi;
5-2-3 step, in actual electric network, some fail safe protection action, automatic safety device haul oneself willingly into the not fault of consersion unit of actuating signal itself, such as UFLS, the under voltage action, overvoltage is moved, prepared auto restart actions etc. need separate analysis; Consider the existence of this situation, created frequency class protection action chain separately, voltage class protection action chain, prepared auto restart class protection action chain, or the like; All because of the protection that the causes action of security reason or the action message classification processing in addition of automatic safety device, are included into these special protection action chains.
After action message does such analysis with every protection; Can form some protection action chains; Every the protective device of protecting the action chain to represent that all electrical network is installed is tackled a series of protections actions that a certain grid equipment fault is carried out, and protection is moved and through triggering the circuit breaker action this electric network fault isolated;
The 5-3 step, the analysis-by-synthesis of protection action chain.As shown in Figure 5.
The 5-3-1 step; Calculate the confidence level reliability of every protection action chain PAG indication fault, method is to add up the circuit breaker action matching degree MatchPeri (%) of every all protection action messages of protection action chain; Get its maximum, as the fault credibility of this protection action chain.
If fault credibility is lower than certain threshold values; As 30% or 90%; Can think that the protection action message in this protection action chain does not have ability to open Fault Isolation; This situation is impossible in reality, so can think that all protection action messages of this protection action chain are all insincere; If fault credibility meets the threshold values condition, think that then the formation of this protection action chain is believable, the fault message that it indicated also is believable, believable thus protection action chain can draw an electric network fault point.
The 5-3-2 step, insincere protection action message is concluded the insincere protection action message of formation table, supply scheduling, monitor staff's field verification;
The 5-3-3 step; And the part circuit breaker action message that these incredible protection action messages were mated originally; With the original circuit breaker action message that does not just find the triggering source, then be generalized unknown cause circuit breaker action message together, supply scheduling, monitor staff's field verification.
In the analysis-by-synthesis of protection action chain, take such strategy, can solve since information in transmittance process because the puzzlement that the information uncertainty that noise or information dropout, distortion bring brings to failure diagnosis.
The inventive method is through facts have proved; Can accurately diagnose the position of being out of order; Take place to judge the fault point fast when a large amount of alarm signals pour in the monitoring backstage in fault; The last fault point of directly diagnosing out with the demonstration of alarm form, fault diagnosis report then clearly illustrates the failure diagnostic process based on protection action chain.Experiment and operation result have proved the practicality of this method.
Claims (4)
1. based on the method for the power system failure diagnostic of protecting the action chain, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: set up model:
1), accomplishes network modelling: utilize the graphics edition instrument that primary equipment and annexation thereof are inserted database, the building network equipment library;
2), protection information modeling: on the basis of network modelling, in database, be primary equipment object interpolation protective device object, and be that the protective device object adds corresponding protection information; The attribute of definition protection information, according to primary equipment, protective device; Protection information; The hierarchical relationship of circuit breaker action is protected information modeling, sets up the incidence relation between the action of protection main equipment---protection information---circuit breaker, protects main equipment to refer to primary equipment here;
Step 2: failure diagnosis:
The 1st step: set the failure diagnosis criterion, the warning information that satisfies the failure diagnosis criterion is sought in scan-data collection and the warning information of keeping watch on control SCADA system one by one in real time, and record meets the warning information of failure diagnosis criterion, obtains failure diagnosis information table CFA;
The 2nd step: after obtaining to meet the warning information of criterion, this warning information is labeled as article one warning information when the prior fault period;
The 3rd step: set fault warning and finish criterion, finish criterion, confirm when prior fault period the last item warning information according to fault warning;
The 4th step: get into the pretreatment stage of failure diagnosis, the warning information in the failure diagnosis information table CFA is filtered, only keep protection action message, automatics action message and the circuit breaker displacement information that can trigger circuit breaker trip;
The 5th step: carry out failure diagnosis based on protection action chain to the warning information after filtering; All protection action chains are formed protection action chained list PAG; When protection action chain refers to be installed in the electrical network power grid accident of protective device reply of respectively protecting on the main equipment, with the processing course of action of a certain Fault Isolation in certain power supply interrupted district;
The 6th step: the demonstration of fault diagnosis result and the preservation of fault diagnosis report;
Wherein, refer to begin when the prior fault period, until satisfy the period till fault warning finishes criterion from satisfying startup failure diagnosis criterion;
Specifically being embodied as of the 5th step of diagnosis algorithm:
The 5-1 step, chronologically, one by one protection action message in the failure diagnosis information table after filtering and automatics action message are analyzed, comprise the matching relationship analysis of protection action, automatics action message and circuit breaker action;
In the 5-2 step, begin to take shape protection action chain;
The 5-3 step, the analysis-by-synthesis of protection action chain;
The concrete performing step in 5-1 step is:
The 5-1-1 step; If i bar information CFAi is a protection action message among the failure diagnosis information table CFA after filtering; Based on information CFAi remote signalling data source object sign OID in the SCADA database; Be the corresponding remote signalling object identity OID in specified data source, find its protection information model PrtUniti in protection information model storehouse, obtain the various attribute informations of this protection information;
The 5-1-2 step; According to protection information---the circuit breaker action relationships of information CFAi in the definition of protection information model; Seek in the follow-up of failure diagnosis information table CFA after filtration; After taking place, information CFAi whether have the circuit breaker trip or the combined floodgate incident that meet protection model definition PrtUniti to take place; If find that n bar information CFAn is the circuit breaker trip information that meets the PrtUniti definition among the failure diagnosis information table CFA, then CFAn and information CFAi are done relatedly, represent that information CFAn is triggered by information CFAi;
In the 5-1-3 step, statistics is being worked as prior fault in the period, the circuit breaker action number BrActNum that information CFAi triggers
i, move number BrDefNum with the corresponding circuit breaker that should trigger that defines among the information model PrtUniti of protecting with this statistical number
iBe divided by the matching degree MatchBrAct of computing information CFAi and circuit breaker action message
i:
MatchBrAct
i=(BrActNum
i/BrDefNum
i)
Matching degree is used to judge the confidence level of information CFAi, if matching degree less than 1, representes to exist the tripping of circuit breaker; Perhaps this protection action message result that is information distortion; Carry out the follow-up 5-2 step, the analysis in 5-3 step is if the circuit breaker tripping; The then follow-up backup protection action that also has neighbouring device certainly is with Fault Isolation; If can not find the protection action message of neighbouring device, can think that then this protection action message is insincere, promptly protect information distortion;
The concrete performing step in 5-2 step is:
The 5-2-1 step; Judge whether to have protection action chain to generate; If before also protection action chain form, then to i bar information CFAi among the failure diagnosis information table CFA, with information CFAi with the circuit breaker action message of its coupling as begin chain; Form a protection action chain and insert protection action chained list; Become the 1st record PAG1 in the table, the suspected fault equipment point GroupDev1 shown in this new protection action chain PAG1 be this information CFAi related protection main equipment Devi, i.e. GroupDev1=Devi; If protection action message has before formed a protection action chain, then get into next step 5-2-2 step;
The 5-2-2 step; To the protection action chain that has formed before; Analyze one by one, obtain protection action chained list j bar record PAGj related suspected fault equipment point GroupDevj, and judge information CFAi related main equipment Devi and GroupDevj whether be same equipment; Whether Devi and GroupDevj still exist annexation after the error protection tripping operation finishes; If there is one to satisfy in these two, i.e. explanation protection action message CFAi is the part of protection action chain PAGj, and all other protection action message is the same among CFAi and the PAGj; All be that same electric network fault triggers, information CFAi taken the circuit breaker action message that is complementary add among the protection action chain PAGj; If information CFAi related main equipment Devi do not satisfy current all protection action chain go into the chain requirement; Then this protection action message CFAi takes the circuit breaker action message that is complementary as new protection action chain PAGk of begin chain oneself composition; PAGk is for inserting the up-to-date record in the protection action chained list; Suspected fault equipment point GroupDevk shown in this new protection action chain PAGk be this protection action message CFAi related protection main equipment Devi, i.e. GroupDevk=Devi;
The 5-2-3 step; All because of the protection that the causes action of security reason or the action message classification processing in addition of automatic safety device, are generated special protection action chain, comprise frequency class protection action chain; Voltage class protection action chain, prepared auto restart class protection action chain.
The 5-3 step, the concrete step that realizes was:
In the 5-3-1 step, calculate every protection action chain and indicate the confidence level reliability of fault: add up the circuit breaker action matching degree of every all protection action messages of protection action chain, get its maximum, protect the confidence level of the fault of action chain as this; If fault credibility is lower than preset threshold, think that all protection action messages of this protection action chain are all insincere; If fault credibility meets threshold condition, think that then the formation of this protection action chain is believable, the fault message that it indicated also is believable, believable thus protection action chain can draw an electric network fault point;
The 5-3-2 step, insincere protection action message is concluded the insincere protection action message of formation table, supply scheduling, monitor staff's field verification;
The 5-3-3 step; The part circuit breaker action message that said incredible protection action message was mated originally; With the original circuit breaker action message that does not just find the triggering source, be generalized unknown cause circuit breaker action message together, supply scheduling, monitor staff's field verification.
2. the power system failure diagnostic method based on protection action chain as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the failure diagnosis criterion is defined as the combination of following four conditions:
A: the action message of factory's station accident total information;
B: the appearance of breaker open operation or emergency stop valve trip signal;
C: the protection alarm action message that triggers tripping operation;
D: the automatics action message that triggers the circuit breaker displacement;
As long as there is a condition to satisfy the requirement of then satisfying the failure diagnosis criterion, i.e. failure diagnosis criterion E=A ∪ B ∪ C ∪ D in these four conditions;
Fault warning finishes the combination that criterion is defined as following condition:
F: in back a period of time Tdelta takes place this warning information, do not have new warning information to occur;
G: though in back a period of time Tdelta takes place this warning information, have new warning information to occur, new warning information time of origin is apart from surpassing a time period threshold value Tdura when prior fault period article one warning information time of origin;
Wherein time T delta and time period threshold value Tdura as long as there is a condition to satisfy in these two conditions, judge then that satisfying fault warning finishes the criterion requirement by user definition, i.e. fault warning finishes criterion H=F ∪ G;
Finish criterion if do not satisfy fault warning, then deposit warning information in failure diagnosis information table CFA, and gather next bar warning information chronologically, till satisfying fault warning end criterion; Finish criterion if satisfy fault warning; The warning information that then will meet fault warning end criterion is labeled as the last item warning information when the prior fault period; And the power network switch disconnecting link state of inciting somebody to action this moment is saved in network equipment storehouse; Utilize the basic function module functional network topology of automation system for the power network dispatching to carry out topological analysis, analyze the topological connection relation between interior each main equipment of institute's electrical network of having jurisdiction over.
3. the power system failure diagnostic method based on protection action chain as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that time T delta and time period threshold value Tdura are: Tdelta ∈ [10,60], and unit: second; Tdura ∈ [2,10], unit: minute.
4. like claim 1 or 2 or 3 described power system failure diagnostic methods, it is characterized in that in the protection information modeling, comprising different protection information, be the different attribute of its configuration, define the attribute of following protection information according to its implication based on protection action chain:
1) related circuit breaker---the malfunctioning circuit breaker that the expression breaker fail protection is related only uses during for breaker fail protection in protection information, and fault diagnosis system will will cause those circuit breaker trips according to this information action of this determined property;
2) trip breaker of association---represent that this attribute comprises protection information with the circuit breaker trip that triggers;
3) tripping operation---represent this follow-up circuit breaker trip that has in warning information action back;
4) post a letter---represent that the action of this warning information just sends out a warning information, but follow-uply can not export tripping operation;
5) from backup auto-activating device---represent that this warning information is the action message about backup auto-activating device, non-protection information;
6) be reclosing---represent that this warning information is the reclosing information of circuit;
7) be the protection of frequency class---represent that this warning information is a frequency class protection information;
8) be the protection of voltage class---represent that this warning information is a voltage class protection information;
9) be the protection of overload class---represent that this warning information is an equipment overload information, the fault of non-equipment itself;
10) be main protection---represent that this warning information is an equipment main protection information,
11) be backup protection---represent that this warning information is an equipment backup protection information;
12) be failure protection---represent that this warning information is a breaker fail protection information;
13) corresponding remote signalling object identity OID---represent the signal source of this warning information comes from which remote signalling point of SCADA database;
14) related main equipment object identity OID---represent the main equipment that this protection action message is protected.
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