CN101971792A - Hot air pest control method of amorpha fruticosa seeds - Google Patents
Hot air pest control method of amorpha fruticosa seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN101971792A CN101971792A CN 201010265267 CN201010265267A CN101971792A CN 101971792 A CN101971792 A CN 101971792A CN 201010265267 CN201010265267 CN 201010265267 CN 201010265267 A CN201010265267 A CN 201010265267A CN 101971792 A CN101971792 A CN 101971792A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for killing amorpha fruticosa seed pests through hot air treatment, which belongs to the technical field of heat treatment technology application and pest control. In the method, treated things are uniformly heated by mainly using hot air, which is controlled to have certain air speed, temperature and humidity, to uniformly flow through surfaces of the treated things such as seeds; when the interior of the seeds reaches a certain temperature, pests are killed under the action of heating power; and because the controlled temperature is within the range endurable for the seeds, the germinating capacity and the activity of the seeds are not influenced. The method can effectively prevent the harm and the propagation of amorpha fruticosa bean weevils carried by the seeds, thereby protecting and improving the quality of the seeds. The method is a new pest-killing technique for replacing methyl bromide fumigation, and has the characteristics of high efficiency, economy, environmental protection and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the disinfection of quarantine property insect in the shrubby flase indigo seed, relate in particular to forced hot air treatment technology and application thereof, belong to heat treatment technics and use and pest control technology field.
Background technology
Shrubby flase indigo (Amorpha frticosa (L.)) belongs to perennial machaka for the pulse family shrubby flase indigo, originate in the North America, worldwide extensively distribute, China introduces cultivation about the 1950's, remove check winds and fix drifting sand, aspects such as water and soil conservation, green manure use, and also have a large amount of seeds to be used for the export trade.The primary pest of harm shrubby flase indigo is shrubby flase indigo bean weevil (Acanthoscelides pallidipgennis), distribute in a plurality of areas of China at present, not only endanger flower and the seed of field shrubby flase indigo, but also can endanger storage seed and in seed, breeding, loss reaches as high as more than 80%, have a strong impact on the shrubby flase indigo seed quality, for producing, shrubby flase indigo causes enormous economic loss, therefore China just classified the shrubby flase indigo bean weevil as quarantine harmful organisms in 1964, and as quarantine harmful organisms is also successively classified it in Japan, Korea S, Taiwan etc.Since the eighties in 20th century, a large amount of shrubby flase indigo seeds are transported to Japan, owing to lack seed deinsectization technical standard, cryogenic conditions uses Celfume and phosphine fumigation down in the winter time, and temperature is low to cause stifling deinsectization not thorough, therefore, Japan once repeatedly found shrubby flase indigo bean weevil worm alive, influenced the export trade.
For the disinfection of seed insect, main adopt stifling and heat treatment method, stifling processing has economical and effective, easy and simple to handle, advantage such as facility is less demanding, is widely adopted at present; But in the winter time under the cryogenic conditions, fumigant Celfume, vikane commonly used all need very high dosage could kill the shrubby flase indigo bean weevil fully, and seed germination rate exerted an influence, and Celfume has the effect that damages the ozone layer, according to the Montreal protocol requirement, must progressively eliminate, though in quarantine is handled, use at present and belong to the category that linchpin is exempted from, but also be faced with the challenge that progressively is restricted, begin to forbid in Wooden package is handled, to use methyl bromide fumigation from May 1st, 2010 as European Union.
Heat treatment technics is that the environment compatibility that came into one's own all the more in recent years is good, equipment is simple, the quarantine processing method of handling safety, obvious processing effect, and extensive use in soil, feed, fresh and live agricultural product are handled is a very promising application technology.Thermal treatment comprises hot air treatment and microwave treatment, microwave treatment has environmental protection, quick, advantage such as effect is remarkable, be to substitute one of stifling effective ways of handling, but it is inhomogeneous to temperature control in the microwave field at present, cause some position temperature low and do not reach the deinsectization effect, some position temperature too high and the infringement seed, so, can't in seed treatment, use at present.That hot air treatment comprises is xeothermic, vapours and forced hot air are handled, it is exactly the relative moisture of controlling hot-air that so-called forced hot air is handled, under certain wind friction velocity, evenly heat handling article, reach uniform temperature and continue for some time after cause pest death, to not obviously influence such as the moisture content of seed, germination rate.
The shrubby flase indigo seed is preserved under than low-water-content (about 9%) condition, uses the forced hot air treatment technology, can effectively kill the insect that it carries, and the protection seed no longer continues harm; Can not influence the moisture content and the germination rate of seed again, guarantee the quality of seed, and help continuing to store.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of method that is used for shrubby flase indigo seed thermal treatment kill pests, screening is also optimized technical parameters such as heat treated wind speed, temperature, humidity, heat treated time, guaranteeing effectively to kill the pest while that the shrubby flase indigo seed carries, harmless to the quality of shrubby flase indigo seed again.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Use the forced hot air treatment technology, the flow velocity of control hot-air is 1～2m/s, temperature is 56～60 ℃, relative moisture is 50～70%R.H., utilize the hot-air of constant flow rate, steady temperature and humidity that forest tree seeds such as shrubby flase indigo are evenly heated, control seed temperature makes it be higher than the heat killing temperature of insect and is lower than the tolerable temperature of seed survival, reaches to kill off the insect pests and do not injure the purpose of seed.
A kind of forced hot air processing method, the combination condition of using steady temperature and humidity is 56 ℃-50%R.H., 56 ℃-70%R.H., 58 ℃-50%R.H., 58 ℃-70%R.H., 60 ℃-50%R.H., 60 ℃-70%R.H., use different heat time heating times, handle fully equably and carry the seed of insect, the heat time heating time of carrying shrubby flase indigo bean weevil mature larva in the seed is killed in screening fully, determined simultaneously under temperature the same terms, it is more even that the high humility heating can make seed be heated, and shorten the processing time.Because the processing time prolongs, the temperature of seed is elevated to the tolerable temperature that is higher than insect and death; The relative moisture of hot-air increases, and the heat capacity of air increases, and the heat of conduction is many, the seed quick heating, and the processing time shortens.
Select the shrubby flase indigo seed that carries insect in a large number for use,, use forced hot air and heat-treat, check practicality, the science of preferred heat-treat condition with the combination condition of preferred steady temperature and humidity.Because small sample generally has contingency, can not represent fully totally, large sample is handled and could be reflected totally.
Utilize the high-temperature hot air of certain wind speed between seed, to flow equably, and high temperature can kill off the insect pests fully, accurately controlling under heating temp. and humidity and the condition of time, can not cause vigor to produce harmful effect to seed, can effectively prevent of harm and the propagation diffusion of shrubby flase indigo bean weevil to seed, being a kind of new technology of alternative methyl bromide fumigation, being suitable under the normal temperature and low temperature application down, is a very promising application technology.In addition, different temperature and humidity is combined as actual treatment work and provides possibility to the different needs of time.
The present invention has the following advantages:
Method of the present invention have processing speed fast, easy and simple to handle, be easy to use, do not influence advantage such as quality.Can reach at normal temperatures under the low temperature and to use,, satisfy the requirements of one's work of passing in and out for the processing of low temperature season shrubby flase indigo seed provides effective solution; This method belongs to free of contamination environment amenable treatment technology; can substitute methyl bromide fumigation; effectively reduce the use of Celfume; the protection environment; in addition; the present invention optimizes in different temperature and humidities and makes up difference of following processing time, for actual treatment work provides possibility to the different demands of time.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1
Get the shrubby flase indigo seed 100g that gather in the field, the shrubby flase indigo bean weevil mature larva that it carries is above 600, be tiled on the individual layer gauze, put into the forced hot air treatment facility, the wind speed of regulating processing region is 1～1.5m/s, the temperature and humidity conditions of set handling is 50 ℃-50%RH, 55 ℃-50%RH, 60 ℃-50%RH and 60 ℃-90%RH, and the processing time is 10～240min.Lower the temperature at ambient temperature after processing finishes and preserve, check the death condition of shrubby flase indigo bean weevil mature larva, result's (seeing Table 1) discovery:
(1) 50 ℃ of 50%RH under 55 ℃ of 50%RH conditions, does not have correlation between different disposal time and the larval mortality, can't all kill shrubby flase indigo bean weevil mature larva even the time reaches 4hr, illustrates that these two temperature and humidity conditions are not suitable for heat-treating;
(2) under 60 ℃ of 50%RH conditions, can both all kill mature larva the blind seed from all processing of 60min, illustrate that the insect death time less than 1hr, can be used for thermal treatment;
Under (3) 60 ℃ of 90%RH conditions, 10min just can all kill off the insect pests, but considers that actual heat treatment equipment will keep very difficulty of 90% high humility, be difficult for implementing, and to handle back seed weight increase is that moisture content increases, and is unfavorable for seed storage.
Therefore, select the heat treated temperature should be more than 56 ℃, humidity should be higher than 50% and less than 90%.
The death condition of shrubby flase indigo bean weevil larva under the different constant temperature and humidity conditions of table 1
Embodiment 2
Table 2 shrubby flase indigo seed forced hot air is handled the killing effect to insect
In the forced hot air treatment facility, the temperature and humidity conditions of set handling respectively is 56 ℃-70%RH, 58 ℃-70%RH, 60 ℃-50%RH and 60 ℃-70%RH, handle 4～120min respectively, each object of handling is the shrubby flase indigo seed 100g that carries shrubby flase indigo bean weevil mature larva that gather in the field, number of pest is tiled in seed on the individual layer gauze greater than 600.Detect in the processing procedure and record hot-air humidity and the surface of the seed air themperature, lower the temperature at ambient temperature after processing finishes and preserve.Push the death condition of seed testing shrubby flase indigo bean weevil mature larva after 2 weeks aside, and analyze insect lethality and the relation between the processing time with probit value analytical model and thermodynamic model, extrapolate lethality and reached for 99% and 99.9968% required processing time, result's (seeing Table 2,3) illustrates:
(1) no matter processing time length, the temperature humidity difference that is detected under the identical conditions is not obvious, has guaranteed that all seeds accept the thermal treatment of the same terms;
(2) under same temperature condition, along with the increase in processing time, the insect lethality is regular and raises, and can use probit value analytical model or thermodynamic model to disclose its regularity;
(3) be under the 50-70%RH condition in hot-air humidity, the weight of seed does not have significant change (the maximum position 0.8% that changes), and processing can directly be stored and need do not dried processing, helps seed preservation and assurance and quality is not produced injury;
(4) preferred 4 temp. and humidity combination conditions all have good killing effect to the shrubby flase indigo bean weevil, and temperature, humidity are high more, and the desinsection time is short more.
Table 3 shrubby flase indigo seed forced hot air is handled and is killed time series analysis
* significant difference on the P=0.05 level; * kinetic represents thermodynamic model, and probit represents the probit value model.
Embodiment 3
According to result and the conclusion of embodiment 1,2, should select 56-60 ℃ to the forced hot air treatment temperature of killing the shrubby flase indigo bean weevil, humidity is 50-90%.Winter in 2009, respectively under 60 ℃-70%RH, 60 ℃-50%RH, 58 ℃-70%RH condition, is the Seed Layer of 6cm with the shrubby flase indigo seed tiling of natural infection shrubby flase indigo bean weevil for thickness, the metal frame of putting into a plurality of meshes carries out the forced hot air processing, carry out 4 times under each temp. and humidity combination condition and repeat, handle the 6kg seed at every turn, calculate according to the seed carriage rate, the shrubby flase indigo bean weevil quantity that each temp. and humidity combination condition is handled down is above 100,000.Seed is divided into upper, middle and lower-ranking monitor temperature and deposit respectively at ambient temperature and to preserve respectively, to 1 year autumn, not killed larva has grown and has been adult and harm and breeding on seed, and the quantity (the results are shown in Table 4) of statistics emergence adult is insecticidal effect as can be seen.
Reach the time (LT that embodiment 2 requires when the temp. and humidity and the duration thereof of the surface of the seed
99.9968) after, insect is killed fully, is lower than in the temperature or the processing in processing time of embodiment 2, and the shrubby flase indigo bean weevil fails to kill fully in the seed, its adult quantity surpasses original quantity, show that insect continues to grow and breeding, continue the harm seed, so, for the shrubby flase indigo bean weevil, in order to guarantee the safety of seed, need to use the heat treatment time that reaches 99.9968% lethality, kill the larva that seed carries fully.
Each layer sprouted wings into borer population and each layer and reached the duration that imposes a condition after the thermal treatment of table 4. shrubby flase indigo seed
Embodiment 4
Each layer seed to embodiment 3 carries out the germination rate check, every layer of seed got 400 normal shrubby flase indigo seeds that are not subjected to bean weevil harm respectively, with the cultivation of preserving moisture at ambient temperature behind the emerge in worm water, its germination rate result (seeing Table 5) is through Mathematical Statistics Analysis, show the percentage of seedgermination of handling under each condition and compare no significant difference, illustrate that forced hot air processing shrubby flase indigo seed does not injure seed.
Three kinds of temperature and humidity conditions of table 5. are handled back shrubby flase indigo seed germination rate
In sum, thermal treatment can be handled a large amount of shrubby flase indigo seeds at short notice, handle safe and effective, equipment is easy to operation, and thermal treatment has no adverse effects to seed vitality, is a kind of safe, effective, the simple, fast deinsectization method that can use in seed quarantine is handled.
Claims (3)
1. one kind is used for hot air treatment technology and the application that the shrubby flase indigo seed carries insect, and described hot air treatment is the forced hot air processing method of control hot air temperature, humidity and wind speed.
2. deinsectization method as described in requiring as right 1, the condition of control hot-air is: the flow velocity of hot-air is 1～2m/s, and the temperature of hot-air is 56～60 ℃, and the relative moisture of hot-air is 50～70%.
3. carry application aspect the shrubby flase indigo bean weevil according to claim 1-2 is described handling the shrubby flase indigo seed, adopts different hot air temperatures and humidity to make up, the lasting processing time is 30～360min.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105875802A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2016-08-24 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | Heat treatment device of fruits and vegetables and small living plants |
| CN108024525A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2018-05-11 | 热籽全球股份公司 | Seed disinfection method |
-
2010
- 2010-08-27 CN CN 201010265267 patent/CN101971792A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 《园艺概论》 20091231 程智慧 园艺概论 科学出版社 146 , 1 * |
| 《植物检疫》 19980430 徐海 等 热冷处理技术在植物检疫中应用概况 1-3 第12卷, 第2期 2 * |
| 《植物检疫》 20090831 詹国平 等 木质包装热处理国际标准对松材线虫有效性的试验研究 1-6 第23卷, 第4期 2 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105875802A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2016-08-24 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | Heat treatment device of fruits and vegetables and small living plants |
| CN108024525A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2018-05-11 | 热籽全球股份公司 | Seed disinfection method |
| CN108024525B (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2021-09-28 | 热籽全球股份公司 | Seed disinfection method |
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Application publication date: 20110216 |