CN101982900A - L/S/X three-band dual-polarized planar antenna array - Google Patents
L/S/X three-band dual-polarized planar antenna array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an L/S/X three-band dual-polarized planar antenna array, which is formed through split joint of a pair of L/S dual-band dual-polarized subarrays, a pair of L/X dual-band dual-polarized subarrays and an L single-band dual-polarized subarray, wherein each pair of subarrays is formed by overlapping a plurality of layers of boards; the L/S and L/X dual-band subarrays are formed by three layers of dielectric boards and two layers of rigid foams; the L single-band subarray is formed by two layers of dielectric boards and two layers of rigid foams; laminated microstrip patches (S and X bands) interlace with microstrip dipoles (L band) on the front of the dual-band subarrays (L/S and L/X); and L-band dipoles are arranged in the form of T-shaped array front so as to realize dual-polarization operation and good polarization isolation performance. The antenna has the advantages of wide band, high isolation, low cross polarization, stable phase center, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of L/S/X triband dual polarization planar array antenna, on three wave bands, all have the characteristics of broadband, high-isolation and low-cross polarization.It can be used as the antenna of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR:Synthetic Aperture Radar), and its technology can be applicable to phased array radar and wireless communication system.
Background technology
The microwave synthetic aperture radar not only can be used for obtaining the ground image of big region, and has the penetration capacity to vegetation and ground, now has been widely used in fields such as resource exploration, major disasters estimation, the earth mapping, militarily has more original advantage.And the SAR antenna is one of key subsystem of decision synthetic aperture radar performance, and the quality of antenna has directly influenced the performances such as sensitivity, distance and bearing resolution, image blur degree and mapping bandwidth of system.
An important trend of SAR antenna is common bore, multiband, multipolarization, broadband at present.Multipolarization can improve amount of information, multiband work provides good scanning resolution, penetrability and reflectance data to different reflectors, utilize the shared antenna array of two or more wave bands, can give full play at each different-waveband and carry out the characteristics that radar surveying had simultaneously; The realization of shared-aperture has not only reduced weight and volume, can also share many radar subsystems of antenna array back, improves the payload of spaceborne system, the efficient of the energy.
Carried out broad research in the world to its realization technology, as: the dual-band dual-polarized research of aperture micro-strip antenna array altogether of Canadian Manitoba university and MTC company and the cooperation development L/C of CSA company, the research of two kinds of dual-band dual-polarized aperture micro-strip antenna arrays altogether of L/C that Massachusetts, United States university carries out under JPL subsidizes and L/X etc., different two waveband amalgamation modes is inquired into, as: the perforate paster, the cross paster, (R.Pokuls such as arrangement interweave, J.Uher and D.M.Pozer, Dual-frequency and dual-polarization microstrip antennas for SAR applications, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vo1.46, Sep.1998, pp.1289-1296).Many work have also been done in this direction by my seminar, made practical sandwich construction single band dual polarization SAR microstrip antenna array model machine (Xian-Ling Liang, Shun-Shi Zhong and Wei Wang, Dual-Polarized corner-fed patch antenna array with high isolation, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2005,47 (6): 520-522).We had made the dual-band dual-polarized SAR microstrip antenna array experiment of a kind of altogether bore S/X antenna (paster/oscillator interweave arrangement) (X.Qu again in 2006, S.-S.Zhong and Y.-M.Zhang, Dual-band Dual-Polarised microstrip antenna array for SAR application, Electronic Letters, 2006,42 (24): 1376-1377), be the secondary antenna array of the same type of domestic first.And the designing technique of dual-band dual-polarized antenna battle array (clock up time, the dual-band dual-polarized altogether aperture antenna battle array technology of synthetic aperture radar, modern radar, 2009,31 (11): 1-5) have been carried out summarizing in 2008.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of L/S/X triband dual polarization planar array antenna, its periodicity continuation can obtain to be used for the entire antenna panel of satellite-borne SAR.This antenna array should all have on two interareas of three frequency ranges ± 25 ° the ability of sweeping mutually and have the characteristics of broadband, high polarization isolation and low-cross polarization.
For achieving the above object, thinking of the present invention is: the experience that is total to bore dual-band dual-polarized antenna submatrix by this seminar known designs, serious interference and front are very crowded between bore dual-band antenna battle array wave band altogether, feedback network arrangements difficulty is difficult to also there is no need with similar method three wave bands to be integrated in the bore face of same submatrix.
Consider from the angle of whole SAR system, generally wish the beamwidth that obtains at the azimuth direction different-waveband (to obtain close image scanning bandwidth) about equally, mean that its orientation should be proportional to this wave band wavelength to bore face length degree.Therefore, even if work out triband dual polarized antenna submatrix, when system-level group of battle array, because L, S-band bore face is bigger, and the non-homogeneous bore face that can produce as shown in Figure 1 distributes.From figure, can find, in the battle array 3 wave band radiating elements of part, feedback net concentrate, crowded, and L/S/X triband submatrix must be close to (because having the graing lobe problem of S-band) with L/S two waveband submatrix, has a strong impact on intersegmental isolation index.
The design has adopted another kind of integration scenario, as shown in Figure 2.Antenna array is spliced for the L-band submatrix by the dual-band dual-polarized submatrix of the L/S of both sides, the dual-band dual-polarized submatrix of L/X and central part, its orientation is respectively to the bore face: L-band 0.72 * 2+0.36+1.08=2.88m, S-band 1.08m, X-band 0.36m meets 8: 3: 1 ratio.Because the maximum caliber face length degree of full battle array depends on L-band bore face length degree, do not compare among full battle array size and Fig. 1 among Fig. 2 and do not become big.
This scheme resolves into the design work of triband double polarized antenna the development work of 2 dual-band dual-polarized antenna submatrixs in fact, make the design work of triband double polarized antenna can use for reference in a large number before my seminar experience has been arranged, and meet the theory of engineering upper module formula exploitation.
According to the foregoing invention thinking, the technical scheme of employing is as follows:
A kind of L/S/X triband dual polarization planar array antenna comprises two width of cloth L/X, L/S a bore dual-band dual-polarized antenna submatrix and a width of cloth L-band dual polarization submatrix altogether, and its characteristics are:
A. adopt the technology of submatrix splicing, L/X, L/S two width of cloth are total to bore dual-band dual-polarized antenna submatrix and L/S/X triband dual polarization planar array antenna of width of cloth L-band dual polarization submatrix composition.Relative traditional design thinking, this design can be continued to use original dual-band dual-polarized antenna design experiences in a large number, and the design efficiency height, and reliability of technology is good;
B. the mode of structuring the formation that described two dual-band dual-polarized antenna submatrixs have all adopted lamination microstrip patch and printed dipole to interweave has all adopted " paired anti-phase excitation " technology to improve the cross-polarization performance of full battle array at three wave bands; The L-band oscillator adopted " T " font to distribute with the raising polarization isolation when submatrix front was arranged, and horizontal/vertical polarization oscillator has adopted different element number to overlap with the phase center of perpendicular polarization with the assurance level;
C. the structure of the lamination paster of two width of cloth submatrixs is: X-band drives paster, S-band drives the upside that paster places the 6th substrate, the 3rd substrate respectively, X-band parasitic patch, S-band parasitic patch place the downside of the 5th substrate, second substrate respectively, and the 5th substrate and the 6th substrate, second substrate and the 3rd substrate are separated by the 5th froth bed and second froth bed respectively; Directly adopt the mode of probe excitation to carry out feed, reduced process complexity; And on S, X driving paster, introduce isolation channel, to improve the polarization isolation performance in the target band;
The L-band dipole of d.L/S submatrix is embedded in the space of S-band lamination paster, is made up of the feedback net of the 3rd substrate upside, the vertical transition parallel metal two-wire that runs through first, second, third 3 laminar substrates and first, second two layers of foam layer, the printed dipole that is positioned at the first substrate downside;
The design of the dipole of e.L single band submatrix and L/X submatrix to design similar, difference only is to present the substrate sheet metal thickness difference at net place, parameter and dipole length of the coupling minor matters line of its feedback net also change to some extent;
F. when cutting apart, submatrix cuts to the L-band Vertically Polarized Dipole, in the feedback net, have a mind to introduce reactive during design, it is about 20% to make that dipole length shortens, thereby has solved the L-band scan capability of introducing in the submatrix splicing under 3: 1 frequency ratios and limit this problem.
The present invention and like product are relatively, have following conspicuous outstanding substantive distinguishing features and remarkable advantage: compare with the SIR-C/X-SAR tri-band antenna battle array that U.S.'s shuttle Endeavour in 2000 is entrained, owing to adopted common bore technology, it is about 33.3% that front overall dimension (direction dimension) has reduced, and this is helpful for improving payload.In addition, in disclosed document, the author does not see as yet to the play-by-play of aperture antenna battle array altogether of this type of triband multipolarization (pearl left in the depths of the sea is unavoidable certainly), because standard and the dual-band antenna battle array passed judgment on are similar, just compare with the dual-band antenna battle array here.The design's antenna array all has broad and close relative bandwidth on three frequency ranges as can be seen.Correction data sees the following form.
Table 1
* annotate: '-' is owing to adopted single polarization or circular polarization in the table, therefore do not have this index.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the comprehensive schematic diagram (L/S/X triband submatrix+L/S two waveband submatrix+L-band submatrix) of the full battle array of the triband of traditional thinking design.
Fig. 2 is comprehensive method of the present invention (L/S, a L/X two waveband submatrix+L-band submatrix) schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is a L/S/X triband dual polarization planar array antenna structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the vertical view and the profile of S-band fluting dual polarization lamination paster.
Fig. 5 is the vertical view and the profile of X-band fluting dual polarization lamination paster.
Fig. 6 is the perspective view of L-band dipole, feeder line and balun thereof.
Fig. 7 is the S-band cell S Parameter Map (return loss of dual-port, unit polarization isolation) of the L/S submatrix of emulation.
Fig. 8 is the S-band unit antenna pattern of the L/S submatrix of emulation.
Fig. 9 is the X-band cell S Parameter Map (return loss of dual-port, unit polarization isolation) of the L/X submatrix of emulation.
Figure 10 is the X-band unit antenna pattern of the L/X submatrix of emulation.
Figure 11 is the S of L-band oscillator of the L/S submatrix of emulation
11Figure.
Figure 12 is the L-band unit antenna pattern of the L/S submatrix of emulation.
Figure 13 is the S of L-band oscillator of the L/X submatrix of emulation
11Figure.
Figure 14 is the L-band unit antenna pattern of the L/X submatrix of emulation.
Embodiment:
The preferred embodiments of the present invention accompanying drawings is as follows:
Embodiment one: referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the structure of this L/S/X triband dual polarization planar array antenna: the S-band unit 4 of L/S submatrix 1, the X-band unit 5 of L/X submatrix 2 all adopt the arrangement mode of " paired anti-phase feed ", have realized the low-cross polarization performance on the radiation direction; L-band dipole 6,7 adopts the mode that interweaves to be embedded in the spacing space of S-band unit, and the oscillator of level and perpendicular polarization adopts " T " font arrangement mode, realizes good polarization isolation; Itself just has outstanding cross-polarization performance the L-band unit, has also still adopted the mode of " paired anti-phase feed " in arranging; " T " word of the micro-strip oscillator of two polarization of L-band is arranged, it has caused its geometric center not overlap, this routine submatrix has adopted 3 perpendicular polarization oscillators with two horizontal polarization oscillators, realized overlapping of L-band horizontal polarization and perpendicular polarization phase center on the submatrix aspect, this is significant for polarimetric radar; Be close to 3: 1 frequency ratio owing to adopted, divide to submatrix and brought some difficulties.In order to guarantee that submatrix splicing back L-band spacing satisfies ± 25 ° of scannings and requires (0.667 λ
0), must adopt the submatrix dividing mode in (1), therefore the submatrix scale is defined as 8 * 3 yuan of battle arrays.In addition, when cutting apart, submatrix cuts to L-band Vertically Polarized Dipole 6, in the feedback net, have a mind to introduce reactive during design, make dipole length shorten about 20% (L-band dipole 6 long 103.7mm of L/S submatrix, and the L-band dipole 7 long 125.7mm of L/X submatrix).
Fig. 4,5 illustrates S-band and X-band lamination microstrip patch unit 4,5 respectively.X-band drives paster 24, S-band drives the upside that paster 28 places the 6th substrate 23, the 3rd substrate 16 respectively, X-band parasitic patch 25, S-band parasitic patch 29 place the downside of the 5th substrate 21, second substrate 14 respectively, and the 5th substrate 21 and the 6th substrate 23, second substrate 14 and the 3rd substrate 16 are separated by the 5th froth bed 22 and second froth bed 15 respectively.This structure not only help to increase the cell impedance bandwidth (S-band is 3.18-3.74GHz among Fig. 6,16%; X-band is 9.1-10.7GHz among Fig. 8,16%) and, the effect of also having opened director has simultaneously improved module gain (among Fig. 7,9, all about 9dB) significantly; Feed adopts probe excitation mode 26,30, has greatly simplified manufacturing procedure and has improved process reliability.Drive and adopt auricle 26,30, the effect that has matched impedance concurrently and rationally stagger joint location on the paster.S, X drive leave on the paster 24,28 difform isolation channel 8,27 improve polarization isolation on the special frequency channel (isolation in the L/S wave band S unit band among Fig. 6＜-28dB, isolation in the L/X wave band X unit band＜-30dB);
Figure 6 shows that the L-band dipole 6 of L/S submatrix.It is made up of the feedback net 11 of the 3rd substrate 16 upsides, the vertical transition parallel metal two-wire 10 that runs through first, second, third 3 laminar substrates 12,14,16 and first, second two layers of foam layer 13,15, the printed dipole that is positioned at first substrate, 12 downsides.This design quite compact on one dimension (presenting net, all wide 5mm that is no more than of dipole, only is 0.02 times of centre frequency wavelength) helps the arrangement that interweaves of front.Owing to increased distance (1/4 λ of the liftoff plate of dipole
0), having reduced antenna element Q value, the beamwidth of antenna has obtained broadening (Figure 10,12,1.17-1.34GHz,＞13%).Dipole 7 designs of L single band submatrix and L/X submatrix are similarly distinguished and only are two selected substrate 16,18,23 sheet metal thickness differences of submatrix, and parameter and dipole length of the coupling minor matters line 11 of its feedback net change to some extent;
Embodiment two: present embodiment is identical with embodiment one basically, and the difference part is as follows:
The parameter of L/S/X triband dual polarization planar array antenna is as follows: the lower floor second of two width of cloth submatrixs 1,3, the 5th froth bed 15,22 thickness (hf) (are X-band 1.5mm-3.6mm for the 5%-12% of the centre frequency wavelength of place frequency range; S-band 4.2mm-10.5mm), the following paster length of side (l_a among Fig. 3,4, l_b) is X-band: 6mm-10mm, S-band: 18mm-28mm, the about 1.05-1.3 of paster side ratio (u_a/l_a, u_b/l_b) up and down; In the design of L-band printed dipole 6,7, upper strata first, the 4th froth bed 13,20 thickness (hf1) are the 15%-27% of the centre frequency wavelength of place frequency range, (being 36-65mm); L/S submatrix L-band dipole 6 length are 80-120mm, and L/X submatrix L-band dipole (7) length is 100-140mm; The length (f1 among Fig. 6) of feedback net (11) is about 65-95mm; Coupling minor matters line lengths (t) are about: L/S submatrix 16-28mm, L/X submatrix 1-12mm; Relative dielectric constant (the ε of all substrates 12,14,16,19,21,23,19,18
r) be 2-5, its dielectric loss angle tangent (tg δ) is less than or equal to 0.002; All foams (13,15,17,20,22) relative dielectric constant (ε
r) be 1-1.2.
Fig. 7-8 has provided the simulation performance of L/S submatrix S-band lamination microstrip patch 4, and Fig. 9-10 is depicted as the simulation result of L/X submatrix X-band lamination microstrip patch 5.The bandwidth of 560MHz (3.18-3.74GHz, 16%) and the impedance bandwidth of 1.6GHz (9.1-10.7GHz, 16%) have been realized respectively; Because the utilization of stack technology, two wave band gains are all higher, and more approaching, are about 9dB, and in whole frequency gain stabilization; The isolation of two wave bands all＜-30dB.
Figure 11-14 is respectively L-band dipole 6, the 7 unit simulation performance figure of L/S submatrix and L/X submatrix.All realized the impedance bandwidth of 170MHz (1.17-1.34GHz,＞13%); Owing to the effect of reflecting plate, the gain of dipole is about 8dB simultaneously.
Three wave band bandwidth of this antenna are suitable (relative bandwidth L/S/X is respectively 13%, 16%, 16%) roughly, gain also similar (L/S/X is respectively 8/9/9dB), and stable in the whole frequency band.Realized the ability of shared-aperture triband dual polarization two interarea scanning works after the submatrix splicing.
Claims (4)
1. a L/S/X triband dual polarization planar array antenna comprises two width of cloth L/X, L/S a bore dual-band dual-polarized antenna submatrix (1,3) and a width of cloth L-band dual polarization submatrix (2) altogether, it is characterized in that:
A. adopt the technology of submatrix splicing, two described L/X, L/S are total to bore dual-band dual-polarized antenna submatrix (1,3) form a L/S/X triband dual polarization planar array antenna with a width of cloth L-band dual polarization submatrix (2);
B. the mode of structuring the formation that described two dual-band dual-polarized antenna submatrixs (1,3) have all adopted lamination microstrip patch (4,5) and printed dipole (6,7) to interweave has all adopted " paired anti-phase excitation " technology to improve the cross-polarization performance of full battle array at three wave bands; L-band oscillator (6,7) adopted " T " font to distribute with the raising polarization isolation when submatrix front was arranged, and horizontal/vertical polarization oscillator has adopted different element number to overlap with the phase center of perpendicular polarization with the assurance level;
C. the lamination paster (4 of two width of cloth submatrixs, 5) structure is: X-band drives paster (24), S-band drives the upside that paster (28) places the 6th substrate (23), the 3rd substrate (16) respectively, X-band parasitic patch (25), S-band parasitic patch (29) place the downside of the 5th substrate (21), second substrate (14) respectively, and the 5th substrate (21) is separated by the 5th froth bed (22) and second froth bed (15) respectively with the 3rd substrate (16) with the 6th substrate (23), second substrate (14); Directly adopt the mode of probe excitation (26,30) to carry out feed, reduced process complexity; And go up introducing isolation channel (8,27) at the driving paster (24,28) of S, X-band, to improve the polarization isolation performance in the target band;
The L-band dipole (6) of d.L/S submatrix is embedded in the space of S-band lamination paster (4), by the feedback net (11) of the 3rd substrate (16) upside, run through first, second, third 3 laminar substrates (12,14,16) and the vertical transition parallel metal two-wire (10) of first, second two layers of foam layer (13,15), the printed dipole that is positioned at first substrate (12) downside form;
The dipole of e.L single band submatrix and L/X submatrix (7) structure and (6) structural similarity, difference only is to present substrate (16,18,23) the thickness difference at net place, and the parameter and the dipole length of the coupling minor matters line (11) of its feedback net also change to some extent;
F. when cutting apart, submatrix cuts to L-band Vertically Polarized Dipole (6), in the feedback net, introduced reactive, it is about 20% to make that dipole length shortens, thereby has solved the L-band scan capability of introducing in the submatrix splicing under 3: 1 frequency ratios and limit this problem.
2. L/S/X triband dual polarization planar array antenna according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described two width of cloth submatrixs (1, froth bed (15,22) thickness (hf) scope of high frequency radiation unit 3) is the 5%-12% of the centre frequency wavelength of place frequency range, i.e. X-band 1.5mm-3.6mm; S-band 4.2mm-10.5mm, the following paster length of side (l_a, l_b) is X-band: 6mm-10mm, S-band: 18mm-28mm, paster side ratio (u_a/l_a, u_b/l_b) is 1.05-1.3 up and down.
3. L/S/X triband dual polarization planar array antenna according to claim 1, it is characterized in that L-band printed dipole (6,7), the upper foam layer (13 of parallel wire feed and balun feedback net integrated (11), 20) thickness (hf1) is the 15%-27% of the centre frequency wavelength of place frequency range, i.e. 36-65mm; L/S submatrix L-band dipole (6) length is 80-120mm, and L/X submatrix L-band dipole (7) length is 100-140mm; The length (f1) of feedback net (11) is 65-95mm; Coupling minor matters line lengths (t) are: L/S submatrix 16-28mm, L/X submatrix 1-12mm.
4. L/S/X triband dual polarization planar array antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that the relative dielectric constant (ε of described substrate (12,14,16,19,21,23,19,18)
r) be 2～5, its dielectric loss angle tangent (tg δ) is less than or equal to 0.002; Froth bed (13,15,17,20,22) relative dielectric constant (ε
r) be 1～1.1.
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