CN101975978A - Photonic crystal multi-port circulator - Google Patents

Photonic crystal multi-port circulator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101975978A
CN101975978A CN 201010516399 CN201010516399A CN101975978A CN 101975978 A CN101975978 A CN 101975978A CN 201010516399 CN201010516399 CN 201010516399 CN 201010516399 A CN201010516399 A CN 201010516399A CN 101975978 A CN101975978 A CN 101975978A
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magneto
optic
photonic crystal
air column
port
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CN101975978B (en
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王琼
欧阳征标
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Shenzhen University
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Shenzhen University
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Abstract

The invention provides a photonic crystal multi-port circulator which is formed by first air columns symmetrically distributed triangularly in a medium material and comprises at least six magneto-optical cavities, the centers of the magneto-optical cavities are sequentially connected to form a regular hexagon or a plurality of cascaded regular hexagons, the periphery of the regular hexagon or the cascaded regular hexagon are symmetrically constructed with at least six waveguides, two second air columns with diameters less than that of the first air columns are arranged between the adjacent magneto-optical cavities and between the adjacent magneto-optical cavities and the waveguides, two third air columns and fourth air columns with period diameters increasing gradually are arranged around the center of each magneto-optical cavity, light is input from any one waveguide and output from the adjacent next waveguide, and the left waveguides are in a light isolating state to form single-direction light annular transmission. The invention has compact structure, and has the functions of guiding and isolating crosstalk optical signals in the integration of the photonic crystal element.

Description

Photonic crystal multi-port circulator
Technical field
The present invention relates to photon crystal device and magneto-optic technical field, relate in particular to a kind of photonic crystal six port circulators and expansion circulator thereof.
Background technology
Optical circulator is the important optical device that has anti-interference effect in the integrated optics.Optical circulator can form the folk prescription of light to the transmission of going in ring between a plurality of ports, make incoming signal to pass through and reflected signal acquisition isolation smoothly.This specific character can reduce greatly catoptrically between the device in the integrated optical circuit crosstalks mutually, is very beneficial for improving the stability of system.Traditional optical circulator mainly is based on the block structure of magneto-optic memory technique, and its shortcoming is that volume is big and difficult and other device is integrated, and these unfavorable factors have limited their application in optical device of new generation is integrated to a great extent.The proposition of photonic crystal notion and research and development thereof have been opened up new approaches and new method for the magneto-optic circulators that realizes miniaturization, easy of integrationization.
Photonic crystal is that a kind of specific inductive capacity is the artificial material of arranging cycle or quasi-periodicity in the space, and it can make the light wave of certain frequency range not propagate therein, thereby forms photon band gap.The introducing defective can realize guiding and the control to photon in complete photonic crystal, just as the manipulation that realizes in the semiconductor material electronics.Photon crystal device has the incomparable superior character of many traditional optical devices,, superior performance little and be easy to integratedly as size, and therefore being described as is one of photonic device of new generation of the full optical integrated chip of the most potential realization.
Increase along with the photon crystal device integrated level, mutual interference problem in the light path between the device is outstanding gradually, if undesired signal can not effectively be eliminated or be suppressed, then can influence the serviceability and the integrated effect of whole light path to a great extent, the anti-interference device that therefore can optimize the light path performance seems most important.With the nonreciprocity is the magneto-optic circulators of characteristics, utilizes magneto-optic effect to realize that light irreversible folk prescription between different port can successfully guide or isolates the light undesired signal to the transmission of going in ring, and is a kind of very effective light path anti-interference device.Based on the magneto-optic circulators of photon crystal structure, proposed three ports, four port organizations at present, but above photonic crystal circulator and the design proposal thereof of four ports do not occur also so far based on single photonic crystal magneto-optic chamber.Photonic crystal magneto-optic circulators with multiport (more than four ports) has immeasurable effect for aspects such as improving light path anti-interference and stability in the integrated system of complexity, be requisite base components in the extensive integrated optical circuit of photonic crystal.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of photonic crystal multi-port circulator, this circulator can obtain the high-efficiency transfer and the high degree of isolation of different port, realize light signal folk prescription between a plurality of ports to belt function, to solve the light signal cross-interference issue in the complex photonic crystal integrated optical circuit.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of photonic crystal multi-port circulator, described photonic crystal main body is made of first air column that the dielectric material intermediate cam is symmetrically distributed, it comprises at least six magneto-optic chambeies, the center in described magneto-optic chamber line successively forms the regular hexagon of a regular hexagon or a plurality of cascades, regular hexagon periphery in a regular hexagon or a plurality of cascades makes up at least six waveguides symmetrically, each waveguide is filled row first air column by dielectric material and is formed, second air column of two diameters less than the first air column diameter all is being set between the adjacent magneto-optic chamber and between adjacent magneto-optic chamber and the waveguide, be that the center is provided with the 3rd air column and the 4th air column that two cycle diameters increase progressively on every side with each magneto-optic chamber, the diameter of its 4th air column is greater than the diameter of described the 3rd air column, the diameter of its 3rd air column is greater than the diameter of described first air column, light is from arbitrary waveguide input wherein and from next adjacent waveguide output, and all the other waveguides all are in the light isolation to form the single directional light transmission of going in ring.
In the present invention, comprise eight port circulators with ten magneto-optic chambeies, the center in described ten magneto-optic chambeies is the regular hexagon of two cascades of line formation successively, makes up eight waveguides symmetrically in the regular hexagon periphery of described two cascades.
In the present invention, comprise nine port circulators with 13 magneto-optic chambeies, the center in described 13 magneto-optic chambeies is the regular hexagon of three cascades of line formation successively, makes up nine waveguides symmetrically in the regular hexagon periphery of described three cascades.
In the present invention, comprise ten port circulators with 16 magneto-optic chambeies, the center in described 16 magneto-optic chambeies is the regular hexagon of four cascades of line formation successively, makes up ten waveguides symmetrically in the regular hexagon periphery of described four cascades.
In the present invention, comprise 12 port circulators with 24 magneto-optic chambeies, the center in described 24 magneto-optic chambeies is the regular hexagon of seven cascades of line formation successively, makes up 12 waveguides symmetrically in the regular hexagon periphery of described seven cascades.
In the present invention, described each magneto-optic chamber comprises that a magneto-optic memory technique post and six are distributed in first air column around this magneto-optic memory technique post, and this magneto-optic memory technique post is to be formed by the magnetic field of filling magneto-optic memory technique to one first air column and apply with the first air column parallel axes direction.
In the present invention, the distance between the described adjacent magneto-optic chamber is NaThe time, the belt function of circulator single directional light is constant, described aBe the grating constant of photonic crystal, nFor more than or equal to 5 natural number, preferably, nFor more than or equal to 5 and smaller or equal to 10 natural number.
In the present invention, the length of described waveguide is at least three described photonic crystal lattice constant, and increases waveguide length, and the belt function of circulator single directional light is constant.
In the present invention, described dielectric material can be the gallium nitride dielectric material, and the magneto-optic memory technique of described filling first air column can be the bismuth iron garnet.
In the present invention, describedly be distributed in first air column to the, four air columns in the dielectric material and the cross section of magneto-optic memory technique post can be round, quadrilateral, pentagon or hexagon.
In the present invention, first air column to the, four air columns in the described photonic crystal are the medium post of low-index material.
Compared to prior art, the present invention utilizes the ring-type cascade system and the rotation effect in magneto-optic chamber, realize that the light signal folk prescription between multiport transmits to going in ring, high-level efficiency light transmission and highly light isolation between a plurality of ports are provided, photonic crystal multi-port circulator of the present invention can guide or isolate the light reflection between a plurality of devices simultaneously, effectively solves the light signal cross-interference issue in the complex photonic crystal integrated optical circuit; In addition, photonic crystal multi-port circulator compact conformation of the present invention, and easily integrated with other photon crystal device realization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of dielectric substrate-air column type photonic crystal six port circulators of photonic crystal multi-port circulator first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of dielectric substrate-air column type photonic crystal six port circulators of photonic crystal multi-port circulator first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the spectrum synoptic diagram of photonic crystal multi-port circulator first embodiment of the present invention, wherein light is from waveguide port 61 incidents, the luminous power of the corresponding waveguide port 62 of solid line, the luminous power of the corresponding waveguide port 63 of dotted line, corresponding waveguide port 64 of dotted line or 65 luminous power, the luminous power of the corresponding waveguide port 66 of dotted line-dotted line, the summation of corresponding light reflection of dotted line-double dotted line and optical loss.
Fig. 4 represents the light transmission synoptic diagram of photonic crystal multi-port circulator first embodiment of the present invention, and wherein waveguide port 61 is the incident waveguide port, and waveguide port 62 is the outgoing waveguide port, and waveguide port 63 to waveguide port 66 is the isolation waveguide port.
Fig. 5 is the light transmission synoptic diagram of first embodiment of photonic crystal multi-port circulator of the present invention, and waveguide port 64 is the incident waveguide port, and waveguide port 65 is the outgoing waveguide port, and waveguide port 61 to 63 and waveguide port 66 are for isolating waveguide port.
Fig. 6 is the structure diagram of photonic crystal multi-port circulator second embodiment of the present invention, and wherein, this circulator is photonic crystal eight port circulators.
Fig. 7 is the structure diagram of photonic crystal multi-port circulator the 3rd embodiment of the present invention, and wherein, this circulator is photonic crystal nine port circulators.
Fig. 8 is the structure diagram of photonic crystal multi-port circulator the 4th embodiment of the present invention, and wherein, this circulator is photonic crystal ten port circulators.
Fig. 9 is the structure diagram of photonic crystal multi-port circulator the 5th embodiment of the present invention, and wherein, this circulator is photonic crystal 12 port circulators.
Embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated with embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings below.
First embodiment: photonic crystal six port circulators.
At first be the main body of structure photonic crystal six port circulators, determine structural parameters and composition material.
As shown in Figure 1, circulator main body of the present invention is the 2 D photon crystal of first air column, 10 period profile in the dielectric material background, and the cross section of first air column 10 is x- yThe plane, the axis edge zDirection of principal axis, the grating constant of photonic crystal aBe set at the diameter of described first air column 10 of 1 μ m. dBe 0.72 μ m, and the line of centres of any adjacent three first air columns 10 formation equilateral triangle, promptly first air column 10 is the triangle symmetric offset spread.Described dielectric material can the selective refraction rate be 2.5 gallium nitride (GaN) material.Computing method by plane wave expansion show that there is the TM polarized wave (edge, magnetic field of broad in this dielectric substrate-air column type photonic crystal zDirection of principal axis) forbidden photon band, band gap width is from normalized frequency a/ λ=0.307 arrives a/ λ=0.418, wherein λRepresent optical wavelength.
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of these photonic crystal six port circulator correspondences.In above photonic crystal, selected five first air columns 10 of six first air column 10(adjacent spaces that just in time are in the equilateral hexagon summit), the diameter that enlarges them is to 0.8 μ m and fill magneto-optic memory technique, apply simultaneously with first air column, 10 parallel axes directions ( zAxle) magnetic field, each magneto-optic memory technique post (mesh lines sign) constitutes point defect magneto-optic chambeies with six first air columns 10 on every side, and six photonic crystal magneto-optic chambeies of formation are labeled as the first magneto-optic chamber 51, the second magneto-optic chamber 52, the 3rd magneto-optic chamber 53, the 4th magneto-optic chamber 54, the 5th magneto-optic chamber 55 and the 6th magneto-optic chamber 56 respectively.This magneto-optic memory technique of filling first air column 10 can be chosen as the bismuth iron garnet (Bismuth Iron Garnet, BIG), its diagonal element parameter ε 0With the nondiagonal element parameter ε a Elect 6.25 and 0.0517 respectively as.In the periphery, six magneto-optic chambeies of annular arrangement, corresponding each magneto-optic chamber makes up one and connects waveguide, i.e. first waveguide 1, second waveguide 2, the 3rd waveguide 3, the 4th waveguide 4, the 5th waveguide 5 and the 6th waveguide 6.Each waveguide is to utilize the dielectric material gallium nitride to fill row first air column 10 to constitute, and the intersection of these six waveguides overlaps with the regular hexagon center that six magneto-optic chambeies are linked to be, and the angle of adjacent waveguide intersection is 60 degree.The waveguide port of first waveguide, 1 to the 6th waveguide, 6 correspondences is respectively first waveguide port 61, second waveguide port 62, the 3rd waveguide port 63, the 4th waveguide port 64, the 5th waveguide port 65 and the 6th waveguide port 66.In addition, in order to improve coupling efficiency, between adjacent magneto-optic chamber and adjacent magneto-optic chamber and waveguide, second air column 20 that two diameters are 0.36 μ m is set all.
In order to improve the serviceability of circulator, with each magneto-optic chamber be the center around the 3rd air column 30 that two cycle diameters increase progressively is set (in Fig. 1, be air column H) and the 4th air column 40 (in Fig. 1, be air column K), the diameter of its 4th air column 40 is greater than the diameter of described the 3rd air column 30, and the diameter of the 3rd air column 30 is greater than the diameter of described first air column 10.Determine the optimum dimension of the 3rd air column 30 and the 4th air column 40 according to the light transmissioning efficiency of port: light is set from waveguide port 61 incidents, in each waveguide port sensing point is set respectively and obtains corresponding luminous power, waveguide port 61 corresponding reflected optical power wherein, waveguide port 62 is to waveguide port 66 corresponding transmitted optical power.By regulating the diameter of the 3rd air column 30 and the 4th air column 40, obtain optimal light spectrogram as shown in Figure 3, the luminous power of the corresponding waveguide port 62 of solid line wherein, the luminous power of the corresponding waveguide port 63 of dotted line, the luminous power of corresponding waveguide port 64 of dotted line or waveguide port 65, the luminous power of the corresponding waveguide port 66 of dotted line-dotted line, the summation of corresponding light reflection of dotted line-double dotted line and optical loss.The result shows that the best normalized frequency of this circulator work is a/ λ=0.3508, this moment, waveguide port 62 was the optical output waveguide port, and luminous power reaches maximal value 95%; Waveguide port 63 and waveguide port 66 are the light isolated port, and luminous power reaches minimum value 2% and 1% respectively; Waveguide port 64 and waveguide port 65 are isolated waveguide port for light, and luminous power is almost 0; Optical loss and light reflection summation reach minimum value 2%.Corresponding normalized frequency a/ λThe diameter optimum value of the=0.3508, the 3rd air column 30 and the 4th air column 40 is respectively 0.80 μ m and 0.88 μ m. because the rotational symmetry of structure, and above-mentioned parameters optimization is suitable equally from the situation of other waveguide port incident for light.
Further be to utilize Finite Difference-Time Domain separating method numerical simulation light-transfer characteristic, the serviceability of check photonic crystal six port circulator spares.
Selected normalized frequency a/ λ=0.3508 frequency of operation as circulator, corresponding circulator operation wavelength is λ=(1/0.3508) μ m, promptly 2.85 μ m. are because the rotation effect in magneto-optic chamber, cause the wave vector of magneto-optic chamber internal magnetic field to rotate, the waveguide that connects the magneto-optic chamber is produced light transmission effect and light isolation effect respectively, realize the light function that single directional light goes in ring between six waveguides.Below selected light from waveguide port 61 and waveguide port 64 respectively the situation of incident the light-transfer characteristic of this circulator is described.
With reference to Fig. 4, light is from waveguide port 61 incidents, and from waveguide port 62 outputs, waveguide port 63 to waveguide port 66 all is in the light isolation at last.The luminous power of output waveguide port 62 is 95%; Waveguide port 63 under the isolation to the luminous power of waveguide port 66 all below 3%, wherein the luminous power of waveguide port 63 is 2%, the luminous power of waveguide port 66 is 1%, the luminous power of waveguide port 64 and waveguide port 65 is almost 0.Optical loss and light reflection summation reach minimum value 2%.At the situation of light from waveguide port 61 incidents, second air column 20 that the diameter that is provided with between adjacent magneto-optic chamber and magneto-optic chamber, adjacent magneto-optic chamber and the waveguide reduces shows double action, is specially: second air column 20 between the first magneto-optic chamber 51 and the second magneto-optic chamber 52, the first magneto-optic chamber 51 and first waveguide 1, the second magneto-optic chamber 52 and second waveguide 2 shows as the optically-coupled effect; Second air column 20 between the second magneto-optic chamber 52 and the 3rd magneto-optic chamber 53, the 3rd magneto-optic chamber 53 and the 4th magneto-optic chamber 54, the 4th magneto-optic chamber 54 and the 5th magneto-optic chamber 55, the 5th magneto-optic chamber 55 and the 6th magneto-optic chamber 56, the 6th magneto-optic chamber 56 and the first magneto-optic chamber 51, the 3rd magneto-optic chamber 53 and the 3rd waveguide 3, the 4th magneto-optic chamber 54 and the 4th waveguide 4, the 5th magneto-optic chamber 55 and the 5th waveguide 5, the 6th magneto-optic chamber 56 and the 6th waveguide 6 shows as the light buffer action.
With reference to Fig. 5, light is from waveguide port 64 incidents, and from waveguide port 65 outputs, waveguide port 61 to waveguide port 63, waveguide port 66 all is in the light isolation at last.The luminous power of output waveguide port 65 is 95%; Waveguide port 61 under the isolation to the luminous power of waveguide port 63, waveguide port 66 all below 3%, wherein the luminous power of waveguide port 66 is 2%, the luminous power of waveguide port 63 is 1%, the luminous power of waveguide port 61 and waveguide port 62 is almost 0.Optical loss and light reflection summation reach minimum value 2%.At the situation of light from waveguide port 64 incidents, second air column 20 that the diameter that is provided with between adjacent magneto-optic chamber and magneto-optic chamber, adjacent magneto-optic chamber and the waveguide reduces shows double action, is specially: second air column 20 between the 4th magneto-optic chamber 54 and the 5th magneto-optic chamber 55, the 4th magneto-optic chamber 54 and the 4th waveguide 4, the 5th magneto-optic chamber 55 and the 5th waveguide 5 shows as the optically-coupled effect; Second air column 20 between the first magneto-optic chamber 51 and the second magneto-optic chamber 52, the second magneto-optic chamber 52 and the 3rd magneto-optic chamber 53, the 3rd magneto-optic chamber 53 and the 4th magneto-optic chamber 54, the 5th magneto-optic chamber 55 and the 6th magneto-optic chamber 56, the 6th magneto-optic chamber 56 and the first magneto-optic chamber 51, the first magneto-optic chamber 51 and first waveguide 1, the second magneto-optic chamber 52 and second waveguide 2, the 3rd magneto-optic chamber 53 and the 3rd waveguide 3, the 6th magneto-optic chamber 56 and the 6th waveguide 6 shows as the light buffer action.
At photonic crystal six port circulators of the present invention, light is specially from the situation of other waveguide port incident: export from waveguide port 63 from the light of waveguide port 62 inputs, waveguide port 61, waveguide port 64 to waveguide port 66 are in the light isolation; Export from waveguide port 64 from the light of waveguide port 63 inputs, waveguide port 61, waveguide port 62, waveguide port 65 and waveguide port 66 are in the light isolation; Export from waveguide port 66 from the light of waveguide port 65 inputs, waveguide port 61 to waveguide port 64 is in the light isolation; Export from waveguide port 61 from the light of waveguide port 66 inputs, waveguide port 62 to waveguide port 65 is in the light isolation.The port luminous power of six kinds of different waveguide port condition of incidence is seen following table 1.

Claims (10)

1. photonic crystal multi-port circulator, described photonic crystal main body is made of first air column that the dielectric material intermediate cam is symmetrically distributed, it is characterized in that: comprise at least six magneto-optic chambeies, the center in described magneto-optic chamber line successively forms the regular hexagon of a regular hexagon or a plurality of cascades, regular hexagon periphery in a regular hexagon or a plurality of cascades makes up at least six waveguides symmetrically, each waveguide is filled row first air column by dielectric material and is formed, second air column of two diameters less than the first air column diameter all is being set between the adjacent magneto-optic chamber and between adjacent magneto-optic chamber and the waveguide, be that the center is provided with the 3rd air column and the 4th air column that two cycle diameters increase progressively on every side with each magneto-optic chamber, light is from arbitrary waveguide input wherein and from next adjacent waveguide output, and all the other waveguides all are in the light isolation to form the single directional light transmission of going in ring.
2. photonic crystal multi-port circulator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise eight port circulators with ten magneto-optic chambeies, the center in described ten magneto-optic chambeies is the regular hexagon of two cascades of line formation successively, makes up eight waveguides symmetrically in the regular hexagon periphery of described two cascades.
3. photonic crystal multi-port circulator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise nine port circulators with 13 magneto-optic chambeies, the center in described 13 magneto-optic chambeies is the regular hexagon of three cascades of line formation successively, makes up nine waveguides symmetrically in the regular hexagon periphery of described three cascades.
4. photonic crystal multi-port circulator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise ten port circulators with 16 magneto-optic chambeies, the center in described 16 magneto-optic chambeies is the regular hexagon of four cascades of line formation successively, makes up ten waveguides symmetrically in the regular hexagon periphery of described four cascades.
5. photonic crystal multi-port circulator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise 12 port circulators with 24 magneto-optic chambeies, the center in described 24 magneto-optic chambeies is the regular hexagon of seven cascades of line formation successively, makes up 12 waveguides symmetrically in the regular hexagon periphery of described seven cascades.
6. according to any described photonic crystal multi-port circulator of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: described each magneto-optic chamber comprises that a magneto-optic memory technique post and six are distributed in first air column around this magneto-optic memory technique post, and this magneto-optic memory technique post is to be formed by the magnetic field of filling magneto-optic memory technique to one first air column and apply with the first air column parallel axes direction.
7. according to any described photonic crystal multi-port circulator of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: described each magneto-optic chamber is that the 3rd air column and the 4th air column that two cycle diameters increase progressively is set around the center, the diameter of its 4th air column is greater than the diameter of described the 3rd air column, and the diameter of its 3rd air column is greater than the diameter of described first air column.
8. according to any described photonic crystal multi-port circulator of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: the distance between the described adjacent magneto-optic chamber is NaThe time, the belt function of circulator single directional light is constant, described aBe the grating constant of photonic crystal, nFor more than or equal to 5 and smaller or equal to 10 natural number.
9. according to any described photonic crystal multi-port circulator of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: the length of described waveguide is at least three described photonic crystal lattice constant, and increases waveguide length, and the belt function of circulator single directional light is constant.
10. photonic crystal multi-port circulator according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: describedly be distributed in first air column to the, four air columns in the dielectric material and the cross section of magneto-optic memory technique post is round, quadrilateral, pentagon or hexagon, first air column to the, four air columns in the described photonic crystal are the medium post of low-index material.
CN2010105163990A 2009-12-14 2010-10-22 Photonic crystal multi-port circulator Expired - Fee Related CN101975978B (en)

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CN102043261B (en) * 2010-08-31 2013-07-03 深圳大学 Photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator and preparation method thereof
WO2012051769A1 (en) * 2010-10-22 2012-04-26 深圳大学 Photonic crystal multi-port circulator
WO2012062005A1 (en) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-18 深圳大学 Photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator and manufacturing method thereof
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