CN101986496B - Method for forming islands of distribution system containing distributed power supply - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an intelligent distribution network and new energy. The invention provides a method for forming islands of a distribution system containing distributed power supply in order to overcome the defects in the prior art. The invention adopts the following technical scheme: firstly adopting the building and merging processes of the islands containing a plurality of tree knapsack problems (TKP) to obtain the initial island division scheme; and then correspondingly analyzing and adjusting the initial islands to obtain the final island scheme, wherein obtaining the initial island division scheme refers to solving TKP by the branch and bound algorithm, which comprises the following processes: firstly solving the critical item of TKP and then finding out the upper bound of TKP in the polynomial time, namely computed time complexity O(n2), by adopting lagrangian relaxation, wherein n is the total number of nodes. The method is mainly applied to rapidly solving the problem of division of the optimal islands of the distribution system containing distributed generation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to intelligent distribution, new forms of energy, specifically relate to the distribution system isolated island formation method that contains distributed power source.
Background technology
(Distributed Generation, introducing DG) has brought appreciable impact for the operation of power distribution network and user's power supply reliability to distributed power generation.After distributed power generation is incorporated into the power networks, under fault and emergency situation, can take the measure of system's parallel off, carry out islet operation, thereby reduce dead electricity scope and interruption duration, improve the power supply reliability of system.The distributed power generation technology is in the ascendant, and the new technology that the quick solution of seeking a practicality contains the optimum isolated island partition problem of distributed power generation distribution system becomes relevant scholar's research focus.Literary composition [1] has proposed to utilize the whole thinking of the state realization self adaptation islet operation of DG and load.Literary composition [2] is through to being that the traversal of the power circle at center is confirmed to satisfy power-balance and recovered the maximum isolated island scheme of equivalent Payload with DG.But, when DG more for a long time, be that the power circle at center possibly intersect with different DG, will obtain different isolated island schemes for the different disposal of intersection load.Literary composition [3] will be that the adjacent isolated island that the center is divided merges with different DG, solve the problem that the power circle intersects; But in the isolated island partition process, do not take into account constraintss such as voltage and equipment ampacity.Literary composition [4] has proposed the depth-first search isolated island partitioning algorithm based on tree-model, and the root node of tree-model is the fault point.And check processes voltage after utilizing initial isolated island to form and the constraint of equipment ampacity.From algorithm flow, the isolated island search procedure of literary composition [3,4] is all given tacit consent to load and is uncontrollable load.Literary composition [5] has proposed to take into account the isolated island partitioning algorithm based on heuristic thinking of load controllability and load priority level, and avoids voltage and equipment ampacity out-of-limit through check and adjusting.But this algorithm can only form an isolated island, isolated island larger, and net decreases heavier.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiency of prior art; A kind of distribution system isolated island formation method that contains distributed power source is provided; The technical scheme that the present invention takes is; At first utilize to comprise a plurality of tree knapsack problem Tree Knapsack Problem, isolated island foundation and the isolated island merging process of being abbreviated as TKP obtain initial isolated island splitting scheme; Then initial isolated island is analyzed accordingly and adjusted, and obtain final isolated island scheme; Said to obtain initial isolated island splitting scheme be to adopt branch-bound algorithm to find the solution TKP, and its process is: at first find the solution the key item Critical-item of TKP, utilize the Lagrange relaxation method then in polynomial time, promptly computing time, complexity was O (n
2), n representes the node sum, finds the upper bound of TKP.
The said distribution system isolated island formation method that contains distributed power source further is refined as:
(1) structure of initial optimum isolated island
1. form Fault Isolation fault down stream distribution system tree-model afterwards: the DG that selects wherein to have maximum average output power is as root node; All the other DG are as branch node; The weights of DG node and demand all are made as zero; With weights in the tree is that zero node and its father node merges, and obtains simplifying equivalent tree-model;
Thereby 2. utilize the said branch-bound algorithm of 3.3 joints to calculate the corresponding TKP that simplifies the equivalence tree and obtain an optimum isolated island, this TKP is the Demand Constraint limit value with the power output of root node DG;
If 3. 2. the node number of the isolated island that obtains of step then is punctured into a new DG node with this isolated island greater than 1, its average output power DG power output total amount in the isolated island for this reason deducts load total amount wherein; Otherwise, root node DG is carried out mark;
If 4. all DG all are labeled in the present situation tree; Forward the 5. step to; Otherwise; With the node reduction that in tree-model simplification process, merges in the present situation tree, the DG node of selecting to have peak power output in the DG set that from the present situation tree, is not labeled forms new tree-model as root node, and all the other are not labeled DG as branch node; The weights of DG node and demand all are made as zero; With weights in the tree is that zero node and its father node merges, and obtains simplifying equivalent tree-model, and turns back to the 2. step;
5. isolated island merges: after a plurality of isolated islands are set up; If certain load L and some DG are formed by the isolated island equivalence, directly link to each other; The power P L that this load is described is greater than the average output power that is attached thereto arbitrary DG; Suppose that the average output power sum with all DG of linking to each other of load L is PS, under following two kinds of situation, carry out the isolated island merging:
Load L is a controllable burden;
Load L is uncontrollable load, PL≤PS;
Isolated island merges the L that is about to load and is merged into a new DG node with the DG node that directly links to each other with it, and promptly two or more isolated islands are merged into an isolated island, thereby realizes that L is a controllable burden to the part of the L that loads, and PL＞PS or whole-comprise that PL≤PS supplies power;
If the DG node power that obtains after merging, turns to the 4. step greater than zero; Otherwise the isolated island building process finishes, and changes (2) step;
(2) if the dump power of some isolated island is non-vanishing in the initial isolated island scheme, the sub-load that has the controllable burden point of limit priority around it is added in the initial isolated island scheme; Otherwise change (3) step;
(3) the maximum DG in each independent isolated island is set to slack bus separately in the initial scheme; Other DG node is set to the PV node; Carry out the trend of initial isolated island and calculate,, then suitably excise the low part controllable burden of priority as if exerting oneself of slack bus DG in each isolated island in the calculation of tidal current greater than its EIAJ; Up to making exerting oneself of slack bus DG equal its EIAJ for a short time; If some node voltage in the isolated island is out-of-limit, overload appears in some circuit, then regulates the low controllable burden of part priority of DG voltage in the isolated island, reactive power compensator and cut-out overload circuit downstream; Up to make system can safe operation till, DG is distributed power generation Distributed Generation abbreviation.
The present invention possesses following technique effect:
The model that the present invention set up has been taken into account priority, the controllability/uncontrollability of load, and power-balance, voltage, the constraint of equipment ampacity, meets actual engine request;
Computing time, complexity was relatively low.Compare based on the isolated island partition strategy of heuristic with existing, the present invention recovers important load proportion and has significant advantage with recovery load total amount.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 contains the 69 node distribution systems of the U.S. PG&E of distributed power generation.
Fig. 2 comprises the present situation tree of G1.
Fig. 3 comprises the present situation tree of G1 and G2.
Fig. 4 comprises the present situation tree of G1, G2, G4.
Fig. 5 contains the optimum initial isolated island splitting scheme of distribution system of many DG.
The isolated island splitting scheme that Fig. 6 utilizes document [3] method to obtain.
The isolated island splitting scheme that Fig. 7 utilizes document [5] method to obtain.
Embodiment
Optimum isolated island partition strategy can be brought into play the advantage of distributed power source to greatest extent, makes important load between age at failure, preferentially obtain service restoration, makes the load total amount that restores electricity maximum simultaneously.But along with the increase of system scale, finding the solution of optimum isolated island partition problem faces " dimension disaster " problem, the ten minutes difficulty that the acquisition of optimum isolated island will become.Therefore, the objective of the invention is to seek a kind of applicable approximate closed-form expression and come to confirm fast optimum isolated island splitting scheme.
The present invention adopts two-stage policy to handle to contain the isolated island partition problem of distributed power generation: at first utilize comprise a plurality of tree knapsack problems (Tree Knapsack Problem, isolated island TKP) is set up and the isolated island merging process obtains initial isolated island splitting scheme; Then initial isolated island is analyzed accordingly and adjusted, and obtain final isolated island scheme.The present invention adopts branch-bound algorithm to find the solution TKP; Its process is: the key item (Critical-item) of at first finding the solution TKP; Utilize the Lagrange relaxation method in polynomial time (O (n2)), to find the upper bound of TKP then, provided the detailed process of finding the solution TKP on this basis based on the branch-and-bound strategy.The flow process of present technique method is following:
(1) structure of initial optimum isolated island
1. form Fault Isolation fault down stream distribution system tree-model afterwards.The DG that selects wherein to have maximum average output power is as root node, and all the other DG are as branch node.The weights of DG node and demand all are made as zero.With weights in the tree is that zero node and its father node merges, and obtains simplifying equivalent tree-model.
Thereby 2. utilize the said branch-bound algorithm of 3.3 joints to calculate the corresponding TKP that simplifies the equivalence tree and obtain an optimum isolated island.This TKP is the Demand Constraint limit value with the power output of root node DG.
If 3. 2. the node number of the isolated island that obtains of step then is punctured into a new DG node with this isolated island greater than 1, its average output power DG power output total amount in the isolated island for this reason deducts load total amount wherein; Otherwise, root node DG is carried out mark;
If 4. all DG all are labeled in the present situation tree; Forward the 5. step to; Otherwise with the node reduction that in tree-model simplification process, merges in the present situation tree, the DG node of selecting to have peak power output in the DG set that from the present situation tree, is not labeled forms new tree-model as root node, and all the other are not labeled DG as branch node.The weights of DG node and demand all are made as zero.With weights in the tree is that zero node and its father node merges, and obtains simplifying equivalent tree-model, and turns back to the 2. step.
5. isolated island merges: after a plurality of isolated islands were set up, if certain load L directly links to each other with some DG (being formed by the isolated island equivalence), the power P L that this load is described was greater than the average output power that is attached thereto arbitrary DG.Suppose that the average output power sum with all DG of linking to each other of load L is PS, under following two kinds of situation, carry out the isolated island merging:
Load L is a controllable burden;
Load L is uncontrollable load, PL≤PS.
Isolated island merges the L that is about to load and is merged into a new DG node with the DG node that directly links to each other with it, and promptly two (or a plurality of) isolated islands are merged into an isolated island, thereby realizes that (L is a controllable burden, and PL＞PS) or whole (PL≤PS) supply power for part to the L that loads.
If the DG node power that obtains after merging, turns to the 4. step greater than zero; Otherwise the isolated island building process finishes, and changes (2) step.
(2) if non-vanishing (can the improvement of dump power of some isolated island in the initial isolated island scheme here; If the ratio of power supply is greater than certain set point in dump power and the isolated island; Also carry out this step operation otherwise dump power is very little; Meaningless), the sub-load that has the controllable burden point of limit priority around it is added in the initial isolated island scheme; Otherwise change (3) step.
(3) the maximum DG in each independent isolated island is set to slack bus separately in the initial scheme, and other DG node is set to the PV node, carries out the trend of initial isolated island and calculates.As if exerting oneself of slack bus DG in each isolated island in the calculation of tidal current, then suitably excise the low part controllable burden of priority, up to making exerting oneself of slack bus DG equal its EIAJ for a short time greater than its EIAJ.If some node voltage in the isolated island is out-of-limit, overload appears in some circuits, then regulates the low controllable burden of part priority of DG voltage in the isolated island, reactive power compensator and cut-out overload circuit downstream, up to make system can safe operation till.This scheme is final isolated island splitting scheme.
Fig. 1 contains the 69 node distribution systems of the U.S. PG&E of distributed power generation.
Table 1 load priority
| One |
6、9、12、18、42、51、57 |
| Three type loads | 7、10、11、13、16、22、43、45～48 |
| Two type loads | All the other nodes |
The controlled type of table 2 load
| Controllable burden | 13、26、27、39、40、41、43、44、53～58 |
| 40% |
11、21、38、48 |
| Uncontrollable load | All the other nodes |
Three-phase earth fault has taken place in circuit 3-4 place, and the protection correct operation is with Fault Isolation, thus system's dead electricity of fault down stream.
The said isolated island partition strategy of joint carries out the isolated island division of system shown in Figure 1 fault down stream system in the utilization, and concrete steps and result are following:
1) be the directed tree model T1 that root node forms the fault down stream system with current power supply DG4 with maximum average output power, wherein the weights of these three DG nodes of DG1～DG3 and demand all are made as zero.Node set 4,5,15,19,23,25,36,45～47,59,52, the demand of each node all is zero among DG1～DG3}, can be harmonious with its father node and obtain simplifying the equivalence tree.Based on simplifying the equivalence tree, utilize branch-bound algorithm to calculate and comprise DG4 and load bus { the isolated island S1 of 50～52}.
2) S1 is shrunk to a new DG node G1, the power of G1 is 24kW.The present situation tree that S1 is shunk afterwards is illustrated in fig. 2 shown below:
3) be that root node obtains new tree-model T2 with current power supply DG3 with maximum average output power, wherein the weights of DG1, DG2, these three DG nodes of G1 and demand all are made as zero.Removing demand is zero node, obtains simplifying the equivalence tree.Comprise that based on simplifying the equivalence tree, utilizing branch-bound algorithm to calculate DG3 and load bus gather that { 12～20,57,58} is at interior isolated island S2;
4) S2 is shrunk to a new DG node G2, the power of G2 is 16.5kW.The present situation tree that S2 shrinks afterwards is as shown in Figure 3.
5) be that root node forms new directed tree model T3 with current power supply DG1, because the weights of load bus 36,4,5 are zero, so these three points are merged to root node with maximum average output power.Remove node 36,4, after 5, DG1 directly links to each other with DG2, so DG2 also is integrated into root node, the DG after the merging is referred to as G3 will be as root node, the average output power of G3 is the summation of DG1 and DG2 average output power: 300kW.Removing other demands is zero node, obtains simplifying the equivalence tree.Based on simplifying the equivalence tree, { 4～9,36～37,40～44} is at interior isolated island S3, and wherein, all controllable burdens of three category nodes 43 are excised to utilize branch-bound algorithm to obtain comprising G3 and load bus.
6) S3 is shrunk to a new DG node G4, the power of G4 is 0.55kW.The present situation tree that S3 is shunk afterwards is illustrated in fig. 4 shown below.
7) be that root node forms tree-model with G4, G2, G1 successively, the optimum isolated island that searches all is a root node itself, therefore, and beginning isolated island merging process.All load buses all directly link to each other with a DG at most, need not to carry out isolated island and merge, and initial isolated island makes up and finishes.
7) in the initial isolated island scheme, the dump power of S1 is 24kW, load 49 with 53 with the S1 next-door neighbour, 53 are even loaded is controllable burden, so the dump energy 24kW of S1 is offered load point 53; The dump power of S2 is 16.5kW, load point 11 and 21 and S2 next-door neighbour, 21 even load contain controllable burden, and priority is higher, so the dump energy 16.5kW of S2 is offered load point 21.The dump power of S3 is 0.55kW, load point 38,10,45 and S3 next-door neighbour, and 38 of load point even load contain controllable burden, and priority is higher, so be that 0.55kW offers load point 38 with the dump power of S3.So far, the Load Regulation process finishes, and the dump power of three independent isolated islands all is zero.Isolated island after the Load Regulation is divided initial scheme and is illustrated in fig. 5 shown below.
Whether can occur in verification each isolated island of isolated island splitting scheme shown in Figure 5 that node voltage is out-of-limit, apparatus overload and power-balance problem.Be made as slack bus to the DG that has EIAJ in each isolated island, other DG is made as the PV node, carries out corresponding trend and calculates; Result of calculation shows, does not occur the out-of-limit situation of node voltage in S1, S2, the S3; The line loss of S1, S2, S3 is respectively 3.67kW, 2.079kW, 0.566kW.Because not considering the dump power of S1, S2, S3 under the situation of loss is zero,, need the cut-out load for guaranteeing that isolated island can normally move.Load point 53,13,40 is two or three type loads and is controllable burden that so the sub-load of excision load point 53,13,40, the power of excision is respectively: 4kW, 2.1kW, 0.6kW.Calculate once more, the line loss of S1, S2, S3 is respectively 3.665kW, 2.06kW, 0.56kW; The dump power of taking into account S1 after the loss, S2, S3 is respectively 0.335kW, 0.04kW, 0.04kW, and each node voltage and line power all meet the requirements, and isolated island can normally move.
Therefore, the load power of load point 53,13,40 in the initial isolated island scheme shown in Figure 5 is adjusted to 20kW, 5.9kW, 39.9kW from 24kW, 8kW, 40.5kW respectively and promptly obtain final isolated island splitting scheme.Final isolated island splitting scheme has comprised three isolated islands, and wherein, DG1 and DG2 are drawn in same isolated island.Important load as 6,9,12,18,42, when 51} obtains service restoration, major part receives the load of fault effects to obtain service restoration.
For relatively, adopt literary composition [3] and [5] described isolated island partition strategy that Fig. 1 system is carried out isolated island respectively and divide, its result is respectively like Fig. 6, and is shown in Figure 7.
Come comparison from recovering load total amount aspect, the present invention's total amount of recovering to load is 1993.3kW; And recover the load total amount by the scheme as shown in Figure 6 of literary composition [3] method gained is 951.25kW.Main cause is that the power demand of node 50 in the system is 1244kW, and still because this load is uncontrollable load, { after DG4,51,52,53, the 54} formation, the dump power of DG4 can't obtain utilizing at initial isolated island.Consider from the angle of priority restores important load power supply, the present invention recovered important load 6,9,12,18,42,51, the power supply of 57}, and Fig. 6 scheme only recovered important load 6,9,18,42, the power supply of 51}.
Obtain scheme as shown in Figure 7 by literary composition [5] method, calculate check through trend, the out-of-limit and apparatus overload of node voltage does not appear in this isolated island, and the isolated island system losses are 11.36kW.Wherein, for satisfying power-balance, whole controllable burdens that node 13,43,44,11 is connected and 48 company headquarters divide controllable burden (13kW) to be excised.It is 1986.85kW that this scheme is recovered the load total amount, less than the load total amount of 1993.3kW that the present invention recovers.Main cause is: DG apart from each other in this example, if being connected into a network, all DG increase the isolated island scale on foot, and the net of isolated island decreases and becomes big thereupon, and the electric energy that is used for service restoration reduces.Comparatively speaking, the net of the isolated island scheme that provides of the present invention decrease for 6.029K be 53% of Fig. 7 scheme.
Claims (1)
1. a distribution system isolated island formation method that contains distributed power source is characterized in that, at first utilizes to comprise a plurality of tree knapsack problem Tree Knapsack Problem, and isolated island foundation and the isolated island merging process of being abbreviated as TKP obtain initial isolated island splitting scheme; Then initial isolated island is analyzed accordingly and adjusted, and obtain final isolated island scheme, the said solution procedure that obtains final isolated island scheme, can be broken down as follows:
(1) structure of initial isolated island
1. form Fault Isolation fault down stream distribution system tree-model afterwards: the DG that selects wherein to have maximum average output power is as root node DG; All the other DG are as branch node; The weights of DG branch node and demand all are made as zero; With weights in the tree is that zero node and its father node merges, and obtains simplifying equivalent tree-model;
Thereby 2. utilize branch-bound algorithm to calculate the corresponding TKP that simplifies the equivalence tree and obtain an initial isolated island, this TKP is the Demand Constraint limit value with the power output of root node DG;
If 3. 2. the node number of the isolated island that obtains of step then is punctured into a new DG node with this isolated island greater than 1, its average output power DG node power output total amount in the isolated island for this reason deducts load total amount wherein; Otherwise, root node DG is carried out mark;
If 4. all DG nodes all are labeled in the present situation tree; Forward the 5. step to; Otherwise; With the node reduction that in tree-model simplification process, merges in the present situation tree, the DG node of selecting to have peak power output in the DG node set that from the present situation tree, is not labeled forms new tree-model as root node DG, and all the other are not labeled the DG node as branch node; The weights of DG node and demand all are made as zero; With weights in the tree is that zero node and its father node merges, and obtains simplifying equivalent tree-model, and turns back to the 2. step;
5. isolated island merges: after a plurality of isolated islands are set up; If certain load L directly links to each other with some DG nodes that formed by the isolated island equivalence; The power P L that this load is described is greater than the average output power that is attached thereto arbitrary DG node; Suppose that the average output power sum with all DG nodes of linking to each other of load L is PS, under following two kinds of situation, carry out the isolated island merging:
Load L is a controllable burden;
Load L is uncontrollable load, PL≤PS;
Isolated island merges the L that is about to load and is merged into a new DG node with the DG node that directly links to each other with it, and promptly two or more isolated islands are merged into an isolated island, thus (i) when the L that loads be controllable burden, during and PL＞PS, realization restores electricity to the sub-load of the L that loads; (ii) when PL≤PS, realize whole power supplies to load L;
If the DG node power that obtains after merging, turns to the 4. step greater than zero; Otherwise initial isolated island building process finishes, and changes (2) step;
(2) if the dump power of some isolated island is non-vanishing in the initial isolated island scheme, the sub-load that has the controllable burden point of limit priority around it is added in the initial isolated island scheme; Otherwise change (3) step;
(3) the maximum DG node in each independent isolated island is set to slack bus separately in the initial scheme; Other DG node is set to the PV node; Carry out the trend of initial isolated island and calculate,, then suitably excise the low part controllable burden of priority as if exerting oneself of slack bus DG in each isolated island in the calculation of tidal current greater than its EIAJ; Up to making the exerting oneself of slack bus DG smaller or equal to its EIAJ; If some node voltage in the isolated island is out-of-limit, overload appears in some circuit, then regulates the low controllable burden of part priority of DG node voltage in the isolated island, reactive power compensator and cut-out overload circuit downstream; Up to make system can safe operation till, DG is distributed power generation Distributed Generation abbreviation.
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| CN107069801B (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2019-09-24 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of power distribution network isolated island division methods based on minimum Custom interruption cost |
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