CN101976959A - Controller and adjustment and control method for controller - Google Patents
Controller and adjustment and control method for controller Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a controller. The controller comprises a switch tube, a first hysteresis comparator, a second hysteresis comparator, a pulse width modulation (PWM) comparator, a control signal (CS) comparator, an or gate and a logic controller, wherein the switch tube controls work of a transformer; the first hysteresis comparator compares a comparator (COMP) signal with load threshold value Vref1 and outputs a burst signal; the second hysteresis comparator compares a source voltage VCC with a power threshold value Vref2 and outputs a hold signal; a control end of the PWM comparator is connected with the burst signal, and an output end is connected with the logic controller; an output end of the CS comparator is connected with the logic controller; two input ends of the or gate are connected with the hold signal and the burst signal respectively and output a control signal (control) to the logic controller; the logic controller controls the switch tube; and when COMP is less than Vref1 and VCC is less than Vref2, the controller works in a holdup mode, the PWM comparator is shielded, the comparison level of the CS comparator is low level, and the switch tube has output and keeps the power voltage VCC over under-voltage locking voltage. The invention also discloses an adjustment and control method for the controller. The adjustment and control method has a good power-saving effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the controller technology field, more particularly, relate to a kind of controller that under the underloading condition, can lower quiescent dissipation and based on the regulate and control method of this controller.
Background technology
Controller is operated under the underloading condition, generally can reduce operating frequency, and its switching loss is reduced.When load further reduces even do not have under the situation of load, when controller is not exported the PWM waveform, generally no longer power to control chip, though there is not switching loss this moment, but there is power consumption in control inside, so the supply voltage of control chip begins to descend, and drops to when under-voltage, control chip begins block level, makes controller enter the state of restarting.
Referring to Fig. 1, existing controller architecture is shown.Wherein, comprise control chip 100, photoelectrical coupler 112 transmits the COMP signal, compare with fixed level Vref, when the level of COMP signal during less than fixed level Vref, control chip 100 on-off switching tubes 108, controller output voltage V o is reduced, this moment, the electric current of photoelectrical coupler 112 reduced, by the feedback effect of photoelectrical coupler 112, the pull-down current of the COMP of control chip 100 end reduces, and makes COMP hold electrical level rising, when COMP level during greater than fixed level Vref, control chip 100 recloses switching tube 108.This mode of operation of controller is the underloading frequency-hopping mode, can increase work efficiency, and reduces power consumption.
When controller is operated in the underloading frequency-hopping mode, control chip 100 is not exported the PWM waveform, the auxiliary winding of transformer 109 no longer gives power capacitor 103 power supplies, though there is not switching loss this moment, but there is power consumption in control chip 100 inside, so the supply voltage VCC of control chip 100 falls under beginning.Generally speaking, the time constant of power capacitor 103 is less than the time constant of the electric capacity 113 of output, so the speed ratio that supply voltage VCC descends is very fast, as supply voltage VCC during less than under-voltage locking level (UVLO), this controller restarts state, and influence is used.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of controller, this controller can be avoided causing restarting state because of supply voltage VCC is low excessively when underloading or load saltus step, has better power saving effect.
A kind of controller of the present invention comprises transformer, and the different name termination of the former limit of transformer winding is gone into power supply Vin, and end of the same name connects the drain electrode of switching tube, and the source electrode of switching tube is by first grounding through resistance; Transformer secondary winding output voltage V o; The different name end ground connection of the auxiliary winding of transformer, end of the same name connects the anode of first diode, and the negative electrode of first diode is by first capacity earth, and the negative electrode of first diode also connects power supply Vin by second resistance;
The receiving terminal of photoelectrical coupler inserts voltage Vo, and output output level COMP is to the positive input terminal of first hysteresis comparator and PWM comparator; The negative input end of hysteresis comparator inserts load threshold Vref1, and relatively COMP signal and load threshold Vref1 export the burst signal; The negative input end of PWM comparator connects the source electrode of switching tube, and control end inserts the burst signal, output termination control logic device;
The negative input end of CS comparator connects the source electrode of switching tube, positive input termination high-low level signal, output termination control logic device; The negative input end supply voltage VCC of second hysteresis comparator, positive input termination power supply threshold value Vref2, relatively supply voltage VCC and power supply threshold value Vref2 export the hold signal;
Or two inputs of door receive hold signal and burst signal respectively, and output control signal control is to the control logic device; The driver connected input of the output of control logic device, driver output end connects the base stage of switching tube;
When COMP＜Vref1, burst=0; And VCC＜Vref2, during hold=1, control=1, controller is operated in the holdup pattern, the shielding of PWM comparator, and the comparative level of CS comparator is a low level, switching tube has output, and auxiliary winding is given first capacitances to supply power, keeps supply voltage VCC on under-voltage locking voltage.
Preferably, described controller also comprises the low pressure lock, and low pressure lock input connects power supply Vin by resistance 304, and output connects the control logic device.
Preferably, also comprise the crystal oscillator that is connected with the control logic device.
Preferably, described controller also comprises switch, and a conduction terminal of switch connects the positive input terminal of CS comparator, and two branch roads of another conduction terminal insert high level signal and low level signal respectively.
Preferably, the burst signal of first hysteresis comparator output is connected into an input of NAND gate through inverter; Another input of the hold signal input nand gate of second hysteresis comparator output, the output of NAND gate is connected on the switch.
Preferably, an input of photoelectrical coupler connects the output that transformer is assisted winding by second resistance, and another input connects the negative electrode of voltage-stabiliser tube, the plus earth of voltage-stabiliser tube; One output of photoelectrical coupler inserts the positive input terminal of first hysteresis comparator, another output head grounding.
Preferably, the different name end ground connection of the auxiliary winding of transformer, the anode of termination second diode of the same name, the negative electrode of second diode are respectively by the 3rd resistance and second capacity earth.
The present invention also provides a kind of regulate and control method of controller, and this method can be avoided causing restarting state because of supply voltage VCC is low excessively when underloading or load saltus step, has better power saving effect.
The regulate and control method of a kind of controller of the present invention, described controller comprises transformer, and the different name termination of the former limit of transformer winding is gone into power supply Vin, and end of the same name connects the drain electrode of switching tube, and the source electrode of switching tube is by first grounding through resistance; Transformer secondary winding output voltage V o; The different name end ground connection of the auxiliary winding of transformer, end of the same name connects the anode of first diode, and the negative electrode of first diode is by first capacity earth, and the negative electrode of first diode also connects power supply Vin by second resistance;
The receiving terminal of photoelectrical coupler inserts voltage Vo, and output output level COMP is to the positive input terminal of first hysteresis comparator and PWM comparator; The negative input end of first hysteresis comparator inserts load threshold Vref1, and relatively COMP signal and load threshold Vref1 export the burst signal; The negative input end of PWM comparator connects the source electrode of switching tube, and control end inserts the burst signal, output termination control logic device;
The negative input end of CS comparator connects the source electrode of switching tube, the high/low level signal of positive input termination, output termination control logic device; The negative input end supply voltage VCC of second hysteresis comparator, positive input termination power supply threshold value Vref2, relatively supply voltage VCC and power supply threshold value Vref2 export the hold signal;
Or two inputs of door receive hold signal and burst signal respectively, and output control signal control is to the control logic device; The driver connected input of the output of control logic device, driver output end connects the base stage of switching tube;
Regulate and control method comprises:
When COMP＜Vref1, burst=0; And VCC＜Vref2, during hold=1, control=1, controller is operated in the holdup pattern, the shielding of PWM comparator, and the comparative level of CS comparator is a low level, switching tube has output, and auxiliary winding is given first capacitances to supply power, keeps supply voltage VCC on under-voltage locking voltage.
Preferably, described controller also comprises switch, and a conduction terminal of switch connects the positive input terminal of CS comparator, and two branch roads of another conduction terminal insert high level signal and low level signal respectively.
Preferably, the burst signal of first hysteresis comparator output is connected into an input of NAND gate through inverter; Another input of the hold signal input nand gate of second hysteresis comparator output, the output of NAND gate is connected on the switch.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention determines to detect supply voltage VCC simultaneously by load condition by the COMP signal that detects, and gives supply voltage VCC setting voltage threshold value on the one hand, sets the underloading threshold value on the other hand.Detecting supply voltage VCC less than voltage threshold, is the state of underloading simultaneously, and controller is operated in the holdup pattern, exports narrow pulse, and supply voltage VCC is remained on the voltage threshold, avoids controller to enter the state of restarting.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the controller principle figure of existing Switching Power Supply;
Fig. 2 is a controller architecture of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the oscillogram of the present invention's each voltage shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not making the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite.
The present invention determines load condition by the COMP signal that detects, detect supply voltage VCC simultaneously, give supply voltage VCC setting voltage threshold value on the one hand, setting the underloading threshold value on the other hand, detect supply voltage VCC less than voltage threshold, is the state of underloading simultaneously, controller is operated in the holdup pattern, export narrow pulse, supply voltage VCC is remained on the voltage threshold, avoid controller to enter the state of restarting.
Referring to Fig. 2, controller architecture of the present invention is shown, and controller comprises hysteresis comparator 325, and the positive input terminal of hysteresis comparator 325 connects load detection signal device (Load detecting signal COPM) 324, negative input end meets load threshold Vref1, and output burst signal arrives or door 326.
Controller also comprises hysteresis comparator 323, and hysteresis comparator 323 negative input ends connect supply voltage checkout gear 322, positive input termination power supply threshold value Vref2, and output keeps (hold) signal to arrive or door 326.
Or the input of door 326 connects the output of hysteresis comparator 325 and hysteresis comparator 323 respectively, or the output of door 326 connects the input of control logic device 332, other input of control logic device 332 also connects the output of PWM comparator and CS comparator, and the output of the output of UVLO element 327 and crystal oscillator (Oscillator) 334; The output of control logic device 332 connects the input of driver 333, and the output of driver 333 connects the control end of switching tube 314; One conduction terminal of switching tube 314 is by resistance 315 ground connection, the end of the same name of another conducting termination transformer 309 former limit windings, the different name termination on former limit is gone into power supply Vin, and transformer 309 secondary windings are by diode 310 rectifications, after electric capacity 312 filtering, by resistance 311 output voltage V o.
The different name end ground connection of the auxiliary winding 313 of transformer 309, end of the same name connects the anode of diode 304, and the negative electrode of diode 304 is respectively by resistance 311 and electric capacity 305 ground connection; The negative electrode of diode 304 connects power supply Vin by resistance 304.
Power supply Vin connects the input of low pressure lock 327 and the input of supply voltage checkout gear 322 by resistance 304; The input of load detection signal device 324 connects a transmitting terminal photoelectrical coupler 318 another output head groundings of photoelectrical coupler 318; One input of photoelectrical coupler 318 connects the output that transformer is assisted winding by resistance 319, and another input connects the negative electrode of voltage-stabiliser tube 320, the plus earth of voltage-stabiliser tube 320.
The positive input terminal of PWM comparator 328 connects the output of being responsible for detection signal device 324, and negative input end connects an end of resistance 315, the other end ground connection of resistance 315; PWM comparator 328 is connected with hysteresis comparator 325, receives the burst signal; The negative input end of CS comparator 329 is connected with the negative input end of PWM comparator 328, and positive input terminal connects a conduction terminal of switch 335, and two branch roads of another conduction terminal of switch 335 insert Vref L and Vref H signal respectively; Pulse (burst) signal of hysteresis comparator 325 outputs is connected into an input of NAND gate 331 through inverter 330; Another input of the hold signal input nand gate 331 of hysteresis comparator 323 outputs, NAND gate 331 output control signal K1 are connected on the switch 335.
The present invention decides the different working modes of controller according to the different conditions of signal hold and signal burst, sees table 1.
Table 1
| hold | burst | control | CS?limiter | PWM | Bias?current | Operating?mode |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | Vref_L | Disable | Enable | Holdup?mode |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | Vref_H | Disable | Disable | Burst?mode |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | Vref_H | Enable | Enable | Normal?mode |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | Vref_H | Enable | Enable | Normal?mode |
Control=hold+burst wherein, the control signal is used for controlling the bias current and the control logic device 332 of each element.When control=0, control logic device 332 output low levels, driver 333 turn-offs switching tube 314, simultaneously all conductively-closeds of bias current of each element; When control=1, the bias current of each element is all opened, and makes control logic device 332 not be subjected to the control signal controlling simultaneously.
CS_limiter represents the comparative level of CS comparator 329, is used for limiting transformer 309 former limit winding peak currents.When controller was operated in normal mode or underloading pattern, the value of CS_limiter fixed on a high relatively level Vref_H; When controller was operated in the holdup pattern, CS_limiter need switch to a lower level Vref_L.When selecting control signal K1=0, switch 335 communicates level Vref_L with the comparative level of CS comparator 329; When selecting control signal K1=1, switch 335 communicates Vref_H with the comparative level of CS comparator 329.Wherein
Work as burst=1, hold=x, control signal control=1, controller are operated in traditional PWM current-mode.This moment, the bias current of each element enabled, and PWM comparator 328 enables, and the comparative level of CS comparator 329 is high level Vref_H;
Work as burst=0, hold=0, control signal control=0, controller are operated in the underloading pattern, thereby have reduced switching loss.This moment, the bias current of each element shielded, 328 shieldings of PWM comparator, and the comparative level of CS comparator 329 is high level Vref_H;
During control=0, control logic device 332 is with output low level, driver 333 turn-offs switching tube 314, make output voltage V o reduce, flow to photoelectrical coupler 318 electric currents and reduce this moment, and by the effect of photoelectrical coupler 318 feedbacks, the pull-down current of COMP end reduces, make COMP end electrical level rising, when the COMP level during greater than the underloading threshold value control think highly of and newly open switching tube 314.
Work as burst=0, hold=1, control signal control=1, controller are operated in the holdup pattern.This moment, the bias current of each element enabled, 328 shieldings of PWM comparator, and the comparative level of CS comparator 329 is low level Vref_L.Resistance 315 is connected on the source electrode of switching tube 314, is used for controlling the peak current of former limit winding 309, thus the peak power output of control controller.
Level is Vcs on the resistance 315, and CS comparator 329 is compared level Vcs with a fixed level Vref, when Vcs＞Vref, and on-off switching tube 314, when Vcs＜Vref, control logic device 332 is not subjected to 329 controls of CS comparator.The comparative level of CS comparator 329 is low level Vref_L at this moment, illustrates that the power output under this pattern is lower than power output under the normal mode.Make switching tube 314 that output be arranged by this working mechanism, auxiliary winding 313 can give VCC electric capacity 305 power supplies, makes that supply voltage VCC remains on the under-voltage locking UVLO under this pattern, avoids controller to enter the state of restarting.
For further instruction holdup pattern of the present invention, provided Fig. 3 oscillogram.
At the T0 place, controller is operated under the normal mode.Supply voltage VCC is higher than VCC_startup, and the VCOMP voltage of reflected load information is higher than underloading comparative level burst enter point, and is higher than the high level Vref_H of Vs_limiter.This moment, CS and Vref_H came control switch 314 work by CS comparator 329, the switching waveform of output fixed duty cycle, and PWM comparator 328 is inoperative.
At T1～T2 place, controller continues to operate under the normal mode.Supply voltage VCC is higher than VCC_startup, and reflected load information VCOMP voltage falls at slowly following, begins to be lower than the high level Vref_H of Vs_limiter at the VCOMP of T1 place, enters voltage burst enter point but be higher than underloading.This CS and COMP come control switch 314 work by PWM comparator 328, and the duty ratio of output signal reduces and reduces with COMP voltage.
At the T2 place, reflected load information VCOMP voltage drops to underloading comparative level burst enter point.In order to reduce the consumption of energy, controller begins to quit work, and auxiliary winding 313 no longer gives electric capacity 305 power supplies, falls under supply voltage VCC begins.Simultaneously because controller turn-offs switching tube 314, make output voltage V o reduce, electric current advanced optocoupler 318 electric currents and reduced this moment, and by photoelectrical coupler 318 feedbacks, the pull-down current of COMP end reduces, and makes COMP voltage rise.
At the T3 place, the COMP electrical level rising is during greater than underloading level burst exit point, and controller reopens switching tube 314.This mode of operation of controller becomes so-called underloading frequency-hopping mode (burst mode), can increase work efficiency, and reduces power consumption.This moment, CS and COMP came control switch pipe 314 to work by PWM comparator 328, and the duty ratio of output signal reduces and reduces with COMP voltage.
At T4～T7 place, load is low weight always, and controller continues to operate under the burst mode mode of operation.
At the T7 place, load level COMP is lower than the underloading comparative level, and supply voltage VCC reduces to holdup enter point (this level is located on the supply voltage shutoff voltage VCC_shut usually) simultaneously.The comparative level CS_limiter of CS comparator 329 switches to low level Vref_L from high level Vref_H at this moment.CS and Vref_L export the switching waveform of fixed duty cycle by 314 work of CS comparator 329 control switch pipes, and PWM comparator 328 is inoperative.Supply voltage begins to rise.
Be a complete holdup mode protection process, supply voltage remained between holdup enter point and the holdup exit point that controller does not enter restart procedure during T7～T8.
At the T8 place, when supply voltage VCC rose to holdup exit point, controller entered the work of burst mode mode of operation.The comparative level CS_limiter of CS comparator 329 switches to high level Vref_H from low level Vref_L, and switching tube 314 turn-offs and causes that supply voltage VCC descends.
If load continues to keep underloading or zero load, the mode of operation of controller is in holdup mode shown in T9～T11.
The invention reside in controller when entering underloading or load saltus step,, make controller output burst pulse, avoid controller to enter restart procedure by processing to PWM comparator 328, CS comparator 329.This mode of operation can further reduce the electric capacity on the power supply VCC, is keeping start-up time constant condition that starting resistance is increased, thereby can further reduce loss.
The present invention also provides a kind of regulate and control method of controller, the structure of this controller as shown in Figure 2, this regulate and control method comprises:
When COMP＜Vref1, burst=0; And VCC＜Vref2, during hold=1, control=1, controller is operated in the holdup pattern, 328 shieldings of PWM comparator, the comparative level of CS comparator 329 is a low level, switching tube 314 has output, auxiliary winding 313 gives electric capacity 305 power supplies, keeps supply voltage VCC on under-voltage locking voltage.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not the present invention is done any pro forma restriction.Though the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, yet be not in order to limit the present invention.Any those of ordinary skill in the art, do not breaking away under the technical solution of the present invention scope situation, all can utilize the method and the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement that technical solution of the present invention is made many possible changes and modification, or be revised as the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations.Therefore, every content that does not break away from technical solution of the present invention, all still belongs in the scope of technical solution of the present invention protection any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did according to technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a controller is characterized in that, comprises transformer, and the different name termination of the former limit of transformer winding is gone into power supply Vin, and end of the same name connects the drain electrode of switching tube, and the source electrode of switching tube is by first grounding through resistance; Transformer secondary winding output voltage V o; The different name end ground connection of the auxiliary winding of transformer, end of the same name connects the anode of first diode, and the negative electrode of first diode is by first capacity earth, and the negative electrode of first diode also connects power supply Vin by second resistance;
The receiving terminal of photoelectrical coupler inserts voltage Vo, and output output level COMP is to the positive input terminal of first hysteresis comparator and PWM comparator; The negative input end of first hysteresis comparator inserts load threshold Vref1, and relatively COMP signal and load threshold Vref1 export the burst signal; The negative input end of PWM comparator connects the source electrode of switching tube, and control end inserts the burst signal, output termination control logic device;
The negative input end of CS comparator connects the source electrode of switching tube, the high/low level signal of positive input termination, output termination control logic device; The negative input end supply voltage VCC of second hysteresis comparator, positive input termination power supply threshold value Vref2, relatively supply voltage VCC and power supply threshold value Vref2 export the hold signal;
Or two inputs of door receive hold signal and burst signal respectively, and output control signal control is to the control logic device; The driver connected input of the output of control logic device, driver output end connects the base stage of switching tube;
When COMP＜Vref1, burst=0; And VCC＜Vref2, during hold=1, control=1, controller is operated in the holdup pattern, the shielding of PWM comparator, and the comparative level of CS comparator is a low level, switching tube has output, and auxiliary winding is given first capacitances to supply power, keeps supply voltage VCC on under-voltage locking voltage.
2. controller as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described controller also comprises the low pressure lock, and low pressure lock input connects power supply Vin by resistance, and output connects the control logic device.
3. controller as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises the crystal oscillator that is connected with the control logic device.
4. controller as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described controller also comprises switch, and a conduction terminal of switch connects the positive input terminal of CS comparator, and two branch roads of another conduction terminal insert high level signal and low level signal respectively.
5. controller as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the burst signal of first hysteresis comparator output is connected into an input of NAND gate through inverter; Another input of the hold signal input nand gate of second hysteresis comparator output, the output of NAND gate is connected on the switch.
6. controller as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, an input of photoelectrical coupler connects the output that transformer is assisted winding, another input by second resistance. connect the negative electrode of voltage-stabiliser tube, the plus earth of voltage-stabiliser tube; One output of photoelectrical coupler inserts the positive input terminal of first hysteresis comparator, another output head grounding.
7. controller as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the different name end ground connection of the auxiliary winding of transformer, and the anode of termination second diode of the same name, the negative electrode of second diode are respectively by the 3rd resistance and second capacity earth.
8. the regulate and control method of a controller is characterized in that, described controller comprises transformer, and the different name termination of the former limit of transformer winding is gone into power supply Vin, and end of the same name connects the drain electrode of switching tube, and the source electrode of switching tube is by first grounding through resistance; Transformer secondary winding output voltage V o; The different name end ground connection of the auxiliary winding of transformer, end of the same name connects the anode of first diode, and the negative electrode of first diode is by first capacity earth, and the negative electrode of first diode also connects power supply Vin by second resistance;
The receiving terminal of photoelectrical coupler inserts voltage Vo, and output output level COMP is to the positive input terminal of first hysteresis comparator and PWM comparator; The negative input end of first hysteresis comparator inserts load threshold Vref1, and relatively COMP signal and load threshold Vref1 export the burst signal; The negative input end of PWM comparator connects the source electrode of switching tube, and control end inserts the burst signal, output termination control logic device;
The negative input end of CS comparator connects the source electrode of switching tube, the high/low level signal of positive input termination, output termination control logic device; The negative input end supply voltage VCC of second hysteresis comparator, positive input termination power supply threshold value Vref2, relatively supply voltage VCC and power supply threshold value Vref2 export the hold signal;
Or two inputs of door receive hold signal and burst signal respectively, and output control signal control is to the control logic device; The driver connected input of the output of control logic device, driver output end connects the base stage of switching tube;
Regulate and control method comprises:
When COMP＜Vref1, burst=0; And VCC＜Vref2, during hold=1, control=1, controller is operated in the holdup pattern, the shielding of PWM comparator, and the comparative level of CS comparator is a low level, switching tube has output, and auxiliary winding is given first capacitances to supply power, keeps supply voltage VCC on under-voltage locking voltage.
9. method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that described controller also comprises switch, and a conduction terminal of switch connects the positive input terminal of CS comparator, and two branch roads of another conduction terminal insert high level signal and low level signal respectively.
10. method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, the burst signal of first hysteresis comparator output is connected into an input of NAND gate through inverter; Another input of the hold signal input nand gate of second hysteresis comparator output, the output of NAND gate is connected on the switch.
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