CN101979679A - A kind of sulfuric acid leaching method for processing chromite - Google Patents
A kind of sulfuric acid leaching method for processing chromite Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于矿物加工技术领域,涉及铬铁矿的加工技术,具体涉及硫酸浸出处理铬铁矿的方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral processing, and relates to the processing technology of chromite, in particular to a method for treating chromite by sulfuric acid leaching.
背景技术Background technique
目前铬盐制备工艺多以铬铁矿为原料,采用钙化焙烧工艺,不仅工艺流程长,而且在生产过程中产生大量含有Cr6+的废渣,而这种废渣已被世界各国列为固体废弃物治理的重中之重。铬盐的主要生产工艺有以下几种:At present, the chromium salt preparation process mostly uses chromite as raw material and adopts calcification roasting process, which not only has a long process flow, but also produces a large amount of waste residue containing Cr 6+ in the production process, and this waste residue has been listed as solid waste by countries all over the world The top priority of governance. The main production processes of chromium salts are as follows:
(1)铬铁矿有钙焙烧—纯碱浸出—除杂—浓缩—酸化—脱硝—结晶—重铬酸钠—还原—硫酸铬溶液(不仅生产1吨重铬酸钠产生含有Cr6+的废渣约2.5吨,还产生大量的六价铬溶液,铬回收率较低75%~82%);(1) Calcium roasting of chromite - soda ash leaching - impurity removal - concentration - acidification - denitrification - crystallization - sodium dichromate - reduction - chromium sulfate solution (not only the production of 1 ton of sodium dichromate produces waste residue containing Cr 6+ About 2.5 tons, and a large amount of hexavalent chromium solution is also produced, and the chromium recovery rate is as low as 75%~82%);
(2)铬铁矿无钙焙烧—纯碱浸出—除杂—浓缩—酸化—脱硝—结晶—重铬酸钠—还原—硫酸铬溶液(不仅生产1吨重铬酸钠产生含有Cr6+的废渣为约1吨,还产生大量的六价铬溶液,铬回收率较低70%~82%);(2) Calcium-free roasting of chromite - soda ash leaching - impurity removal - concentration - acidification - denitrification - crystallization - sodium dichromate - reduction - chromium sulfate solution (not only the production of 1 ton of sodium dichromate produces waste residue containing Cr 6+ It is about 1 ton, and a large amount of hexavalent chromium solution is also produced, and the recovery rate of chromium is as low as 70%~82%);
(3)铬铁矿熔盐法浸出—除杂—浓缩—酸化—结晶—重铬酸钠—还原—硫酸铬溶液(未工业化生产)。(3) Chromite molten salt leaching—removal of impurities—concentration—acidification—crystallization—sodium dichromate—reduction—chromium sulfate solution (not industrialized).
(4)常压下铬铁矿硫酸浸出,尾渣主要成分为二氧化硅,且氧化剂和硫酸消耗量大(未工业化生产)。(4) In sulfuric acid leaching of chromite under normal pressure, the main component of the tailings is silica, and the consumption of oxidant and sulfuric acid is large (not industrialized).
我国作为世界最大的生产国和消费国,其铬盐产量约占世界的三分之一,改进目前碱法(有钙焙烧)和硫酸浸出工艺,不仅可以从生产源头上避免污染现象的发生,而且对于铬盐行业的可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。As the world's largest producer and consumer, my country's chromium salt production accounts for about one-third of the world's total. Improving the current alkaline method (with calcium roasting) and sulfuric acid leaching process can not only avoid pollution from the source of production, Moreover, it has important practical significance for the sustainable development of the chromium salt industry.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对目前铬铁矿制备铬盐工艺存在的不足之处,本发明提供一种硫酸浸出处理铬铁矿的方法,达到提高铬收率、减少“三废”排放、减少环境污染及降低生产成本的目的。Aiming at the deficiencies in the current process for preparing chromite from chromite, the present invention provides a method for leaching chromite with sulfuric acid to achieve the goals of increasing chromium yield, reducing "three wastes" emissions, reducing environmental pollution and reducing production costs .
本发明方法的工艺过程如下。The technological process of the inventive method is as follows.
将铬铁矿研磨成粒度38~180 的矿粉,向矿粉中加入质量浓度为50%~85%的硫酸,硫酸加入量为矿粉质量的0.5~1.5倍,搅拌,搅拌转速为45~500转/分钟,加入氧化剂,氧化剂为铬酸酐、氯酸钾或过硫酸铵,其加入量为矿粉质量的0.2%~7%,加热,加热温度为120~190℃,控制反应压力为0.2~1.2MPa,反应时间为30~90min。Grind the chromite ore to a particle size of 38-180 mineral powder, add sulfuric acid with a mass concentration of 50% to 85% to the mineral powder, the amount of sulfuric acid added is 0.5 to 1.5 times the mass of the mineral powder, stir, the stirring speed is 45 to 500 rpm, add an oxidant, the oxidant is Chromic anhydride, potassium chlorate or ammonium persulfate are added in an amount of 0.2% to 7% of the mass of mineral powder, heated at a temperature of 120 to 190°C, the reaction pressure is controlled at 0.2 to 1.2 MPa, and the reaction time is 30 to 90 minutes.
上述工艺过程主要化学反应如下:The main chemical reactions in the above process are as follows:
(1) (1)
(2) (2)
(3) (3)
(4) (4)
铬酐溶解Fe(CrO2)2的主要方程式如下:The main equation for chromic anhydride to dissolve Fe(CrO 2 ) 2 is as follows:
(5) (5)
氯酸钾溶解Fe(CrO2)2的主要方程式如下:The main equation for potassium chlorate to dissolve Fe(CrO 2 ) 2 is as follows:
(6) (6)
过硫酸铵溶解Fe(CrO2)2的主要方程式如下:The main equation for the dissolution of Fe(CrO 2 ) 2 by ammonium persulfate is as follows:
(7) (7)
反应完成后过滤,进行固液分离,滤渣成分主要为硅酸铁和微量的二氧化硅,滤渣中铬的质量含量低于0.3%。滤液是硫酸铬和硫酸铁为主要成分的混合溶液。滤渣直接作为冶炼硅铁的原料。通过对滤液进行除铁处理得到硫酸铬溶液,进一步通过直接结晶的方法制备硫酸铬。所制备的硫酸铬产品指标如表1所示,采用化学分析方法。After the reaction is completed, filter and perform solid-liquid separation. The main components of the filter residue are iron silicate and a small amount of silicon dioxide, and the mass content of chromium in the filter residue is less than 0.3%. The filtrate is a mixed solution with chromium sulfate and iron sulfate as main components. The filter residue is directly used as raw material for ferrosilicon smelting. The chromium sulfate solution is obtained by performing iron removal treatment on the filtrate, and the chromium sulfate is further prepared by a direct crystallization method. Prepared chromium sulfate product index is as shown in table 1, adopts chemical analysis method.
本发明与已有技术相比较,最为显著的特点为工艺流程短,无“三废”排放。滤渣不含有六价铬,且滤渣重量少,仅为铬铁矿重量的10%左右,可以作为冶炼硅铁的原料。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the most notable features of short technological process and no discharge of "three wastes". The filter residue does not contain hexavalent chromium, and the weight of the filter residue is only about 10% of the weight of chromite ore, so it can be used as a raw material for smelting ferrosilicon.
the
表1 直接结晶制备的硫酸铬指标Table 1 Index of chromium sulfate prepared by direct crystallization
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的工艺流程示意图;Fig. 1 is the technological process schematic diagram of the present invention;
图2为实施例1滤渣的X射线衍射(XRD)曲线。Fig. 2 is the X-ray diffraction (XRD) curve of the filter residue of Example 1.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例加工的铬铁矿的主要化学成分如表2所示。The main chemical components of the chromite processed in the examples are shown in Table 2.
表2实施例加工的铬铁矿主要化学成分The main chemical composition of the chromite ore processed by the embodiment of table 2
实施例1Example 1
硫酸浸出处理铬铁矿的方法工艺过程如下。The process of sulfuric acid leaching method for treating chromite is as follows.
将铬铁矿研磨成粒度100的矿粉,向矿粉中加入质量浓度为68%的硫酸,硫酸加入量为矿粉质量的1.0倍,搅拌,搅拌转速为250转/分钟,加入氧化剂,氧化剂为铬酸酐,其加入量为矿粉质量的3.2%,加热,加热温度为155℃,控制反应压力为0.7MPa,反应时间为60min。Grind chromite to size 100 The ore powder, add the sulfuric acid that mass concentration is 68% in the ore powder, and the sulfuric acid addition amount is 1.0 times of the ore powder quality, stirs, and stirring speed is 250 rev/mins, adds oxidant, and oxidant is chromic anhydride, and its addition is 3.2% of the mass of mineral powder, heating, the heating temperature is 155 ° C, the control reaction pressure is 0.7 MPa, and the reaction time is 60 min.
上述工艺过程主要化学反应如下:The main chemical reactions in the above process are as follows:
(1) (1)
(2) (2)
(3) (3)
(4) (4)
铬酐溶解Fe(CrO2)2的主要方程式如下:The main equation for chromic anhydride to dissolve Fe(CrO 2 ) 2 is as follows:
(5) (5)
反应完成后过滤,过滤设备采用板框压滤机,压力1.6MPa,进行固液分离,滤渣成分为硅酸铁和微量的二氧化硅,滤渣中铬的质量含量低于0.3%。滤液是硫酸铬和硫酸铁为主要成分的混合溶液。滤渣直接作为冶炼硅铁的主要原料。通过对滤液进行除铁处理得到硫酸铬溶液,进一步通过直接结晶的方法制备硫酸铬。所制备的硫酸铬产品指标如表1所示,采用化学分析方法。After the reaction is completed, filter. The filter equipment adopts a plate and frame filter press with a pressure of 1.6 MPa to separate solid and liquid. The filter residue is composed of iron silicate and trace silicon dioxide. The mass content of chromium in the filter residue is less than 0.3%. The filtrate is a mixed solution with chromium sulfate and iron sulfate as main components. The filter residue is directly used as the main raw material for smelting ferrosilicon. The chromium sulfate solution is obtained by performing iron removal treatment on the filtrate, and the chromium sulfate is further prepared by a direct crystallization method. Prepared chromium sulfate product index is as shown in table 1, adopts chemical analysis method.
实施例2 Example 2
硫酸浸出处理铬铁矿的方法工艺过程如下。The process of sulfuric acid leaching method for treating chromite is as follows.
将铬铁矿研磨成粒度180的矿粉,向矿粉中加入质量浓度为85%的硫酸,硫酸加入量为矿粉质量的0.5倍,搅拌,搅拌转速为500转/分钟,加入氧化剂,氧化剂为氯酸钾,其加入量为矿粉质量的7%,加热,加热温度为190℃,控制反应压力为1.2MPa,反应时间为30min。Grind the chromite to a grit size of 180 ore powder, add sulfuric acid with a mass concentration of 85% to the ore powder, the amount of sulfuric acid added is 0.5 times the mass of the ore powder, stir, the stirring speed is 500 rpm, add an oxidant, the oxidant is potassium chlorate, and its addition is ore 7% of powder mass, heating, heating temperature is 190°C, controlled reaction pressure is 1.2MPa, and reaction time is 30min.
上述工艺过程主要化学反应如下:The main chemical reactions in the above process are as follows:
(1) (1)
(2) (2)
(3) (3)
(4) (4)
氯酸钾溶解Fe(CrO2)2的主要方程式如下:The main equation for potassium chlorate to dissolve Fe(CrO 2 ) 2 is as follows:
(6) (6)
反应完成后过滤,过滤设备采用板框压滤机,压力1.6MPa,进行固液分离,滤渣成分为硅酸铁和微量的二氧化硅,滤渣中铬的质量含量低于0.3%。滤液是硫酸铬和硫酸铁为主要成分的混合溶液。滤渣直接作为冶炼硅铁的主要原料。通过对滤液进行除铁处理得到硫酸铬溶液,进一步通过直接结晶的方法制备硫酸铬。所制备的硫酸铬产品指标如表1所示,采用化学分析方法。After the reaction is completed, filter. The filter equipment adopts a plate and frame filter press with a pressure of 1.6 MPa to separate solid and liquid. The filter residue is composed of iron silicate and trace silicon dioxide. The mass content of chromium in the filter residue is less than 0.3%. The filtrate is a mixed solution with chromium sulfate and iron sulfate as main components. The filter residue is directly used as the main raw material for smelting ferrosilicon. The chromium sulfate solution is obtained by performing iron removal treatment on the filtrate, and the chromium sulfate is further prepared by a direct crystallization method. Prepared chromium sulfate product index is as shown in table 1, adopts chemical analysis method.
实施例3Example 3
硫酸浸出处理铬铁矿的方法工艺过程如下。The process of sulfuric acid leaching method for treating chromite is as follows.
将铬铁矿研磨成粒度38的矿粉,向矿粉中加入质量浓度为50%的硫酸,硫酸加入量为矿粉质量的1.5倍,搅拌,搅拌转速为45转/分钟,加入氧化剂,氧化剂为过硫酸铵,其加入量为矿粉质量的0.2%,加热,加热温度为120℃,控制反应压力为0.2MPa,反应时间为90min。Grind chromite to size 38 mineral powder, add sulfuric acid with a mass concentration of 50% to the mineral powder, the amount of sulfuric acid added is 1.5 times the mass of the mineral powder, stir, the stirring speed is 45 rpm, add an oxidant, the oxidant is ammonium persulfate, the amount of It is 0.2% of the mass of mineral powder, heated, the heating temperature is 120°C, the controlled reaction pressure is 0.2MPa, and the reaction time is 90min.
上述工艺过程主要化学反应如下:The main chemical reactions in the above process are as follows:
(1) (1)
(2) (2)
(3) (3)
(4) (4)
过硫酸铵溶解Fe(CrO2)2的主要方程式如下:The main equation for the dissolution of Fe(CrO 2 ) 2 by ammonium persulfate is as follows:
(7) (7)
反应完成后过滤,过滤设备采用板框压滤机,压力1.6MPa,进行固液分离,滤渣成分为硅酸铁和微量的二氧化硅,滤渣中铬的质量含量低于0.3%。滤液是硫酸铬和硫酸铁为主要成分的混合溶液。滤渣直接作为冶炼硅铁的主要原料。通过对滤液进行除铁处理得到硫酸铬溶液,进一步通过直接结晶的方法制备硫酸铬。所制备的硫酸铬产品指标如表1所示,采用化学分析方法。After the reaction is completed, filter. The filter equipment adopts a plate and frame filter press with a pressure of 1.6 MPa to separate solid and liquid. The filter residue is composed of iron silicate and trace silicon dioxide. The mass content of chromium in the filter residue is less than 0.3%. The filtrate is a mixed solution with chromium sulfate and iron sulfate as main components. The filter residue is directly used as the main raw material for smelting ferrosilicon. The chromium sulfate solution is obtained by performing iron removal treatment on the filtrate, and the chromium sulfate is further prepared by a direct crystallization method. Prepared chromium sulfate product index is as shown in table 1, adopts chemical analysis method.
实施例4Example 4
硫酸浸出处理铬铁矿的方法工艺过程如下。The process of sulfuric acid leaching method for treating chromite is as follows.
将铬铁矿研磨成粒度60的矿粉,向矿粉中加入质量浓度为60%的硫酸,硫酸加入量为矿粉质量的1.2倍,搅拌,搅拌转速为180转/分钟,加入氧化剂,氧化剂为铬酸酐,其加入量为矿粉质量的1.5%,加热,加热温度为150℃,控制反应压力为0.8MPa,反应时间为45min。Grind the chromite ore to a grit size of 60 The ore powder, adding mass concentration to the ore powder is 60% sulfuric acid, the amount of sulfuric acid added is 1.2 times the mass of the ore powder, stirring, the stirring speed is 180 rpm, adding an oxidizing agent, the oxidizing agent is chromic anhydride, and its addition is 1.5% of the mass of mineral powder, heating, the heating temperature is 150 ℃, the control reaction pressure is 0.8MPa, and the reaction time is 45min.
上述工艺过程主要化学反应如下:The main chemical reactions in the above process are as follows:
(1) (1)
(2) (2)
(3) (3)
(4) (4)
铬酐溶解Fe(CrO2)2的主要方程式如下:The main equation for chromic anhydride to dissolve Fe(CrO 2 ) 2 is as follows:
(5) (5)
反应完成后过滤,过滤设备采用板框压滤机,压力1.6MPa,进行固液分离,滤渣成分为硅酸铁和微量的二氧化硅,滤渣中铬的质量含量低于0.3%。滤液是硫酸铬和硫酸铁为主要成分的混合溶液。滤渣直接作为冶炼硅铁的主要原料。通过对滤液进行除铁处理得到硫酸铬溶液,进一步通过直接结晶的方法制备硫酸铬。所制备的硫酸铬产品指标如表1所示,采用化学分析方法。After the reaction is completed, filter. The filter equipment adopts a plate and frame filter press with a pressure of 1.6 MPa to separate solid and liquid. The filter residue is composed of iron silicate and trace silicon dioxide. The mass content of chromium in the filter residue is less than 0.3%. The filtrate is a mixed solution with chromium sulfate and iron sulfate as main components. The filter residue is directly used as the main raw material for smelting ferrosilicon. The chromium sulfate solution is obtained by performing iron removal treatment on the filtrate, and the chromium sulfate is further prepared by a direct crystallization method. Prepared chromium sulfate product index is as shown in table 1, adopts chemical analysis method.
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CN102268545A (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2011-12-07 | 广西冶金研究院 | Intensified leaching method and device |
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CN105347399A (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2016-02-24 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Chromium leaching method by ammonium sulfate roasting decomposition of chromite |
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CN102268545A (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2011-12-07 | 广西冶金研究院 | Intensified leaching method and device |
CN102268545B (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2012-12-12 | 广西冶金研究院 | Intensified leaching method and device |
CN105347399A (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2016-02-24 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Chromium leaching method by ammonium sulfate roasting decomposition of chromite |
CN105347399B (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2017-11-14 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | A kind of method that ammonium sulfate Roasting Decomposition chromite leaches chromium |
CN104843790A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-08-19 | 四川省银河化学股份有限公司 | Method for preparing sodium chromate from chromite by acid dissolution oxygenation |
CN105695760A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-06-22 | 东北大学 | Method for carrying out two-stage countercurrent leaching on chromium-containing vanadium slag and extracting vanadium and chromium in separating manner |
CN105695760B (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2018-05-29 | 东北大学 | A kind of method of two sections of counterflow leachings of vanadium slag containing chromium type and separation and Extraction vanadium chromium |
CN106186067A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-12-07 | 于佳湲 | A kind of method producing chromic oxide for raw material cleaning with chromite |
CN106186067B (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2017-11-17 | 于佳湲 | A kind of method using chromite as raw material clean manufacturing chrome green |
CN108910950A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2018-11-30 | 成都铬科高化工技术有限责任公司 | A method of by preparing sodium chromate from chromite |
CN111620370A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-09-04 | 重庆理工大学 | Electric field enhanced efficient chromite leaching method |
CN113998741A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-02-01 | 单淼 | Method for preparing iron-based electrode material by taking waste iron sheet as raw material |
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