Embodiment
A kind of liquid pressure measurement container that contains spiral pipe micrometer element; Extremely shown in Figure 4 like Fig. 1 system; The body 2a of spiral pipe micrometer element 2b is along the cylindrical screw trajectory setting of spiral surrounding radius r such as constant pitch d and make it fixedly become the spiral pipe of spiral surrounding; Be equipped with liquid 3a in this spiral pipe, the lower end mouth of pipe of spiral pipe connects the connected entrance of spherical container 4 walls; The scale 2k that extends along its body 2a hand of spiral is being set on the spiral pipe outer tube wall; The relative surface level of the central axis of spiral pipe vertically is provided with; Spiral pipe outer tube diameter Rgw is 6-10mm, and the tube wall of spiral pipe is made up of transparent engineering plastics or organic glass or soda-lime glass; Its spiral surrounding radius of spiral pipe is r, and the velocity coefficient that spiral curve rises is k, and the pitch of spiral curve is d, and the pairing spiral curve length of per unit pitch d is l, the amplification coefficient of spiral pipe
A kind of spiral pipe micrometer element; Extremely shown in Figure 4 like Fig. 1; Comprise body 2a, body 2a is along the cylindrical screw trajectory setting of spiral surrounding radius r such as constant pitch d and make its spiral pipe that fixedly becomes spiral surrounding, is being equipped with liquid 3a in this spiral pipe or is being equipped with the silk rope 1a that receives its tube chamber constraint and adapt with its constant pitch cylindrical screw trajectory; The internal perisporium clearance fit of silk rope 1a periphery wall and spiral pipe, the inner tubal wall of this rope 1a and spiral pipe movingly.A silk rope 1a wherein should satisfy the requirement that can not receive pulling force basically and extend, and in the perimetrical lumen of the internal perisporium of silk rope 1a periphery wall and spiral pipe, being full of has transparent lubricating oil 3b.
Like Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6, caliber ρ in the spiral pipe
GnWith the spiral surrounding radius r of spiral pipe ratio (ρ
Gn/ r) be 0.15-0.05.
Like Fig. 1 to shown in Figure 4, if 1 M in space on the face of cylinder x
2+ y
2=r
2Upward rotate around axle z with angular velocity omega, rise along the forward that is parallel to the z axle with linear velocity v again simultaneously, the figure of putting the M formation so is called helix.The parametric equation of spiral curve is following:
--angle that----spiral curve at the uniform velocity rotates, radian in the formula: θ;
R------spiral (curve) is around radius, unit-Mi;
The velocity coefficient that the k------spiral curve rises, the dimensionless constant;
The pitch of d------spiral curve, unit-Mi;
Can know θ ∈ [0,2 π] section spiral curve L line length march line integral:
By on can get:
Therefore; Body of the present invention is for turning to spiralling spiral pipe along the spiral curve with above-mentioned characteristic; When the line length that is full of pipeline section along spiral pipe when liquid or silk rope (flexible, stiff cotton rope) is l; Then liquid or silk or rope are a pitch d of unit along the height that z axle (axis that spiral pipe rises) rises, and (being thread) l of the helical trajectory length between the unit pitch and the pitch d of unit relation satisfy
Relation, its ratio be one quantitatively, it has following characteristic: (1) l and d satisfy one-to-one relationship; (2) l/d " 1, also be that the spiral line length (the straight line line length of the one-dimensional space) between the unit pitch of d is exaggerated K
FdDoubly project on the line length (three-dimensional curve line length) of space curve l.Therefore; When a spiral thread that in spiral pipe, moves when liquid or silk rope is h; Then can know the thread that the straight line corresponding with it rises; For the sensitive element (claiming preparatory transducer again) that utilizes this principle design to go out is the spiral pipe mircrometer gauge, it can carry out K to the tested non electrical quantity thing position variable signal Δ h (liquid level change or displacement of the lines change) of small scale
FdDoubly amplify conversion in advance, be transformed to the Δ l that large scale is easy to measure.The sensor of being made up of above-mentioned described spiral pipe converter and digital signal metering circuit is spiral pipe micrometer sensor.Therefore, the present invention is rational in infrastructure, can significantly improve the precision of physical simulation numerical value, can carry out the measurement of physical quantitys such as pressure, liquid level, displacement and flow.
Its concrete exploitation of screw thread micrometer element of the present invention and application have following several respects:
(1) measurement of liquid level
A kind of level gauging container that includes this spiral pipe micrometer element; As shown in Figure 7; Comprise liquid container 5; The lower end mouth of pipe of spiral pipe micrometer element 2b is being provided with the scale 2k that extends along its body 2a hand of spiral through the connected entrance of linker 6 connection liquid containers 5 bottom walls on the spiral pipe micrometer element 2b outer tube wall, the relative surface level of central axis of spiral pipe micrometer element 2b vertically is provided with.
Above-mentioned level gauging container is to utilize that the fluid balance equation is the pressure gauge of principle design in the hydrostatics; Graduated tube in traditional liquid column pressure meter is partly or entirely replaced with spiral pipe; Then can obtain the scale of an even spiral trend, utilize the thread variation delta l and the Δ h that are contained in the liquid 3a liquid level in spiral pipe in the liquid container 5
wRelation, can make the very little Δ h of change amount
wMeasured come out.
(2) measurement of pressure
A kind of liquid pressure measurement container that includes this spiral pipe micrometer element of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8, comprise spherical container 4, the lower end mouth of pipe of spiral pipe micrometer element 2b connects the connected entrance of spherical container 4 walls; The scale 2k that extends along its body 2a hand of spiral is being set on the spiral pipe micrometer element 2b outer tube wall; The relative surface level of central axis of spiral pipe micrometer element 2b vertically is provided with.
Aforesaid liquid pressure measurement container is to utilize that the fluid balance equation is the pressure gauge of principle design in the hydrostatics; Graduated tube in traditional liquid column pressure meter part is replaced with spiral pipe; Then can obtain a rotation scale, utilize the thread variation delta l and the Δ h that are contained in the liquid 3a liquid level in spiral pipe in the spherical container 4
pRelation, Δ h that can the change amount is very little
pCertain can be learnt a bit, the hydrostatic pressure at M point place as shown in Figure 8 by measured come out.
(3) measurement of displacement
Existing liquid column pressure meter is to utilize that the fluid balance equation is the pressure gauge of principle design in the hydrostatics; Graduated tube in traditional liquid column pressure meter part is replaced with spiral pipe; Then can obtain a rotation scale, also can be measured come out even the thread variation delta l that utilizes fluid column liquid level in spiral pipe and the relation of Δ h can be known the very little variation of Δ h generation.
(4) measurement of flow
A kind of bell-jar gas flow meter checking device that comprises spiral pipe micrometer element of the present invention; Extremely shown in Figure 12 like Fig. 9; Comprise leading block,
pedestal 23, suspension apparatus,
compensation mechanism 33,
bell jar 10,
liquid bath 16 and
counterweight stone roller 31; Suspension apparatus is made up of the column that is provided with
guide rail 12, load-bearing suspention
gentle rope 1b and
guide roller 11, in sealing
liquid 22 is housed
liquid bath 16 match with the
bell jar 10 of back-off,
bell jar 10 enclosure wall are provided with graduated
scale 13; The upper guide way roller of installing in both sides,
bell jar 10
bottom 11 matches with guide rail, also cooperates on the cover body in the
bell jar 10 lower
guide way roller 15 is installed; On
bell jar 10 diapires,
future thermometer 13 is installed; Wireway 14 is being set in
liquid bath 16; The upper end mouth of pipe of
wireway 14 stretches into the air storing cavity of
bell jar 10, and the cell wall that
liquid bath 16 is passed in the lower end of
wireway 14 is communicated with the
gas piping 24 be placed on
liquid bath 16, and the future tensimeter 21 of measuring near the air
pressure bell jar 10 is being installed on the
gas piping 24 near the cell wall place of
liquid bath 16;
Gas piping 24 is communicated with gives
airduct 25 and
gas outlet 28; Give the air outlet of
airduct 25 through
stop valve 26 connection blower fans 27,
gas outlet 28 is communicated with atmosphere through variable valve 17 and
tube coupling 29, and back journey thermometer 18 and back stroke pressure table 19 are being installed on the
gas outlet 28 between variable valve 17 and the
tube coupling 29; Be equipped with on the
tube coupling 29 by
school flowmeter 20;
Gentle rope 1b one end is suspended in
bell jar 10 its affixed load-bearing in bottom of being put up of back-off in midair, and described
compensation mechanism 33 is a quadrant weight compensating mechanism, and the lower end of
compensation mechanism 33 is articulated on the
fixed base frame 32; Cooperation is walked around above-mentioned two leading load-bearing to pulley 9 and back leading
block 8b of installing with level altitude and is suspended the upper end that gentle its other end of the 1b of rope is connected
compensation mechanism 33 in midair, and
compensation mechanism 33 hangs
bell jar 10 through the gentle 1b that restricts of above-mentioned load-bearing suspention; Also be fixed with on the
back leading block 8b and its
reel 8a, the radius r of the wheel body 36 of
reel 8a with circular shaft
c, back leading
block 8b wheel body 35 radius r
dAnd the mathematical relation that the spiral surrounding radius r of
body 2a satisfies is:
And leading
block 8b walks around the radian Rad that contacts with the circle wall 35a of its wheel body 35 and form in the back to make the gentle rope of load-bearing
suspention 1b
2The radian Rad that forms with silk rope 1a being walked around contact on sheave 8a1 or reel 8a2 with its wheel body circle wall
1Identical; A bottom surface cell wall 37a that its upper end of rope 1a is fixed in the sheave 8a2 circumferential groove who is through in the fixing spiral
pipe micrometer element 2b pipe goes up or is fixed on the reel 8a1 outer tube wall 37b; The lower end of silk rope 1a is hung and is connected to the
counterweight stone roller 31 that matches with
bell jar 10; Bell
jar 10 drives back leading
block 8b through the gentle rope of load-bearing
suspention 1b and rotates; The silk rope 1a that back leading
block 8b makes the sheave 8a1 that install coaxial with it or reel 8a2 rotation receive upwards to be sling is again furled that the silk rope 1a that reeled of hanging oneself needs to fit with the circle wall 37a of its wheel body 36a or is furled the 1a that thread restricts that reeled of hanging oneself by reel 8a2 by sheave 8a1 and need fit with the outer tube wall 37b of its cylindrical shell 36b and contact.In order to prevent that the gentle rope of load-bearing
suspention 1b from skidding on the leading
block 8b of back; Can on the circle wall 35a of back leading
block 8b, one deck skid resistant course be set; Such as the skid resistant course that constitutes by rubber; On the leading
block 8b of back, skid in the time of can preventing after the gentle rope of the load-bearing
suspention 1b
transmission leading block 8b, avoid measuring the appearance of such measuring error.
Shown in figure 10, described reel 8a is sheave 8a1 or reel 8a2.Like Figure 11 and shown in Figure 12, sheave 8a1 is fit to silk rope 1a and twines a circle, and winding is shown in figure 11, when design, makes the stroke of the girth of the silk rope 1a that is wrapped on the sheave 8a1 more than or equal to the upper and lower displacement of bell jar 10.Reel 8a2 is fit to a silk rope 1a and twines a multi-turn, contacts but every circle all must make silk rope 1a fit with the circumferential wall 37b of its cylindrical shell 36b, and can not pile up winding, could guarantee the accuracy of measurement, and winding as shown in figure 12.As shown in Figure 9; Below the leading block 8b of back, cooperate a secondary leading block 8c is installed; The gentle rope of load-bearing suspention 1b that will leading block 8b walks around the upper end from the back is from vertically walking around secondary leading block 8c downwards; Make the gentle rope of load-bearing suspention 1b one end be fixed in the upper end of compensation mechanism 33 again, suspend load-bearing in midair radian Rad that gentle rope 1b contacts on the leading block 8b of back
2Be set at 90 °, in like manner, silk rope 1a walks around the radian Rad that contacts with its wheel body circle wall and form on sheave 8a1 or reel 8a2
1Also respective settings is 90 °, and the rope body that silk rope 1a exposes the spiral pipe micrometer element 2b upper end mouth of pipe is in the state of vertically setting up, and can certainly make Rad
1(=Rad
2) scope of value is 0 °<Rad
1=Rad
2<180 °, general Rad
1(=Rad
2) value is 90 °-135 °; Through add the way of back leading block in suitable location; As shown in Figure 9; Select to protect silk rope 1a and the gentle rope of load-bearing suspention 1b around to, guarantee circle wall that silk rope 1a and the gentle rope of load-bearing suspention 1b be fitted in the reel wheel body respectively with after leading block 8b wheel body circle wall and the radian of each self-forming is equal, i.e. Rad
1-Rad
2, select for use above-mentioned angular range to get final product in practical implementation.
As shown in Figure 9, the scale 2k that extends along its body 2a hand of spiral is being set on the spiral pipe micrometer element 2b outer tube wall; Spiral pipe micrometer element 2b is packed on the fixed base frame 32, prevents the distortion of its body through anti-deformation stilt 34, keeps its pitch, the radius of spin constant, and its central axis OE with respect to the horizontal plane vertically is provided with.
As shown in Figure 9, the upper end of spiral pipe micrometer element 2b through bend pipe 7a is communicated with its body 2a straight tube 7, the purpose that bend pipe 7a is set is pulled out fixing spiral pipe micrometer element 2b body by bell jar 10 through the soften 1b that restricts of load-bearing suspention smoothly for ease of silk rope 1a; The lower guide way roller 15 of the symmetry that cooperation is installed in the bell jar 10 rolls with wireway 14 outer tube walls of vertically fixing and cooperates, and assurance bell jar 10 guide rails along vertically setting move up and down.
The number reading method of bell-jar gas flow meter checking device has two big types, promptly dynamic reading method and static reading method.
(1) dynamic method of reading
So-called dynamically reading method is promptly in the bell jar motion process; Two baffle plates are read volume during successively through photocurrent generator, and the volume between two baffle plates is fixed, so be referred to as dynamic reading method; In brief, dynamically reading method is exactly that bell jar is accomplished the once method of calibrating in motion process.Dynamically reading method development a kind of new form in recent years; Make exactly chain with the motion of bell jar disc rotated; Adopt scrambler that the rotation of disk is converted into pulse and carry out record; The advantage of this mode is the restriction that the use of bell jar does not receive each class, but the circularity and the linearity of bell jar had higher requirements.
(2) static reading method
So-called static reading method, promptly bell jar is read the method for volume when transfixion.This reading method needs a scale, all corresponding bell jar volume of each scale on the scale, and this corresponding relation is decided through calibrating in advance.Scale should have enough reading resolving powers, and it should be much smaller than the relative uncertainty of bell jar volume with the ratio of clean reading in the calibrating once.
From above-mentioned existing number reading method commonly used, because static reading method scale label precision is not high enough, therefore, the usable range of static reading method has received certain restriction, and person skilled is to adopt dynamic method of reading to measure the volume of bell jar more.
Like Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 9, this bell-jar gas flow meter checking device utilizes spiral surrounding radius r and the relation of helical trajectory length (being thread) l and the pitch d of unit in the spiral pipe micrometer element, promptly according to
Carry out work, and wheel body 36a (or the radius r of the cylindrical shell 36b of reel 8a2 of the wheel body 35 of back leading
block 8b and sheave 8a1
c) radius r
cRatio also should satisfy
Moving after the transmission during the coaxial synchronous rotation of leading
block 8b and sheave 8a1 (reel 8a2), need make silk restrict a 1a at the gentle rope of load-bearing
suspention 1b all the time at the last applying exposure phase radian Rad that should form of the wheel body 36a of sheave 8a1 (i.e. circle wall 37a in circumferential groove)
1Or at the last radian Rad that fits contact and form of the wheel body 36b of reel 8a2 (i.e. circle wall 37b in its circumferential groove)
1Leading
block 8b walks around the radian Rad that contacts with the circle wall of its wheel body 35 and form in the back with making the gentle rope of load-bearing
suspention 1b
2Equate, can guarantee the thread Δ H that the gentle rope of load-bearing
suspention 1b moves
xThe thread Δ L that in the
body 2a of spiral pipe micrometer element, slides with silk rope 1a satisfies
Relational expression, i.e. Δ H
xOn spiral thread Δ L, be exaggerated K
FdDoubly, improved the precision of measuring.In addition, use spiral
pipe micrometer element 2b can make long straight thread curved the helix thread, be convenient for measuring and use.Load-bearing suspention
gentle rope 1b as shown in Figure 9 is if the A point in spiral
pipe micrometer element 2b body moves to the B point; Then the thread Δ L between A and the B point is exactly the vertical distance that bell jar sinks; Can learn the volume differences Δ V that bell jar gives off, thus push away the gas volume V that discharges of its bell jar that need
measure 10
s, standard volume flow q
VmCan calculate according to following formula:
The temperature value T that records when future thermometer 13
s, the pressure value P that records of future tensimeter 21
sAnd the temperature value T that records of back journey thermometer 18
m, back stroke pressure table 19 measured pressure value P
m, compressibility coefficient Z
s, Z
mGas volume V with minute t and bell jar discharge
sAfter obtaining confirming, will be by the demonstration indicating value q of verification high precision flow 20
vWith calculate q
VmCompare, can learn by the relative error of the indicating value of school flowmeter 20.This shows, as the gas volume V of bell jar 10 discharges
sMeasuring accuracy increased substantially by this spiral pipe micrometer element 2b after, its standard volume flow q
VmAccuracy value also can correspondingly be enhanced, thereby further improve the measuring accuracy of checking flow meter.
Use spiral micrometer element of the present invention; Combine the corresponding sensor part can form the spiral pipe converter it; The non electrical quantity thing position curvilinear motion signal delta L (promptly like thing position variable signal-liquid level or displacement of the lines) that its class is easy to large scale to measure carries out the scale formula weightization and converts corresponding electric signal (digital signal) to; Utilize the metering circuit of this electric signal to carry out the digital signal processing computational analysis at last, finally draw recorded the value of non electrical quantity thing position variable signal Δ h.