CN101985081A - Method for separating radon from xenon by using carbon molecular sieve - Google Patents
Method for separating radon from xenon by using carbon molecular sieve Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for separating radon from xenon by using a carbon molecular sieve. When a dynamic adsorption performance difference separation method is adopted, 20 to 200 ppm xenon needs to be prepared and flows through a carbon molecular sieve absorption bed, the effluent concentration of the xenon is detected every 4 to 5 minutes, and a dynamic absorption coefficient kd of the xenon and a Xe value are computed; and gas which contains 40*10<4> to 80*10<4> Bq/m<3> of radon is taken, flows through a 13X molecular sieve bed, is dehydrated and enters a carbon molecular sieve bed, the concentration of effluent radon is detected, and a dynamic absorption coefficient kd of the radon and an Rn value are detected. When a desorption separation method is adopted, an absorption bed which has absorbed the radon and the xenon is vacuumized until the pressure reaches 10 to 30 kPa, is heated at the temperature of between 220 and 280 DEG C and is maintained for 20 to 60 minutes, the radon and the xenon are eluted by using high-purity nitrogen with the speed of 5 to 10 cm/minute, and the concentration of the radon and the xenon is detected and the volume is computed so as to separate the radon from the xenon according to volume difference. When a A+B radon removal separation method is adopted, an absorption bed which contains the radon and the xenon is treated by using a desorption volume method so as to separate the radon from the xenon; desorption gas flows through the carbon molecular sieve bed connected in series through the 13X molecular sieve absorption bed, the radon is retained on a radon absorption bed, and the xenon is retained on the xenon absorption bed; and the separation efficiency of the radon from the xenon achieves over 95 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the separation of inert gas, is that adsorbent is filled adsorbent bed with the carbon molecular sieve, adopts three kinds of separate modes that radon, xenon-133 gas are effectively separated, for environmental monitoring and ecological protection provide various technological service.
Background technology
Literature search discloses: it number is the patent of 98113266.9 " NACF is used to adsorb the new method of xenon " that the Deng Ji of Zhongshan University bravely waits the people to invent, be disclosed in the system of vacuum, NACF is contacted with the xenon of different pressures and adsorb a period of time, reach the purpose of enrichment xenon.In addition people's invention such as the German Alfred Wan Na of Linde AG number is the patent of CN1929455 " obtaining the method for krypton and/or xenon by the cryogenic separation of air ", it is the air that to compress and to be cleaned, import one and be used for the distillation system that nitrogen-oxygen separates, extract the concentrate of krypton-xenon body through devices such as high-pressure tower, lower pressure column, evaporimeters.The method of at present known enrichment radon also is to adopt activated charcoal to adsorb at ambient temperature, is used to study the eduction rate of radon.Therefore say that radon is the important technology of enrichment xenon, active carbon and carbon molecular sieve that the present invention adopts, the ability of specific activity charcoal fiber adsorbs xenon is eager to excel.Because radon and xenon all are inert gases, content is low, in active carbon that carries out xenon or carbon molecular sieve adsorption and enrichment process, needs to adopt adsorption separation technology, radon is separated remove.Three kinds of separate modes of realizing xenon and radon that the present invention adopts; both can be used for removing in the place xenon enrichment process such as nuclear reactor, nuclear power station the research of radon design and precipitation rate of radon; the research of radon etc. falls in also suitable uranium ore and high radon place, for environmental monitoring, Chemical Manufacture and ecological protection provide new technological means and measure.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: provide carbon molecular sieve to be used for the method for three kinds of separation of radon xenon-133 gas; rationally reliable, simple operation is highly improved the utilization rate of instrument and device; also, important practice significance is arranged for environmental monitoring and ecological protection increase new measure.
The present invention seeks to realize like this: a kind of carbon molecular sieve is used for the separation method of radon and xenon, removes the clastotype of radon with A, B, A+B; All adopt the adsorbent bed of carbon molecular sieve, verify its separating effect after testing;
A, dynamic adsorption differential separation method:
(1) compound concentration was the xenon-133 gas of 20-200ppm, and the carbon molecular sieve adsorbent bed of flowing through detected it and flows out concentration every 4-5 minute; Obtain the elution curve of xenon, calculate the dynamic adsorption coefficient k of xenon
D, XeValue;
(2) get and contain radon 40 * 10
4-80 * 10
4Bq/m
3Gas, through the 13X molecular sieve bed, remove moisture in the gas, enter the carbon molecular sieve bed then, measure the concentration that flows out radon with emanometer, obtain the elution curve of radon, calculate the dynamic adsorption coefficient k of radon
D, RnValue;
The partition method of B, desorption performance difference:
With adsorbing the adsorbent bed of radon and xenon, vacuumize 10-30kPa, heat 220-280 ℃, kept 20-60 minute, with 5-10cm/ minute high pure nitrogen, wash-out radon and xenon-133 gas, measure the concentration of xenon and radon again with chromatogram and emanometer, and calculate the elution volume of radon and xenon; With volume difference, realize separating of xenon and radon;
C, A+B remove the partition method of radon
In conjunction with A, B partition method, its desorb contains the adsorbent bed of radon and xenon, and control desorption gas volume is realized separating of radon and xenon; Flow through the successively adsorbent bed of 13X sieve adsorpting bed, series connection of desorption gas, radon is adsorbed on the radon adsorbent bed, and xenon is adsorbed on the xenon adsorbent bed, realizes separating of radon and xenon.
Described separation method, the long 40-80cm of adsorbent bed, internal diameter 0.8cm, loading amount 7-13g, constant temperature 0-50 ℃, gas flow is at 180-230cm
3Under/minute the condition, the radon that obtains, the dynamic adsorption coefficient k of xenon
D, Rn, k
D, XeDiffer greatly.
Described separation method, carbon molecular sieve need to dry 3-5 hour at 180-220 ℃ before use, the removal of impurity, cooling, filling adsorbent bed, logical nitrogen activation under 200-220 ℃ temperature.
Described separation method, the carbon molecular sieve of selecting for use, 13X molecular sieve are the commercially available prod, adsorbent bed is self-control.
The realization of design of the present invention and method, the base attribute and the principle of material have been utilized, instrument having been carried out writing the utilization of effect probes into, three kinds of separation methods of the radon xenon-133 gas that design is finished are specially: the one, and radon, xenon dynamic adsorption differential separation method, utilize the difference of radon and the xenon dynamic adsorption on adsorbent, the series connection adsorbent bed of design, when mist is flowed through, radon is adsorbed and is retained in the radon adsorbent bed, the xenon radon xenon adsorbent bed of flowing through, kept by the xenon adsorbent bed, realize separating of radon and xenon.The 2nd, radon, xenon desorption performance differential separation method: utilize the difference of radon and xenon desorption performance under the different desorption temperatures, during heating desorption, make xenon flow out adsorbent bed fully and radon is retained on the adsorbent bed, realize separating of radon and xenon.The 3rd, in conjunction with radon, xenon dynamic adsorption and the desorption performance differential separation radon and the xenon of above-mentioned one, two methods, in the multistage enrichment process of xenon, remove radon, make except that radon thorough.
The present invention utilizes radon to separate radon and xenon with the dynamic adsorption coefficient difference or the desorb volume difference of xenon on adsorbent, and separation factor is 20-100, and separating effect is obvious; If two kinds of methods of separating radon and xenon are used in combination, radon contents is 10000Bq/m
3The time, the radon separation factor that single separates can reach 10
4-10
5, the radon separation factor of twice separation can be greater than 10
5
Technical characterstic of the present invention:
A, radon, xenon dynamic adsorption differential separation method
(1) chromatograph is measured xenon; Adopt the HP6890 thermal conductivity detector (TCD), chromatographic column is the PORAPAK Q (60~80 order) of long 2m external diameter 3mm, 90 ℃ of column temperatures, H
2The flow velocity of carrier gas is 10cm
3/ minute, tail blows 2cm
3/ minute, reference flow 35cm
3/ minute, sample size is 1cm
3, detector temperature is 205 ℃.
(2) the dynamic adsorption coefficient K of xenon
dMensuration
With high purity nitrogen (helium) and xenon gas (concentration range 2-10000ppm), utilize the flowmeter compound concentration to test xenon for 20-200ppm; Detect the outflow concentration of its xenon in 4-5 minute, utilize formula k
d=Ft
m/ M calculates dynamic adsorption coefficient k
D, Xe
In the formula: k
d-dynamic adsorption coefficient (cm
3/ g); F-gas flow (cm
3/ minute); t
mTime when-radon and xenon have just flowed out adsorbent bed (minute); The quality (g) of the dry adsorbent of M-.
(3) the dynamic adsorption coefficient K of radon
dMensuration
Radon is identical with the xenon experiment condition, and extracting high concentration radon gas body from radon chamber is 40 * 10
4-80 * 10
4Bq/m
3, make it to flow through the 13X molecular sieve bed, remove moisture, the adsorbent bed of flowing through, radon is adsorbed, and with the concentration of radon in the emanometer measurement eluting gas, calculates dynamic adsorption coefficient k
D, Rn
(4) volume of radon, xenon separates
Gas volume V for pending also needs V
1The nitrogen of volume makes xenon wash-out fully from the radon adsorbent bed.If radon adsorbent bed adsorbent loading amount is m
1, xenon adsorbent bed adsorbent loading amount is m
2, calculate by retention volume:
m
2×k
d,Xe=V ①
m
1×k
d,Rn=V+V
1 ②
m
1×k
d,Xe=V
1 ③
Separate 1., 2., 3. equation, can obtain m
1, m
2With nitrogen volume V
1Under the diameter big principle 10 times or more of adsorbent bed diameter, design two adsorbent beds than absorbent particles.
B, radon, xenon desorption performance differential separation method
The adsorbent bed that adsorbs radon and xenon is vacuumized 10-30kPa, heat 180-320 ℃, kept 20-60 minute, use 5-10cm/ minute high pure nitrogen wash-out radon and xenon-133 gas then, use chromatogram and emanometer respectively, measure, calculate the elution volume of radon and xenon, because of difference bigger, can control the desorption gas volume, realize separating of xenon and radon.
C, A+B remove the separation method of radon
In conjunction with the separation method of A, B, utilize radon to separate radon and xenon with the dynamic adsorption coefficient difference or the desorb volume difference of xenon on adsorbent, separation factor is 20-100, separating effect is obvious; If two kinds of separation methods are used in combination, the radon separation factor can be greater than 10
5
The separation method of the present invention design had both utilized the base attribute and the principle of material, combining with the objective reality operation again, and realize test and probe into process, three kinds of methods that the radon that design is finished separates with xenon-133 gas, reliable, quick, practical, show technological progress.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.The specific embodiment of radon xenon-133 gas separation method is as follows:
1-high pure nitrogen bottle among Fig. 1,2-standard xenon gas cylinder, 3-pressure-reducing valve, 4-spinner flowmeter, 5,11-ball valve, 6-pressure sensor, 7-thermostat, 8-adsorbent bed, 9-chromatogram sampling system, 10-flow divider.
1-radon chamber among Fig. 2,2-admission line, 3-filter, 4-sampling pump, 5-flow integrator, 6-flow controller, 7-13X molecular sieve bed, 8-carbon molecular sieve adsorbent bed, 9-thermostat, 10-emanometer.
Accompanying drawing 3 is for utilizing k
dThe radon of design separates schematic diagram with xenon;
1-air compressor machine or other source of the gas among Fig. 3,2, the 4-pressure-reducing valve, 3-high pure nitrogen, 5-flow controller, 6-flow integrator, 7-13X sieve adsorpting bed, 8-radon adsorbent bed, 9, the 11-thermostat, 10-xenon adsorbent bed.
1-nitrogen cylinder among Fig. 4,2-pressure-reducing valve, 3-spinner flowmeter, 4-mass flow controller, 5-flow integrator, 7-muffle furnace, 6,10,11, the 14-valve, 8-carbon molecular sieve adsorbent bed, 9-chromatogram sampling system, 12-vavuum pump, 13-emanometer.
Accompanying drawing 5 removes the experiment schematic diagram of radon for A+B;
1-nitrogen cylinder among Fig. 5,2-pressure-reducing valve, 3-flow controller, 4-flow integrator, 5,6,9,11, the 17-valve, 7-muffle furnace, 8,14-xenon adsorbent bed, 10-vavuum pump, 12-13X sieve adsorpting bed, 13-radon adsorbent bed, 15, the 16-thermostat.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment
Experiment condition: carbon molecular sieve needs to remove moisture impurity 200 ℃ of oven dry 4 hours before use, changes in the drier and cools off, the adsorbent bed of packing into, logical nitrogen activation under 210 ℃ temperature.
Embodiment:
A: dynamic adsorption differential separation method
1. prepare the gas that xenon concentration is 100ppm, the carbon molecular sieve adsorbent bed of flowing through detected it and flows out concentration every 5 minutes; Calculate the dynamic adsorption coefficient k of xenon
dValue.
2. get high concentration radon gas body 60 * 10
4Bq/m
3, through the 13X molecular sieve bed, the branch that anhydrates is gone into the carbon molecular sieve bed, measures the concentration that flows out radon with emanometer, calculates the dynamic adsorption coefficient k of radon
dValue.
B: the partition method of desorption performance difference
With adsorbing the adsorbent bed of radon and xenon, vacuumize 20kPa, heat 300 ℃, kept 40 minutes, with 18cm/ minute high pure nitrogen, wash-out radon and xenon-133 gas, measure the concentration of xenon and radon again with chromatogram and emanometer, and calculate the elution volume of radon and xenon; With volume difference, realize separating of xenon and radon.
C:A+B removes the partition method of radon
The adsorbent bed that will contain radon and xenon vacuumizes, heating, wash-out, control desorb volume, realizes separating first of radon and xenon; The desorption gas 13X sieve adsorpting bed of flowing through removes moisture in the gas; The carbon molecular sieve bed of flowing through and connecting, radon is stayed on the radon adsorbent bed, and xenon is stayed on the xenon adsorbent bed, realizes the secondary separation of radon and xenon.
2, operating procedure:
One, the dynamic adsorption coefficient determination step of xenon
(1), checks that the gas circuit sealing can experimentize by the gas circuit that connects shown in Figure 1.
(2) open the power supply of low temperature thermostat bath, setting its temperature is 25 ℃, stablizes about 20 minutes.
(3) open chromatograph and work station, treat to carry out sample analysis after the baseline stability.
(4) close valve 5 in the gas circuit, open valve 11, regulate flowmeter to required flow, valve-off 11 then, open valve 5, allow mist flow through adsorbent bed and enter the chromatogram quantification pipe, the record duration of ventilation.
(5) regulate the flow divider of adsorbent bed end, observe the pressure gauge that is connected with the chromatograph quantity tube, make it than the high 1-2kPa of atmospheric pressure, make the fraction gas chromatogram quantification pipe of flowing through, most of gas is by the flow divider emptying.
(6) carry out continuous routine analyzer, record condition and parameter.
(7) when the xenon peak area no longer changes in the eluting gas, show the saturated adsorbs xenon of adsorbent bed, finish sample analysis.
(8) soap-foam flowmeter is connected on the terminal flow of measuring of adsorbent bed, reads 8-10 group flow value, average.
(9) handle chromatogram spectrogram,, and calculate time of break-through, half-saturation time and saturation time, 1. calculate the dynamic adsorption coefficient k of adsorbent according to formula according to xenon concentration in the calibration curve calculating eluting gas of xenon
D, Xe
(10) the used adsorbent bed of xenon adsorption experiment is carried out desorb, adsorbent bed is placed Muffle furnace or the baking oven that is heated to assigned temperature 180-320 ℃, heat after 30 minutes, clean with purging with nitrogen gas, be cooled to room temperature.
Two, the dynamic adsorption coefficient determination step of radon
(1), checks that the gas circuit sealing can experimentize by the gas circuit that connects shown in Figure 2.
(2) open the power supply of low temperature thermostat bath, setting its temperature is 25 ℃, and adsorbent bed constant temperature is about 20 minutes.Open the emanometer power supply, Measuring Time is adjusted to 10 minutes stablized emanometer 30 minutes.
(3) open sampling pump, it is identical with the xenon absorption flow to set the flow controller flow, carries out adsorption experiment.Record condition and parameter.
(4) very high and change when little when radon activity in the eluting gas, show the saturated absorption radon of adsorbent bed, finish sample analysis.
(5) soap-foam flowmeter is connected on the terminal flow of measuring of adsorbent bed, reads 8~10 groups of flow values, average.Draw radon absorption elution curve, and calculate time of break-through, 1. calculate the dynamic adsorption coefficient k of adsorbent according to formula
D, Rn
Three, radon and xenon desorb operating procedure
(1) by connection shown in Figure 4, the place connects vavuum pump at the chromatogram quantification pipe, adsorbent bed is vacuumized reach 20kPa, and valve-off 11 is closed vavuum pump; Adsorbent bed is placed Muffle furnace or the baking oven that is heated to assigned temperature, heated again 30 minutes, record pressure; Open N
2With valve 16, be adjusted to target flow<10cm
3/ minute.Valve-off 16 is opened valve 6 and valve 10, measures the concentration of xenon and radon in the desorb eluting gas respectively with chromatograph and emanometer, obtains the desorption curve of radon and xenon.
(2) being lower than 5% of maximum concentration with xenon concentration in the elution curve is standard, determine the delivery time, calculate the desorb volume, compare with the adsorbent bed volume again, obtain desorb volume and bed volume ratio, relatively the size of the desorb volume of radon and xenon is determined desorption temperature and desorption gas volume by control desorb volume separation radon and xenon.
The operating procedure of four, separating radon and xenon in conjunction with said method
(1), checks that the gas circuit sealing can experimentize by the gas circuit that connects shown in Figure 5.Open the power supply of warm Keeping device, setting its temperature is 25 ℃, stablizes about 20 minutes.
(2) valve- off 5,10, open valve 8, and the xenon adsorbent bed is evacuated to 20kPa, close vavuum pump, and valve-off 8 places Muffle furnace or the baking oven that is heated to assigned temperature with adsorbent bed, heat 30 minutes.Open pressure-reducing valve 2 and valve 16, regulate nitrogen flow to setting value, valve-off 16 in turn, open valve 5 and valve 10,17.
(3) as shown in Figure 5, under the situation of gas flow path good seal, gas is by valve 2, flow controller, 13X sieve adsorpting bed (removing impurity such as water and carbon dioxide), flow through radon adsorbent bed and xenon adsorbent bed, radon is adsorbed on the radon adsorbent bed, xenon is adsorbed on the xenon adsorbent bed, when flow integrator is measured gas buildup volume and V (pending gas)+V
1When volume is identical, close pressure-reducing valve 2, valve 5,10,17, close nitrogen.At this moment, xenon is retained in the xenon adsorbent bed, and radon is retained in the radon adsorbent bed, has realized separating of radon and xenon; Can the radon xenon-133 gas on the adsorbent bed 14 further be separated, the process of multistage enrichment xenon is exactly that the radon that remains in the xenon is removed it, and the method is removed radon efficient height, and the amount of removing radon can reach 10 with the ratio that remains in the amount in the xenon
3-10
5, realized that radon and the thorough of xenon separate.
Experiment show:
The long 40cm of carbon molecular sieve bed, internal diameter 0.86cm, loading amount is 10g, gas flow is 200cm
3/ minute condition under, obtain the dynamic adsorption coefficient k of radon, xenon
D, Rn, k
D, Xe, radon, the xenon dynamic adsorption on carbon molecular sieve differs greatly.Calculate 0.5m
3Contain xenon, the required carbon molecular sieve loading amount of radon gas body m
1, m
2With wash-out nitrogen volume V
1, the results are shown in Table.
Table radon, the dynamic adsorption coefficient of xenon on carbon molecular sieve
Claims (4)
1. a carbon molecular sieve is used for the separation method of radon and xenon, it is characterized in that: the clastotype of removing radon with A, B, A+B; All adopt the adsorbent bed of carbon molecular sieve, verify its separating effect after testing;
A, dynamic adsorption differential separation method:
(1) compound concentration was the xenon-133 gas of 20-200ppm, and the carbon molecular sieve adsorbent bed of flowing through detected it and flows out concentration every 4-5 minute; Obtain the elution curve of xenon, calculate the dynamic adsorption coefficient k of xenon
D, XeValue;
(2) get and contain radon 40 * 10
4-80 * 10
4Bq/m
3Gas, through the 13X molecular sieve bed, remove moisture in the gas, enter the carbon molecular sieve bed then, measure the concentration that flows out radon with emanometer, obtain the elution curve of radon, calculate the dynamic adsorption coefficient k of radon
D, RnValue;
The partition method of B, desorption performance difference:
With adsorbing the adsorbent bed of radon and xenon, vacuumize 10-30kPa, heat 220-280 ℃, kept 20-60 minute, with 5-10cm/ minute high pure nitrogen, wash-out radon and xenon-133 gas, measure the concentration of xenon and radon again with chromatogram and emanometer, and calculate the elution volume of radon and xenon; With volume difference, realize separating of xenon and radon;
C, A+B remove the partition method of radon
In conjunction with A, B partition method, its desorb contains the adsorbent bed of radon and xenon, and control desorption gas volume is realized separating of radon and xenon; Flow through the successively adsorbent bed of 13X sieve adsorpting bed, series connection of desorption gas, radon is adsorbed on the radon adsorbent bed, and xenon is adsorbed on the xenon adsorbent bed, realizes separating of radon and xenon.
2. according to the described separation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the long 40-80cm of adsorbent bed, internal diameter 0.8cm, loading amount 7-13g, constant temperature 0-50 ℃, gas flow is at 180-230cm
3Under/minute the condition, the radon that obtains, the dynamic adsorption coefficient k of xenon
D, Rn, k
D, XeDiffer greatly.
3. according to the described separation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: carbon molecular sieve needs to dry 3-5 hour at 180-220 ℃ before use, the removal of impurity, cooling, filling adsorbent bed, logical nitrogen activation under 200-220 ℃ temperature.
4. according to the described separation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the carbon molecular sieve of selecting for use, 13X molecular sieve are the commercially available prod, and adsorbent bed is self-control.
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CN102389683A (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2012-03-28 | 西北核技术研究所 | Method and device for separating krypton from xenon by using active carbon |
CN104181076A (en) * | 2013-05-21 | 2014-12-03 | 江苏核电有限公司 | Measuring method of material's dynamic adsorption coefficient in vacuum state |
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Application publication date: 20110316 |