Wave energy electric generator
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize the electricity generating device of wave energy, particularly a kind of Wave energy electric generator that has high efficiency and high reliability concurrently.
Background technique
At present, mainly there is following problem in use in wave energy generating set: safety reliability and wave energy conversion ratio can not be taken into account, and construction cost is higher, receive the restriction of landform or sea conditions stronger, can not realize scale, commercial application well.
Application number is that the patent application of 200910050526.X discloses a kind of floating cofferdam type wave generating set, and the potential energy of wave and kinetic energy changed into electric energy through hydraulic turbine generator when it utilized tiding.Its defective is: Wave energy electric generator is provided with automatic control system, makes device too complicated, and poor reliability is difficult to realize practical application, and automatic control system itself also has energy consumption.
The development trend of following Wave energy electric generator is: the Wave energy electric generator of development high efficiency, high reliability, low construction cost.This just requires, and Wave energy electric generator is taken into account steadily, wave energy conversion ratio and reliability of structure efficiently, and in wave energy technology is that all right ripe present stage, it is very important that reliability seems, efficient can be hanged down in case of necessity, but still needs higher reliability.Also considered adapts to different sea areas wave and sea conditions simultaneously, reduces cost of electricity-generating, realizes scale, industrialization development.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide the Wave energy electric generator of a kind of high efficiency, high reliability, low construction cost, to adapt to different landform and sea conditions.
Technological scheme of the present invention is: a kind of Wave energy electric generator comprises wave energy collection converting system 1, hydraulic generator system 2 and anchor system 3.
Wave energy is collected converting system 1 and is comprised wet pit 101, draws unrestrained plate 102, gathers ripple plate 103 and outlet pipe 104; Hollow equilateral ten two prism structures of wet pit 101 for surrounding by 12 blocks of side plates 105, its cross section is equilateral 12 prismatics, its top is water intake 106; The bottom is provided with water outlet 107 and bottom platform 108; The wet pit arranged outside is drawn unrestrained plate 102, draws unrestrained plate 102 upper ends and is connected lower end diagonally extending to wet pit base plane with wet pit side plate 105 upper ends; Adjacent joint of drawing unrestrained plate 102 is provided with gathers ripple plate 103, and wet pit water outlet 107 places are provided with to the outlet pipe that extends below 104.
Said to draw unrestrained plate 102 gradients be 2: 3, is suitable for wave and climbs and climb up and over, and draws unrestrained plate 102 and be isosceles trapezoid, and quantity is 12.
The said ripple plate 103 that gathers is irregular quadrilateral, and is preferred irregular trapezoidal, vertically is installed on adjacent joint of drawing unrestrained plate 105, and quantity is 12, and equidistance is arranged.Gather ripple plate 103 and can prevent that not only wave from climbing in the process toward the both sides landing,, and help wave and climb and increase wave height in the process with the wave energy of catching as much as possible.
Said outlet pipe 104 calibers are 1/4 of wet pit water intake 106 radial distances.
Hydraulic generator system 2 comprises water turbine 201, generator 202 and driving mechanism 203, and water turbine 201 is provided with up and down through driving mechanism 203 with generator 202, and water turbine 201 is positioned at the below of generator 202.Generator 202 is installed on the top of wet pit 101 through strut 204, is higher than the water intake 106 of wet pit, and generator 202 is connected with water turbine 201 through driving mechanism 203, and water turbine 201 is positioned at outlet pipe 104.Said driving mechanism 203 comprises transmission shaft 208, the transmission shaft 208 outer axle sleeves 209 that are provided with.Said generator 202 outer installment stuffing box glands 207.The mode that is provided with up and down can reduce the energy loss in transmission process to greatest extent, improves energy ground conversion efficiency.Being provided with of stuffing box gland 207 can avoid in use seawater to the erosion of generator 202, to prolong the working life of generator 202.
Said generator strut 204 quantity are 3 or 6, and strut 204 1 ends are fixedly connected on the generator stuffing box gland 207, and the other end is fixedly connected on wet pit water intake 106 edges.
Said water turbine 201 is an axial flow impeller type turbine 210; Be fixed in the ingress of outlet pipe 104 through bearing 205 and strut 206; Bearing 205 is connected on the bottom platform 108 of wet pit through strut 206; Strut 206 quantity of said bearing 205 are 3, and strut 206 1 ends are fixedly connected on the bearing 205, and the other end is fixedly connected on the wet pit bottom platform 108.
Said axial flow impeller type turbine 210 comprises runner 212 and blade 211, and its blade 211 is installed on its runner 212 perpendicular to the shaft axis of axial flow impeller type turbine, and blade 211 is central concave inward structure; Blade upstream face 213 is the arc shaped surface of indent, and back side 214 is the arc shaped surface of evagination, and the tangent line of arc shaped surface and the angle of shaft axis are 45 °; Blade 211 quantity are 6; Blade 211 chord lengths are 0.45m, and the wide parameter of blade 211 leaves is root 0.21m; End 0.33m, blade 211 tops are circular arc.The axial flow impeller type turbine 210 that the present technique scheme provides can move under low water head difference Δ H=1.5m~2.0m, has reduced the requirement of Wave energy electric generator to head.
Said water turbine 201 is a curved surface bucket formula water turbine 220, and it is fixed in the outlet pipe 104 through bearing 226.Said outlet pipe 104 upper ends are provided with S type guide plate 225, and an end of said guide plate 225 is fixed on the water outlet tube wall, and an end extends to blade 223 upper ends of curved surface bucket formula water turbine 220.When selecting curved surface bucket formula water turbine 220 for use; Said driving mechanism 203 comprises two transmission shafts 208 and two steering bearings 224; Two transmission shafts 208 are distinguished an end separately and are connected generator 202, and the other end is connected through the end of steering bearing 224 with the rotating shaft 222 of curved surface bucket formula water turbine 220.
Said curved surface bucket formula water turbine 220 comprises rotating shaft 222 and blade 223, is provided with shell 221 outside the rotating shaft 222, and blade 223 is installed on the shell 221 perpendicular to the shaft axis of curved surface bucket formula water turbine 220; Blade 223 is a curved-surface structure; The curved surface camber is 45 °, and blade 223 quantity are 8, equidistantly is fixed on the shell 221; Blade 223 chord lengths are 0.13m, and leaf is wide to be 0.3m.The curved surface bucket formula water turbine 220 that the present technique scheme provides can move under low water head difference Δ H=1.5m~2.0m, has reduced the requirement of Wave energy electric generator to head.
Anchor system 3 comprises anchor chain 301, loading suspended block 302 and gravity anchor 303; Gravity anchor 303 is anchored on the sea bed; Anchor chain 301 1 ends are fixed on the gravity anchor 303, and the other end is connected in the angle end of wet pit 101 exterior bottom, and anchor chain 301 is the center with wet pit 101; The distribution that is centrosymmetric, loading suspended block 302 hangs on the anchor chain 301 through short chain 304.Less because of work water depth of the present invention, mean depth is 10m, and without cable wire, it all is superior to cable wire intensity, specific elongation, fracture potential, wear-resisting undermining on the various performances such as corrosion-resistant so adopt anchor chain.Because electricity generating device might receive the active force from all directions, so this anchor system design proposal is selected for use distributed.
Anchor chain 301 quantity of said anchor system 3 are 6, and the preferred M3 of model, anchor chain diameter are 60mm, and the aerial quality of anchor chain 301 unit lengths is 75-80kg/m, and the length of single anchor chain 301 is 27.5m, and the horizontal span of single anchor chain 301 is 22m; The quantity of loading suspended block 302 is 6, and monolithic loading suspended block 302 aerial quality are 1000-1100kg, and loading suspended block 302 is 17.5m apart from the distance of anchor chain 301 lower end; Short chain 304 quantity are the 1-3 root; The sinker that gravity anchor 303 is processed for reinforced concrete.Because of the seabed substrate in electricity generating device predetermined work marine site is a basement rock, adopt the anchor of general pattern to be difficult to make anchor fluke to stretch into substrate and obtain enough big grip; And adopt pile need carry out underwater construction, construction cost is heightened.For this reason, confirm to use gravity anchor 303, the sinker that promptly uses reinforced concrete to process replaces anchor.As long as gravity anchor 303 has enough negative buoyancys marine, lean on himself gravity can guarantee the reliability of anchoring, not sliding during the assurance device proper functioning drags of anchor, and can suitably be subjected to displacement extreme environment under, only needs assurance device that drift does not take place and loses.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: (1) the invention belongs to the floating type Wave energy electric generator, and the wave energy utilization ratio is high, goes for different sea situations and depth condition, not influenced by tidal range, can realize commercially producing, and reduces cost of electricity-generating; (2) the wave energy conversion ratio is higher; Respectively draw unrestrained plate composition shuttle table type and draw unrestrained face, can absorb the wave of different incident directions and frequency, simultaneously; Be assemblied in and draw gathering the ripple plate and both can prevent that wave from collecting more wave energy toward the both sides landing and can raise climbing of wave simultaneously on the unrestrained face; Help the more unrestrained of wave, collect more wave energy, improve the wave energy conversion efficiency; (3) water turbine can move under low water head, has reduced the requirement of Wave energy electric generator to head; (4) reliability is high, and the movable part of device is less, and global stability is high, and reliability is good, can take into account reliability of structure and wave energy conversion ratio; (5) many anchor chain symmetric types of anchor system distribute, and global stability is high, and reliability is good, adopt the anchor chain form; Underwater construction is less, and construction cost is low, adopts anchor chain half stiffness system, has controllability; Can be according to the automatic adjustment of SEA LEVEL VARIATION position, anchor chain suspension loading suspended block increases anchor chain rigidity; Increase the anchor chain pulling force, reduce the device motion response, the assurance device proper functioning.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structure schematic representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional structure diagram that intermediate wave energy of the present invention is collected converting system;
Fig. 3 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic representation that draws unrestrained plate among the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic representation that gathers the ripple plate among the present invention;
Fig. 6 is embodiment's 1 among the present invention a fragmentary cross-sectional view;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of axial flow oar blade type hydraulic generator system among the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of axial flow impeller type turbine among the present invention;
Fig. 9 is embodiment's 2 among the present invention a fragmentary cross-sectional view;
Figure 10 is embodiment's 2 among the present invention a fragmentary cross-sectional view;
Figure 11 is the part enlarged view of Figure 10 among the present invention;
Figure 12 is embodiment's 2 among the present invention a plan view;
Figure 13 is the structural representation of mean camber blade type hydraulic generator of the present invention system;
Figure 14 is the structural representation of mean camber blade type water turbine of the present invention;
Figure 15 is the fragmentary cross-sectional view of mean camber blade type hydraulic generator of the present invention system;
Figure 16 is the schematic representation of guide plate among the present invention;
Figure 17 is the structural representation of anchor system among the present invention;
Figure 18 is the structural representation of anchor system among the present invention;
Figure 19 is the distribution schematic diagram of the loading suspended block of anchor system among the present invention.
Wherein, the 1-wave energy is collected converting system, 2-hydraulic generator system, and the 3-anchor system, 101-wet pit, 102-draw unrestrained plate, and 103-gathers the ripple plate; The 104-outlet pipe, 105-side plate, 106-water intake, 107-water outlet, 108-bottom platform, 201-water turbine; The 202-generator, 203-driving mechanism, 204-strut, 205-bearing, 206-strut, 207-stuffing box gland; The 208-transmission shaft, 209-axle sleeve, 210-axial flow impeller type turbine, 211-blade, 212-runner, 213-blade upstream face; 214-blade back side, 220-curved surface bucket formula water turbine, 221-shell, 222-rotating shaft, 223-blade, 224-steering bearing; The 225-guide plate, 226-bearing, 301-anchor chain, 302-loading suspended block, 303-gravity anchor, 304-short chain.
Embodiment
Specify the present invention in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, Wave energy electric generator comprises wave energy collection converting system 1, hydraulic generator system 2 and anchor system 3.
Referring to Fig. 2-Fig. 5, wave energy is collected converting system 1 and is comprised wet pit 101, draws unrestrained plate 102, gathers ripple plate 103 and outlet pipe 104.Hollow equilateral ten two prism structures of wet pit 101 for surrounding by 12 blocks of side plates 105, its cross section is equilateral 12 prismatics, and its top is water intake 106, and the bottom is provided with water outlet 107 and bottom platform 108.The wet pit arranged outside is drawn unrestrained plate 102, draws unrestrained plate 102 upper ends and is connected lower end diagonally extending to wet pit base plane with wet pit side plate 105 upper ends.Drawing unrestrained plate 102 gradients is 2: 3, is suitable for wave and climbs and climb up and over, and draws unrestrained plate 102 and is isosceles trapezoid, and quantity is 12.Adjacent joint of drawing unrestrained plate 102 is provided with gathers ripple plate 103, gathers ripple plate 103 and is irregular quadrilateral, preferred irregular trapezoidal, vertically is installed on adjacent joint of drawing unrestrained plate 105, and quantity is 12, and equidistance is arranged.Wet pit water outlet 107 places are provided with to the outlet pipe that extends below 104.Outlet pipe 104 calibers are 1/4 of wet pit water intake 106 radial distances.
Referring to Fig. 3, hydraulic generator system 2 comprises water turbine 201, generator 202 and driving mechanism 203, and water turbine 201 is provided with up and down through driving mechanism 203 with generator 202, and water turbine 201 is positioned at the below of generator 202.Generator 202 is installed on the top of wet pit 101 through strut 204, is higher than the water intake 106 of wet pit, and generator 202 is connected with water turbine 201 through driving mechanism 203, and water turbine 201 is positioned at outlet pipe 104.Said driving mechanism 203 comprises transmission shaft 208, the transmission shaft 208 outer axle sleeves 209 that are provided with.Said generator 202 outer installment stuffing box glands 207.Generator strut 204 quantity are 6, and strut 204 1 ends are fixedly connected on the generator stuffing box gland 207, and the other end is fixedly connected on wet pit water intake 106 edges.
Referring to Fig. 6-Fig. 8; Water turbine 201 is selected axial flow impeller type turbine 210 for use; Be fixed in the ingress of outlet pipe 104 through bearing 205 and strut 206, bearing 205 is connected in through strut 206 on the bottom platform 108 of wet pit, and strut 206 quantity of said bearing 205 are 3; Strut 206 1 ends are fixedly connected on the bearing 205, and the other end is fixedly connected on the wet pit bottom platform 108.Axial flow impeller type turbine 210 comprises runner 212 and blade 211, and its blade 211 is installed on its runner 212 perpendicular to the shaft axis of axial flow impeller type turbine, and blade 211 is central concave inward structure; Blade upstream face 213 is the arc shaped surface of indent, and back side 214 is the arc shaped surface of evagination, and the tangent line of arc shaped surface and the angle of shaft axis are 45 °; Blade 211 quantity are 6, and blade 211 chord lengths are 0.45m, and the wide parameter of blade 211 leaves does; Root 0.21m, end 0.33m, blade 211 tops are circular arc.
Referring to Figure 16-Figure 18; Anchor system 3 comprises anchor chain 301, loading suspended block 302 and gravity anchor 303, and gravity anchor 303 is anchored on the sea bed, and anchor chain 301 1 ends are fixed on the gravity anchor 303; The other end is connected in the angle end of wet pit 101 exterior bottom; Anchor chain 301 is the center with wet pit 101, the distribution that is centrosymmetric, and loading suspended block 302 hangs on the anchor chain 301 through short chain 304.Anchor chain 301 quantity of anchor system 3 are 6, and the preferred M3 of model, anchor chain diameter are 60mm, and the aerial quality of anchor chain 301 unit lengths is 75-80kg/m, and the length of single anchor chain 301 is 27.5m, and the horizontal span of single anchor chain 301 is 22m; The quantity of loading suspended block 302 is 6, and monolithic loading suspended block 302 aerial quality are 1000-1100kg, and loading suspended block 302 is 17.5m apart from the distance of anchor chain 301 lower end; Short chain 304 quantity are the 1-3 root; The sinker that gravity anchor 303 is processed for reinforced concrete.
Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 8, when the wave of different direction, frequency arrived wave collection converting system 1 bottom, unrestrained plate 102 was upwards soaring along drawing, and arrives water intake 106, finally intrudes in the wet pit 101.The gradient of drawing unrestrained plate 102 is 2: 3, is suitable for wave and climbs and climb up and over, and gathers ripple plate 103 and can prevent that not only wave from climbing in the process toward the both sides landing, with the wave energy of catching as much as possible, and helps wave and climbs and increase wave height in the process.In this process, will more unsettled incident wave energy convert the potential energy of water bodys in the wet pit 101 into.After wave gets into wet pit 101, get into outlet pipe 104 through water outlet 107.Current from top to bottom impact on the blade 211 of axial flow impeller type turbine 210; Under the effect of water flow impact pressure; Blade 211 rotates and takes turns 212 rotations, drive the transmission shaft 208 that is attached thereto and rotate together, thereby the generator 202 that drives its upper end is worked; Finally convert electric energy to, water is discharged along outlet pipe 104.
Referring to Figure 16-Figure 18, when the Wave energy electric generator proper functioning, seaway load constantly acts on it, and the anchor chain 301 of its anchor system 3 has bigger initial tensile force, and loading suspended block 302 also increases kinetic damping, stops Wave energy electric generator significantly to move.When Wave energy electric generator has certain displacement, there is the anchor chain 301 of loading to produce bigger restoring force, make the Wave energy electric generator position of tending to balance.
Because Wave energy electric generator job site tidal level changes greatly; And anchor chain 301 is semirigid structure forms; When SEA LEVEL VARIATION; Under the effect of Wave energy electric generator buoyancy, self gravitation, anchor chain pulling force, can change anchor chain 301 shapes, reach new equilibrium position, guarantee that Wave energy electric generator continues proper functioning.
When running into extreme sea condition, Wave energy electric generator is proper functioning no longer, need not consider the Wave energy electric generator motion this moment, only needs to guarantee that anchor system 3 is not destroyed, for Wave energy electric generator provides safety assurance.Because the anchor chain 301 of anchor system 3 all has big safety coefficient, the breakdown strength value is bigger, is not destroyed so can guarantee anchor system 3, is Wave energy electric generator safety assurance is provided.
Because of the seabed substrate in Wave energy electric generator predetermined work marine site is a basement rock, adopt the anchor of general pattern to be difficult to make anchor fluke to stretch into substrate and obtain enough big grip; And adopt pile need carry out underwater construction, construction cost is heightened.For this reason, confirm to use gravity anchor 303, the sinker that promptly uses reinforced concrete to process replaces anchor.As long as gravity anchor 303 has enough negative buoyancys marine, lean on himself gravity can guarantee the reliability of anchoring, not sliding during the assurance device proper functioning drags of anchor, and can suitably be subjected to displacement extreme environment under, only needs assurance device that drift does not take place and loses.
Embodiment 2:
Referring to Fig. 9-Figure 15, water turbine 201 is selected curved surface bucket formula water turbine 220 for use, and it is fixed in the outlet pipe 104 through bearing 226.Said outlet pipe 104 upper ends are provided with S type guide plate 225, and an end of said guide plate 225 is fixed on the water outlet tube wall, and an end extends to blade 223 upper ends of curved surface bucket formula water turbine 220.When selecting curved surface bucket formula water turbine 220 for use; Said driving mechanism 203 comprises two transmission shafts 208 and two steering bearings 224; Two transmission shafts 208 are distinguished an end separately and are connected generator 202, and the other end is connected through the end of steering bearing 224 with the rotating shaft 222 of curved surface bucket formula water turbine 220.Curved surface bucket formula water turbine 220 comprises rotating shaft 222 and blade 223, is provided with shell 221 outside the rotating shaft 222, and blade 223 is installed on the shell 221 perpendicular to the shaft axis of curved surface bucket formula water turbine 220; Blade 223 is a curved-surface structure; The curved surface camber is 45 °, and blade 223 quantity are 8, equidistantly is fixed on the shell 221; Blade 223 chord lengths are 0.13m, and leaf is wide to be 0.3m.
After wave gets into wet pit 101; Behind water outlet 107 entering outlet pipes 104, current from top to bottom impact on the blade 223 of curved surface bucket formula water turbine 220, under the effect of water flow impact pressure; Blade 223 is 222 rotations around the shaft, thereby the potential energy converting and energy of current is become the kinetic energy of blade 223.Under the effect of inside and outside head difference; Current promote the rotating shaft 222 of curved surface bucket formula water turbine 220 and rotate, and under the effect of steering bearing 224, rotating shaft 222 drives generator 202 work of its upper end through transmission shaft 208; Finally convert electric energy to, water is discharged along outlet pipe 104.
All the other are with embodiment 1.