CN101984118B - Method for preparing CuAl2O3 composite material through spray co-deposition reaction - Google Patents

Method for preparing CuAl2O3 composite material through spray co-deposition reaction Download PDF

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CN101984118B
CN101984118B CN 201010575412 CN201010575412A CN101984118B CN 101984118 B CN101984118 B CN 101984118B CN 201010575412 CN201010575412 CN 201010575412 CN 201010575412 A CN201010575412 A CN 201010575412A CN 101984118 B CN101984118 B CN 101984118B
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CN101984118A (en
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李进
杜明焕
马光
李银娥
姜婷
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Northwest Institute for Non Ferrous Metal Research
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing CuAl2O3 composite material through a spray co-deposition reaction, which comprises the following steps: 1, processing of CuO powder; 2, preparation of alloy fusant; 3, preparation of CuAl/CuO alloy by the spray co-deposition; 4, preparation of CuAl2O3 composite material by carrying out in situ chemical reaction on the CuAl/CuO alloy; and 5, extrusion, rolling and drawing. The Al2O3 particle in the invention is synthesized by the in situ chemical reaction, has fresh reaction interface, is firmly matched with Cu, has nano-scale size, and obvious enhanced effect. The method of the invention has the characteristics of simple raw material preparation, excellent performance of the prepared materials, and easily controlled process; and the dispersion distribution of the wide phase of the composite material particle is completed by deformation through the process, and the problem of difficult subsequent process of the particle enhanced metal matrix composite is preferably solved.

Description

Spray co deposition reaction preparation CuAl 2O 3The method of matrix material
Technical field
The invention belongs to the metal-base composites technical field, be specifically related to a kind of spray co deposition reaction preparation CuAl 2O 3The method of matrix material.
Background technology
CuAl 2O 3Matrix material not only conducts electricity, thermal conductivity is good, also has higher hardness, intensity and softening temperature etc., is widely used in fields such as automobile, electronics, electrician, electromechanics.
Just adopted the powder internal oxidation to produce CuAl in batches the seventies in eighties of last century abroad 2O 3Matrix material, the C15715, the Al of C15760 that produce such as SCM Corporation of the U.S. 2O 3Dispersed and strengthened copper-based composite material, its softening temperature are 900 ℃, and specific conductivity is 90%IACS, and tensile strength reaches 540MPa, and have formed the industrial scale of daily output 20t.The company of Japan, Germany and Korea S is at CuAl 2O 3The production aspect of matrix material has had suitable scale, and has worked out corresponding product technology standard.Because this series products still is listed in patented product abroad, production technology is still maintained secrecy.
China is to CuAl 2O 3The research of matrix material is started late, 20 century 70s just begin formal project verification, in the nineties at the end of the eighties, the units such as University Of Tianjin, Harbin Institute of Technology, Kunming Inst. of Metallurgy, Xi'an University of Technology, Beijing Non-Ferrous Metal Research General Academy, Kunming Institute of Precious Metals are arranged, in succession carried out the research-and-development activity of such material.But, because CuAl 2O 3The reasons such as composite material preparation process is complicated, homogeneity of structure is poor, density is not high, production cost is high, domestic relevant unit has only set up small-scale pilot production line, always can not large-scale production; The CuAl for preparing simultaneously 2O 3Matrix material is also unstable at aspects such as mechanical property and softening temperatures, and the yield rate of processing is low, causes cost of manufacture higher; Therefore, every technical performance index all awaits further improving.At present, most of CuAl of domestic use 2O 3Matrix material still depends on import.
At present, domestic aluminium oxide particle reinforced copper base composite manufacture method mainly contains: powder metallurgic method, composite electroplating, mechanical alloying method, chemical coprecipitation, reaction synthesis method, internal oxidation etc.Although these known preparation methods have obtained CuAl 2O 3Matrix material, but all exist obvious deficiency, main manifestations is: powder metallurgic method preparation technique is complicated, and cost is high, and production efficiency is low; The composite powder that mechanical alloying method is made the segregation of wild phase aluminium sesquioxide can occur and grow up in the process of sintering, affect the performance of matrix material; Chemical coprecipitation and composite electroplating have pollution to environment, and the material property that chemical coprecipitation obtains is low, and the particle of composite electroplating evenly suspends wayward in plating bath; The reaction synthesis method complicated process of preparation will be through for a long time mixed powder and multi-steps sintering; Although the CuAl of internal oxidation preparation 2O 3Composite material combination property is better, but in preparation process, and oxygen partial pressure, oxidization time and amount of oxidation all are difficult to control, causes its complex process, production cycle elongated, and unstable product quality is unfavorable for suitability for industrialized production simultaneously.In addition, the matrix material of these method preparations all can not directly prepare the nearly formed parts such as ingot, plate, wheel, and material preparation process technical sophistication, quality product are difficult to control, and production cost is higher, can not form large-scale production etc.Cause CuAl 2O 3Composite manufacture level and over-all properties exist larger gap with comparing abroad, and the situation that also depends on import is used in mass-producing.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of preparation process easy to control, and starting material are prepared simple, the spray co deposition reaction preparation CuAl of the excellent material performance of preparation 2O 3The method of matrix material.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of spray co deposition reaction preparation CuAl 2O 3The method of matrix material is characterized in that, the method may further comprise the steps:
(1) be to process 0.5h～2h under 100 ℃～300 ℃ the condition in temperature with the CuO powder;
(2) mixture of Cu and Al is placed alloying obtains alloy melt in the spray co deposition vacuum intermediate-frequency smelting furnace, the mass percent of Al is 0.1%～4% in the described mixture, and surplus is Cu; Or the mixture of Cu and Al and modifying element placed together alloying obtains alloy melt in the spray co deposition vacuum intermediate-frequency smelting furnace, described modifying element is one or more among La, Ce and the Y, and the addition of described modifying element is 0.01%～2% of alloy melt quality;
(3) after the alloy melt temperature reaches 100 ℃～200 ℃ described in the step (2), open the atomization gas valve, simultaneously alloy melt is poured into the insulation bag, and start in the powder conveying device supplying step (1) after treatment CuO powder, carry out spray co deposition and obtain the CuAl/CuO alloy; The operational throughput of described CuO powder is 3/2 times of molar weight of Al, perhaps is Al and modifying element amount of substance sum 3/2 times;
(4) be in-situ chemical reaction 4h～10h under 800 ℃～1000 ℃ the vacuum condition in temperature with CuAl/CuO alloy described in the step (3), prepare CuAl 2O 3Matrix material;
(5) with CuAl described in the step (4) 2O 3The matrix material extrusion processing becomes the CuAl of bar or sheet material shape 2O 3Matrix material, more further rolling or drawing, the final CuAl that is reprocessed into sheet material, silk material, profiled material or contact shape according to application requiring 2O 3Matrix material.
The particle diameter of CuO powder described in the above-mentioned steps (1) is 10 μ m～100 μ m.
The quality purity of Cu 〉=99.9% described in the above-mentioned steps (2), the quality purity of described Al 〉=99.9%.
The temperature of alloying described in the above-mentioned steps (2) is 1040 ℃～1100 ℃.
The distance of the deposition of spray co deposition described in the above-mentioned steps (3) is 300mm～400mm, and atomization pressure is 0.8MPa～2.0MPa, and the thrust-augmenting nozzle internal diameter is 3.5mm～4.5mm, and the depositor rotating speed is 10rpm/min～40rpm/min.
The temperature of extruding is 400 ℃～600 ℃ described in the above-mentioned steps (5).
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, the present invention is integrated by advanced machining technologies such as spray co deposition, in-situ chemical reactions, can realize that short flow process, nearly shaping, compelling, equal-freezing prepare CuAl 2O 3Matrix material has the production efficiency height, and tooling cost is low, the characteristics such as constant product quality.
2, it is simple that the present invention has the starting material preparation, the characteristics such as excellent material performance of preparation, and preparation process is easy to control, the disperse of composite material granular wild phase distributes finishes by machining deformation, has well solved the problem of particles reiforced metal-base composition following process difficulty.
3, Al of the present invention 2O 3Particle generates in position, and the interface is fresh, and is firm with the combination of Cu; And the Second Phase Particle that in-situ chemical reaction generates reaches nano level (particle diameter is less than 100nm), is uniformly distributed on the intracrystalline and crystal boundary of Cu matrix, and strengthening effect is obvious, makes the thermostability of material and heat resistance obviously improve Al 2O 3Disperse distribute and to finish by machining deformation, well solved the problem of matrix material following process difficulty.
Below by embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) be that the CuO powder of 10 μ m is to process 2h under 100 ℃ of conditions in temperature with particle diameter;
(2) mixture with the Al of the Cu of quality purity 〉=99.9% and quality purity 〉=99.9% places in the spray co deposition vacuum intermediate-frequency smelting furnace, is that alloying obtains alloy melt under 1040 ℃ of conditions in temperature; The mass percent of Al is 0.1% in the described mixture, and surplus is Cu;
(3) after the alloy melt temperature reaches 200 ℃, open the atomization gas valve, simultaneously alloy melt is poured into the insulation bag, and started powder conveying device conveying CuO powder after treatment, carry out spray co deposition and obtain the CuAl/CuO alloy; The amount of described CuO powder is 3/2 times of molar weight of Al; The deposition distance of described spray co deposition is 300mm, and atomization pressure is 2.0MPa, and the thrust-augmenting nozzle internal diameter is 3.5mm, and the depositor rotating speed is 10rpm/min;
(4) under vacuum condition, be in-situ chemical reaction 4h under 1000 ℃ the condition in temperature to the CuAl/CuO alloy, prepare CuAl 2O 3Matrix material;
(5) with CuAl 2O 3Matrix material is the CuAl that extrusion processing becomes bar or sheet material shape under 400 ℃ of conditions in temperature 2O 3Matrix material, more further rolling or drawing, the final CuAl that is reprocessed into the shapes such as sheet material, silk material, profiled material or contact according to application requiring 2O 3Matrix material.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1 preparation method, and wherein difference is: the particle diameter of CuO powder is 100 μ m, and the temperature of CuO powder treatment is 200 ℃, and the treatment time is 0.5h; The mass percent of Al is 2% in the mixture; The alloying temperature is 1070 ℃, after the alloy melt temperature reaches 100 ℃, opens the atomization gas valve; The deposition distance of spray co deposition is 400mm, and atomization pressure is 0.8MPa, and the thrust-augmenting nozzle internal diameter is 4mm, and the depositor rotating speed is 25rpm/min; The temperature of in-situ chemical reaction is 800 ℃, and the time of in-situ chemical reaction is 10h; The temperature of extruding is 600 ℃.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1 preparation method, and wherein difference is: the particle diameter of CuO powder is 55 μ m, and the temperature of CuO powder treatment is 300 ℃, and the treatment time is 1.3h; The mass percent of Al is 4% in the mixture; The alloying temperature is 1100 ℃, after the alloy melt temperature reaches 150 ℃, opens the atomization gas valve; The deposition distance of spray co deposition is 350mm, and atomization pressure is 1.4MPa, and the thrust-augmenting nozzle internal diameter is 4.5mm, and the depositor rotating speed is 40rpm/min; The temperature of in-situ chemical reaction is 900 ℃, and the time of in-situ chemical reaction is 7h; The temperature of extruding is 500 ℃.
Embodiment 4
(1) be that the CuO powder of 10 μ m is to process 2h under 100 ℃ of conditions in temperature with particle diameter;
(2) mixture and the modifying element with the Al of the Cu of quality purity 〉=99.9% and quality purity 〉=99.9% together places in the spray co deposition vacuum intermediate-frequency smelting furnace, is that alloying obtains alloy melt under 1100 ℃ of conditions in temperature; The mass percent of Al is 0.1% in the described mixture, and surplus is Cu; Described modifying element is La, and the addition of modifying element is 0.01% of alloy melt quality;
(3) after the alloy melt temperature reaches 200 ℃, open the atomization gas valve, simultaneously alloy melt is poured into the insulation bag, and started powder conveying device conveying CuO powder after treatment, carry out spray co deposition and obtain the CuAl/CuO alloy; The operational throughput of described CuO powder is Al and La amount of substance sum 3/2 times; The deposition distance of described spray co deposition is 300mm, and atomization pressure is 2.0MPa, and the thrust-augmenting nozzle internal diameter is 3.5mm, and the depositor rotating speed is 10rpm/min;
(4) under vacuum condition, be in-situ chemical reaction 4h under 1000 ℃ the condition in temperature to the CuAl/CuO alloy, prepare CuAl 2O 3Matrix material;
(5) with CuAl 2O 3Matrix material is the CuAl that extrusion processing becomes bar or sheet material shape under 400 ℃ of conditions in temperature 2O 3Matrix material, more further rolling or drawing, the final CuAl that is reprocessed into the shapes such as sheet material, silk material, profiled material or contact according to application requiring 2O 3Matrix material.
Embodiment 5
Present embodiment is identical with embodiment 4 preparation methods, and wherein difference is: described modifying element is Ce or Y, perhaps is at least two kinds among La, Ce and the Y, and the addition of modifying element is 2% of alloy melt quality.
Embodiment 6
Present embodiment is identical with embodiment 4 preparation methods, and wherein difference is: described modifying element is Ce or Y, perhaps is at least two kinds among La, Ce and the Y, and the addition of modifying element is 1% of alloy melt quality.
Embodiment 7
(1) be that the CuO powder of 100 μ m is to process 0.5h under 300 ℃ of conditions in temperature with particle diameter;
(2) mixture and the modifying element with the Al of the Cu of quality purity 〉=99.9% and quality purity 〉=99.9% together places in the spray co deposition vacuum intermediate-frequency smelting furnace, is that alloying obtains alloy melt under 1070 ℃ of conditions in temperature; The mass percent of Al is 2% in the described mixture, and surplus is Cu; Described modifying element is Ce, and the addition of modifying element is 2% of alloy melt quality;
(3) after the alloy melt temperature reaches 100 ℃, open the atomization gas valve, simultaneously alloy melt is poured into insulation bag, and started powder conveying device and carry after treatment CuO powder, carrying out spray co deposition, to obtain CuAl/CuO be alloy; The operational throughput of described CuO powder is Al and Ce amount of substance sum 3/2 times; The deposition distance of described spray co deposition is 400mm, and atomization pressure is 0.8MPa, and the thrust-augmenting nozzle internal diameter is 4mm, and the depositor rotating speed is 25rpm/min;
(4) under vacuum condition, be in-situ chemical reaction 10h under 800 ℃ the condition in temperature to the CuAl/CuO alloy, prepare CuAl 2O 3Matrix material;
(5) with CuAl 2O 3Matrix material is the CuAl that extrusion processing becomes bar or sheet material shape under 500 ℃ of conditions in temperature 2O 3Matrix material, more further rolling or drawing, the final CuAl that is reprocessed into the shapes such as sheet material, silk material, profiled material or contact according to application requiring 2O 3Matrix material.
Embodiment 8
Present embodiment is identical with embodiment 7 preparation methods, and wherein difference is: described modifying element is La or Y, perhaps is at least two kinds among La, Ce and the Y, and the addition of modifying element is 0.01% of alloy melt quality.
Embodiment 9
Present embodiment is identical with embodiment 7 preparation methods, and wherein difference is: described modifying element is La or Y, perhaps is at least two kinds among La, Ce and the Y, and the addition of modifying element is 1% of alloy melt quality.
Embodiment 10
(1) be that the CuO powder of 55 μ m is to process 1.2h under 200 ℃ of conditions in temperature with particle diameter;
(2) mixture and the modifying element with the Al of the Cu of quality purity 〉=99.9% and quality purity 〉=99.9% together places in the spray co deposition vacuum intermediate-frequency smelting furnace, is that alloying obtains alloy melt under 1040 ℃ of conditions in temperature; The mass percent of Al is 4% in the described mixture, and surplus is Cu; Described modifying element is Y, and the addition of modifying element is 1% of alloy melt quality;
(3) after the alloy melt temperature reaches 150 ℃, open the atomization gas valve, simultaneously alloy melt is poured into insulation bag, and started powder conveying device and carry after treatment CuO powder, carrying out spray co deposition, to obtain CuAl/CuO be alloy; The operational throughput of described CuO powder is Al and Y amount of substance sum 3/2 times; The deposition distance of described spray co deposition is 350mm, and atomization pressure is 1.4MPa, and the thrust-augmenting nozzle internal diameter is 4.5mm, and the depositor rotating speed is 40rpm/min;
(4) under vacuum condition, be in-situ chemical reaction 7h under 900 ℃ the condition in temperature to the CuAl/CuO alloy, prepare CuAl 2O 3Matrix material;
(5) with CuAl 2O 3Matrix material is the CuAl that extrusion processing becomes bar or sheet material shape under 600 ℃ of conditions in temperature 2O 3Matrix material, more further rolling or drawing, the final CuAl that is reprocessed into the shapes such as sheet material, silk material, profiled material or contact according to application requiring 2O 3Matrix material.
Embodiment 11
Present embodiment is identical with embodiment 10 preparation methods, and wherein difference is: described modifying element is La or Ce, perhaps is at least two kinds among La, Ce and the Y, and the addition of modifying element is 0.01% of alloy melt quality.
Embodiment 12
Present embodiment is identical with embodiment 10 preparation methods, and wherein difference is: described modifying element is La or Ce, perhaps is at least two kinds among La, Ce and the Y, and the addition of modifying element is 2% of alloy melt quality.
The CuAl of the embodiment of the invention 1 to embodiment 12 preparation 2O 3The physicals of matrix material is as shown in table 1.
The CuAl of table 1 preparation 2O 3The physicals of matrix material
Figure BDA0000036432060000081

Claims (3)

1. a spray co deposition reaction prepares CuAl 2O 3The method of matrix material is characterized in that, the method may further comprise the steps:
(1) be to process 0.5h～2h under 100 ℃～300 ℃ the condition in temperature with the CuO powder; The particle diameter of described CuO powder is 10 μ m～100 μ m;
(2) mixture of Cu and Al is placed alloying obtains alloy melt in the spray co deposition vacuum intermediate-frequency smelting furnace, the mass percent of Al is 0.1%～4% in the described mixture, and surplus is Cu; Or the mixture of Cu and Al and modifying element placed together alloying obtains alloy melt in the spray co deposition vacuum intermediate-frequency smelting furnace, the mass percent of Al is 0.1%, 2% or 4% in the described mixture, surplus is Cu, described modifying element is one or more among La, Ce and the Y, and the addition of described modifying element is 0.01%～2% of alloy melt quality;
(3) after the alloy melt superheating temperature reaches 100 ℃～200 ℃ described in the step (2), open the atomization gas valve, simultaneously alloy melt is poured into insulation bag, and started in the powder conveying device supplying step (1) CuO powder after treatment, carry out spray co deposition and obtain the CuAl/CuO alloy; The operational throughput of described CuO powder is 3/2 times of molar weight of Al, perhaps is Al and modifying element amount of substance sum 3/2 times; The deposition distance of described spray co deposition is 300mm～400mm, and atomization pressure is 0.8MPa～2.0MPa, and the thrust-augmenting nozzle internal diameter is 3.5mm～4.5mm, and the depositor rotating speed is 10rpm～40rpm;
(4) be in-situ chemical reaction 4h～10h under 800 ℃～1000 ℃ the vacuum condition in temperature with CuAl/CuO alloy described in the step (3), prepare CuAl 2O 3Matrix material;
(5) with CuAl described in the step (4) 2O 3The matrix material extrusion processing becomes the CuAl of bar or sheet material shape 2O 3Matrix material, more further rolling or drawing, the final CuAl that is reprocessed into sheet material, silk material, profiled material or contact shape according to application requiring 2O 3Matrix material; The temperature of described extruding is 400 ℃～600 ℃.
2. spray co deposition reaction according to claim 1 prepares CuAl 2O 3The method of matrix material is characterized in that, the quality purity of Cu 〉=99.9% described in the step (2), the quality purity of described Al 〉=99.9%.
3. spray co deposition reaction according to claim 1 prepares CuAl 2O 3The method of matrix material is characterized in that, the temperature of alloying described in the step (2) is 1040 ℃～1100 ℃.
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