CN101968220B - Low nitrogen oxide burning process as well as burning device and application - Google Patents
Low nitrogen oxide burning process as well as burning device and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN101968220B CN101968220B CN2010105221178A CN201010522117A CN101968220B CN 101968220 B CN101968220 B CN 101968220B CN 2010105221178 A CN2010105221178 A CN 2010105221178A CN 201010522117 A CN201010522117 A CN 201010522117A CN 101968220 B CN101968220 B CN 101968220B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Abstract
The invention relates to a low nitrogen oxide burning process as well as a burning device and application. In the process, deficient oxygen with the oxygen concentration of 13 to 21% and hydrocarbon fuel are used for forming a partial premixing burning process with the chemical equivalent weight of 1.1 to 1.3 to prevent temperature type NOx from generating; simultaneously, rich oxygen with the oxygen concentration of 21 to 30% is used for forming a supplemental burning process outside a main burning area to reduce the generating quantity of carbon black and CO; and the total chemical equivalent weight in the whole burning process is controlled to be less than 1.0. The process particularly comprises the following steps of forming a partial premixing and burning process by using the deficient oxygen prepared by air separating equipment and the hydrocarbon fuel to form a reduction main burning area in the downstream area of a flame holder so that the temperature type NOx can be prevented from being generated; then feeding the rich oxygen from the outside of the main burning area in the mode of rotational flow to form a supplemental burning process of residual fuel and thermal decomposition products so as to effectively reduce the generating quantity of the carbon black and the CO in burning products. The invention has the characteristics of high burning efficiency, low pollutant discharge, stable flame, uniform flame temperature fields and the like, and is suitable for power plants such as ground gas turbines, fuel and gas boilers, heating furnaces and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low-nitrogen oxide combustion technique and burner and application, is a kind of oxygen deprivation (13%≤O that utilizes specifically
2≤21%) tissue part's premixed combustion utilizes oxygen enrichment (21%≤O
2≤30%) accomplishes cleaning, efficient burning technology (oxygen deprivation partly-premixed-oxygen enrichment afterburning technology) and the burner of after-flame process.
Background technology
The traditional combustion technology adopts diffusion combustion more; Utilize rotating jet or cross jet to realize the mixed combustion process between fuel and air, oxygen enrichment even the pure oxygen; Although this method has improved efficiency of combustion; But will form the local reaction high-temperature region at jet compound boundary layer region, and cause nitrogen oxide (NOx) growing amount to increase substantially.Formation mechanism based on diffusion combustion process NOx; The various countries scholar has proposed air classification burning, bias combustion, flue gas recirculation, rich combustion/sudden in succession cold/low NOx combusting technologies such as poor combustion; Through reducing primary zone temperature or oxygen concentration, shortening oxygen in the residence time of high-temperature region, with measures such as the reduction of the NOx in the flue gas, reach the purpose that reduces diffusion combustion process NOx growing amount.But reducing between pollutant emission and the overheavy firing is a pair of contradictory relation all the time, and above-mentioned low NOx combusting technology all might mix bad soot and the CO growing amount of causing because of fuel/oxygen and improve in implementation process.
For diffusion combustion, the premixed combustion process does not receive the restriction of factors such as diffusion of components, and its efficiency of combustion is higher, not only is beneficial to and dwindles combustion chamber volume, and can control flame temperature and NOx growing amount through fuel or oxygen concentration in the control premix gas.Based on above-mentioned theory development and the lean fuel premixed combustion that comes technology (Lean premixed combustion) and poor combustion premix and pre-evaporation combustion technology (Lean premixed prevaporized combustion) are the most potential low NOx combusting technologies at present.Its basic principle is that fuel and air are pre-mixed under lower stoichiometric ratio, and organizes the swirl flow combustion process; Because of its flame temperature relatively low, so the NOx growing amount is less, simultaneously since oxygen abundance and fuel/oxygen mix, so the growing amount of soot and CO also is far smaller than diffusion flame.Therefore, lean fuel premixed combustion can realize cleaning more, combustion process efficiently.But also exactly since the condition of work of poor combustion premixed swirl flame too near poor combustion flame failure limit; And bigger swirl strength and turbulence intensity are easy to bring out and occur unsettled vortex precession (Processing Vortex Core) in the sheared edge interlayer; Be easy to cause local quenching takes place in the flame front, cause flame heat to discharge and periodically pulsing occurs; In some cases, the flame of pulsation heat discharges and can excited oscillation take place with the acoustic pressure vibration in the combustion chamber, forms so-called hot acoustical coupling vibration, causes premixed flame generation dynamics unstability the most at last even extinguishes.
Through experiment and theoretical research to poor combustion premixed swirl combustion process NOx emission performance and kinetics of flame stability; The patent applicant finds; Utilize the porous media retention flame, adopt partly-premixed/circulation gas injection can effectively reduce the amplitude of the hot acoustical coupling vibration of premixed combustion process, and can NOx, soot and CO output be controlled in the lower scope.Based on above-mentioned experiment and theoretical analysis result, the spy has proposed a kind of oxygen deprivation (13%≤O that utilizes
2≤21%) tissue part's premixed combustion, utilizes oxygen enrichment (21%≤O
2≤30%) the low NOx efficient burning technology of tissue after-flame process has designed based on this technological burner simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of low-nitrogen oxide combustion technique and burner and application, it be effectively reduce NOx in the hydrocarbon fuel combustion process, soot and CO growing amount " oxygen deprivation partly-premixed-oxygen enrichment afterburning " burning process technology and be the burner of theoretical foundation.One aspect of the present invention combines the advantage of air classification burning, bias combustion, lean fuel premixed combustion and oxygen-enriched combustion technology; Overcome above-mentioned each technology technological deficiency separately on the other hand; Have that pollutant emission is low, efficiency of combustion is high, flame holding reaches characteristics such as flame temperature field is even well, be widely used.
The step that a kind of low-nitrogen oxide combustion technique provided by the invention comprises: utilize oxygen deprivation and hydrocarbon fuel tissue part premixed combustion process; To suppress the generation of NOx; Utilize oxygen enrichment to organize the afterburning process simultaneously, to reduce the growing amount of soot and CO in the outside, primary zone; The overall stoichiometric ratio of whole combustion process is controlled at below 1.0.
The step that a kind of low-nitrogen oxide combustion technique provided by the invention comprises:
Utilize oxygen concentration to be the oxygen deprivation of 13%-21% and hydrocarbon fuel histochemistry equivalent proportion partly-premixed combustion process for 1.1-1.3; To suppress the generation of temperature mode NOx; Utilize oxygen concentration to organize the afterburning process in the outside, primary zone simultaneously, to reduce the growing amount of soot and CO for the oxygen enrichment of 21%-30%; The overall stoichiometric ratio of whole combustion process is controlled at below 1.0.
Utilize the oxygen deprivation (slowly gas) of generation oxygen concentration such as film oxygen enriching equipment between 13%-21% realize with hydrocarbon fuel histochemistry equivalent proportion be the partly-premixed combustion process of 1.1-1.3.
The described oxygen enrichment of oxygen concentration between 21%-30% that utilizes generations such as film oxygen enriching equipment organizes overall equivalent proportion less than 1.0 afterburning process.
Described partly-premixed combustion process is in the premixer of burner, to utilize radial vortex and direct projection stream to organize the partly-premixed process of oxygen deprivation and hydrocarbon fuel.
Described partly-premixed combustion process is utilize eddy flow flame holder and porous media flame holder implementation part premixed flame stable, forms the primary zone of reducing atmosphere.
Described afterburning process is to utilize the oxygen enrichment of tangential swirl tissue oxygen concentration 21%-30% and the after-flame process of uncombusted fuel and thermal decomposition product, and controls overall stoichiometric ratio below 1.0.
A kind of low nitrogen oxide burning device provided by the invention mainly comprises: fuel inlet pipe, oxygen deprivation inlet tube, radial vortex blade, premixer, flame holder, oxygen enrichment inlet tube and tangential swirl blade.
Burner is columniform three layers of tube-in-tube structure.The fuel inlet pipe is positioned at shaft core position as cylindrical central sleeve, and its top links to each other with fuel channel, and its end links to each other with the premixer.The oxygen deprivation inlet tube is positioned at the fuel inlet pipe outside, and radial vortex blade (optional a group 8) arranges that around the premixer tangential swirl blade is connected with outside sleeve lining face; The oxygen deprivation that air separation equipment produces gets in the premixer with the rotating jet mode through the radial vortex blade after getting into intermediate sleeve via the oxygen deprivation inlet tube then, forms partly-premixed combustible gas with fuel.Tangential swirl flame holder (or porous media flame holder) is positioned at top exit center, premixer, and part is flammable, and premix gas gets into the combustion chamber via tangential swirl flame holder (or porous media flame holder), forms the primary zone of reducing atmosphere.The oxygen enrichment inlet tube is connected with sleeve tangential, the burner outside; The oxygen enrichment of air separation equipment preparation gets into outside sleeve via the oxygen enrichment inlet tube; The tangential swirl blade that the outside sleeve of flowing through then exports; Get into the combustion chamber with the rotating jet mode, form the afterburning district of oxidizing atmosphere in the outside, primary zone.
Burner integral body is cylindrical, and fuel inlet pipe, oxygen deprivation inlet tube, oxygen enrichment inlet tube are pipe; The premixer is cylindric chamber; The radial vortex blade is one group of prismatic blade, with premixer's end cap welding up and down; Tangential swirl blade 7 is one group of prismatic blade, welds with outside sleeve lining face; Tangential swirl flame holder (or porous media flame holder) 5 is by one group of twisted blade, and (the porous media flame holder is the porous ceramic bodies that is fastened in the pipe) welded at the inside and outside two ends of blade respectively with centered cylinder and outside round tube inner wall face.
Characteristics of the present invention are described in detail as follows:
" oxygen enrichment " involved in the present invention is meant and utilizes oxygen concentration that air separation technology (like the film oxygen enriching technology of preparing) the prepares oxygen/nitrogen mist between 21%-30%; " oxygen deprivation " is meant that then the oxygen concentration that produced after the air separation between the gas slowly of 13%-21% (generally; Slowly how the gas of this concentration directly enters atmosphere, and is not used).The concentration of above-mentioned " oxygen enrichment ", " oxygen deprivation " can prepare apparatus operating parameters through the adjustment oxygen enrichment and guarantee.
Involved in the present invention " oxygen deprivation partly-premixed-oxygen enrichment afterburning technology " is meant " oxygen deprivation " and carbon-hydrogen fuel carried out premixed combustion by a certain stoichiometric ratio Φ (1.1≤Φ≤1.3), the primary zone of formation reducing atmosphere; Simultaneously,, utilize the rotating jet mode to send into " oxygen enrichment ", form the afterburning district of oxidizing atmosphere in the outside, primary zone; In the whole combustion process of hydrocarbon fuel, keep overall stoichiometric ratio Φ less than 1.0.Adopt " oxygen deprivation is partly-premixed " can make the primary zone flame temperature reduce 150-200 ℃, thereby effectively suppress the generation of temperature mode NOx; Simultaneously, the reducing atmosphere in the primary zone also helps NOx is reduced into N
2Adopt " oxygen enrichment afterburning " to help to improve the burning velocity and the after-flame degree of the outside, primary zone residue hydrocarbon fuel and thermal decomposition product thereof, can effectively reduce the volume content of soot and CO in the combustion product.Result of study shows, under identical operating mode, for lean fuel premixed combustion, adopts " oxygen deprivation partly-premixed-oxygen enrichment afterburning " technology can reduce that NOx concentration is more than 75% in the flue gas, and the growing amount of soot and CO is suitable, and flame holding improves greatly.
The present invention can be used for power-equipments such as ground gas turbine, oil-burning gas-fired boiler and fuel-firing gas-firing heating furnace.
One aspect of the present invention combines the advantage of air classification burning, bias combustion, lean fuel premixed combustion and oxygen-enriched combustion technology; Overcome above-mentioned each technology technological deficiency separately on the other hand; Have that pollutant emission is low, efficiency of combustion is high, flame holding reaches characteristics such as flame temperature field is even well, the present invention is widely used.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is burner generalized section (an eddy flow flame holder).
Fig. 1 b is burner generalized section (a porous media flame holder).
Fig. 2 is a burner A-A view.
Fig. 3 a is the velocity field sketch map in the poor combustion premix condition lower combustion chamber.
Fig. 3 b be oxygen deprivation partly-premixed-velocity field sketch map in the oxygen enrichment afterburning condition lower combustion chamber.
Fig. 4 a is the temperature field sketch map in the poor combustion premix condition lower combustion chamber.
Fig. 4 b be oxygen deprivation partly-premixed-temperature field sketch map in the oxygen enrichment afterburning condition lower combustion chamber.
Fig. 5 a is the NO concentration field sketch map in the poor combustion premix condition lower combustion chamber.
Fig. 5 b be oxygen deprivation partly-premixed-NO concentration field sketch map in the oxygen enrichment afterburning condition lower combustion chamber.
The specific embodiment
The present invention specifies as follows with reference to accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b are respectively the burner profiles that adopts eddy flow flame holder and porous media flame holder, and Fig. 2 is a burner A-A view.
1 is the hydrocarbon fuel inlet tube among the figure, and 2 are the oxygen deprivation inlet tube, and 3 is the radial vortex blade, and 4 is the premixer, and 5 is eddy flow flame holder or porous media flame holder, and 6 is the oxygen enrichment inlet tube, and 7 is the tangential swirl blade.
Burner involved in the present invention is based on above-mentioned technical know-how design, but efficient, the low NOx combustion process of rationalization's hydrocarbon fuel.This burner mainly is made up of fuel inlet pipe 1, oxygen deprivation inlet tube 2, radial vortex blade 3, premixer 4, flame holder 5, oxygen enrichment inlet tube 6 and tangential swirl blade 7.
Burner is cylindrical, three layers of tube-in-tube structure.Fuel inlet pipe 1 is positioned at shaft core position as cylindrical central sleeve, and its top links to each other with fuel channel, and its end links to each other with premixer 4.Oxygen deprivation inlet tube 2 is positioned at fuel inlet pipe 1 outside; Radial vortex blade 3 (one group 8) is 4 layouts around the premixer; After the oxygen deprivation that air separation equipment produces gets into intermediate sleeve via oxygen deprivation inlet tube 2; Get in the premixer 4 with the rotating jet mode through radial vortex blade 3 then, form partly-premixed combustible gas with fuel.Tangential swirl flame holder (or porous media flame holder) 5 is positioned at 4 top exit centers, premixer, and part is flammable premix gas forms the primary zone of reducing atmosphere via tangential swirl flame holder (or porous media flame holder) 5 entering combustion chambers.Oxygen enrichment inlet tube 6 is connected with sleeve tangential, the burner outside; The oxygen enrichment of air separation equipment preparation gets into outside sleeve via oxygen enrichment inlet tube 6; The tangential swirl blade 7 that the outside sleeve of flowing through then exports; Get into the combustion chamber with the rotating jet mode, form the afterburning district of oxidizing atmosphere in the outside, primary zone.
Burner integral body is cylindrical, and fuel inlet pipe 1, oxygen deprivation inlet tube 2, oxygen enrichment inlet tube 6 are pipe; Premixer 4 is cylindric chamber; Radial vortex blade 3 is one group of prismatic blade, with premixer's end cap welding about in the of 4; Tangential swirl blade 7 is one group of prismatic blade, welds with outside sleeve lining face; Tangential swirl flame holder (or porous media flame holder) 5 is by one group of twisted blade, and (the porous media flame holder is the porous ceramic bodies that is fastened in the pipe) welded at the inside and outside two ends of blade respectively with centered cylinder and outside round tube inner wall face.
The present invention utilizes film oxygen enriching to prepare equipment, and (film oxygen enriching prepares equipment; Energy-conservation Science and Technology Ltd. can be believed in Henan; Product type: MZYR-25 to MZYR-300, the oxygen enrichment amount of purchasing 400 sides/hour to 2500 sides/hour) or other air separation equipment prepare the oxygen deprivation that oxygen concentration is oxygen enrichment and the 13%-21% of 21%-30%; Oxygen deprivation and hydrocarbon fuel are carried out even premix with a certain stoichiometric ratio Φ (1.1≤Φ≤1.3) in the premixer, and form the primary zone of reducing atmosphere in eddy flow flame holder and porous media flame holder downstream; Keep overall stoichiometric ratio less than 1.0 situation under, oxygen enrichment is sent into from the outside, primary zone with the rotating jet form, make it and residual fuel and thermal decomposition product mixed combustion, form the afterburning district of oxidizing atmosphere.
Keeping under the identical situation in overall equivalent proportion Φ=0.625; Analog study lean fuel premixed combustion and oxygen deprivation partly-premixed-in the oxygen enrichment afterburning condition lower combustion chamber NOx generate situation; Analog parameter is: oxygen deprivation concentration in center is 18%, and outside oxygen-rich concentration is 24%.Shown in the analog result figure:
Fig. 3 a is the velocity field sketch map in the poor combustion premix condition lower combustion chamber.Fig. 3 b be oxygen deprivation partly-premixed-velocity field sketch map in the oxygen enrichment afterburning condition lower combustion chamber.Both VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION trend basically identicals, but the latter's center swirl velocity is slightly high, annular jet speed is lower slightly, and average speed is low slightly.
Fig. 4 a is the temperature field sketch map in the poor combustion premix condition lower combustion chamber; Fig. 4 b be oxygen deprivation partly-premixed-temperature field sketch map in the oxygen enrichment afterburning condition lower combustion chamber; Latter's flame high-temperature region temperature obviously reduces, and the temperature field is more even in the combustion chamber.
Fig. 5 a is the NO concentration field sketch map in the poor combustion premix condition lower combustion chamber; Fig. 5 b be oxygen deprivation partly-premixed-NO concentration field sketch map in the oxygen enrichment afterburning condition lower combustion chamber; Can find out NO concentration contrast (mass fraction) result, the latter's NO concentration has reduced more than 75%.
Claims (9)
1. low-nitrogen oxide combustion technique; It is characterized in that the step that it comprises: utilize oxygen concentration to be the oxygen deprivation of 13%-21% and hydrocarbon fuel histochemistry equivalent proportion partly-premixed combustion process for 1.1-1.3; To suppress the generation of NOx; Utilize oxygen concentration to organize the afterburning process in the outside, primary zone simultaneously, to reduce the growing amount of soot and CO for the oxygen enrichment of 21%-30%; The overall stoichiometric ratio of whole combustion process is controlled at below 1.0.
2. technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that utilizing film oxygen enriching equipment to produce the oxygen deprivation of oxygen concentration between 13%-21%, and realization is the partly-premixed combustion process of 1.1-1.3 with hydrocarbon fuel histochemistry equivalent proportion.
3. technology according to claim 1, the oxygen enrichment of oxygen concentration between 21%-30% that it is characterized in that utilizing film oxygen enriching equipment to produce realize that overall stoichiometric ratio is less than 1.0 afterburning process.
4. technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that described partly-premixed combustion process is in the premixer of burner, to utilize radial vortex and direct projection stream to organize the partly-premixed process of oxygen deprivation and hydrocarbon fuel.
5. technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that described partly-premixed combustion process is utilize eddy flow flame holder or porous media flame holder implementation part premixed flame stable, forms the primary zone of reducing atmosphere.
6. technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that described afterburning process is to utilize the oxygen enrichment of tangential swirl tissue oxygen concentration 21%-30% and the after-flame process of uncombusted fuel and thermal decomposition product, and controls overall stoichiometric ratio below 1.0.
7. the burner of the described low-nitrogen oxide combustion technique of claim 1 is characterized in that mainly comprising: fuel inlet pipe, oxygen deprivation inlet tube, radial vortex blade, premixer, flame holder, oxygen enrichment inlet tube and tangential swirl blade;
The fuel inlet pipe is positioned at shaft core position as cylindrical central sleeve, and its top links to each other with fuel channel, and its end links to each other with the premixer; The oxygen deprivation inlet tube is positioned at the fuel inlet pipe outside; The radial vortex blade shroud is arranged around the premixer; Flame holder is positioned at top exit center, premixer, and the oxygen enrichment inlet tube is connected with sleeve tangential, the burner outside, and the tangential swirl blade is connected with outside sleeve lining face; Burner integral body is cylindrical, three layers of tube-in-tube structure.
8. burner according to claim 7 is characterized in that described flame holder is tangential swirl flame holder or porous media flame holder.
9. the application of low-nitrogen oxide combustion technique according to claim 1 is characterized in that can be used for ground gas turbine, oil-burning gas-fired boiler and fuel-firing gas-firing heating furnace power-equipment.
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| CN2010105221178A CN101968220B (en) | 2010-10-28 | 2010-10-28 | Low nitrogen oxide burning process as well as burning device and application |
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| CN2010105221178A CN101968220B (en) | 2010-10-28 | 2010-10-28 | Low nitrogen oxide burning process as well as burning device and application |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103123115A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-05-29 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Auto-ignition stable-flame-type total oxygen combustor |
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| EP1585920B1 (en) * | 2003-01-21 | 2010-10-20 | L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Process and apparatus for oxygen enrichment in fuel conveying gases |
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| CN1687638A (en) * | 2005-04-08 | 2005-10-26 | 清华大学 | Combustion method of fossil fuel and equipment thereof |
| CN101109517A (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2008-01-23 | 清华大学 | Ignition method and apparatus for fossil fuel |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103123115A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-05-29 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Auto-ignition stable-flame-type total oxygen combustor |
| CN103123115B (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2015-09-30 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Auto-ignition stable-flame-type total oxygen combustor |
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