CN101983290A - 用于接合复合部件的实心铆钉 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有铆钉头(5)和柄部(6)的实心铆钉,该柄部与铆钉头(5)轴向对齐,其中铆钉头的最大直径大于柄部(6)的外直径。为了也能实现FVK部件的彼此牢固且可靠的连接,而且这并不意味着增加制造成本,根据本发明提出,柄部(6)具有至少一个末端部段(11)、一个中间部段(10)和一个头部部段(9),其中中间部段(10)的外直径小于末端部段(11)的外直径。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种实心铆钉,和特别地、但是不仅仅涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的、用于接合复合部件的实心铆钉。
背景技术
在航空业发展初期,在飞机制造业中大量使用实心铆钉。即使是现代的飞机,如A380也利用这种部件接合,尤其在外壳装配中,铆钉因为低廉的价格和良好的可自动化性而广泛使用。
目前使用的实心铆钉大部分由铝合金(2017-T42,2117-T42或7050-T73)制成,由钛或钛合金制成的实心铆钉用于特殊用途。在飞机制造业中不再使用钢制的实心铆钉。此外,还有双金属的铆钉,例如Cherry公司的铆钉。这种铆钉包括高强度的钛合金(Ti6Al4V)制成的柄部和软性钛合金(Ti45Nb)制成的柄部端部。在制造铆钉时,借助于摩擦焊接来连接这两种部件。
铆钉的安装通过软的柄部端部的变形来实现。在一定的边界条件下,这种用于接合由纤维增强塑料(FVK)制成的部件的连接件也就适合于形成FVK/FVK-结构。由于腐蚀的原因在此没有应用由铝制成的实心铆钉,取而代之的是应用钛合金(TiNb45)作为铆钉材料。
传统铆钉的问题在于,在铆钉变形时产生很大的力,其导致了将铆钉的材料在孔中沿径向向外挤出。该向外挤出的材料尤其会在用于铆钉的孔的边缘处损坏接合部件的材料。当这在由金属制成的接合部件中导致金属变形时,通过该变形可能轻微地损害部件的稳定性和适用性,由于铆钉安装时压力极高,在铆钉镦头的区域中的FVK部件中导致单个FVK层的分层。除了层压材料层的分层之外,也还可能在FVK部件中产生裂缝。
因此为了避免发生分层和形成裂缝,规定在铆钉镦头侧使用金属材料。可以利用以下方法来满足该要求,即在使用金属垫片的情况下接合FVK/FVK-结构,然而这意味着高昂的制造费用。
因此,在目前的现有技术中,不可能借助于实心铆钉来接合FVK/FVK-结构。
由US 2 358 728公开了一种拉紧铆钉,其中柄部包括突出的头部、连接在柄部上的销子、横向于柄部延伸的、紧挨销子的槽以及用于容纳材料的附加狭缝,其中销子的直径小于槽的直径。
US 3 634 928公开了一种用于制造铆钉连接部的方法,其中应用了一种在铆钉的柄部中具有一个或多个环状槽的铆钉。该槽用于延缓铆钉的过渡部成为蘑菇形并且由此缩短了铆钉的中间部段,从而基本上均匀地向外挤压材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于实现一种铆钉,利用该铆钉可以克服前述缺点并且也实现FVK部件的彼此牢固且可靠的连接,而且这并不意味着增加制造成本。
该目的通过根据权利要求1所述的实心铆钉实现。从属权利要求的内容是本发明的优选实施方式。
本发明的一个主要方面在于,在根据现有技术的实心铆钉中设置有在实心铆钉的柄部上的、位于铆钉镦头侧的材料的背面的高度处的凹处、槽或棱角。而在安装不具有这种凹处或棱角的传统铆钉时,FVK部件从孔缘出发开始分层,在根据本发明的实心铆钉中的棱角阻止了铆钉在孔缘处与待接合的部件接触,从而避免了在该区域中的FVK部件发生分层。
根据本发明的实心铆钉具有铆钉头和柄部,该柄部与铆钉头轴向对齐,其中铆钉头的最大直径大于柄部的外直径,该实心铆钉的特征在于,柄部具有至少一个末端部段、一个中间部段和一个头部部段,其中中间部段的外直径小于末端部段的外直径。
根据本发明的实心铆钉优选具有一个或多个(技术上可能且有意义的)特征:
-三个部段分别为圆柱形;
-末端部段逐渐变为锥形,其中末端部段在其自由的端部上具有更小的外直径;
-末端部段由软性材料制成并且中间部段和/或头部部段由高强度材料制成;
-末端部段逐渐变为锥形,其中末端部段在其自由的端部上具有很小的外直径;
-在头部部段与中间部段之间的和/或在中间部段与末端部段之间的过渡部为阶梯形;
-在头部部段与中间部段之间的和/或在中间部段与末端部段之间的过渡部仅具有一个边棱;
-在头部部段与中间部段的直径之间的差值取决于中间部段的长度;
-第二中间部段和第二末端部段连接在第一末端部段上。
此外,根据本发明的铆钉具有以下优点:恰好如同“传统”的铆钉一样来安装根据本发明的铆钉,也就是说,可以应用已知的工具并且可以完全如同在现有技术中一样利用根据本发明的实心铆钉接合部件。此外通过相应深的棱角或槽实现了重量的减小。
附图说明
由下面的对于本发明的优选的实施方式的说明参考附图给出其它的特征和优点。
图1示出变形前根据现有技术的实心铆钉;
图2示出变形后根据图1的实心铆钉;
图3示出变形前根据本发明的实心铆钉的实施方式;
图4示出变形后根据图3的实心铆钉;
图5至8示出根据本发明的实心铆钉的其它优选实施方式。
附图不是按比例绘出的。只要不是为了标注其它部件,则相同的或作用相同的部件都使用相同的参考标号。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据现有技术的实心铆钉,上部件1和下部件2应该与该实心铆钉连接,仅分别示出了该上部件和下部件的一部分。设置延伸穿过两个部件的孔3用于接合部件1和2。实心铆钉4插入该孔3中,其中通过铆钉头5在其中一侧上阻止了实心铆钉4完全滑动穿过孔3。柄部6连接在实心铆钉4的铆钉头5上,该柄部在轴向上与铆钉头5对齐并且如此长,即该柄部伸出孔3的、与铆钉头5相对的一侧。铆钉头优选可以埋入上部件1的表面中,从而铆钉头齐平地终止于部件1的表面。铆钉头的最大直径大于孔3的内直径且大于柄部6的外直径。
图2示出接合后、即变形后的铆钉4。如可以看出的那样,铆钉头5的形状没有任何改变,而柄部6的自由的端部由于合适的工具的作用这样地扩宽,即变形的柄部6的外直径目前在此大于孔3的内直径。因此,柄部6的变形的部段形成铆钉镦头7,该铆钉镦头阻止了实心铆钉4在铆钉头5的方向上的运动并由此使两个部件1和2彼此保持不变状态。
同样如从图2可看出,当柄部6在其自由的端部上变形成铆钉镦头7时可能出现部件2的损害。在变形时,铆钉4的材料被挤压和压缩,通过该材料的压力作用,部件2的材料也被挤压,因此在孔3的后缘的区域中,部件2的单个的层压材料层8彼此分离并分层。因此损害了部件2的层压结构的强度。此外还会出现部件2深入孔3的周围,如通过图2中虚线所示的那样,其示出部件的原始厚度或其接合后的理想状态。
为了避免由于实心铆钉4的材料的移位而造成部件2在孔3的周围的不希望的变形,根据本发明,实心铆钉4在孔3的后缘的高度处配有棱角或槽。在图3中示出这种根据本发明的实心铆钉的第一实施方式。
在根据图3的实心铆钉4中,由三个不同的部段替代了统一的柄部6。头部部段9作为第一部段连接在铆钉头5上。其后在实心铆钉的自由的端部的方向上跟随的是中间部段10,并且在中间部段上又连接了形成实心铆钉4的自由的端部的末段部段11。单个部段的特征或彼此之间的区别在于,它们都分别具有与相邻的部段的不同的直径。尤其是中间部段10的外直径小于末段部段11的外直径。此外,中间部段10的外直径小于头部部段9的外直径。可自由选择头部部段9和末段部段11的直径的关系。因此可以如在图3中所示那样,头部部段9具有大于末段部段11的直径,然而同样也可能的是,选择末段部段11的直径等于或略大于头部部段9的直径(未示出)。在图3中以“a”表示中间部段10的直径。
在如图3所示的实心铆钉4已在孔3中定位之后,如在现有技术中一样以该方式变形,即实心铆钉牢固地将两个部件1和2彼此连接。在图4中示出变形后的实心铆钉4的形状。
从图4清晰可见,在实心铆钉变形后在轴向方向上压紧末段部段11,从而减小其长度并同时使其外直径变大这么多,即变形后的末段部段11不再能滑动穿过孔3。直接连在末段部段11上的中间部段10也通过变形过程而发生变形。在图4的描述中,实心铆钉4的变形导致了在中间部段10中直径从“a”增大到“b”。因此,这种表现恰好相应于那些现有技术中的实心铆钉,然而区别在于,材料不足以使中间部段10的外直径“a”扩大至孔3的内直径。进而也避免了对部件2的材料的不希望的挤压,否则这种挤压可能导致根据图2的单个的层压材料层8的分层。
因为变形中完成的工作导致了末段部段11以及中间部段10的变形,这构成了实心铆钉4的弱点,所以消除了头部部段9的变形,也就是说孔3即使在较深的区域中也不被损坏。
三个部段9、10和11在图3和图4中分别示为圆柱形。但这并不是根据本发明的实心铆钉的必要条件。因此在另一个(未示出的)实施例中,中间部段10也可以仅局部具有比其相邻的部段9和11更小的直径。在这种情况下,其截面形状在图1至4中虚线所示的对称轴的方向上可能不是圆形的,而是例如椭圆形或具有成倒圆形的角的矩形或具有两个相对的展平部的圆形等等。
在图5至8中示出根据本发明的实心铆钉的其它改进。在图5中再次示出根据图3的实施例。实心铆钉的特征(这在图5和6中有所变化)在于单个部段之间的过渡部。在图5中部段之间的过渡部为阶梯形,也就是说在中间部段10和头部部段9之间或在中间部段10和末端部段11之间存在两个边棱。根据图5的实施方式和根据图6的实施方式区别在于,头部部段9和中间部段10之间的过渡部以及中间部段10和末端部段11之间的过渡部圆形化,从而每个过渡部分别仅具有一个边棱。该实施方式在制造技术上更容易实现,因为在此仅需利用简单的工具就能制造槽,而在根据图5的实施方式中,必须通过铣切才能减小中间部段10的直径。也可以通过切削加工(例如通过车削)或通过变形得到棱角。这两个过程可以在铆钉制造商或也可以在铆钉使用者处进行。
图7示出根据本发明的实心铆钉的另一实施方式。在该实施方式中,末端部段11逐渐变为锥形,其中末端部段在其自由的端部具有更小的外直径。因此在放入孔3时对其的操作更容易。此外,根据图7的实心铆钉4的实施方式与前述实施方式的区别在于,延长了其中间部段10。在轴向方向上的中间部段10(以及其它部段)的尺寸选择基本取决于对各自的部段的强度要求,而且该尺寸与中间部段10的直径“a”相关。
最后在图8中示出一个实施方式,其具有多个中间部段和末端部段:除了第一中间部段10外还设置了连接在第一末端部段11上的第二中间部段12。该实施方式还补充了第二末端部段13。当应利用铆钉接合不同厚度的部件1和2时,但另一方面不需要储备不同的铆钉,则该实施方式尤其适合。
除了单个部段9、10、11在几何上的尺寸外也可以如此选择各自的材料,即材料优化地适合于实心铆钉4的各种用途。所以实心铆钉不必整体地由一种材料制成,而是例如末端部段11可以由软性材料制成,并且中间部段10或头部部段9可以由高强度的材料制成。通过这种方式实现的是,末端部段11承担了大部分变形工作,且在其宽度变大的同时长度减小。对于材料的实例有高强度的Ti6Al4V和软性的Ti45Nb。
参考标号
1 上部件
2 下部件
3 孔,穿过两个部件
4 实心铆钉
5 铆钉头
6 柄部
7 铆钉镦头
8 层压材料层
9 头部部段
10 (第一)中间部段
11 (第一)末段部段
12 第二中间部段
13 第二末段部段
a 变形前中间部段的直径
b 变形后中间部段的直径
Claims (9)
1.一种具有铆钉头(5)和柄部(6)的实心铆钉,所述柄部与所述铆钉头(5)轴向对齐,其中所述铆钉头的最大直径大于所述柄部(6)的外直径,其中所述柄部(6)具有至少一个末端部段(11)、一个中间部段(10)和一个头部部段(9),其中所述中间部段(10)的外直径(a)小于所述末端部段(11)的外直径,其特征在于,这样地选择所述中间部段(10)的所述外直径(a),即在所述实心铆钉变形时,所述中间部段(10)的材料没有填满所述中间部段(10)与孔(3)之间的间隙。
2.根据权利要求1所述的实心铆钉,其特征在于,所述三个部段(9,10,11)分别为圆柱形。
3.根据权利要求1所述的实心铆钉,其特征在于,所述末端部段(11)逐渐变为锥形,其中所述末端部段在所述末端部段的自由的端部上具有更小的外直径。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的实心铆钉,其特征在于,所述末端部段(11)由软性材料制成并且所述中间部段(10)和/或所述头部部段(9)由高强度?材料制成。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的实心铆钉,其特征在于,所述末端部段(11)逐渐变为锥形,其中所述末端部段在所述末端部段的自由的端部上具有更小的外直径。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的实心铆钉,其特征在于,在所述头部部段(9)与所述中间部段(10)之间的和/或在所述中间部段(10)与所述末端部段(11)之间的过渡部为阶梯形。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的实心铆钉,其特征在于,在所述头部部段(9)与所述中间部段(10)之间的和/或在所述中间部段(10)与所述末端部段(11)之间的所述过渡部仅具有一个边棱。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的实心铆钉,其特征在于,在所述头部部段(9)与所述中间部段(10)的直径之间的差值取决于所述中间部段(10)的长度。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的实心铆钉,其特征在于,第二中间部段(12)和第二末端部段(13)连接在第一末端部段(11)上。
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DE200810017650 DE102008017650A1 (de) | 2008-04-04 | 2008-04-04 | Vollniet zum Fügen von Composit-Bauteilen |
DE102008017650.8 | 2008-04-04 | ||
PCT/EP2009/052215 WO2009121670A1 (de) | 2008-04-04 | 2009-02-25 | Vollniet zum fügen von composit-bauteilen |
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US (1) | US20110027047A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2281121A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2011516801A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101983290A (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0910895A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2718862A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102008017650A1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2010145141A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2009121670A1 (zh) |
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CN105927644A (zh) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-09-07 | 苏州市林氏精密五金标准件制造有限公司 | 一种实心铆钉 |
TWI611911B (zh) * | 2015-07-10 | 2018-01-21 | Wei zhi jia | 熱塑一體成型之金屬殼埋植貼合方法 |
CN108167967A (zh) * | 2017-05-11 | 2018-06-15 | 欧阳健 | 空调安装支架及其制作方法 |
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DE102009048398A1 (de) * | 2009-10-06 | 2011-04-07 | Böllhoff Verbindungstechnik GmbH | Verbindung zwischen zwei Bauteilen aus verstärktem Kunststoff und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
MY173474A (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2020-01-28 | Pem Man Inc | Miniature tack pins |
DE102011114306A1 (de) | 2011-09-23 | 2013-03-28 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zum Fügen von wenigstens zwei FVK-Bauteilen |
US20140330464A1 (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-11-06 | John Lautzenhiser | Method and system for control of apparatus |
WO2014163677A2 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-10-09 | Rolls-Royce North American Technologies, Inc. | Retention pin and method of forming |
FR3007091B1 (fr) * | 2013-06-18 | 2015-07-03 | Herakles | Assemblage a liaison auto-serrante en temperature |
DE102014206151A1 (de) * | 2014-04-01 | 2015-10-01 | Waldemar Link Gmbh & Co. Kg | Implantatverbindung |
JP6260592B2 (ja) | 2015-07-24 | 2018-01-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 異種材接合構造及び異種材接合体の製造方法 |
DE102020125460A1 (de) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-03-31 | Profil Verbindungstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Selbststanzendes Befestigungselement |
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JP2011516801A (ja) | 2011-05-26 |
DE102008017650A1 (de) | 2009-11-12 |
RU2010145141A (ru) | 2012-05-20 |
BRPI0910895A2 (pt) | 2015-09-29 |
CA2718862A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
WO2009121670A1 (de) | 2009-10-08 |
EP2281121A1 (de) | 2011-02-09 |
US20110027047A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
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